CN101827598B - 阿片样物质与前列腺素化合物的药物组合 - Google Patents
阿片样物质与前列腺素化合物的药物组合 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101827598B CN101827598B CN2008800232764A CN200880023276A CN101827598B CN 101827598 B CN101827598 B CN 101827598B CN 2008800232764 A CN2008800232764 A CN 2008800232764A CN 200880023276 A CN200880023276 A CN 200880023276A CN 101827598 B CN101827598 B CN 101827598B
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Abstract
本发明提供了包含阿片样物质和式(I)的前列腺素化合物的药物组合。本发明的组合可用于阿片样物质应用的适应症例如各种病因的疼痛。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于治疗各种病因的疼痛的包含阿片样物质(opioid)和特定前列腺素化合物的药物组合。
内源性阿片样物质系统是中枢神经系统中的主要抑制系统,并且在疼痛调节中起关键作用。在实验模型以及在临床中,阿片样物质受体的激活导致痛觉缺失和抗痛觉过敏。阿片样物质的应用受到多种已知副作用和缺点的影响,所述副作用和缺点是例如在施用药物后由于镇静导致的注意力和集中降低、便秘和呼吸抑制,以及药物滥用和药物成瘾风险。吗啡是用于治疗中等或严重癌症疼痛的标准药物,羟可待酮是吗啡的替代药物。据报道,羟可待酮引起比吗啡更严重的便秘。
前列腺素(下文中称为PG)是有机羧酸类化合物的成员,其包含在人或其他哺乳动物的组织或器官内,并且表现出多种生理活性。天然存在的PG(原始PG)一般具有如式(A)所示的前列腺烷酸骨架:
根据结构以及5元环上的取代基,PG被分为几种类型,例如,
A系列前列腺素(PGA);
B系列前列腺素(PGB);
C系列前列腺素(PGC);
D系列前列腺素(PGD);
E系列前列腺素(PGE);
F系列前列腺素(PGF);
等。此外,它们被分类为含有13,14-双键的PG1;含有5,6-和13,14-双键的PG2;以及含有5,6-、13,14-和17,18-双键的PG3。已知PG具有多种药理和生理活性,例如血管舒张,诱导炎症,血小板聚集,刺激子宫肌肉,刺激肠肌肉活动,抗溃疡作用等。
U.S.专利5,225,439、5,166,174、5,284,858、5,428,062、5,380,709、5,876,034和6,265,440描述了一些能有效用于治疗溃疡例如十二指肠溃疡和胃溃疡的前列腺素E化合物。
Ueno等人的U.S.专利5,317,032描述了前列腺素类似物athartics,包括二环互变异构体的存在,并且Ueno的U.S.专利6,414,016描述了具有作为抗便秘剂的显著活性的二环互变异构体。被一个或多个卤素原子取代的二环互变异构体可以以小剂量用于缓解便秘。尤其是在C-16位具有氟原子时,可以以小剂量用于缓解便秘。
Ueno等人的U.S.专利6,982,283描述了用于治疗药物诱导的便秘的前列腺素化合物。
Ueno等人的U.S.专利7064148描述了前列腺素化合物打开和激活氯离子通道,尤其是ClC通道,更尤其是ClC-2通道。
Ueno的U.S专利公开2003/0166632描述了ClC-2通道打开剂,其能有效用于治疗对于ClC-2通道打开有反应的疾病或病症。
Ueno等人的U.S.专利公开2003/0119898描述了用于治疗和预防便秘的卤代前列腺素类似物的特定组合物。
Ueno等人的U.S.专利公开2004/0138308描述了氯离子通道打开剂,尤其是前列腺素化合物,其可用于治疗腹部不适,以及用于治疗功能性胃肠道障碍,例如肠易激性综合征和功能性消化不良。
发明公开
本发明涉及药物组合,所述药物组合包含:
(a)阿片样物质;和
(b)式(I)代表的前列腺素(PG)化合物:
其中L、M和N是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、羟基(低级)烷基、低级烷酰氧基或氧代基,其中L和M当中至少有一个不是氢,并且所示5元环可具有至少一个双键;
A是-CH3或-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH或其官能衍生物;
B是单键、-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH2-、-CH2-CH=CH-、-C≡C-CH2-或-CH2-C≡C-;
Z是
或单键
其中R4和R5是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、低级烷氧基或羟基(低级)烷基,其中R4和R5不同时是羟基和低级烷氧基;
R1是饱和或不饱和二价低级或中级脂族烃残基,所述脂族烃残基是未取代的或者被卤素、烷基、羟基、氧代基、芳基或杂环基取代,并且该脂族烃中的至少一个碳原子任选被氧、氮或硫替代;并且
