CN101819140A - Continuous monitoring device and method of gaseous elemental mercury concentration - Google Patents
Continuous monitoring device and method of gaseous elemental mercury concentration Download PDFInfo
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002482 cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004847 absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002530 cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003705 background correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001658 differential optical absorption spectrophotometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a continuous monitoring device and a method of gaseous elemental mercury concentration, relating to the gas concentration measurement field and solving the problems of low sensitivity, complex system and overhigh cost of the existing gaseous elemental mercury monitoring technology. To the monitoring device in the invention, a mercury element lamp is arranged in a magnetic field of a magnet, the output light is subjected to transmission to obtain parallel light via a collimation lens, the parallel light enters into a spectroscope via a sample pool, the transmission light enters into a first convex lens via a reference pool and is focused on a first detector, the reflecting light enters into a second convex lens and is focused on a second detector, and the first detector and the second detector are connected with a data collection analyzer. The method is implemented as follows: 1) determining a constant A corresponding to the light intensity contrast ratio M when being zero; 2) drawing a correspondence curve of the light intensity contrast ratio M and gaseous elemental mercury medium concentration; and 3) measuring the light intensity contrast ratio M of the gaseous elemental mercury medium to be measured, and comparing with the correspondence curve to obtain the concentration of the gaseous elemental mercury medium. The invention is used for monitoring the gaseous mercury concentration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gas concentration measurement, in particular to a device and a method for continuously monitoring the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury.
Background
There are three forms of mercury present in combustion flue gases: gaseous elemental mercury, gaseous divalent oxidized mercury, and particulate mercury. With gaseous mercury being the predominant form. The total mercury content is measured by converting other forms of mercury into gaseous elemental mercury by means of thermal catalysis or chemical conversion. In the currently available continuous monitoring systems for mercury emissions, the most commonly used measurement techniques for gaseous elemental mercury are Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (CVAAS) and Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (CVAFS) based on spectroscopic detection principles. The former can perform direct measurement of the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury in flue gas without the need for a carrier gas as in the latter, and is therefore adopted by most continuous monitoring systems for mercury emissions. In most systems based on CVAAS, mercury in flue gas flow needs to be subjected to two steps of pre-enrichment and desorption to improve measurement sensitivity and remove interference gas before being introduced into an optical detection system for analysis, and the two steps greatly reduce the real-time performance of mercury emission monitoring, so that the mercury monitoring can only be in a semi-continuous state.
At present, there are two main technologies capable of continuously monitoring gaseous elemental mercury: ultraviolet differential absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) and Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (ZAAS) techniques. Both the two technologies are based on the principle of absorption spectroscopy, measurement is carried out at 253.7nm of the maximum absorption section of mercury, the response speed can reach the second order of magnitude, and real-time measurement is achieved. The former uses a broadband emission light source covering ultraviolet to visible bands, but since mercury is a monoatomic molecule, the absorption line width is narrow, and it is difficult to obtain a large light intensity absorption ratio even if an optical filter is used, and thus it is difficult to obtain a high measurement sensitivity. The latter is a special case of CVAAS, which uses a mercury element lamp with narrow-band emission as a light source, eliminates interference by applying zeeman background correction technology and does not need to perform pre-enrichment and desorption of mercury, but has high requirements on an analyzing system, increases the complexity and cost of the system and cannot be applied more widely.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for continuously monitoring the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury, aiming at solving the problems of low sensitivity, complex system and overhigh cost of the existing gaseous elemental mercury monitoring technology.
The continuous monitoring device of the gaseous elementary mercury concentration comprises a mercury element lamp, a magnet, a collimating lens, a sample cell, a spectroscope, a reference cell, a first convex lens, a first detector, a second convex lens, a second detector and a data acquisition analyzer, wherein the mercury element lamp is arranged in a magnetic field of the magnet and is arranged at the focal point of the collimating lens, the detection surface of the first detector is superposed with the focal plane of the first convex lens, the detection surface of the second detector is superposed with the focal plane of the second convex lens, the output light of the mercury element lamp enters the collimating lens and is transmitted by the collimating lens to obtain parallel light, the parallel light enters the spectroscope after passing through the sample cell, the parallel light is divided into reflected light and transmitted light, the transmitted light enters the first convex lens after passing through the reference cell, is focused to the first detector through the first convex lens, and the reflected light enters the second convex lens, and the medium in the reference pool is elemental mercury gas with saturated concentration.
