CN101828002A - 在烃类开采中使用的可渗透介质流动控制装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种流入控制装置,其利用位于流动空间中的可渗透介质控制流体流入井眼管材中。可渗透介质在流动空间中引起一预定压差。可渗透介质可以包括具有孔隙空间的独立元件和/或固态多孔部件。在多种配置中,可以在流动空间的上游设置过滤元件。在多种配置中,流动空间可以形成在与外壳相关联的插塞部件中。在某些实施例中,外壳中的节流元件例如止回阀,可以提供与井眼管材的孔的平行流体连通。另外,可以在流动空间中设置一闭塞体,其构造成在暴露于预设情况时分解。闭塞体临时密封流动空间,这样可以使管材的孔增压。
Description
技术领域
本发明总的来说涉及用于有选择地控制流体流入到井眼的开采管柱中的系统和方法。
背景技术
烃类诸如油和气是从地下地层利用钻进地层的井眼开采的。这样的井通常通过沿着井眼长度放置一套管(casing)并在临近各个这样的开采区的套管上钻孔以将地层流体(例如烃类)抽取到井眼内来完成。这些开采区有时通过在开采区之间安装一封隔器而彼此分开。从各开采区进入井眼的流体被吸入延伸到地表的管材。所希望的是沿开采区具有基本上均匀的排放。不均匀的排放会导致不希望有的状况,例如侵袭性气锥或水锥。如果是采油井,例如,气锥会导致气体流入井眼内,会显著减少石油开采。同样,水锥也会导致水流入油开采流量内,这也会降低开采油的数量和质量。因此,希望在整个开采区提供均匀的排放和/或能够在遭受不希望的水和/或气的流入的开采区内部有选择地关闭或减少流入。
本发明解决了先有技术的这些及其他需要。
发明内容
在多个方面,本发明提供了一种用于控制流体从地层流入到井眼管材内的流入控制装置。在一个实施例中,流入控制装置包括一流动空间,所述流动空间提供地层与井眼管材的孔之间的流体连通。可以在流动空间中设置可渗透介质,以在可渗透介质上引起一预定压差。例如,可渗透介质可具有构造成提供所希望的预定压差的孔隙度。在有些实施例中,可渗透介质可以包括多个基本上独立的元件,当设置在流动空间中时,这些元件之间具有孔隙空间。在其他实施例中,可渗透介质可以包括固态多孔部件。在其他实施例中,流动空间中的介质可包括材料组合。在一个实施例中,流入控制装置可以包括沿井眼管材设置的外壳。流动空间可以形成在外壳中。在有些配置中,可以在流入控制装置的流动空间的上游设置一过滤元件。在一个配置中,流动空间可以形成在与外壳相关联的插塞部件中。在某些应用中,插塞部件是可移除的。在某些实施例中,外壳中的节流元件可以提供与井眼管材的孔的平行流体连通。例如,一止回阀可以构造成在流入控制装置中达到预设压力时打开。另外,可以在流动空间中设置一闭塞体(occlusion body),其构造成在暴露于预设情况时分解。闭塞体临时密封流动空间,这样可以使管材的孔增压。
在多个方面,本发明提供了一种用于控制流体从地层流入到井眼管材内的系统。该系统可以包括沿井眼管材的一段设置的多个流入控制装置。各流入控制装置可以包括在地层与井眼管材的流动孔之间的流动路径中设置的可渗透介质,以控制流动特性。流动特性可以是下列中的一个或多个:(i)压力、(ii)流量和(iii)流体组分。在一个配置中,各可渗透介质的孔隙度构造成沿着该段井眼管材产生基本上均匀的流动特性。在某些配置中,可以在多个流入控制装置中的一个或多个的上游设置过滤元件。可渗透介质可以包括多个构造成当设置在流动空间中时其间具有孔隙空间的基本上独立的元件和/或具有孔的基本上固态的部件。
在多个方面中,本发明提供了一种用于控制流体从地层流入到井眼管材内的方法。该方法可包括:经由一流动空间提供地层与井眼管材的孔之间的流体连通;和将可渗透介质设置在流动空间中。可渗透介质可具有构造成在可渗透介质上引起预定压差的孔隙度。
应当明白,本发明更重要的特征的例子概述得相当宽泛,以便可以更好地理解下述的详细说明书以及可以领悟对本领域做出的贡献。当然,本发明还具有附加特征,这将在下文描述,其形成了附加于此的权利要求的主题。
附图说明
参照下列详细说明书,并结合附图,本领域普通技术人员将更容易领悟和更好地理解本发明的有点和其他方面,其中贯穿附图中所示的几个视图,同样的参考标记表示同样或类似的元件,以及其中:
图1是示例性多区井眼和开采组件的示意性正视图,所述组件结合有依照本发明的一个实施例的流入控制系统;
图2是示例性裸井开采组件的示意性正视图,所述组件结合有依照本发明的一个实施例的流入控制系统;
图3是依照本发明的一个实施例制成的示例性开采控制装置的示意性横截面视图;
图4是示例性开采控制装置的示意性横截面图,其使用了依照本发明的一个实施例制成的插塞部件;和
图5是图4实施例的示意性端视图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于控制烃类开采井的开采的装置和方法。本发明容许不同形式的实施例。在视图中显示以及在此详细描述的是本发明的具体实施方式,应理解:本发明被认为是本发明原理的范例,而不是将本发明限制于在此显示和描述的内容。进一步,虽然实施例描述为可以具有一个或多个特征或者两个或更多个特征的组合,但是这样的特征或特征组合不应当看作是根本的,除非另有明确指出。