Ra是饱和或不饱和低级或中级脂族烃残基,所述脂族烃残基是未取代的或者被以下基团取代:卤素、氧代基、羟基、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、低级烷酰氧基、环(低级)烷基、环(低级)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂环基或杂环氧基;低级烷氧基;低级烷酰氧基;环(低级)烷基;环(低级)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;杂环基;杂环氧基,条件是:Ra被卤素取代,或者Z是C=O。
通过将阿片样物质与式(I)的PG化合物组合,阿片样物质的作用增强和/或阿片样物质的不利副作用例如便秘被良好地抑制。
尤其是,本发明还涉及药物组合,所述药物组合包含:
(a)羟可待酮,和
(b)式(I)所示前列腺素(PG)化合物。
本发明的另一个方面提供了药物组合物,所述组合物包含:
(a)药物有效量的阿片样物质例如羟可待酮,和
(b)药物有效量的式(I)所示前列腺素(PG)化合物
以及可药用赋形剂。
根据本发明,包含两种化合物的组合物可以配制成单一剂型或分隔的剂型。
此外,本发明提供了治疗作为阿片样物质应用的一种适应症的病症或疾病的方法,所述方法包括给有此需要的患者施用以下成分的组合:
(a)药物有效量的阿片样物质例如羟可待酮,和
(b)药物有效量的式(I)所示前列腺素(PG)化合物。
根据本发明,(a)和(b)化合物可以同时、分开或顺序给药。
发明详述
(a)阿片样物质
本文所用术语“阿片样物质”是指具有吗啡样作用的所有天然以及合成药物。适用于本发明的阿片样物质尤其选自阿芬他尼、烯丙罗定、阿法罗定、苄胺哌替啶、苄基吗啡、苯腈米特、丁丙诺啡、环丁羟吗喃、氯尼他秦、可待因、cyclorphan、去氧吗啡、右吗拉米、地佐辛、二苯丙二胺、二氢可待因、二氢吗啡、依他佐辛、乙基吗啡、芬太尼、二氢可待因酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、左旋苯酰甲吗喃、左啡烷、罗芬太尼、甲基吗啡、吗啡、necomorphine、氨苯乙酮、去甲吗啡、阿片、羟可待酮、氢羟吗啡酮、福尔可定、普罗法多、舒芬太尼、其可药用盐及其混合物。阿片样物质的优选实例是羟可待酮。
(b)式(I)化合物
本文所用的前列腺素化合物的命名是基于在上面式(A)中显示的前列腺烷酸的编号系统。
式(A)显示了C-20碳原子的基本骨架,但是本发明不限于具有相同碳原子数目的那些化合物。在式(A)中,构成PG化合物的基本骨架的碳原子的编号在羧酸处开始(编为1位),并且α-链中的碳原子朝着5元环编为2-7位,该环中的原子编为8-12位,ω-链中的原子编为13-20位。当α-链中的碳原子数目减少时,在从2-位开始的顺序中,该编号被删除;并且当α-链中的碳原子数目增加时,化合物被命名为在2-位具有各取代基以替代羧基(C-1)的取代的化合物。类似地。当ω-链中的碳原子数目减少时,在从20-位开始的顺序中,该编号被删除;并且当ω-链中的碳原子数目增加时,超过20-位的碳原子被命名为取代基。除非另有说明, 化合物的立体化学与上面式(A)所示的立体化学相同。
通常,每一术语PGD、PGE和PGF代表在9-位和/或11-位具有羟基的PG化合物,但是在本说明书中,这些术语还包括在9-位和/或11-位具有不是羟基的取代基的化合物。这样的化合物称为9-去羟基-9-取代的-PG化合物或者11-去羟基-11-取代的-PG化合物。具有氢以替代羟基的PG化合物简称为9-或11-去氧-PG化合物。
如上所述,PG化合物的命名是基于前列腺烷酸骨架。然而,当化合物具有与前列腺素类似的部分结构时,可以使用“PG”的缩写。因此,其中α-链延长了2个碳原子,也就是在α-链中具有9个碳原子的PG化合物命名为2-去羧基-2-(2-羧基乙基)-PG化合物。类似地,在α-链中具有11个碳原子的PG化合物命名为2-去羧基-2-(4-羧基丁基)-PG化合物。此外,其中ω-链延长了2个碳原子,也就是在ω-链中具有10个碳原子的PG化合物命名为20-乙基-PG化合物。然而,这些化合物也可以根据IUPAC命名法则进行命名。
类似物(包括取代的衍生物)或衍生物的实例包括其中在α-链末端的羧基被酯化的PG化合物;α-链延长的化合物;其生理可接受的盐;在2-3位具有双键或者在5-6位具有三键的化合物,在3、5、6、16、17、18、19和/或20位具有取代基的化合物,以及在9和/或11位具有低级烷基或羟基(低级)烷基以替代羟基的化合物。
根据本发明,在3、17、18和/或19位的优选取代基包括具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,尤其是甲基和乙基。在16-位的优选取代基包括低级烷基例如甲基和乙基,羟基,卤素原子例如氯和氟,以及芳氧基例如三氟甲基苯氧基。在17-位的优选取代基包括低级烷基例如甲基和乙基,羟基,卤素原子例如氯和氟,芳氧基例如三氟甲基苯氧基。在20-位的优选取代基包括饱和或不饱和低级烷基例如C1-4烷基,低级烷氧基例如C1-4烷氧基,和低级烷氧基烷基例如C1-4烷氧基-C1-4烷基。在5-位的优选取代基包括卤素原子例如氯和氟。在6-位的优选取代基包括形成羰基的氧代基。在9和/或11-位具有羟基、低级烷基或羟基(低级)烷基取代基的PG的立体化学可以是α、β或其混合物。
此外,上述类似物或衍生物可以是在ω-链末端具有烷氧基、环烷基、环烷基氧基、苯氧基或苯基的化合物,其中该ω-链短于原始PG。
在本发明中使用的特定前列腺素化合物由式(I)代表:
其中L、M和N是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、羟基(低级)烷基、低级烷酰氧基或氧代基,其中L和M当中至少有一个不是氢,并且所示5元环可具有至少一个双键;
A是-CH3或-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH或其官能衍生物;
B是单键、-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH2-、-CH2-CH=CH-、-C≡C-CH2-或-CH2-C≡C-;
Z是
或单键,
其中R4和R5是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、低级烷氧基或羟基(低级)烷基,其中R4和R5不同时是羟基和低级烷氧基;
R1是饱和或不饱和二价低级或中级脂族烃残基,所述脂族烃残基是未取代的或者被卤素、烷基、羟基、氧代基、芳基或杂环基取代,并且该脂族烃中的至少一个碳原子任选被氧、氮或硫替代;并且
Ra是饱和或不饱和低级或中级脂族烃残基,所述脂族烃残基是未取代的或者被以下基团取代:卤素、氧代基、羟基、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、低级烷酰氧基、环(低级)烷基、环(低级)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂环基或杂环氧基;低级烷氧基;低级烷酰氧基;环(低级)烷基;环(低级)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;杂环基;杂环氧基,条件是:Ra被卤素取代,或者Z是C=O。
用于本发明的优选化合物由式(II)代表:
其中L和M是氢原子、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、羟基(低级)烷基、低级烷酰氧基或氧代基,其中L和M当中至少有一个不是氢,并且所述5元环可具有一个或多个双键;
A是-CH3或-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH或其官能衍生物;
B是单键、-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-、-CH=CH-CH2-、-CH2-CH=CH-、-C≡C-CH2-或-CH2-C≡C-;
Z是
或单键
其中R4和R5是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、低级烷氧基或羟基(低级)烷基,其中R4和R5不同时是羟基和低级烷氧基;
X1和X2是氢、低级烷基或卤素;
R1是饱和或不饱和二价低级或中级脂族烃残基,所述脂族烃残基是未取代的或者被卤素、烷基、羟基、氧代基、芳基或杂环基取代,并且该脂族烃中的至少一个碳原子任选被氧、氮或硫替代;
R2是单键或低级亚烷基;并且
R3是低级烷基、低级烷氧基、低级烷酰氧基、环(低级)烷基、环(低级)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂环基或杂环氧基,条件是:X1和X2中的一个被卤素取代,或者Z是C=O。
在上式中,在R1和Ra的定义中,术语“不饱和”旨在包括至少一个或多个双键和/或三键,所述双键和/或三键单独地、独立地或连续存在于主链和/或侧链的碳原子之间。根据常用命名法则,在两个连续位置 之间的不饱和键通过指出两个位置的较低编号来表示,在两个远端位置之间的不饱和键通过指出两个位置来表示。
术语“低级或中级脂族烃”是指具有1-14个碳原子(对于侧链,1-3个碳原子是优选的),优选1-10个碳原子,尤其是1-8个碳原子的直链或支链烃基。
术语“卤素原子”包括氟、氯、溴和碘。
除非另有说明,否则在本说明书中,术语“低级”旨在包括具有1-6个碳原子的基团。
术语“低级烷基”是指含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃基,并且包括例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基和己基。
术语“低级亚烷基”是指含有1-6个碳原子的直链或支链二价饱和烃基,并且包括例如亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、亚异丙基、亚丁基、亚亚丁基、亚叔丁基、亚戊基和亚己基。
术语“低级烷氧基”是指低级烷基-O-,其中低级烷基如上所定义。
术语“羟基(低级)烷基”是指被至少一个羟基取代的如上所定义的低级烷基,例如羟基甲基、1-羟基乙基、2-羟基乙基和1-甲基-1-羟基乙基。
术语“低级烷酰氧基”是指由式RCO-O-代表的基团,其中RCO-是通过将如上所定义的低级烷基氧化而形成的酰基,例如乙酰基。
术语“环(低级)烷基”是指通过如上所定义的,但是含有3个或更多个碳原子的如上所定义的低级烷基的环合而形成的环状基团,并且包括例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
术语“环(低级)烷氧基”是指环(低级)烷基-O-,其中环(低级)烷基如上所定义。
术语“芳基”可包括未取代或取代的芳族烃环(优选单环基团),例如苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基。取代基的实例是卤素原子和卤代(低级)烷基,其中卤素原子和低级烷基如上所定义。