The continuous monitoring method of the gaseous elementary substance mercury concentration comprises the following specific processes:
step one, when the sample cell is filled with the gaseous elementary mercury medium to be detected, the data acquisition analyzer measures the transmitted light intensity detected by the first detectorI R And the intensity of the reflected light detected by the second detectorI S ；
Step two, calculating the light intensity contrast of the transmitted light and the reflected light according to the following formulaM；
Wherein,Athe contrast of light intensity is the contrast of the light intensity when only air is contained in the sample cellMA constant corresponding to zero;
step three, the light intensity contrast obtained in the step twoMContrast with light intensityMAnd comparing with the corresponding relation curve of the concentration of the gaseous elementary substance mercury medium to obtain the concentration of the gaseous elementary substance mercury medium to be detected.
The invention realizes the continuous and effective monitoring of the concentration of the elemental mercury gas by utilizing the Zeeman correlation spectrum technology, realizes the selective detection of the gaseous elemental mercury by utilizing the spectral information of the reference gas, and eliminates the interference caused by gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and the like. The system has simple composition, does not need dispersion equipment such as a spectrometer and complex polarization detection equipment, and has lower cost. The lowest detection limit which can be achieved by the invention is lower than 1 mu g/m3And the requirement of monitoring the mercury content in the industrial waste gas emission is fully met. The method is suitable for the field of monitoring the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury with high sensitivity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for continuously monitoring the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method of continuous monitoring of gaseous elemental mercury concentration. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a correspondence relationship between the light intensity contrast and the concentration of the gas to be measured in the tenth embodiment.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment,The continuous monitoring device for the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury according to the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and comprises a mercury lamp 1, a magnet 2, a collimating lens 3, a sample cell 4, a spectroscope 5, a reference cell 6, a first convex lens 7, a first detector 8, a second convex lens 9, a second detector 10, and a data acquisition analyzer11, the mercury lamp 1 is arranged in the magnetic field of the magnet 2 and is arranged at the focus of the collimating lens 3, the detection surface of the first detector 8 is superposed with the focal plane of the first convex lens 7, the detection surface of the second detector 10 is superposed with the focal plane of the second convex lens 9, the output light of the mercury lamp 1 is incident to the collimating lens 3 and is transmitted by the collimating lens 3 to obtain parallel light, the parallel light is incident to the spectroscope 5 after passing through the sample cell 4, the parallel light is divided into reflected light and transmitted light by the spectroscope 5, the transmitted light is incident to the first convex lens 7 after passing through the reference cell 6 and is focused to the first detector 8 through the first convex lens 7, the reflected light is incident to the second convex lens 9 and is focused to the second detector 10 through the second convex lens 9, the output end of the first detector 8 and the output end of the second detector 10 are respectively connected with two access ends of the data acquisition analyzer 11, the medium in the reference cell 6 is elemental mercury gas at a saturated concentration.
The medium in the sample cell 4 is gaseous elementary mercury medium to be measured. The saturated concentration of elemental mercury gas in the reference cell 6 enables light at a wavelength around 253.7nm to be absorbed to a maximum.
The working principle is as follows: the mercury element lamp 1 emits ultraviolet light, an emission spectral line at 253.7nm is split into a series of Zeeman components with different wavelengths under the action of a magnetic field generated by a magnet 2, the ultraviolet light after wavelength splitting is changed into parallel light after passing through a collimating lens 3, the parallel light is divided into transmission light and reflection light by a spectroscope 5 after passing through a sample cell 4 filled with gas to be detected, the Zeeman component near 253.7nm is absorbed to the maximum degree after the transmission light passes through a reference cell 6 filled with gaseous elementary mercury with saturated concentration, the rest Zeeman components are taken as reference light and are focused by a first convex lens 7 and then received by a first detector 8, the reflection light is sample light, the reflection light is directly focused by a second convex lens 9 and then received by a second detector 10, signals generated by the first detector 8 and the second detector 10 are input into a data acquisition analyzer 11 for analog/digital conversion and data analysis, and collecting the light intensity information of the transmitted light and the reflected light. When no gaseous elementary mercury exists in the sample cell 4, the light intensity contrast of the two paths of light is zero, when the gaseous elementary mercury appears in the sample cell 4, the light intensity contrast of the two paths of light is increased along with the increase of the mercury content, and the light intensity contrast and the mercury content are in one-to-one correspondence relation.
