CN101821476B - 限流装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种流入控制装置，可以包括沿着流动路径的流动控制元件。该流动控制元件可以改变在所述流动路径中流动的流体的惯性方向。惯性方向上的改变发生在沿着所述流动路径的结合点处。所述流动控制元件还可以构造成横跨所述流动路径形成分段的压降。所述分段的压降可以包括第一压降段和不同于第一压降段的第二压降段。所述压降段可以由通道、孔或狭缝产生。在一些实施方式中，多个流动控制元件可以将流体分隔成至少两个流动路径。所述流动控制元件还可以构造成当所述流体中的水的含量增加时使所述流动路径中的压降增加。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及有选择地控制流体流入井筒开采管柱的系统和方法。
背景技术
比如石油和天然气之类的碳氢化合物是使用钻入到地下岩层中的井筒从地下岩层中获取的。这些井一般是通过以下方式完成的，即沿着井筒长度布置套管并在每个这样的开采区附近的套管上打孔以将地岩层流体(比如碳氢化合物)抽入到井筒中。有时通过在开采区之间安装封隔器来将这些开采区彼此隔开。每个开采区的进入井筒中的流体被抽入通到地面的管道中。沿着开采区具有基本均匀的排出是理想的。不均匀的排出可能导致不希望有的情形，例如侵害性的气锥或水锥。在开采井的情况下，例如，气锥可以导致气体流入井筒，这样会显著降低石油产量。同样，水锥可以导致水流入石油产出流中，这减少了生产出的石油的量和并降低了质量。因此，横跨开采区需要提供均匀的排出或者需要提供有选择地隔离或减少开采区中所经历的不希望有的水和/或气体的流入的能力。
本发明致力于现有技术的这些以及其他需要。
发明内容
在一些方面中，本发明提供了一种用于控制流入井筒中的井筒套管的流体的流动的装置。该装置可以包括构造成将流体从地岩层运送到井筒的流动腔中的流动路径；以及沿着所述流动路径的多个流动控制元件。所述流动控制元件可以构造成使在所述流动路径中流动的流体的惯性方向改变。在一些实施方式中，惯性方向上的这种改变是在沿着所述流动路径的结合点处发生的。所述的多个流动控制元件可以将流体分成至少两个流动路径。这些流动控制元件还可以构造成当流体中的水的含量增加时使所述流动路径中的压降增加。
在一种布置中，所述流动控制元件可以构造成横跨所述流动路径形成多个分段的压降。所述的多个分段的压降可以包括第一压降段和不同于第一压降段的第二压降段。第一压降段可以由沿着所述流动路径的通道产生。第二压降(段)可以由孔或狭缝产生。
在一个方面中，所述流动路径可以横跨至少部分围绕所述流动路径的管的外表面形成。所述流动路径可以由限定有沟槽的多个流动控制元件形成。每个流动控制元件可以包括提供所述沟槽之间的流体联通的狭缝。在一些实施方式中，所述流动路径可以由具有沟槽的多个连续对齐的流动控制元件形成。每个流动控制元件可以具有提供所述沟槽之间的流体联通的孔。
在一些方面中，本发明还提供了一种流入控制装置，该装置包括多个沿着流动路径的流动控制元件，这些流动控制元件在所述流动路径中形成了多个分段的压降。多个成段的压降可以包括至少一个第一压降和一个不同于第一压降的第二压降。多个分段的压降还可以包括多个第一压降和多个第二压降。
在一些方面中，本发明还提供了一种用于控制流入井筒中的井筒套管的流体的流动的方法。该方法可以包括使用流动路径将流体从地岩层运送到井筒的流动腔中；以及使在所述流动路径中流动的流体的惯性方向发生多个改变。在一些布置中，该方法可以包括沿着所述流动路径设置多个流动控制元件以造成惯性方向上的这些改变。该方法还可以包括将所述流动路径分隔成至少两个流动路径。在一些实施方式中，该方法可以包括当流体中的水的含量增加时增加所述流动路径中的压降。在一些实施方式中，该方法还可以包括横跨所述流动路径形成多个分段的压降。多个成段的压降可以包括第一压降段和不同于第一压降段的第二压降段。
应该理解的是，已经对本发明的比较重要的特征的示例进行了相当广泛地概述，以便于可以更好地理解其随后的详细描述，以便于更好地认识到其对现有技术的贡献。当然，下文中将要描述的本发明还具有附加的特征，这些附加的特征将会构成附加的权利要求的主题。
附图说明
本领域技术人员通过参照结合附图进行考虑的如下的详细描述将会容易地认识到并更好地理解本发明的优点和进一步的方面，其中在附图的多个图形中同样的附图标记表示同样或类似的元件，其中：
图1是结合有根据本发明的一个实施方式的流入控制系统的示例性多区域井筒和开采组件的示意性正视图；
图2是结合有根据本发明的一个实施方式的流入控制系统的示例性裸眼开采组件的示意性正视图；
图3是根据本发明的一个实施方式制造的示例性开采控制装置的示意性截面视图；