术语“芳氧基”是指由式ArO-代表的基团,其中Ar是如上所定义的芳基。
术语“杂环基”可包括单环至三环,优选单环杂环基,所述杂环基是5-14元,优选5-10元环,所述环具有任选取代的碳原子和1-4个, 优选1-3个一种或两种选自氮原子、氧原子和硫原子的杂原子。杂环基的实例包括呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、呋咱基、吡喃基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、2-吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基、2-咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、2-吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、哌啶子基、哌嗪基、吗啉代、吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、嘌呤基、喹唑啉基、咔唑基、吖啶基、菲啶基、苯并咪唑基、苯并咪唑啉基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻嗪基。对于杂环基,取代基的实例包括卤素原子以及卤素取代的低级烷基,其中卤素原子和低级烷基如上所述。
术语“杂环氧基”是指由式HcO-代表的基团,其中Hc是如上所述的杂环基。
术语A的“官能衍生物”包括盐(优选可药用盐)、醚、酯和酰胺。
合适的“可药用盐”包括常用的无毒盐,例如与无机碱形成的盐,例如碱金属盐(例如钠盐和钾盐),碱土金属盐(例如钙盐和镁盐),铵盐;或与有机碱形成的盐,例如胺盐(例如甲基胺盐、二甲基胺盐、环己基胺盐、苄基胺盐、哌啶盐、乙二胺盐、乙醇胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、三乙醇胺盐、三(羟基甲基氨基)乙烷盐、单甲基-单乙醇胺盐、普鲁卡因盐和咖啡因盐),碱性氨基酸盐(例如精氨酸盐和赖氨酸盐),四烷基铵盐等。这些盐可以通过常规方法制得,例如通过盐交换而由相应的酸和碱制得。
醚的实例包括烷基醚,例如低级烷基醚例如甲基醚、乙基醚、丙基醚、异丙基醚、丁基醚、异丁基醚、叔丁基醚、戊基醚和1-环丙基乙基醚;和中级或高级烷基醚例如辛基醚、二乙基己基醚、月桂基醚和鲸蜡基醚;不饱和醚例如油基醚和亚麻基醚;低级链烯基醚例如乙烯基醚、烯丙基醚;低级炔基醚例如乙炔基醚和丙炔基醚;羟基(低级)烷基醚例如羟基乙基醚和羟基异丙基醚;低级烷氧基(低级)烷基醚例如甲氧基甲基醚和1-甲氧基乙基醚;任选取代的芳基醚例如苯基醚、甲苯磺酰基醚、叔丁基苯基醚、水杨基醚、3,4-二甲氧基苯基醚和苯甲酰氨基苯基醚;和芳基(低级)烷基醚例如苄基醚、三苯甲基醚和二苯甲基醚。
酯的实例包括脂族酯,例如低级烷基酯例如甲基酯、乙基酯、丙基酯、异丙基酯、丁基酯、异丁基酯、叔丁基酯、戊基酯和1-环丙基乙基酯;低级链烯基酯例如乙烯基酯和烯丙基酯;低级炔基酯例如乙炔基酯和丙炔基酯;羟基(低级)烷基酯例如羟基乙基酯;低级烷氧基(低级)烷 基酯例如甲氧基甲基酯和1-甲氧基乙基酯;和任选取代的芳基酯例如苯基酯、甲苯基酯、叔丁基苯基酯、水杨基酯、3,4-二甲氧基苯基酯和苯甲酰基苯基酯;和芳基(低级)烷基酯例如苄基酯、三苯甲基酯和二苯甲基酯。
A的酰胺是指由式-CONR′R″表示的基团,其中R′和R″分别是氢、低级烷基、芳基、烷基-或芳基-磺酰基、低级链烯基和低级炔基,并且包括例如低级烷基酰胺例如甲基酰胺、乙基酰胺、二甲基酰胺和二乙基酰胺;芳基酰胺例如N-酰基苯胺和N-酰基甲苯胺;和烷基-或芳基-磺酰基酰胺例如甲基磺酰基酰胺、乙基磺酰基-酰胺和甲苯基磺酰基酰胺。
L和M的优选实例包括氢、羟基和氧代基,尤其是,M是羟基,并且L是氧代基,其具有所谓的PGE型5-元环结构。
A的优选实例是-COOH、其可药用盐、酯或酰胺。
X1和X2的优选实例都是卤素原子,更优选氟原子,所谓的16,16-二氟型。
优选的R1是含有1-10个碳原子,优选6-10个碳原子的烃残基。此外,脂族烃中的至少一个碳原子任选被氧、氮或硫替代。
R1的实例包括例如下列:
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-,
-CH2-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-,
-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-O-CH2-,
-CH2-C≡C-CH2-O-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-,
-CH2-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-,
-CH2-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,和
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-。
优选的Ra是含有1-10个碳原子,更优选1-8个碳原子的烃。Ra可具有一个或两个含有一个碳原子的侧链。