The reflection light path and the transmission light path behind the spectroscope 5 can be exchanged, namely, the reflection light enters the first convex lens 7 after passing through the reference cell 6, is focused to the first detector 8 through the first convex lens 7, and the transmission light enters the second convex lens 9 and is focused to the second detector 10 through the second convex lens 9.
The second embodiment,The present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the beam splitter 5 is a half-reflective and half-transmissive beam splitter.
The third embodiment,The present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and is different from the first embodiment in that the saturated concentration per meter of the mercury gas in the reference cell 6 is 0.2-20 mg/m3。
The fourth embodiment,The present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and differs from the first embodiment in that the magnetic induction generated by the magnet 2 is 1 to 3T.
The fifth embodiment,Referring to fig. 2, the method for continuously monitoring the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury according to the present embodiment includes the following specific steps:
step one, filling a sample cell 4 with a gaseous elementary mercury medium to be detected, and measuring the transmitted light intensity detected by a first detector 8 by a data acquisition analyzer 11I R And the intensity of the reflected light detected by the second detector 10I S ；
Step two, calculating the light intensity contrast of the transmitted light and the reflected light according to the following formulaM；
Wherein,Athe contrast of light intensity is the contrast of light intensity when only air is contained in the sample cell 4MA constant corresponding to zero;
step three, the light intensity contrast obtained in the step twoMContrast with light intensityMAnd comparing with the corresponding relation curve of the concentration of the gaseous elementary substance mercury medium to obtain the concentration of the gaseous elementary substance mercury medium to be detected.
The sixth embodiment,This embodiment is a further description of the fifth embodiment, and the second step is a step in which the sample cell 4 contains only air and the contrast of light intensity is highMConstant corresponding to zeroAIs obtained by the following method:
step two M, when the sample cell 4 only contains air, the data acquisition analyzer 11 measures the transmitted light intensity detected by the first detector 8I R0 And the intensity of the reflected light detected by the second detector 10I S0 ；
Step two N, the light intensity contrast ratio of the transmission light and the reflection light in the step two M is obtainedMConstant corresponding to zeroA；
Wherein the contrast of light intensityMThe following equation is used to obtain:
。
the seventh embodiment,This embodiment mode is a further description of the fifth embodiment mode, and the light intensity contrast ratio described in the third embodiment modeMThe corresponding relation curve with the concentration of the gaseous elementary mercury medium is obtained by the following method:
step three M, filling the sample cell 4 with gaseous elementary mercury medium with known concentration, and measuring the transmitted light intensity detected by the first detector 8 by the data acquisition analyzer 11I R And the intensity of the reflected light detected by the second detector 10I S ；
Step three N, calculating the light intensity contrast of the transmitted light and the reflected light in step three M according to the following formulaM；
Wherein,Ais a constant corresponding to a contrast of zero when the sample cell 4 does not contain the gas to be measured;
step three P, repeatedly executing step three N until obtaining the light intensity contrast of N groups of gaseous elementary mercury medium concentrationMAnd the concentration of the gaseous elementary mercury medium is taken as the horizontal axis, and the light intensity contrast ratioMPlotting intensity contrast for the vertical axisMAnd (4) a corresponding relation curve with the concentration of the gaseous elementary mercury medium.
The detailed description is as follows,This embodiment mode is a further description of the fifth embodiment mode, and the light intensity contrast in the fourth stepMThe curve of the corresponding relation with the concentration of the gaseous elementary substance mercury medium is a straight line.
The detailed description is as follows,In the fourth step, the light intensity contrast is measured when the concentrations of the n gaseous elemental mercury media are measuredMTo measure 5-12 values.
The detailed description is,Referring to fig. 3, a specific example of the present embodiment that uses the apparatus described in the first embodiment and the method described in the fifth embodiment to measure the concentration of the gaseous elemental mercury to be measured is described, and the following parameters are selected:
the magnetic field intensity generated by the magnet 2 is 1T, and the saturated concentration per meter of the elemental mercury gas in the reference cell 6 is 1mg/m3。
Calculating the contrast of the two light intensities through a formula, and determining the concentration of the gaseous elementary mercury in the sample cell according to the obtained contrast of the different light intensities, wherein the result is shown in figure 3, and the horizontal axis represents the concentration of the gaseous elementary mercury medium; the vertical axis is the intensity contrast.