图4是根据本发明的一个实施方式制造的使用迷宫式流动路径的流入控制装置的等距视图；
图5A和5B分别是根据本发明的一个实施方式制造的、使用分段式压降装置的流入控制装置的等距视图和截面视图；
图6是根据本发明的一个实施方式制造的、使用分段式压降装置的另一个流入控制装置的等距视图；以及
图7是利用曲线图表示的与各个流入控制装置相关联的压降状况。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于控制碳氢化合物开采井的生产的装置和方法。本发明可以具有不同形式的实施方式。它们在附图中示出，这里将进行详细描述，本发明的特殊实施方式要被理解成是本发明的原理的举例，并不旨在将本发明限制在这里所图示和描述的示例中。此外，虽然这些实施方式可以描述为具有一个或多个特征或者两个或多个特征的结合，但是该特征或者这些特征的结合不应该被解释为必需的，除非特别说明是必需的。
首先参见图1，其中示出了示例性的井筒10，其已经被钻透土层12进入一对地岩层14，16，希望从该对地岩层中开采碳氢化合物。井筒10装入金属套管，这一点为现有技术所公知，多个孔18穿透并伸入地岩层14，16以便于产出流体可以从地岩层14，16流入井筒10。井筒10具有拐弯的或者基本是水平的节段19。井筒10具有后期开采组件，总体以20表示，该后期开采组件通过从井筒10的地面26处的井口装置24向下延伸的管柱22设置在井筒中。该开采组件20沿着其长度限定有内部轴向流动腔28。在该开采组件20与井筒套管之间限定有环空30。该开采组件20具有拐弯的、基本上是水平的部分32，该水平的部分32沿着井筒10的拐弯节段19延伸。沿着开采组件20在选好的位置上设置有开采嘴34。可选而非必须地，各开采嘴34在井筒10内由成对的封隔器装置36隔离。尽管图1中仅示出了两个开采嘴34，但是实际上沿着水平的部分32可以具有大量的连续布置的这样的开采嘴。
每个开采嘴34具有开采控制装置38，开采控制装置38用于控制流入开采组件20中的一种或多种流体的流动的一个或多个方面。这里所用到的术语“流体”包括液体、气体、碳氢化合物、多相流体、多种流体中的两种混合物、水、盐水、诸如钻孔泥浆之类的工程流体、从地面注入的诸如水之类的流体、以及自然产生诸如石油和天然气之类的流体。根据本发明的实施方式，开采控制装置38可以具有多种可替换使用的结构，这些结构均可确保对从其流过的流体进行选择性地操作，确保从其流过的流体是受控的流体流。
图2图示出了一种可以使用本发明的开采装置的示例性的裸眼井筒装置11。裸眼井筒11的结构和操作在大多数方面与先前描述过的井筒10类似。但是，井筒装置11具有没有装入套管的井眼，其直接通向地岩层14，16。因此产出的流体直接从地岩层14，16流入限定在开采组件21与井筒11的壁之间的环空30中。此实施例不存在所述穿孔，可以使用封隔器36来分隔开采嘴。但是，有些情况下是可以省去封隔器36的。开采控制装置的属性使得流体流从地岩层16直接被引导到最近的开采嘴34。
现参见图3，其中示出了开采控制装置100的一个实施方式，其用于控制从油藏沿着开采管柱(例如图1的管柱22)流入管104的流动腔102的流体的流动。该流动控制可以是地岩层流体的一个或多个特征或参数的函数，这些特征或参数包括水的含量、流体速度、气体含量等等。此外，控制装置100可以沿着开采井的一段分布，以在多个位置提供流体控制。这对于例如在希望在水平井的“后端”具有比水平井的“前端”更大的流速的情况下均衡石油的产出流量是有利的。通过适当地构造所述开采控制装置100，例如通过压力均衡化或者通过限制气体或水的流入，井筒拥有者可以增加含油油藏将会有效排尽的可能性。下面要讨论示例性的开采控制装置。
在一个实施方式中，开采控制装置100包括用于减小存在于流体中的颗粒的数量和尺寸的颗粒控制装置110和控制地岩层的整体排出速率的流入控制装置120。所述颗粒控制装置110可以包括已知的装置，例如砂筛以及相关的砾石过滤层。在一些实施方式中，流入控制装置120使用流动沟槽，所述流动沟槽通过一个或多个流动孔板122控制进入流动腔102的流体的流入速率和/或类型。下面描述示例性的实施方式。
现参见图4，其中示出了用于控制从地岩层流入流动腔102(图3)中的流体的一个或多个特征的示例性流入控制装置180。在一些实施方式中，该流入控制装置180包括一系列的流动控制元件182，这些流动控制元件182可以构造成对于给定的流体在流入控制装置180中产生特定的流动特性。示例性的特性包括但不局限于：流量、速度、含水量、流体组成以及压力。所述流动控制元件182可以结合一个或多个对摩擦因子、流动路径表面特性以及流动路径几何形状和尺寸进行控制的特征。这些特征单独地或相互结合，以在具有不同流体特性(密度和粘度)的流体流过所述流入控制装置180时可以使流动特性改变。例如，所述流动控制元件182可以构造成对水流提供比对油流更大的阻力。因此，在流动的流体中水的含量或“含水量”增加时，所述流入控制装置180可以减小通过该流入控制装置180的流量。
