CN101830206B - Overhead vehicle occupant restraint system - Google Patents
Overhead vehicle occupant restraint system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101830206B CN101830206B CN201010125039.8A CN201010125039A CN101830206B CN 101830206 B CN101830206 B CN 101830206B CN 201010125039 A CN201010125039 A CN 201010125039A CN 101830206 B CN101830206 B CN 101830206B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0132—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0134—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle, e.g. using radar systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/06—Safety nets, transparent sheets, curtains, or the like, e.g. between occupants and glass
- B60R21/08—Safety nets, transparent sheets, curtains, or the like, e.g. between occupants and glass automatically movable from an inoperative to an operative position, e.g. in a collision
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/20—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components
- B60R21/214—Arrangements for storing inflatable members in their non-use or deflated condition; Arrangement or mounting of air bag modules or components in roof panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R2021/0002—Type of accident
- B60R2021/0018—Roll-over
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0132—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value
- B60R2021/01322—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value comprising variable thresholds, e.g. depending from other collision parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0132—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value
- B60R2021/01325—Vertical acceleration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0132—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value
- B60R2021/01327—Angular velocity or angular acceleration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/23—Inflatable members
- B60R21/231—Inflatable members characterised by their shape, construction or spatial configuration
- B60R2021/23192—Roof bags, i.e. protecting the occupant in a roll-over situation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of overhead vehicle occupant restraint system.Exemplary top vehicle occupant restraint system comprises the plate being configured for and launching about vehicle roof and pack up, be configured for the electro-motor launching and/or pack up plate, and be configured for according to the expansion of the first predetermined state control desk and the control circuit packed up according to the second predetermined state control desk.The invention has the advantages that avoid passenger is dished out from skylight of vehicle, it is at least and partly can resets in addition, and system can be launched in time during pre-impact, can pack up when colliding and not occurring simultaneously.
Description
The part of the US Patent 11/907298 that to be title be in the present invention " the vehicle rollover forecast with activating occupant restraint system " continues application, will be incorporated by reference herein.
Technical field
The present invention relates to vehicle occupant restraint system, relate more particularly to for the constrained system in vehicle rollover collision.
Background technology
Vehicle rollover accident has been considered as the top priority of research and regulation by people.During roll-over crash, need the passenger avoiding making to fasten seat belts to be dished out by side vehicle window (being called glass port in some process).What same needs were avoided is that passenger is dished out from skylight of vehicle.
Have developed various rolling method of inspection to activate occupant-restraining device, such as air bag, side gas curtain, safe top, seat safety pretension device and Pop-up rolling stabilizer rod.Most methods comprises the monitoring to vehicle rollover angle and tumbling rate, or has the various acceleration/accel parts with the sensor be applicable to, and implements the path clustering algorithm launching specific passenger restraint device when probably rolling.
Concrete rolling research display vehicle can experience the yaw of multiple angles and laterally slide (such as, during braking) before rolling.This pre-impact vehicle movement can produce the motion that strength affected passenger before collision case.This motion can occur being less than in 100ms.
The solution before eliminating the passenger that dishes out is concentrated on and prevents passenger from partially or completely being dished out by vehicle side vehicle window.Major part all uses the method running through side vehicle window deployment balloon from Vehicular door.Such as, some safe tops use side gas curtain air bag to protect Vehicular occupant in side collision and rolling situation.A kind of safe top can on sheet metal purline between A post and C post (double cab vehicle) or between A post and D post (three row's seat coach) launch, to cover side window glass region thus to protect the passenger of seating position in the outer part.The gas filled device of air bag can near purline between lateral column.Safe top can keep the Bulking Time more grown to contribute to preventing the injury of multiple collision or rolling.
Need the satisfaction considering passenger.If but expand safe top when colliding or rollover accident can not be about to generation can reduce passenger satisfaction.In addition, if passenger does not occur in collision or rollover accident and has to reduce passenger satisfaction further when changing the safety restraint system that can not reset.The method of existing expansion occupant restraint system can not use and reset the constrained system such as overhead vehicle occupant restraint device that can reset effectively.
Therefore, need a kind of vehicle occupant restraint system, it can reduce passenger and be dished out from skylight of vehicle.Also need a kind of overhead vehicle occupant restraint system reset, this system can be launched in time during preparation collision, can pack up when colliding and not occurring simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
One or more during the present invention can solve the problem.In statement hereafter, other feature and/or advantage will be more readily apparent from.
Specific embodiments of the invention provide a kind of overhead vehicle occupant restraint system, comprise: be configured for the plate launching about roof and pack up, be configured for and launch and/or pack up the electro-motor of this plate, and be configured for and control this plate development according to the first predetermined state and control according to the second predetermined state the control circuit that this plate packs up.
Some embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of vehicle, comprise the roof with opening and the occupant-restraining device being connected to roof.This occupant-restraining device comprises: be configured for the plate crossed opening and launch and pack up, and be configured for the control circuit of the movement controlling this plate according to vehicle condition.
Some embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of control circuit for overhead vehicle occupant restraint device, and this control circuit comprises: be configured for the sensor evaluating vehicle condition; With the treater of sensor communication, be configured for the possibility calculating vehicle rollover according to vehicle condition.This treater is configured for and activates overhead vehicle occupant restraint system when the possibility of vehicle collision rolling is greater than predetermined value, and makes overhead vehicle occupant restraint system deactivation when the possibility of vehicle collision rolling is less than predetermined value.