首先参见图1,显示了示例性的井眼10,其钻穿地层12进入一对地层14、16,从该对地层14、16中有望开采烃类。井眼10中装入金属套管,这是本领域中众所周知的,若干个穿孔18穿透并延伸到地层14、16中,这样开采出的流体可以从地层14、16流入井眼10中。井眼10具有一偏向的或基本上水平的分支19。井眼10具有后级开采组件,整体标记为附图标记20,其通过从井眼10的地表26上的井头24向下延伸的井眼管柱22设置在井眼中。开采组件20沿其长度限定一内部轴向流动孔28。在开采组件20与井眼套管之间限定有环空30。开采组件20具有一偏向的、基本上水平的部分32,所述水平的部分32沿着井眼10的偏向分支19延伸。开采装置34位于沿开采组件20的选定点上。可选地,各开采装置34在井眼10内由一对封隔器装置36隔离。虽然在图1中仅显示了两个开采装置34,但是,实际上,沿着水平部分32可以串联布置大量这样的开采装置。
各开采装置34以开采控制装置38为特点,所述开采控制装置38用于支配流入开采装置20中的一种或多种流体的一个或多个方面。在此所使用的术语″流体″包括液体、气体、烃类、多相流体、两种或更多种流体的混合物、水、盐水、工程流体诸如钻井泥浆、从地表喷射的流体诸如水、以及天然存在的流体诸如油和气。另外,涉及到水,其应当解释为还包括水基流体;例如盐水或咸水。依照本发明的实施例,开采控制装置38可具有若干个确保有选择地操作和控制由此通过的流体流动的替换结构。
图2显示了示例性裸井井眼配置11,其中可使用本发明的开采装置。裸井井眼11的结构和操作在大多数方面类似于前述的井眼10。但是,井眼配置11具有未下套管的钻孔,该钻孔直接通到地层14、16。所以,开采出的流体直接从地层14、16流入到限定在开采组件21与井眼11的壁之间的环空30中。没有穿孔,裸井封隔器36可用来隔离开采控制装置38。开采控制装置的特性设计成引导流体直接从地层16流入到最近的开采装置34,由此形成均衡流。在有些情况下,封隔器可以从裸眼完井省略掉。
现在参考图3,显示了用于控制流体从储层流入开采管柱内的开采控制装置100的一个实施例。该流动控制可以随地层流体的一个或多个特征或参数(包括含水率、流体速度、气体含量等等)而变化。此外,控制装置100可以沿开采井的一段分布,以在多个位置提供流体控制。这可有利于例如在水平井的″跟部″的流量可能出现大于水平井的″趾部″的情况下均衡油的开采流量。通过适当构造开采控制装置100,例如通过压力均衡或通过限制气或水的流入,井所有者可以增大储油层高效排放的可能性。下文论述了示例性的开采控制装置。
在一个实施例中,开采控制装置100包括用于减少流体中夹带的颗粒数量和尺寸的颗粒控制装置110和控制来自地层的总体排放速度的流入控制装置120。颗粒控制装置110可包括已知装置,例如砂筛和相联的碎石包(gravel packs)。在实施例中,流入控制装置120运用可渗透介质来建立预定压降,以帮助控制流入流量。说明性的实施例描述如下。
一示例性的流入控制装置120通过引导流入的流体穿过一个或多个管道122,建立用于控制流入的压降,所述管道122包括有可渗透介质124。管道122形成流动空间,该流动空间将流体从流入控制装置120的外部输送到开口126,所述开口126引导流体进入井眼管材、例如管柱22(图1)的流动孔102。在许多方面,达西定律可用来确定管道122和可渗透介质124的尺寸及其他特性,以产生所选定的压降。众所周知,达西定律是通过可渗透介质的瞬时排出率、流体粘度和给定距离上的压降之间的比例关系的公式:
这里,Q是总排量,κ是可渗透介质的渗透率,A是流动横截面积,(P2-P1)是压降,μ是流体粘度,L是管道长度。因为渗透率、流动横截面积和管道长度是流入控制装置120的特征,所以流入控制装置120可以构造成对于给定的流体类型和流量提供一规定压降。
通过适当选择可渗透介质124的结构,可以控制管道122的渗透率。一般而言,沿管道122的表面面积值、管道122的流动横截面积、管道122的曲率连同其他因素一起决定了管道122的渗透率。在一个实施例中,可以利用封装在管道122内的元件形成可渗透介质124。所述元件可以是粒状元件,例如封装的滚珠支撑件,珠子,或小弹丸,或纤维元件如″钢丝棉″,或任何形成流体可以通过其流动的孔隙空间的其他这样的元件。元件也可以是布置成容许流经管道122的毛细管。在其他实施例中,可渗透介质124可以包括一个或多个其中形成孔的主体。例如,主体可以是海绵状的物体或大量穿孔的过滤器式元件,应该明白,适当选择物体如珠子的尺寸,孔或穿孔的数量、形状和尺寸,毛细管的直径和数量等等,针对所选择的压降可以得到所期望的渗透率。
现在参考图4和图5,显示了流入控制装置140的另一个实施例,所述流入控制装置140通过输送流入的流体穿过一排插塞元件而建立压降,每个插塞元件用数字142标记。各插塞元件142包括可渗透介质144。插塞元件142可以形成为具有充满元件148的孔146的管状部件。插塞元件142可以设置在外壳150中,所述外壳150可以形成为围绕井眼管材如管柱22(图1)的环或套环。。四个插塞元件142的描绘纯粹是任意的。根据需要,可使用更多或更少数量的插塞元件142,以满足特定应用。外壳150可以连接于颗粒控制装置110(图3),或者直接地或者利用适配器环152。另外,外壳150还可以包括进入孔154,用于提供通向外壳内部的入口。节流孔156提供了流入控制装置140与管柱22(图1)的流动孔102之间的流体连通。