在一个实施方式中，所述流动控制元件182形成在具有外表面186的衬套184上。所述衬套184可以形成为容纳在所述流入控制装置180的流动空间130(图3)中的管状构件。在一个布置中，可以是壁状特征的所述流动控制元件182可以布置成迷宫，该迷宫为流过所述流入控制装置180的流体提供了曲折的流动路径188。在一个实施方式中，该曲折的流动路径188可以包括第一系列通道190和第二系列通道192。第一系列通道和第二系列通道192可以彼此不同地取向，例如通道190可以围绕衬套184环形地引导流动，而通道192可以基本沿着衬套184引导流动。通道190可以形成在两个流动控制元件182之间并且可以部分地或完全地围绕所述衬套184的周长。通道192可以形成为流入控制元件186中的狭缝，其位置与相邻的流入控制元件186中的通道192在周向上偏置180度的角度。应该理解的是所示出的布置仅是示例性的，而非所述流入控制元件182的构造的穷尽性举例。例如，在某些应用中也可以使用斜的或曲线通道。此外，虽然示出了单一路径188，但是可以使用两个或更多个路径来以平行的布置横跨所述流入控制装置180运送流体。
在一个示例性的使用期间，流体可以一开始以基本环形的路径沿着通道190流动，直到该流体到达通道192。然后当该流体通过通道192时转变为基本上呈轴向对齐的流动。当该流体流出通道192时，该流体在下一个通道190中被分成两股：一股以顺时针方向流动，另一股以逆时针方向流动。在大约行进了180度之后，这两股流体重新结合流过下一通道192。该流体沿着该迷宫式流动路径流动，直到该流体通过开口122(图3)流出去。
应该理解的是，流动的流体在通道190和192之间的结合点194处发生了流动方向的改变。因为这些结合点194使流体流在惯性方向(即没有结合点干预的情况下流体行进的流动方向)上发生了改变，所以在流动的流体中产生了压降。另外，流动的流体在结合点194处的分开和重新结合也可以造成流体中能量损失以及相关的压降。
此外，在一些实施方式中，限定通道190和192的一些或全部表面可以构造成对流动具有特定的摩擦阻力。在一些实施方式中，使用纹理、变粗糙的表面或者其他的这样的表面特征可以增加摩擦。替代性地，通过使用磨光的或变平滑的表面可以减小摩擦。在一些实施方式中，这些表面可以涂上增加或减小表面摩擦的材料。此外，涂层可以构造成基于流动材料(例如水或石油)的属性来改变摩擦。例如，表面可以涂上吸水的亲水材料来增加对水流的摩擦阻力或者涂上防水的不易被水沾湿的材料来减小对水流的摩擦阻力。
应该认识到的是，上面所述的特征可以单独地或者共同地造成沿着所述流入控制装置180的特定的压降。压降可以由流动的流体的惯性方向的改变和/或沿着流动路径的摩擦力的改变造成。此外，所述流入控制装置可以构造成对于一种流体具有一个压降，对于另一种流体具有不同的压降。下面描述使用流动控制元件的其他示例性实施方式。
现参见图5A和5B，其中示出了另一个示例性流入控制装置200，其使用一个或多个流动控制元件202来控制从地岩层流入到流动腔102内的流动的一个或多个特性。在一些实施方式中，流动控制元件202可以形成为板203。这些板203可以以堆叠方式设置在颗粒控制装置(图3)与流动孔板122(图3)之间。每个板203具有孔204和沟槽206。孔204基本上是圆形的通道，图5B中示出了其截面。孔204和沟槽206的取向使得流过流入控制装置200的流动空间130(图3)的流体的流动方向以及流动路径的构造面临周期性改变。这些元件中的每一个都可以造成沿着流入控制装置200的不同大小的压降。例如，孔204可以取向成基本沿着流动腔102的长轴引导流动并且可以其尺寸设计成提供相对大的压降。一般来说，孔204的直径是控制孔204两侧的压降大小的一个因素。沟槽206可以形成为在围绕流动腔102的长轴的环形方向上引导流动，并且构造成提供相对小的压降。一般来说，由所述沟槽206造成的摩擦损失控制沿着沟槽206的压降大小。影响摩擦损失的因素包括沟槽206的截面流通面积、截面流动面的形状(例如正方形、矩形等等)以及曲率。在一个布置中，沟槽206可以形成为在孔204之间沿着180度弧行进的圆周流动路径。沟槽206可以整个形成在一个板203上，或者如图所示，在每个板203上形成每个沟槽206的一部分。此外，板203可以具有两个或者更多个孔204和/或两个或者更多个沟槽206。
因此，在一个方面中，流入控制装置200可以描述为具有由多个孔204和多个沟槽206限定的流动路径，其中每个孔构造成造成第一压降，而每个通道构造成造成不同于第一压降的第二压降。在一个实施方式中，沟槽206和孔204可以是交替的，如图所示。在其他实施方式中，可以连续地设置两个或更多个沟槽206或者两个或更多个孔204。