An advantage of the present invention is which reduce passenger is dished out from skylight of vehicle.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it is at least part and can resets, and system can be launched in time during preparation collision, can pack up simultaneously when colliding and not occurring.
In the following description, some aspect and embodiment will be more clear.Be understood that from the present invention the most widely angle consider, the present invention can be implemented and without the need to one or more features of these aspects and embodiment.Be understood that these particular contents and feature are only exemplary and schematic, instead of limitation of the present invention.
The explanation that the present invention will be done by examples reference accompanying drawing specifically hereinafter, label identical is in the accompanying drawings used for identical or substantially identical parts.By reference to the accompanying drawings, above-mentioned feature and advantage and other features and advantages of the present invention will be fully aware of in the detailed description of following enforcement best mode of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the power actuated vehicle of the overhead vehicle occupant restraint system had according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows several stages of rolling possibility (or seriousness).
Fig. 3 is the lateral plan of the roof with the exemplary top vehicle occupant restraint system being in un-activation position or stage.
Fig. 4 is the lateral plan of the roof in Fig. 3, and its overhead vehicle occupant restraint system is in position or the stage of activation.
Fig. 5 shows the control circuit for overhead vehicle occupant restraint system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is form, shows the exemplar input signal that can be used for the rolling possibility/seriousness calculating various pre-rolling and rolling stage.
Fig. 7 shows the algorithm controlled according to the overhead vehicle occupant restraint system of exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the another kind of algorithm controlled according to the overhead vehicle occupant restraint system of exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Although following specific implementation method with reference to exemplary embodiment, obviously have many alternative, modifications and changes to those skilled in the art.Therefore, the main body that claim will be protected more broadly treated by needs.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1-8, wherein similar label represents identical in all these accompanying drawings or corresponding part, which show exemplary top vehicle occupant restraint system 10,410 and 540.System 10,410 and 540 can be used for various types of vehicle, comprises small-sized/full size vehicle, Cpe, car, convertible, truck, box-body truck, small-sized box type lorry or sport utility vehicle.In certain embodiments, the vehicle with skylight includes overhead vehicle occupant restraint system (or being referred to as OVORS).Another name of generally acknowledging of OVORS can be top passenger restraint system (or being referred to as OOPS).This OVORS is assisted to reduce passenger during vehicle rollover collision and is dished out by skylight.
The various exemplary embodiment according to this instruction attempts detect pre-impact action and correspondingly activate restraint device.In addition, various exemplary embodiment attempts prediction sideslip and/or contingent situation of stumbling, particularly in the degree more likely making vehicle rollover.Such as, can utilize the evaluation of vehicle forward power to predict rollover accident.Various exemplary embodiment allows occupant restraint system to launch in time when preparing collision, can regain when colliding and not occurring simultaneously.
With reference to figure 1, show the block diagram of the vehicle 20 with exemplary OVORS10.Vehicle 20 is two-door power actuated vehicle or Cpe, with perforate (or opening) 30 in the roof 40 of vehicle.The vehicle interior 60 that the cover plate packed up (such as skylight) that roof 40 comprises the perforate 30 that selectivity extends across in roof can be taken for closed passenger.Cover plate 50 can manually or Electronic control.Although compact car depicted as by shown vehicle 20, vehicle can be the traffic transport device of any type, comprises full size vehicle, car, phaeton, truck, box-body truck, small-sized box type lorry or sport utility vehicle.
Vehicle 20 major design is used for advancing about riding surface is two-way.Also show three axles in Fig. 1, indicate vehicle 20 can along three of its a movement path, direction.X-axis instruction vehicle 20 is along vertically moving from the front end of vehicle to rear end (showing to be 70 and 80 respectively).Y-axis instruction vehicle 20 is along from vehicle driver side to the transverse shifting of passenger side (showing to be 90 and 100 respectively).Z axis instruction vehicle 20 is about the vertical movement of riding surface or displacement.In roll-over crash situation, one or more vehicle part may about Z axis displacement or reversion.Such as, vehicle 20 can rotate about X, Y or Z axis, as shown in Figure 1.Vehicle represents with Θ about the rotation (or rolling) of X-axis.Vehicle 20 represents with α about the rotation (or inclination) of Y-axis.Vehicle 20 represents with Ψ about the rotation (or yaw) of Z axis.As discussed below, vehicle can comprise the sensor of any amount, such as gyroscope, for detecting the cireular frequency of vehicle 20 about X, Y and/or Z axis respectively, i.e. and the tumbling rate of vehicle, Ramp rates and yaw rate.
Also show in Fig. 1 for monitor vehicle situation and the control circuit 110 controlling occupant-restraining device.Control circuit 110 comprises the bound control module (RCM) 120 of the motion being configured for the occupant-restraining device/system controlling any amount.The communication of RCM120 and OVORS10 electricity.