前列腺素化合物的最优选的实施方案是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-前列腺素E1化合物或13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-18-甲基-前列腺素E1化合物。
在上式(I)和(II)中,环以及α-和/或ω链的构型可以与原始PG的构型相同或不同。然而,本发明还包括具有原始类型构型的化合物与非原始类型构型的化合物的混合物。
在本发明中,在13-位与14-位之间是二氢,并且在15-位是酮基(=O)的PG化合物可以通过在11-位的羟基与15-位的酮基之间形成半缩醛而处于酮基-半缩醛平衡。
例如,已经揭示了,当X1和X2都是卤素原子时,尤其是氟原子时,化合物含有互变异构体,二环化合物。
如果存在这样的互变异构体,两种互变异构体的比例根据分子其余部分的结构或所存在取代基的类型而改变。有时,相对于另一种异构体,一种异构体可以占主要。然而,应当理解,本发明包括两种异构体。
此外,用于本发明的15-酮基-PG化合物包括二环化合物及其类似物或衍生物。
该二环化合物由式(III)代表:
其中A是-CH3或-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH或其官能衍生物;
X1′和X2′是氢、低级烷基或卤素;
Y是
其中R4′和R5′是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、低级烷氧基或羟基(低级)烷基,其中R4′和R5′不同时是羟基和低级烷氧基。
R1是饱和或不饱和二价低级或中级脂族烃残基,所述脂族烃残基是未取代的或者被卤素、烷基、羟基、氧代基、芳基或杂环基取代,并且该脂族烃中的至少一个碳原子任选被氧、氮或硫替代;并且
R2′是饱和或不饱和低级或中级脂族烃残基所述脂族烃残基是未取代的或者被以下基团取代:卤素、氧代基、羟基、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、低级烷酰氧基、环(低级)烷基、环(低级)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂环基或杂环氧基;低级烷氧基;低级烷酰氧基;环(低级)烷基;环(低级)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;杂环基;杂环氧基。
R3′是氢、低级烷基、环(低级)烷基、芳基或杂环基。
此外,虽然用于本发明的化合物可以通过基于酮基型的式或者名称代表,无论是否存在异构体,但是应当注意,这样的结构或名称不是旨在排除半缩醛型化合物。
在本发明中,任何异构体,例如单独的互变异构体,其混合物,或旋光异构体,其混合物,外消旋混合物,以及其他立体异构体可以用于相同目的。
可药用赋形剂
根据本发明,所述组合可以配制成药物组合物。组合物可以配制成分别包含单独活性组分与可药用赋形剂的分隔剂型,或者配制成包含两种活性组分与可药用赋形剂的单一剂型。因此,可以根据所需的组合物形式来选择可药用赋形剂。根据本发明,“可药用赋形剂”是指惰性物质,所述惰性物质适于与本发明活性组分组合形成剂型。
例如,用于口服施用的本发明固体组合物可以包括片剂、制剂。粒剂等。在这样的固体组合物中,可以将一种或多种活性组分与至少一种非活性稀释剂混合,所述稀释剂是例如乳糖、甘露醇、葡萄糖、羟基丙基纤维素、微晶纤维素、淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、铝酸偏硅酸镁等。根据常规后处理,组合物可含有除了非活性稀释剂以外的添加剂,诸如,润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁;崩解剂;例如纤维性葡糖酸钙,稳定剂例如环糊精,例如α、β-或γ-环糊精;醚化环糊精例如二甲基-α-、二甲基-β-、三甲基-β-或羟基丙基-β-环糊精;支链环糊精例如葡糖基-、麦芽糖基-环糊精;甲酰基化环糊精,含有硫的环糊精;磷脂等。当使用上述环糊精时,有时可以形成化合物与环糊精的包涵物以提高稳定性。或者,有时可以使用磷脂以形成脂质体,带来提高的稳定性。
可以按照需要,用溶于胃或肠的膜,例如糖、明胶、羟丙基纤维素或邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素将片剂或丸剂包衣。此外,它们可以形成具有可吸收物质例如明胶的胶囊。优选地,将组合物配制成软明胶胶囊,所述胶囊具有特定前列腺素化合物与中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的液体内容物。用于本发明的中链脂肪酸甘油三酯的实例包括可具有支链的包含6-14个碳原子的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的甘油三酯。优选的脂肪酸是直链饱和脂肪酸,例如己酸(C6)、辛酸(C8)、癸酸(C10)、月桂酸(C12)和肉豆蔻酸(C14)。此外,可以组合使用两种或更多种中链脂肪酸甘油三酯。其他合适的赋形剂公开于出版的PCT申请WO 01/27099中。
用于口服的液体组合物可以是可药用的乳剂、溶液、悬浮液、糖浆剂或酏剂,以及常用的非活性稀释剂。除了非活性稀释剂以外,这样的组合物可以含有辅助剂例如润滑剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、助溶剂、抗氧化剂等。添加剂的详细描述可以选自在药物领域任何普通教科书中描述的那些。这样的液体组合物可以直接封装在软胶囊中。根据本发明用于胃肠外给药的溶液,例如栓剂、灌肠剂等包括灭菌的水或非水溶液、悬浮液、乳剂、洗涤剂等。水溶液和悬浮液包括例如蒸馏水、生理盐水和林格溶液。