在另一个方面中，所述流入控制装置200可以描述为可构造成既可以控制横跨该流入控制装置200的总的压降的大小，又可以控制横跨该流入控制装置200的总压降的产生的方式。这里的“方式”是指构成横跨所述流入控制装置200的总的压降的各分段压降的属性、数量和大小。在一个示例性的可构造的实施方式中，板203是可移除的或者是可互换的。每个板203可以具有所述的一个或更多个孔204以及一个或更多个沟槽206。每个板203可以具有相同的孔204(例如相同的直径、形状、取向等等)或者不同的孔204(例如不同的直径、形状、取向等等)。同样，每个板203可以具有相同的沟槽206(例如相同的长度、宽度、曲率等等)或者不同的沟槽206(例如不同的长度、宽度、曲率等等)。正如先前所描述过的，每个孔204产生相对剧烈的压降，每个沟槽206产生相对缓和的压降。因此，通过适当地选择板203的数量，所述流入控制装置200可以构造成提供选定的总的压降。构成总的压降的各压降段的特性可以通过对板203中的孔204和沟槽206的适当选择来控制。
现参见图6，其中示出了另一个示例性流入控制装置220，其用于控制从地岩层流入到流动腔102内的流动的一个或多个特性。在一些实施方式中，流入控制装置220包括具有外表面224的衬套222，在外表面224上形成有一系列流动控制元件226。所述衬套202可以形成为容纳在流入控制装置220的流动空间130(图3)中的管状构件。在一个布置中，流动控制元件226可以形成为肋条，这些肋条构成了进入流入控制装置220的流体的曲折流动路径228。该曲折流动路径228可以包括一系列相对窄的狭缝230和相对宽的沟槽232。狭缝230可以形成在流动控制元件226中并且可以以与图5A的孔204类似的方式提供相对剧烈的压降。沟槽232可以形成在流动控制元件226之间并且以与图5A的沟槽206类似的方式提供相对缓和的压降。窄的狭缝230和宽的沟槽232的取向使得流过所述流入控制装置220的流体的流动方向以及流动路径228的构造面临周期性改变。以先前描述过的方式，这些特征每个都可以实现沿着流入控制装置220的不同大小的压降。一般来说，窄的狭缝230的长度、宽度、高度和数量控制窄的狭缝230两侧的压降的大小。一般来说，由所述沟槽232造成的摩擦损失控制沿着沟槽232的压降的大小。影响摩擦损失的因素包括沟槽232的截面流通面积和曲率。在一个布置中，沟槽232可以形成为沿着狭缝230之间的180度弧行进的圆周流动路径。虽然窄的狭缝230是以与流动腔102的轴线对齐示出的，宽的沟槽232是以在围绕流动腔102的长轴的圆周方向上引导流动示出的，但是根据所需的流动特性可以使用其他的方向。
现参见图7，其中以曲线图表示了与可以结合流入控制装置使用的各个压降布置相关联的示例性压降。曲线图260以相对泛泛的形式示出了压力与流入控制装置的长度的关系曲线图。线条262概略地表示孔两侧的压降。线条264概略地表示横跨螺旋状流动路径的压降。线条266概略地表示横跨图4实施方式的流入控制装置的压降。线条268概略地表示横跨图5或图6实施方式的流入控制装置的压降。为了更好地说明本发明的教导，这些线条262-268旨在示出：对于给定的压降(P)，为了获得所述压降(P)所需要的、在压降的基本特性与所述长度方面的差异。正如在线条262中看到的，孔在非常短的间隔内造成了相对剧烈的压降，这可以产生磨损和损伤所述孔的流动速度。如线条264中所示出的，螺旋状流动路径提供了缓和的压降，不会产生高的流动速度。但是产生所述压降(P)所需的所述长度可能比孔所需的长度更长。
正如在线条266中看到的，图4的流入控制装置以较短的长度获得了所述压降(P)。该减小的长度可以归因于先前描述过的惯性方向上的改变，除了由流动表面产生的摩擦力之外，这些改变在流动路径中产生了受控的压降。线条266图示为具有缓和的下降，这是因为与惯性方向上的改变相关联的压降可以大致与和摩擦损失相关联的压降相同。但是，在其他实施方式中，在惯性方向上的这些改变可以产生不同于由摩擦损失造成的压降。
正如在线条268中看到的，图5A-B和图6的流入控制装置利用分段的压降来获得所述压降(P)。与孔204(图5A-B)相关联的压降段大于与沟槽206(图5A-B)相关联的压降段，这样导致了“楼梯”或台阶式的压降。在一些实施方式中，可以使用分段的压降来减小所需的流入控制装置的长度。在其他实施方式中，图5A-B和6的装置可以为特殊类型的石油(例如重油)构造。
正如参照线条266和268应该认识到的，本发明的流入控制装置相比于螺旋状流动路径可以减小获得所述压降(P)所需的长度而且同时避免了与孔相关联的高的流动速度。