As shown in Figure 1, RCM120 execution algorithm is to launch under given conditions and/or to make occupant-restraining device expand.RCM120 is configured for the pre-rolling and the threshold value in rolling stage of determining and/or store occupant-restraining device.These devices can comprise air bag, passenger side front airbags, rear side air bag or Webbing retractor before overhead vehicle occupant restraint system, inflatable gas curtain (such as safe top) such as driver side.RCM120 is configured for the vehicle condition in response to inputting from each sensor.The value considered comprises vehicle's center of gravity, weight, width, rotor inertia and/or other suspension parameters.RCM120 is configurable for accepting input according to required frequency.Such as RCM120 upgrades existing threshold value may change the vehicle condition of vehicle rollover tendency any change with reflection.Such as, climate condition may need to reduce activation/expansion threshold value.
RCM120 can comprise the microprocessor of any amount to perform various expansion/expansion algorithm.RCM120 also can comprise electronic hardware to assist the execution of algorithm.In an illustrated embodiment, RCM120 is configured for and is received and transmission information by the Hard link line between sensor, occupant-restraining device and/or other Vehicular systems such as emergency telephone call or power actuated vehicle maintenance system and wireless connections.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, RCM120 is connected to multiple sensor 130,140,150,160,170,180,190,200,210,220,230,240,250,260 and 270.Control circuit 110 also comprise tumble rate sensor 130, rolling angle detector 140, longitudinal acceleration meter 150, latax meter 160, vertical accelerometer 170, yaw rate sensor 180, side-slip angle sensor 190, vehicle speed sensor 200, vehicle weight sensors 210,220, lateral accelerometer 230,240, tire pressure sensor 250, delivery height sensor 260 and inertial sensor 270.Other sensors that also can be used for some embodiments of the invention do not shown comprise: such as vehicle window state sensor, safety belt lock catch state sensor, steering wheel sensor and tyre state sensor.
What those skilled in the art will appreciate that be the sensor 130,140,150,160,170,180,190,200,210,220,230,240,250,260 and 270 shown in FIG is only for illustration purposes.The actual position of these sensors can change according to vehicle and system.Sensor 130,140,150,160,170,180,190,200,210,220,230,240,250,260 and 270 can about X, Y or Z axis directed arbitrarily.Translation sensor (such as sensor 230) can be suitable for detecting the movement along any axle.Rotation sensor (such as sensor 130) can be suitable for detecting the rolling of vehicle, inclination and/or yaw.Sensor can be any type, such as the device of piezoelectric type, pressure resistance type, solid-state, condenser or silicon micro mechanical formula.
Sensor 130,140,150,160,170,180,190,200,210,220,230,240,250,260 and 270 also can be used for for other aided algorithms produce signal input.Such as, based on other sensor signal perception one or more or rolling angle and side-slip angle can be calculated.Similarly, various rotor inertia signal and acceleration signal can use other signal to calculate thus draw their value.In certain embodiments, other signal calibration data that can receive based on RCM120.
Sensor 130,140,150,160,170,180,190,200,210,220,230,240,250,260 and 270 provides incoming signal to RCM120.Incoming signal can wireless and/or by rigid line connect be transferred to RCM120.Incoming signal is supplied to RCM120 by special input line and/or by the communication bus of Signal share.
Fig. 2 is expansion and/or the expansion algorithm summary 280 of RCM.RCM can be configured to the possibility calculating vehicle rollover collision based on preassigned.Four threshold stage 290,300,310 and 320 are shown in figure.Two stages 290 and 300 represent the value of rolling possibilities, and two stages 310 and 320 represent the seriousness once coming rolling of rolling.Along with the stage moves right, rolling possibility is larger, and more serious.Stage 290,300,310 and 320 is associated with the value of instruction vehicle condition that is responded to or that calculate.At different phase Activation and/or the different occupant restraint system that expands.Each stage has all made a reservation for and has been programmed in RCM.Such as, in one embodiment, launch/activate OVORS in the pre-rolling stage 2 (300) and make it expand in the rolling stage 1 (310).In another embodiment, launch/activate OVORS in the pre-rolling stage 1 (290) and make it expand in the rolling stage 2 (320).Although show four-stage in fig. 2, also more or less stage or threshold value can be set for constrained system.
The pre-rolling stage and rolling the stage threshold value can be dynamic threshold, static threshold or the two.Such as, threshold value can based on angle signal, speed signal, acceleration signal, tire pressure signal, steering wheel position signal, rolling angle signal, tumble rate signal, yaw signal, yaw rate signal, tilt signals and/or Ramp rates signal.Method and system just can experience to indicate vehicle to have the motion of potential rolling or be in instruction vehicle based on vehicle to be had on the position of potential rolling.Instruction vehicle has the motion of potential rolling or position can comprise such situation, such as: the track of vehicle changes due to the physical contact with other vehicles or object, vehicle tyre pressure sharply declines, chaufeur changes speed and the angle of bearing circle rapidly, or has normal acceleration and speed when vehicle leaves riding surface.Threshold value can depend on the data-signal of one or more instruction vehicle collision state in addition, includes but not limited to such as: vehicle window status signal, seat belt status signal and/or the position of Vehicular occupant in vehicle.