非水溶液和悬浮液包括例如丙二醇,聚乙二醇,脂肪酸甘油三酯,和植物油例如橄榄油,醇例如乙醇,聚山梨醇酯等。这样的组合物可含有辅助剂例如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、分散剂、抗氧化剂等。
用于胃肠外给药的本发明可注射组合物的实例包括,灭菌水或非水溶液、悬浮液和乳剂。用于水溶液或悬浮液的稀释剂包括例如注射用蒸馏水、生理盐水和林格溶液。
用于溶液和悬浮液的非水稀释剂可以包括例如丙二醇,聚乙二醇,植物油例如橄榄油,醇例如乙醇和聚山梨醇酯等。组合物还可以包含添加剂例如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、分散剂等。它们可以通过经由例如细菌截留 滤器过滤,与稳定剂混合,或通过气体或放射性同位素放射灭菌来稳定。可注射组合物可以作为灭菌的粉末组合物来提供,所述粉末组合物在使用之前溶解在注射用灭菌溶剂中。
本发明的另一种剂型是栓剂或子宫托,其可以通过将活性组分混合到常规基质例如在体温下会软化的可可脂内来制得,并且可以使用具有适当软化温度的非离子性表面活性剂来提高吸收性。
根据本发明方法,本发明的组合可以通过口服或胃肠外给药,包括栓剂、灌肠剂等来全身或局部给药。可以施用单个或多个组合物来达到所需剂量。根据所述方法,组合使用的单独化合物可以同时、分开或顺序给药。
根据本发明,哺乳动物个体可以通过施用在本发明中使用的化合物来通过本发明治疗。哺乳动物个体可以是包括人在内的任何个体。化合物可以全身或局部施用。通常,可以通过以下方式来施用化合物:口服给药,静脉内注射(包括输注),皮下注射,直肠内给药,阴道内给药,经皮给药等。剂量可以根据动物的种类、年龄、体重、欲治疗的症状、所需疗效、给药途径、治疗期限等而改变。通过以下述日剂量每天全身组合给药1-4次或连续组合给药可以获得令人满意的效果:0.001-100000μg,更优选0.01-10000μg,尤其是0.1-1000μg特定前列腺素化合物与0.01-10000mg,更优选0.1-1000mg阿片样物质。
本文使用的术语“组合”是指将阿片样物质和特定前列腺素化合物以单一实体或剂量形式对患者同时给药,或者作为分开的实体对患者同时或没有任何特定时间限制的顺序给药,其中这样的给药在体内提供了两种组分的治疗有效水平,优选同时提供。
本发明的组合可用于治疗是阿片样物质应用的一种适应症的疾病或病症。例如,本发明的组合可用于治疗或控制各种病因的疼痛。
本文所用术语“治疗”包括病症的任何控制例如预防、养护或缓解,减轻病症和抑制进展。
术语“各种病因的疼痛”包括但不限于炎性疼痛、痛觉过敏以及特别是慢性疼痛,并且是指创伤后继发的疼痛,例如与烧伤、扭伤、骨折等有关的疼痛,手术介入后发生的疼痛,例如用作手术后镇痛剂,化疗诱导的疼痛,以及各种起源的炎性疼痛,例如骨和关节疼痛(骨关节炎),肌筋膜疼痛(肌肉损伤、纤维肌痛),下背痛,慢性炎性疼痛,慢性神经 病性疼痛,例如糖尿病性神经病,幻肢疼痛和手术期疼痛(普通手术、妇科手术),以及与例如绞痛、月经或癌症有关的疼痛。
通过下面的试验实施例来进一步详细描述本发明,然而,所述实施例不是限制本发明。
实施例
为了测定化合物1(13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-PGE1)与羟可待酮的组合抗羟可待酮诱导的严重便秘的优良效果,使用肠中石墨标记推进比例作为指数来评估便秘严重程度。给雄性Crlj:CD1(ICR)小鼠口服施用0.1mL石墨标记(含有1%黄芪胶的INK-30)。施用石墨标记之后,立即用口服施用的5mg/kg羟可待酮对动物进行治疗。羟可待酮的给药体积设定为5mL/kg;给予标准组的动物相同体积的0.5%CMC-Na。施用羟可待酮或0.5%CMC-Na之后,立即用化合物1治疗动物。化合物1的给药体积设定为5mL/kg;给标准组和对照组的动物施用相同体积的注射用水。施用石墨标记之后150分钟,立即通过颈椎脱臼法将动物安乐死,并且切开腹部。测定胃与盲肠之间的距离,以及石墨标记在肠中移动的距离。通过下式计算推进比例。
推进比例(%)=(石墨标记的移动距离/胃与盲肠之间的距离)×100
在标准组中,石墨标记推进比例是99.8±0.2%。在已经用单独的5mg/kg羟可待酮治疗的对照组中,石墨标记推进比例是62.3±5.6%。与标准组相比,在对照中,石墨标记推进比例是显著降低;这表明5mg/kg羟可待酮显著降低了肠中石墨标记推进比例。在用100μg/kg化合物1与5mg/kg羟可待酮治疗的组中,石墨标记推进比例是80.5±5.5%;与对照组相比,在该组中便秘得到显著改善。
这些结果表明了羟可待酮与化合物1的组合施用的有益效果。
表1.在小鼠中化合物1与羟可待酮的组合施用对于羟可待酮诱导的便秘的影响
测试组 | n | 化合物1的剂量 μg/kg | 羟可待酮的剂量 mg/kg | 石墨标记推进比例 平均值±S.E.,% |
标准组 | 15 | - | 0 | 99.8±0.2 |
对照组 | 15 | - | 5 | 62.3±5.6## |
化合物1 | 15 | 100 | 5 | 80.5±5.5* |
##p<0.01,与标准组相比;*p<0.05,与对照组相比。
Claims (31)
1.用于治疗作为阿片样物质应用的一种适应症的病症或疾病的药物组合,所述药物组合包含
(a)阿片样物质;和