应该理解的是，图1和2旨在仅是对本发明的教导可以应用其中的开采系统的示例性说明。例如，在某些开采系统中，井筒10，11可以仅利用套管或衬管来将产出流体运送到地面。可以利用本发明的教导来控制通过这些以及其他井筒套管的流动。
为了清楚和简便起见，在上面的描述中省去了对管状元件之间的大多数的螺纹连接、弹性密封(例如O形环)以及其他容易理解的技术的描述。此外，诸如“狭缝”、“通道”和“沟槽”之类的术语使用的是它们的最广的意思，并不局限于任何特殊的类型或构造。前面描述所涉及的本发明的特殊实施方式是出于说明和解释的目的。但是，对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是，在不脱离本发明的范围的前提下，对前述实施方式的多个修改和改变是可行的。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于对流入井筒中的井筒套管的流体的流动进行控制的装置，包括：
构造成将流体从地岩层运送到井筒套管的流动腔中的流动路径；
沿着所述流动路径的多个流动控制元件，所述的多个流动控制元件构造成通过利用在所述流动路径中流动的所述流体的惯性方向的多次改变来产生沿所述流动路径的分段式压降；所述分段式压降包括至少第一压降以及第二压降，所述第一压降与形成于至少一个所述流动控制元件中的产生轴向流动的通道相关，所述第二压降与形成于两个流动控制元件之间的产生周向流动的沟槽相关，其中所述第二压降的值比第一压降的值更为缓和；以及
衬套，所述流动控制元件形成为所述衬套上的肋条；
其中所述的多个流动控制元件在所述沟槽中的第一结合点处将所述流体分开到至少两个流动路径中，并且在所述沟槽中的第二结合点处使得分开的流体重新结合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述的多个流动控制元件构造成在所述流体中的水的含量增加时使所述流动路径中的压降增加。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其中在所述流体中的水的含量增加时使所述流动路径中的压降增加是通过如下的至少一个流动控制元件特征来产生的，所述至少一个流动控制元件特征选自由如下特征构成的群组：(i)摩擦因子；(ii)流动路径表面特性；(iii)流动路径几何形状；以及(iv)尺寸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述通道是提供与所述沟槽流体联通的周向错开的狭缝。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述流体的惯性方向的改变发生在每个结合点处。
6.一种用于对流入井筒中的井筒套管的流体的流动进行控制的方法，包括：
确定沿着地岩层与井筒套管的流动腔之间的流动路径流动的流体的压降；和
通过改变在所述流动路径中流动的所述流体的惯性方向来产生沿所述流动路径的分段式压降，其中，每次惯性方向的改变都对应一压降段，其中，所述分段式压降包括至少第一压降值以及更为缓和的第二压降值，所述第一压降值与轴向流动相关，所述第二压降值与周向流动相关，其中形成为衬套上的肋条的多个流动控制元件产生所述分段式压降；以及
将所述流体分开到至少两个流动路径中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括在所述流体中的水的含量增加时增加所述流动路径中的压降。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，还包括产生多个第一压降段和第二压降段，以形成所确定的分段式压降。
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2007
- 2007-10-12 US US11/871,685 patent/US8312931B2/en active Active
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2008
- 2008-10-04 AU AU2008311027A patent/AU2008311027B2/en active Active
- 2008-10-04 MX MX2010003649A patent/MX2010003649A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-10-04 GB GB1004787.6A patent/GB2468044B/en active Active