With reference to figure 3, part shows the roof 330 of power actuated vehicle.Shown angle is observed to roof 330 upward inside vehicle car.Roof 330 is arranged in the top of car of vehicle.Roof 330 comprises multiple structure member 340,350,360,370 and 380, and it is configured for and is connected with other structure members of vehicle (such as A post and B post).Roof 330 comprises two large perforates (or opening) 390 and 400.As shown in fig. 1, retractable cover plate (or skylight 50) can be connected to roof 40 optionally to close perforate 30.In embodiment in figure 3, cover plate keeps covering perforate 390, but also optionally removes from perforate 400.In other embodiments, one or morely multiple comparatively large openings that roof 330 optionally opened by cover plate are packed up.
Roof 330 in Fig. 3 comprises overhead vehicle occupant restraint system 410 (or OVORS).OVORS410 comprise in retractable plate (or cover plate) 420, Fig. 3 be shown as be in un-activation, pack up or non-expanded position (or phases/states).Plate 420 is configured for when being in active position (as shown by Fig. 4 and discuss) extend across perforate 400.In Fig. 3, plate 420 is connected to electro-motor 430.Electro-motor 430 drive plate 420 and between un-activation position and active position shifting board.The energy source that electro-motor 430 is used as plate development and packs up.Electro-motor 430 can be connected to the main power source system (such as electrical generator or battery) of vehicle, or electro-motor is separated energy supply.In one embodiment, electro-motor is the skylight motor being generally used for skylight He can packing up plate.In the embodiment shown, when plate 420 does not expand, plate can move back and forth between un-activation position and active position.RCM can connect or be wirelessly connected to electro-motor by rigid line.Electro-motor 430 and the control circuit electric connection with RCM (it is configured for and indicates motor to activate or deactivation plate 420 according to vehicle condition).Such as in one embodiment, RCM indicates motor 430 expansion plate 420 when meeting the first predetermined state.First predetermined state can for yaw rate or tumble rate be more than a threshold value (being such as respectively 2 degree every millisecond and 1 degree every millisecond).First predetermined state also can be computing value, the possibility (the rolling possibility of such as 25%) of such as roll-over crash.RCM indicates motor 430 to pack up plate 420 when meeting the second predetermined state.Second predetermined state also can be yaw rate or tumble rate, but wherein certain should be less than a threshold value (being such as respectively 0.2 degree every millisecond and 0.1 degree every millisecond).Second predetermined state also can be computing value, the possibility of such as roll-over crash.Such as RCM can possibility of rolling be calculated as be less than 10% rolling possibility time) indicator board 420 packs up.Whether the second predetermined state also can be vehicle and rolls.In one embodiment, the rigid car motion of vehicle can use angular velocity sensor to measure, such as, yaw rate sensor 180 shown in Fig. 1 or side-slip angle sensor 190.Under this configuration, RCM is by evaluating separately measured cireular frequency and determining whether it determines in preset range whether vehicle rolls.In another embodiment, angular transducer such as gyroscope also can be used for determining the angle position of vehicle about riding surface.Here, such as angle position equals 180 degree, and RCM determines that vehicle rolls.In this set, rolling can predict before vehicle deforms.When not there is rolling, plate 420 can be back to storage location.Like this, plate 420 can be regained and store after collision possibility reduces.
As shown in Figure 3, plate 420 is connected to guide rail 440.Guide rail 440 comprises two tracks (or groove) 450 being connected to two roof structure parts 340 and 350.Track 450 extends (or being in X-direction) about longitudinal direction of car.In an illustrated embodiment, track 450 is configured for and extends along perforate 400, but in other embodiments, track also can extend and/or cross the whole roof 330 of vehicle along multiple perforate (such as 390).
OVORS 410 comprises tension link 460, and it is configured for the position guiding or adjust plate 420 further.Shown tension link 460 comprises the rope assembly with twice rope 470 and 480 (as shown in Figure 4) and two rope pulleies 490,500.With reference to figure 3, plate 420 is connected to guide rail 450 by rope.Each rope is connected to one end of plate 420 and is anchored in rope pulley.Rope pulley 490,500 when plate development along rail moving.Rope pulley is driven by electro-motor 430.Tension force on rope 470,480 and pulley 490,500 regulating plate 420.Rope 470,480 is made up of the material of the power and any required application that are enough to bear system expansion.In one embodiment, rope 470,480 is made up of nylon fiber.Also can by other tension links (such as spring or other connecting elements) for plate.
As shown in Figure 3, guide rail 440 comprises and being configured for fixing for rope pulley 490,500 lockout mechanism on a predetermined position or connecting element.Once plate 420 extends completely across perforate 400, it will fix in place by lockout mechanism.Suo Ding mechanism can be the fastener such as lock pin or control lever of any type.In one embodiment, lock pin is included in orbit of guide rail 450.Lock pin comprises the hook of spring load, and for once ad-hoc location crossed by rope pulley, it will lock in place.Lock pin is configured for and is optionally separated rope pulley.Lock pin can be Mechanical Driven or electric drive.This locking and unlocking process can repeat number of times many arbitrarily.Plate 420 can repeatedly repeat to reset between active position and un-activation position, OVORS 410 can be opened in time at preparation encounter stage, and pack up when colliding and not occurring.Guide rail, rope pulley and lockout mechanism can be made up of any metal or plastic material.By any known fastener such as rivet, bolt, glue or epoxy resin, parts are fixed to roof.Parts can use current forming technique (comprising punching press, casting, injection mo(u)lding and/or extruding) to be formed.