现在参考图5,在某些实施例中,流动控制元件158可用来在流入控制装置140上保持一预定流动情况。例如,流动控制元件158可以是止回阀、易碎元件或在暴露于预设压差时打开的其他装置。在一个方案中,流动控制元件158可以构造成在流入控制装置140上存在足够的压差时打开。这样的压差可以与由于可渗透介质144的阻塞引起的流过插塞元件142的流量的显著减少相关联。允许一定受控制的流体在这样的情形下流入,对保持高效排放有用。
在某些实施例中,在外壳150中可设置有闭塞体164,以临时阻塞流体流过流入控制装置140。闭塞体164可以由在出现预定情况时破裂、溶解、破碎、熔化或其他方式分解的材料形成。在有些实施例中,闭塞体164可以设置在如图所示的插塞部件142下游或者设置在插塞部件142的上游。在其他实施例中,闭塞体164可以是填充插塞元件142的孔隙空间的材料。在将流入控制装置140部署或安装到井内的过程中,闭塞体164允许在流入控制装置140上存在较高的压差。在安装期间这是有好处的,因为井需要较高的压力来致动阀、滑片、封隔器及其他类型的液压致动完井设备。一旦完成给定的完井活动,闭塞体164就可以由于暴露于诸如油的流体,或暴露于井眼环境(例如高压或高温),或暴露于井下所抽吸的材料而分解。
在运行期间,流体从地层经过颗粒控制装置110流入所述流入控制装置140。当流体流过插塞部件142中的可渗透介质时,产生压降,其导致流体流速减小。此外,正如后面要更详细地论述的,与流入控制装置相关联的背压帮助地层保持高效排放模式。
在有些实施例中,流入控制装置例如流入控制装置120或140,可以构造成对于给定的流体具有一预设压降。在其他实施例中,流入控制装置可以构造成″实地″调谐或配置以提供选定压降。例如,外壳150可以构造成具有若干个用于接收插塞元件142的插孔160。将插塞元件142设置在每个可利用的插孔160中,可以最大化流动管道的数量并提供最低压降。为增大压降,一个或多个插孔160可以装有一″盲板″或停止元件以阻塞流体流动。因而,在一个配置中,改变插塞元件142的数量,可用来控制由流入控制装置产生的压差。另一个配置可以包括构造外壳150,以接收具有不同流动特性的插塞元件142。例如,第一插塞元件142可以具有第一压降,第二插塞元件142可以具有大于第一压降的第二压降,第三插塞元件142可以具有大于第二压降的第三压降。压降的变化可以通过例如改变多孔材料的特性或插塞元件142的长度来控制。应当明白,可以改变插塞元件142的数量和/或特性的流入控制装置可以在井现场配置或在井现场再配置以提供压差和背压,从而对于给定储层实现所期望的流动和排放特性。
还应当明白,插塞元件142仅仅是可用来使可渗透介质介于从地层到井眼管材的流动中的结构的说明。例如,外壳可以包括用于接收一个或多个串联对齐的多孔盘的流动通道。可以通过改变盘的数量和/或盘的渗透率控制压降。在另一个变形中,外壳可以包括一流动腔,所述流动腔可以填充或塞入诸如球形部件的元件。可以通过改变球形部件的直径控制压降。在其他变形中,可以使用两个或更多个介质。例如,这样的介质可以包括毛细管、粒状元件和/或海绵状材料的组合。
进一步,应当理解,图1和图2仅仅是用来对应用了本发明的教导的开采系统的说明。例如,在某些开采系统中,井眼10、11可以仅仅利用套管或衬管将开采出的流体输送到地表。可以应用本发明的教导来控制到那些及其他井眼管材的流动。
为了清楚和简洁起见,上面的说明书中省略了对管状元件之间的大部分螺纹连接、弹力密封如O形环及其他更容易理解的技术的描述。进一步,诸如″阀″的术语以它们最宽泛的意思使用,不局限于任何特定类型或构造。为便于说明和描述,上文的描述针对的是本发明的特定实施例。但是,对本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在没有背离本发明的范围的情况下,可以对上述实施例进行许多修改和变化。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于控制流体从地层流入井眼管材中的设备,其包括:
(a)构造成在地层与井眼管材的孔之间提供流体连通的流动空间;和
(b)流动空间中的可渗透介质,所述可渗透介质具有构造成在可渗透介质上引起预定压差的孔隙度。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中,可渗透介质包括多个被构造成当设置在流动空间中时其间具有孔隙空间的基本上独立的元件。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中,可渗透介质包括具有孔的基本上固态的部件。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备,还包括沿着井眼管材设置的外壳,流动空间形成在外壳中。
5.如权利要求4所述的设备,还包括处于流动空间中的闭塞体,所述闭塞体构造成在暴露于预设情况时分解。
6.如权利要求4所述的设备,还包括与外壳相关联的插塞部件,所述流动空间形成在插塞部件中。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备,还包括构造成提供与井眼管材的孔的平行流体连通的节流元件。
8.如权利要求1所述的设备,还包括在流动空间的上游设置的过滤元件。
9.一种用于控制流体从地层流入到井眼管材内的系统,其包括:
(a)沿井眼管材的一段设置的多个流入控制装置,备流入控制装置包括在地层与井眼管材的流动孔之间的流动路径中设置的可渗透介质,以控制流动特性。
10.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中,流动特性可以是(i)压力、(ii)流量和(iii)流体组分其中之一。
11.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中,各可渗透介质的孔隙度构造成沿着该段井眼管材产生基本上均匀的流动特性。
12.如权利要求9所述的系统,还包括在多个流入控制装置中的至少一个的上游设置的过滤元件。
13.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中,可渗透介质包括多个构造成当设置在流动空间中时其间具有孔隙空间的基本上独立的元件。
14.如权利要求9所述的系统,其中,可渗透介质包括具有孔的基本上固态的部件。
15.一种用于控制流体从地层流入到井眼管材内的方法,其包括:
(a)经由一流动空间提供在地层与井眼管材的孔之间的流体连通;和
(b)在流动空间中设置可渗透介质,所述可渗透介质具有构造成在可渗透介质上引起预定压差的孔隙度。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中,可渗透介质包括多个构造成当设置在流动空间中时其间具有孔隙空间的基本上独立的元件。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中,可渗透介质包括具有孔的基本上固态的部件。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法,还包括在流动空间的上游设置过滤元件。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,还包括在流动空间中设置有闭塞体,所述闭塞体构造成在暴露于预设情况时分解。
20.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中,流动空间形成在与外壳相关联的插塞部件中。
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US11/875,584 US7918272B2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2007-10-19 | Permeable medium flow control devices for use in hydrocarbon production |
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- 2008-10-15 MX MX2010004215A patent/MX2010004215A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-10-15 GB GB1006019A patent/GB2468217B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-10-15 CN CN200880112208A patent/CN101828002A/zh active Pending
- 2008-10-15 WO PCT/US2008/079947 patent/WO2009052149A2/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EA201000606A1 (ru) | 2010-10-29 |
CA2701801A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
WO2009052149A2 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
WO2009052149A3 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
MX2010004215A (es) | 2010-05-05 |
NO20100677L (no) | 2010-07-15 |
GB201006019D0 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
GB2468217B (en) | 2011-03-02 |
US20090101342A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
GB2468217A (en) | 2010-09-01 |
AU2008312545A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
BRPI0817825A2 (pt) | 2015-03-31 |
US7918272B2 (en) | 2011-04-05 |
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