- 2008-10-04 EA EA201000555A patent/EA017651B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-10-04 MY MYPI2010001562A patent/MY180577A/en unknown
- 2008-10-04 CN CN200880111286.3A patent/CN101821476B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-10-04 BR BRPI0818539-5A patent/BRPI0818539A2/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2008-10-04 WO PCT/US2008/078872 patent/WO2009048822A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-10-04 CA CA2700320A patent/CA2700320C/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-04-16 NO NO20100545A patent/NO341118B1/no unknown
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2012
- 2012-08-07 US US13/568,877 patent/US8646535B2/en active Active
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| US2400161A (en) * | 1943-08-24 | 1946-05-14 | Worthington Pump & Mach Corp | Multiple orifice throttling device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EA201000555A1 (ru) | 2010-10-29 |
| NO20100545L (no) | 2010-06-10 |
| BRPI0818539A2 (pt) | 2015-06-16 |
| MY180577A (en) | 2020-12-02 |
| AU2008311027A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
| MX2010003649A (es) | 2010-04-21 |
| AU2008311027B2 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
| US8312931B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 |
| CA2700320C (en) | 2013-12-10 |
| CN101821476A (zh) | 2010-09-01 |
| EA017651B1 (ru) | 2013-02-28 |
| US8646535B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
| GB2468044B (en) | 2012-04-18 |
| US20120298370A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
| WO2009048822A2 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
| WO2009048822A3 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
| NO341118B1 (no) | 2017-08-28 |
| US20090095487A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
| GB2468044A (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| GB201004787D0 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
| CA2700320A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
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