Shown in Fig. 4 is roof 330 in Fig. 3, with being shown as the OVORS 410 being in active position, stage or state.Plate 420 moves about longitudinal direction of car or is in X-direction and moves.Plate 420 is shown as and is in expansion and locked stage.Plate 420 can be made up of multiple material and can design its size to meet size and the passenger of vehicle.Perforate 400 (also as shown in Figure 3) is covered to limit passenger or other objects are dished out from vehicle at active position plate.Like this, OVORS 410 is decreased passenger and is partly or entirely dished out by skylight.
Plate 420 comprises inflatable chamber 510, as shown in Figure 4.Inflatable chamber 510 to be configured for when wherein spraying fluid expansion or to expand.Inflatable chamber 510 can be any size or shape, and can any required mode or configuration setting.Plate 420 can be or comprise such as air bag, gas curtain or top.Cavity 510 and gas filled device 520 fluid communication.Passage 530 or flexible pipe is shown so that cavity 510 is connected with gas filled device 520 in figure.Gas filled device 520 can be such as any known gas inflator such as chemistry, electricity or mechanically operated gas filled device.Because OVORS 410 is with two energy sources separately stored (namely electro-motor 430 produces tension force for expansion plate 420, and gas filled device 520 expands for making plate), can make the complexity of system and quality minimum.OVORS 410 proposes a kind of simple and light and handy solution, and it only needs the encapsulation of minimum.Rope 470,480, the expansion of blocking device and cavity 510 ensure that and be added in plate 420 and roof perforate 400 by enough tension force.
Gas filled device 520 and the communication of RCM electricity.RCM indicates gas filled device 520 to deliver the gas to cavity in plate when specific vehicle condition is determined.RCM instruction gas filled device 520 when meeting the 3rd predetermined state makes plate expand.3rd predetermined state can for yaw rate or tumble rate be more than a threshold value (being such as respectively 3 degree every millisecond and 0.5 degree every millisecond).3rd predetermined state also can be computing value, the possibility (the rolling possibility of such as 55%) of such as roll-over crash.In other embodiments, whether the 3rd predetermined state can roll for vehicle.In one embodiment, can use angular velocity sensor, such as, yaw rate sensor 180 shown in Fig. 1 or side-slip angle sensor 190 carry out the motion of measuring vehicle rigid car.Under this configuration, RCM is by evaluating separately measured cireular frequency and determining whether it determines in preset range whether vehicle rolls.In another embodiment, angular transducer such as gyroscope also can be used for determining the angle position of vehicle about riding surface.Here, such as angle position Θ equals 180 degree, and RCM determines that vehicle rolls.In this set, rolling can predict before vehicle deforms.When not there is rolling, plate 420 can be back to storage location.Like this, plate 420 can be regained and store when collision possibility reduces.In an illustrated embodiment, gas is flowed to plate 420 when plate is in active position as shown in Figure 4 by bootable gas filled device.OVORS 410 is once expand in this embodiment, can not reset and pack up.
With reference to figure 5, show wherein for the schematic diagram of the control circuit 535 of occupant restraint system 540 (such as OVORS 410).Control circuit 535 comprises the sensor 550,560 and 570 of any amount for detecting various vehicle condition.As discussed above, exemplary sensor includes but not limited to tumble rate sensor, yaw rate sensor, mileage meter and accelerometer.Sensor 550,560 and 570 and treater 580 telecommunication.Sensor 550,560 can be connected or be wirelessly connected to treater 580 by rigid line with 570.Treater 580 is configured for the possibility calculating vehicle rollover collision based on vehicle condition that is sensed or that calculate.Various method can be used to calculate the possibility of roll-over crash.Illustrative methods is being called the US Patent No. No.7 of " system and method for prediction vehicle rollover ", 386, disclosed in having in 384.Treater 580 be configured for based on induction or calculate value control occupant-restraining device 540.Treater 580 is configured for and activates OVORS 540 when the possibility of vehicle rollover collision is greater than predetermined value (the rolling possibility of such as 30%), and when the possibility of vehicle rollover collision is less than predetermined value (the rolling possibility of such as 5%) deactivation OVORS 540.In other embodiments, treater 580 is configured for and activates or deactivation OVORS 540 based on sensed situation.The such as activation system 540 when assessment is 3 degree every millisecond to yaw rate.Treater 580 software programming or hardware controls can perform and activate and remove activation algorithm.Treater 580 can be bound control module or is included in wherein.RCM can comprise memory device (such as RAM or DRAM) and carry out storage algorithm.RCM also can comprise electricity, electronic chemistry or electromechanical switch device for driving OVORS 540 when receiving the incoming signal of the specific predetermined state of induction (such as whether vehicle rolls).
OVORS 540 shown in Fig. 5 comprises two energy sources 590,600.Be provided with electro-motor 590 and launch and pack up inflatable plate 610.Be provided with gas filled device 600 for making it expand when plate 610 launches.Control circuit 535 can comprise gas filled device 600 and electro-motor 590.Electro-motor 590 and the electric communication of treater 580.Treater 580 is configured for instruction or management electro-motor activates and/or deactivation plate 610.In one embodiment, plate 610 be in pack up or storage location time less than activation, when it is in deployed condition be activate.Control circuit 535 is configured for and controls gas filled device 600.Treater 580 also with gas filled device communication.Treater 580 is configured for instruction gas filled device 600 release fluids makes plate 610 or OVORS 540 expand.Although show the connection of each parts in Fig. 5, the communication of each several part in control circuit is by rigid line or wirelessly set up.