(b)式(II)代表的13,14-二氢-16-单或二卤代-前列腺素化合物:
其中L和M是氢原子、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、羟基(低级)烷基、低级烷酰氧基或氧代基,其中L和M当中至少有一个不是氢,并且所述5元环可具有一个或多个双键;
A是-CH3或-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH或其官能衍生物;
B是-CH2-CH2-;
Z是C=O;
X1和X2是氢、低级烷基或卤素,条件是X1和X2中的至少一个是卤素;
R1是饱和或不饱和二价低级或中级脂族烃残基,所述脂族烃残基是未取代的或者被卤素、烷基、羟基、氧代基、芳基或杂环基取代,并且该脂族烃中的至少一个碳原子任选被氧、氮或硫替代;
R2是单键或低级亚烷基;并且
R3是低级烷基、低级烷氧基、低级烷酰氧基、环(低级)烷基、环(低级)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂环基或杂环氧基,条件是:X1和X2中的一个被卤素取代,或者Z是C=O,
其中,所述阿片样物质是羟可待酮或其可药用盐及其混合物。
2.权利要求1的组合,其中所述组合是用于治疗疼痛。
3.权利要求2的组合,其中所述疼痛是慢性疼痛。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是15-酮基-前列腺素化合物。
5.权利要求1-3任一项的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16-单或二卤代-前列腺素化合物。
6.权利要求1-3任一项的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-16-单或二氟-前列腺素化合物。
7.权利要求1-3任一项的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16-单或二氟-前列腺素化合物。
8.权利要求1-3任一项的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-16-单或二卤代-前列腺素E化合物。
9.权利要求1-3任一项的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16-单或二卤代-前列腺素E化合物。
10.权利要求1-3任一项的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-16,16-二氟-前列腺素E1化合物。
11.权利要求1-3任一项的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-前列腺素E1化合物。
12.权利要求1-3任一项的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-前列腺素E1化合物或13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-18-甲基-前列腺素E1化合物。
13.权利要求1-3任一项的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-前列腺素E1或13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-18-甲基-前列腺素E1。
14.权利要求1-13任一项的组合,其中所述阿片样物质是羟可待酮。
15.权利要求1-14任一项的组合,其中所述组合是用于同时、分开或顺序使用。
16.药物组合,所述药物组合包含
(a)阿片样物质;和
(b)式(II)代表的13,14-二氢-16-单或二卤代-前列腺素化合物:
其中L和M是氢原子、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、羟基(低级)烷基、低级烷酰氧基或氧代基,其中L和M当中至少有一个不是氢,并且所述5元环可具有一个或多个双键;
A是-CH3或-CH2OH、-COCH2OH、-COOH或其官能衍生物;
B是-CH2-CH2-;
Z是C=O;
X1和X2是氢、低级烷基或卤素,条件是X1和X2中的至少一个是卤素;
R1是饱和或不饱和二价低级或中级脂族烃残基,所述脂族烃残基是未取代的或者被卤素、烷基、羟基、氧代基、芳基或杂环基取代,并且该脂族烃中的至少一个碳原子任选被氧、氮或硫替代;
R2是单键或低级亚烷基;并且
R3是低级烷基、低级烷氧基、低级烷酰氧基、环(低级)烷基、环(低级)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂环基或杂环氧基,条件是:X1和X2中的一个被卤素取代,或者Z是C=O,
其中,所述阿片样物质是羟可待酮或其可药用盐及其混合物。
17.权利要求16的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是15-酮基-前列腺素化合物。
18.权利要求16的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16-单或二卤代-前列腺素化合物。
19.权利要求16的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-16-单或二氟-前列腺素化合物。