Claims (9)
1. The device for continuously monitoring the concentration of the gaseous elemental mercury is characterized by comprising a mercury element lamp (1), a magnet (2), a collimating lens (3), a sample cell (4), a spectroscope (5), a reference cell (6), a first convex lens (7), a first detector (8), a second convex lens (9), a second detector (10) and a data acquisition analyzer (11), wherein the mercury element lamp (1) is arranged in a magnetic field of the magnet (2) and is arranged at the focal point of the collimating lens (3), a detection surface of the first detector (8) is superposed with a focal plane of the first convex lens (7), a detection surface of the second detector (10) is superposed with a focal plane of the second convex lens (9), output light of the mercury element lamp (1) enters the collimating lens (3) and is transmitted by the collimating lens (3) to obtain parallel light, and the parallel light enters the collimating lens (5) after passing through the sample cell (4), the parallel light is divided into reflected light and transmitted light through the spectroscope (5), wherein the transmitted light is incident to the first convex lens (7) after passing through the reference pool (6), and then is focused to the first detector (8) through the first convex lens (7), the reflected light is incident to the second convex lens (9), and then is focused to the second detector (10) through the second convex lens (9), the output end of the first detector (8) and the output end of the second detector (10) are respectively connected with two access ends of the data acquisition analyzer (11), and the medium in the reference pool (6) is elemental mercury gas with saturated concentration.
2. The continuous monitoring device of gaseous elemental mercury concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that the beam splitter (5) is a half-reflective and half-transmissive beam splitter.
3. The continuous monitoring device of gaseous elemental mercury concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that the saturated concentration per meter of elemental mercury gas in the reference cell (6) is 0.2-20 mg/m3。
4. The device for continuously monitoring the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic induction generated by the magnet (2) is 1-3T.
5. The continuous monitoring method using the continuous monitoring device of gaseous elemental mercury concentration according to claim 1, characterized by the following specific procedures:
step one, filling a sample cell (4) with a gaseous elementary mercury medium to be detected, and measuring the transmitted light intensity detected by a first detector (8) by a data acquisition analyzer (11)I R And the intensity of the reflected light detected by the second detector (10)I S ；
Step two, calculating the light intensity contrast of the transmitted light and the reflected light according to the following formulaM；
Wherein,Athe contrast of light intensity is only when the sample cell (4) contains airMA constant corresponding to zero;
step three, the light intensity contrast obtained in the step twoMContrast with light intensityMAnd comparing with the corresponding relation curve of the concentration of the gaseous elementary substance mercury medium to obtain the concentration of the gaseous elementary substance mercury medium to be detected.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the sample cell (4) in step two contains only air and has a light intensity contrastMConstant corresponding to zeroAIs obtained by the following method:
step two M, when the sample cell (4) only contains air, the data acquisition analyzer (11) measures the transmitted light intensity detected by the first detector (8)I R0 And the intensity of the reflected light detected by the second detector (10)I S0 ；
Step two N, the light intensity contrast ratio of the transmission light and the reflection light in the step two M is obtainedMConstant corresponding to zeroA；
Wherein the contrast of light intensityMThe following equation is used to obtain:
7. the method of claim 5, wherein the step three of continuously monitoring the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury is characterized by a light intensity contrastMThe corresponding relation curve with the concentration of the gaseous elementary mercury medium is obtained by the following method:
step three M, filling the sample cell (4) with gaseous elementary mercury medium with known concentration, and measuring the transmitted light intensity detected by the first detector (8) by the data acquisition analyzer (11)I R And the intensity of the reflected light detected by the second detector (10)I S ；
Step three N, calculating the light intensity contrast of the transmitted light and the reflected light in step three M according to the following formulaM；
Wherein,Ais a constant corresponding to the contrast being zero when the sample cell (4) does not contain the gas to be measured;
step three P, repeatedly executing step three N until obtaining the light intensity contrast of N groups of gaseous elementary mercury medium concentrationMAnd the concentration of the gaseous elementary mercury medium is taken as the horizontal axis, and the light intensity contrast ratioMPlotting intensity contrast for the vertical axisMAnd (4) a corresponding relation curve with the concentration of the gaseous elementary mercury medium.
8. The method of claim 5 or 7, wherein the method comprises continuously monitoring the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury by light intensity contrastMThe curve of the corresponding relation with the concentration of the gaseous elementary substance mercury medium is a straight line.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the step three P comprises obtaining the light intensity contrast of the concentrations of n groups of gaseous elemental mercury mediaMTo obtain 5-12 sets of light intensity contrastMNumerical values.
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| CN101498665A (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2009-08-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Sulphur dioxide gas concentration detection apparatus based on associated spectrum technology |
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