With reference now to Fig. 6, show chart 630, which show and can how to use concrete vehicle condition to calculate possibility and/or the seriousness of vehicle rollover collision for an exemplary constraint system.For a kind of various activation/stages of deployment of occupant restraint system set threshold value.As shown, employ different signals to evaluate possibility or the seriousness of rolling in the different stages, and determine whether to meet predetermined threshold.Set four-stage: roll the stage in advance (turn over the stage 1 in advance and turn over the stage 2 in advance) and roll the stage (rolling stage 1 and rolling stage 2).
Receive various incoming signal 640 and possibility/seriousness for calculating rolling from sensor, and the value of these values and dependent thresholds is compared.First incoming signal relates to vehicle rollover speed.Tumble rate is set as the cireular frequency of vehicle about rolling (or rotating around X-axis).Vehicle rollover speed with rolling and the pre-rolling stage related.Vehicle rollover speed be used for turning in advance the stage 1, in advance turn over the stage 2, rolling stage 1 and rolling stage 2 calculating and compare.
Yaw rate refers to the cireular frequency of vehicle around its vertical axis (Z axis shown in Fig. 1), and usually represents to spend per second or Radian per second.Yaw can be described as the motion of object around its vertical axis, and yaw rate sensor determines that vehicle carries out " slip " and how far leaves axis usually.Yaw rate signal is used for the calculating in pre-rolling stage and the first rolling stage (rolling stage 1) and compares.
Steering wheel angle and steering wheel angular velocity relate to the calculating in pre-rolling stage and the first rolling stage and compare.Steering wheel angle instruction chaufeur wishes the angle and direction of Vehicular turn.Due to the direction that steering wheel angle instruction chaufeur is wished, it can compare with the input of other sensors determines that whether vehicle is really towards desired direction (or whether chaufeur is not beaten sufficient bearing circle or overshooted by bearing circle).How soon steering wheel angular velocity instruction chaufeur beats bearing circle has, or how soon bearing circle has turned to when the input not having chaufeur.Steering wheel angular velocity can indicate the driver actions of other vehicle locations that can be absorbed in rolling or have vehicle rollover possibility.
The acceleration/accel in transverse direction, longitudinal direction and normal acceleration or X, Y and Z-direction is respectively illustrated, the calculating of its possibility/seriousness that also can be used for rolling in Fig. 1.Transverse acceleration instruction vehicle speed increase rate in the lateral direction.Transverse acceleration can be used for the calculating of all four-stages and compares.Longitudinal acceleration instruction vehicle speed increase rate in the longitudinal direction.Longitudinal acceleration can be used for the calculating in stage of rolling in advance and compares.Normal acceleration instruction vehicle speed increase rate in vertical direction.Normal acceleration can be used for the calculating in rolling stage and compares, and not be used in the calculating in pre-rolling stage.
In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 6, the rolling possibility/seriousness of car speed also for turning over stage 2 and two rolling stages in advance calculates and compared with threshold value.The rolling possibility/seriousness that side-slip angle or " slip angle " can be used for stage of turning in advance 2 and two rolling stages calculates and compared with threshold value.Slip angle is the angle between the actual travel angle of vehicle and specified vehicle front direction.
One or more tire pressure signal can be used extraly to calculate all pre-rolling stages with the rolling possibility/seriousness in rolling stage and compared with threshold value.Tire pressure signal can comprise the tire pressure about left and right front-wheel and/or left and right trailing wheel.The reading of tire pressure can be assessed value or computing value.Tire pressure signal can be the relative value between multiple tire or relates to the situation of single tire.
Other incoming signals can be used for determining the one or more threshold value in stage of rolling in advance and rolling stage.Such as, initially roll angle detector, vehicle mass detector or rotor inertia detector can in the calculating of rolling possibility and/or seriousness the information that provide.
Fig. 7 shows the algorithm 700 being controlled multiple occupant restraint system according to another embodiment by RCM.Receive various incoming signal at 710 places, calculate rolling possibility or seriousness at 720 places, at 730 places, this value to be compared with the threshold value in the stage of rolling with pre-rolling, if meet threshold value at 740 places, activate various constrained system.In the embodiment shown, confirm or calibration calculations value at 750 places.
As shown in the figure, various incoming signal is received at 710 places.Incoming signal comprises: tumble rate, yaw rate, steering wheel angular velocity, steering wheel angle, longitudinal acceleration, transverse acceleration, normal acceleration, car speed, side-slip angle and tire pressure.At 720 places, signal is used for calculating vehicle rollover possibility or seriousness.As indicated by step 730, by this value compared with multiple predetermined thresholds of the four-stage (in this example) of restraint system activation.