20.权利要求16的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16-单或二氟-前列腺素化合物。
21.权利要求16的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-16-单或二卤代-前列腺素E化合物。
22.权利要求16的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16-单或二卤代-前列腺素E化合物。
23.权利要求16的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-16,16-二氟-前列腺素E1化合物。
24.权利要求16的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-前列腺素E1化合物。
25.权利要求16的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-前列腺素E1化合物或13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-18-甲基-前列腺素E1化合物。
26.权利要求16的组合,其中所述前列腺素化合物是13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-前列腺素E1或13,14-二氢-15-酮基-16,16-二氟-18-甲基-前列腺素E1。
27.权利要求16-26任一项的组合,其中所述阿片样物质是羟可待酮。
28.权利要求16-27任一项的组合,其中所述组合是用于同时、分开或顺序使用。
29.药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含权利要求1-28任一项所述的组合与可药用赋形剂。
30.权利要求29的组合物,其中所述可药用赋形剂是口服可接受的。
31.商品包装,所述包装包含权利要求1-28任一项所述的组合以及关于其同时、分开或顺序使用的说明书。
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2008
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- 2008-07-03 EP EP08778016A patent/EP2170344A1/en not_active Ceased
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SG182235A1 (en) | 2012-07-30 |
CN101827598A (zh) | 2010-09-08 |
CA2691102C (en) | 2016-08-02 |
KR20180032683A (ko) | 2018-03-30 |
JP2010532315A (ja) | 2010-10-07 |
JP2014237711A (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
AU2008271981B2 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
IL202766A (en) | 2016-04-21 |
IL202766A0 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
EP2170344A1 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
CA2691102A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
NZ582328A (en) | 2012-08-31 |
US10561649B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
KR20150065948A (ko) | 2015-06-15 |
KR20160150654A (ko) | 2016-12-30 |
WO2009005171A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
US20180311233A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
KR20100051802A (ko) | 2010-05-18 |
US20090030072A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
BRPI0812832A2 (pt) | 2014-12-09 |
RU2010103506A (ru) | 2011-08-10 |
AU2008271981A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
JP2017048255A (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
RU2488398C2 (ru) | 2013-07-27 |
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