As shown in Figure 7, turn over stage 1 threshold value 760 in advance for activation/deactivation threshold value, it means and can be activated and afterwards can deactivation by reset apparatus.If meet and turn over stage 1 threshold value 760 in advance, activate can reset pre-tensioning device at 770 places.If along with the activation that can reset pre-tensioning device, rolling possibility/seriousness is reduced under stage of turning in advance 1 threshold value, will remove the activation that can reset pre-tensioning device and reset.Afterwards, algorithm by rolling possibility/seriousness with turn over stage 2 threshold value 780 in advance and compare, threshold value 780 is also activation/deactivation threshold value.Turn over stage 2 threshold value 780 in advance if met, activate at 790 places additional can reset apparatus (such as across the plate packing up unexpansive formula or top, the i.e. OVORS in skylight).If along with additional can the activation of reset apparatus, rolling possibility/seriousness is down under stage of turning in advance 2 threshold value, by remove can reset apparatus activation and reset.
Algorithm checks at 800 places subsequently and turns over stage 1 threshold value in advance, and it is activation threshold, will activate or launch the restraint device that can not reset here.If meet rolling stage 1 threshold value, the pre-tensioning device that can not reset will be activated at 810 places.If along with the activation of the pre-tensioning device that can not reset.Rolling possibility/seriousness is down under rolling stage 1 threshold value, no longer will reset and can not reset pre-tensioning device.Rolling stage 2 threshold value 820 is also activation threshold.If meet rolling stage 2 threshold value, passenger's restraining device (the gas top such as expanded) that can not reset will be activated at 830 places.If along with the activation of expendable passenger's restraining device, rolling possibility/seriousness drops down onto under rolling stage 2 threshold value, can not reset again and can not reset passenger and suppress system.
With reference to figure 8, show the another kind of method or the algorithm 850 that control occupant restraint system.Method 850 performs by treater and/or RCM.Method 850 can be compatible with any occupant-restraining device, includes but not limited to OVORS discussed here.Method 850 starts the incoming signal of any amount receiving instruction vehicle condition at 860 places.Can any frequent degree Received signal strength.In one embodiment, evaluation per second also receives vehicle condition once, and in another embodiment, every millisecond receives the vehicle condition of renewal once.At next step 870 place, calculate the possibility of vehicle rollover collision.The incoming signal of any amount can be used to calculate rolling possibility.At next step 880 place, algorithm by rolling possibility compared with predetermined state.Activation threshold is programmed in RCM.If meet activation threshold, then activate occupant restraint system at 890 places.If fail to meet activation threshold, then program is back to step 860.Activation can comprise expansion inflatable device (such as air bag, plate or top) and/or make it expand.
Activation occupant restraint system after, algorithm at 900 places by roll-over crash possibility compared with another predetermined state.Expansion threshold program is entered in RCM.If meet expansion threshold value, occupant restraint system will be expanded at 910 places.In this embodiment, controlled circulation stops in expansion place.If fail satisfied expansion threshold value, system will be back to step 860 in 920 place's deactivation.In another embodiment, program returns step 880 to evaluate whether meet activation threshold.If meet activation threshold but do not meet expansion threshold value, then system by maintenance state of activation until no longer meet activation threshold.Such program circulates between step 880 and 900, until or satisfied expansion threshold value or no longer meet activation threshold.
This specification sheets and claim unless otherwise specified, all with " approximately " are modified under the value of numeral or other numericals expressing quantity, percentum or ratio should be understood to all situations in all specification sheetss and in claim.Therefore, unless done contrary explanation, the numerical parameter provided in the specification and in the claims has been all approximate value, its performance that can desirably be obtained by the present invention and changing.For the equivalent application principle not being at all attempt restriction the claims in the present invention scope, each numerical parameter at least should round rule according to disclosed significant digit and employing routine and make an explanation.
Various exemplary embodiment is that predicting machine motor vehicle rollover accident and expansion occupant restraint system provide method and system.Some embodiments of the present invention can be used for various types of power actuated vehicle with prediction or determine whether to occur rolling or collision, and whether rolling or collision occur.Some embodiments can use algorithm according to predicting under given fact of case that (or induction) rollover accident launches and/or resets and activate and the one or more occupant restraint system of deactivation.Occupant restraint system can automatically, manually or manually reset by automatic common land, such as, allow manually to substitute when automatically resetting and can not carry out.
One or more this kind of restraint device can be used in the various exemplary embodiments of this instruction, and control circuit is applicable to when the threshold is met simultaneously or do not activate these restraint devices in the same time, and such as, certain threshold value illustrates vehicle and enters pre-rolling and rolling stage.Various other sensor and discrete controller also can be used for controlling occupant-restraining device in some embodiments.Control circuit is by generating one or more control signal to launch restraint device in response to multiple rolling detection threshold.
It should be noted, in the present description and claims, unless otherwise indicated, the statement such as " ", " ", " this ", " being somebody's turn to do " of singulative comprises plural, and is not limited to refer to one.Therefore, two or more restraint device is comprised when mentioning " restraint device ".As used herein, phrase " comprises " and its phraseological change expression is not intended to limit, and therefore listed phrase describes not to be got rid of other and can substitute or be attached to similar phrase in listed phrase.
To those skilled in the art, can variations and modifications be made to the method for this specification sheets and not deviate from the scope of this instruction.By the thinking to specification sheets disclosed herein and hands-on approach, other embodiments of the present invention are apparent for a person skilled in the art.This specification sheets and example only should be interpreted as it is example.
Implement best mode of the present invention although describe in detail, technical staff that the invention relates to the field will recognize that in right of the present invention multiple alternate design and embodiment are to implement the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. an overhead vehicle occupant restraint system, comprising:
Be configured for the plate launching about vehicle roof and pack up;
Be configured for the electro-motor launching and/or pack up described plate;
Be configured for and control the expansion of described plate according to the first predetermined state and control the control circuit packed up of described plate according to the second predetermined state,
Be connected to the sensor of described control circuit,
Inflatable chamber in described plate; And
Be configured for the gas filled device making described inflatable chamber measure expansion;
Wherein, described control circuit comprises the treater being configured for and calculating vehicle rollover collision possibility, and described control circuit is configured for and controls described gas filled device according to the 3rd predetermined state,
Described first predetermined state is that the possibility of vehicle rollover collision is greater than first threshold,
Described second predetermined state is that the possibility of vehicle rollover collision is less than Second Threshold,
Described 3rd predetermined state is that the possibility of vehicle rollover collision is greater than the 3rd threshold value, and
Wherein, described first threshold is the rolling possibility of 25%, and described Second Threshold is 10% rolling possibility, and described 3rd threshold value is the rolling possibility of 55%.
2. overhead vehicle occupant restraint system according to claim 1, is characterized in that
Described sensor is configured for the yaw rate and/or tumble rate of determining vehicle.
3. overhead vehicle occupant restraint system according to claim 2, is characterized in that described first predetermined state is whether yaw rate or tumble rate are greater than the 4th threshold value.
4. overhead vehicle occupant restraint system according to claim 2, is characterized in that described second predetermined state is whether yaw rate or tumble rate are less than the 5th threshold value.
5. overhead vehicle occupant restraint system according to claim 1, is characterized in that comprising further:
Be configured for the guide rail guiding described plate to cross described vehicle roof at least partly.
6. overhead vehicle occupant restraint system according to claim 5, is characterized in that comprising further:
Be connected to the lockout mechanism of described guide rail, described lockout mechanism is configured for optionally fixes described plate.
7. a vehicle, comprises:
With the roof of opening;
Be connected to the occupant-restraining device of described roof, described occupant-restraining device comprises:
Be configured for the plate crossed described opening and launch and pack up;
Inflatable chamber in described plate;
Be configured for the gas filled device making described inflatable chamber measure expansion; And
Be configured for and control the expansion of described plate according to the first predetermined state and control the control circuit packed up of described plate according to the second predetermined state, and described control circuit is configured for and controls described gas filled device according to the 3rd predetermined state;
Wherein, described first predetermined state is that the possibility of vehicle rollover collision is greater than first threshold,
Described second predetermined state is that the possibility of vehicle rollover collision is less than Second Threshold,
Described 3rd predetermined state is that the possibility of vehicle rollover collision is greater than the 3rd threshold value, and
Wherein, described first threshold is the rolling possibility of 25%, and described Second Threshold is 10% rolling possibility, and described 3rd threshold value is the rolling possibility of 55%;
Described control circuit comprises the treater being configured for and calculating vehicle rollover collision possibility; And the motion of described plate is controlled according to described vehicle rollover collision possibility.
8. vehicle according to claim 7, is characterized in that described plate is expandable, and described control circuit is configured for the expansion controlling described plate according to described vehicle rollover collision possibility.
9., for a control circuit for overhead vehicle occupant restraint device, described control circuit comprises:
Be configured for the sensor evaluating vehicle condition; And
With the treater of described sensor communication, described treater is configured for the possibility calculating vehicle rollover collision based on described vehicle condition;
It is characterized in that described treater is configured for and activate described Vehicular occupant restraint device when described vehicle rollover collision possibility is greater than first threshold, and when described vehicle rollover collision possibility is less than Second Threshold Vehicular occupant restraint device described in deactivation, and
Wherein, described first threshold is the rolling possibility of 25%, and described Second Threshold is 10% rolling possibility.
10. control circuit according to claim 9; It is characterized in that comprising further:
With described treater communication, be configured for and activate and/or the electro-motor of overhead vehicle occupant restraint device described in deactivation; Described treater is configured for the described electro-motor of instruction to activate and/or overhead vehicle occupant restraint device described in deactivation.
11. control circuits according to claim 10, is characterized in that comprising further:
With described treater communication, be configured for the gas filled device that described overhead vehicle occupant restraint device is expanded; Described treater is configured for the described gas filled device of instruction and expands to make described overhead vehicle occupant restraint system.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/404,266 US20090174174A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 | 2009-03-13 | Overhead Vehicle Occupant Restraint System |
| US12/404,266 | 2009-03-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101830206A CN101830206A (en) | 2010-09-15 |
| CN101830206B true CN101830206B (en) | 2015-09-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010125039.8A Expired - Fee Related CN101830206B (en) | 2009-03-13 | 2010-02-23 | Overhead vehicle occupant restraint system |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090174174A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2228267B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101830206B (en) |
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| CN107176131A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-09-19 | 苏州晓炎自动化设备有限公司 | A kind of emergency escape vehicle dormer window |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2228267A3 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
| CN101830206A (en) | 2010-09-15 |
| EP2228267B1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
| US20090174174A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| EP2228267A2 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
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