CN101819026A - Method for measuring ultrahigh-pressure water jet length and radius for water cutting - Google Patents
Method for measuring ultrahigh-pressure water jet length and radius for water cutting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring ultrahigh-pressure water jet length and radius for water cutting, which belongs to the technical field of performance detection of a cutting head of a water cutting machine. The method comprises the following steps of: combining and constructing test equipment in a mode designed by the method so that a camera (1), a water tank (2), a workbench (3), a cover plate (4), a workpiece (5), a black curtain plate (6) and a cutting head (7) are positioned at set space positions and the contrast between the jet and the ambient environment is enlarged, and acquiring a reference length h; drilling a columnar hole in the center of the workpiece (5), and drilling a rectangular hole on the cover plate (4); shooting the jet by using an overexposure means; and screening acquired images, then importing the images into image post-processing software, measuring the pixel length of a certain section of the jet or the pixel length of the radius of a certain place of the jet based on the shot images, and converting the practical length or radius through the ratio of the set reference length to the pixel length thereof. The method for evaluating the performance of the cutting head is safe and accurate, and has higher operability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the measurement mechanism and the measuring method of a kind of ultra-high pressure water fluid jet length and radius, belongs to water cutting machine cutting head Performance Detection technical field, also belongs to superhigh pressure jetting process imaging research field.
Technical background
In the high-pressure water cutting; the high-speed jet a fluid stream that cutting head produces can spread gradually along with the increase of jet length; in order to identify the jet quality and to determine the cutting range; usually can introduce a length in the engineering; the convergence of the jet in this length is stronger, is suitable for cutting operation, is referred to as waterline length (coherent length); can demarcate it as required, the jet length when the jet initial radium is doubled is decided to be waterline length (double length).The index of another reflection jet convergence is the jet radius, is meant the radial dimension of jet in certain jet length, and the jet radius also is a foundation of measuring waterline length.
Waterline length and jet radius are usually used in important indicator that the cutting head performance is detected, also are used to describe the architectural characteristic of jet in the correlative study of superhigh pressure water jet.But, it is carried out relatively difficulty of quantitative measurment, be one of problem of always exploring of academia and engineering circle.Because superhigh pressure water jet itself has very strong cutting power, the direct measurement of contact is obviously infeasible.If use untouchable measurement, what expect easily is to adopt optical measurement such as Infrared survey or PDPA to measure, Infrared survey can be judged the radius of jet by the Temperature Distribution that obtains jet, and PDPA can judge the degree of divergence of jet by the droplet distribution situation that obtains the jet edge.These methods no doubt can reach gratifying result on measuring accuracy; but cutting is generally very little with the radius of water jet; measure that the territory is little just to be required optical device such as PDPA light microscopic and accept mirror must be arranged on and measure in the short distance with the accuracy that guarantees the luminous point location and the precision of measurement; and there is sputter in the superhigh pressure jetting process unavoidably; phenomenons such as atomizing; the safety of equipment and the reliability of experiment are difficult to guarantee; if equipment is taked safeguard measure; can increase the workload of early-stage preparations undoubtedly; make to measure to become more complicated, also increased the cost of measuring simultaneously." a kind of device of measuring the abrasive water jet flow diameter " (An instrument for measuring abrasive water jet diameter:InternationalJournal of Machine Tools; Manufacturing, 2009,49:843-849) provide a kind of method of indirect measurement jet radius, obtain the radial distribution of jet impact force at first by experiment, the radius that width by observing hitting power areal concentration territory and kerf are judged the core jet, this method has higher operability, but the hitting power of superhigh pressure water jet is measured relative risk, and, the same with the PDPA method, if will judge waterline length by this method, also must experimentize at a plurality of axial locations, increased the complexity of measuring.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is, discloses a kind ofly to obtain the method for superhigh pressure water jet waterline length and jet radius based on technique for taking and post processing of image, and this method safety, accurately has very high operability.And required be more common equipment, measure with low cost.Can obtain jet some overall view characteristics under extreme operating condition, the result of institute can satisfy the needs of engineering and scientific research, can be used for high-pressure water cutting head performance is assessed.
Technical scheme of the present invention is image and two parts of post processing of image that obtain the jet form by taking that are divided into of the present invention.Main device comprises digital camera, water tank, has the worktable of square hollow out, cover plate, flow passage components, curtain plate, cutting head (pure water), produces the supercharger and the high-pressure water pipe of water under high pressure in addition.
Key step of the present invention is:
Take:
1. before measuring, water filling in water tank will be flowed out from spout hole during dilutional hyponatremia in water filling or the measuring process in the water tank, has so just guaranteed that the water level of water tank is constant in the shooting process.
2. regulate the position of cutting head, make it be in the top of a certain position, case center and fix its position.
3. cover plate is placed on the worktable with square hollow out and cover worktable.
4. flow passage components are placed under the cutting head, flow passage components thickness 500～600mm in the flow passage components central punch, is cylindrical hole, and the aperture is 40～50mm, adjusts the flow passage components position, and the cutting head axis is overlapped with the hole heart substantially.
5. black curtain plate is placed the flow passage components rear and fit with flow passage components.
6. regulate the height of cutting head, the distance of controlling its exit end face and flow passage components upper surface is a certain determined value h, and this value also is the length reference that post-processing stages obtains waterline length and jet radius.
7. regulate the position of curtain plate, make cutting head be positioned at the centre of act plate.According to cutting head location positioning camera, the center of camera lens is overlapped with the center of curtain plate.
8. the unlatching supercharger makes cutting head begin to spray.
9. jet begins to take after puncturing cover plate, and black curtain plate has strengthened the contrast of jet and surrounding environment, adopts the further enhancing contrast ratio that is provided with of overexposure when using digital camera to take jet.
The principle of this cover photographic schemes: cutting head was started working after a period of time, cover plate is punctured by jet, jet enters water tank, the high-speed jet impact liquid level can produce fierce sputter, but sputter water base can be had influence on shooting by cover plate does not stop, even there is the part drop to penetrate from the aperture of flow passage components, because flow passage components have certain thickness and aperture very little, drop also can't penetrate aperture substantially and influence the sharpness of photographic images.The cover plate rear side has rectangular opening, its effect is similar with pressure release, when being subjected to high-speed impact, liquid level can produce bigger fluctuation, when water tank level fluctuates when violent, water can overflow from rectangular opening, avoided cover plate in the high-pressure water jet process, be subjected to below the repeated stock of water and the bigger vibrations of generation amplitude and influence shooting, rectangular opening also can be discharged the vaporize water that raises and produce because of water tank temperature simultaneously.
Flame Image Process and measurement:
Obtained after the image to excavate some information, as based on image measurement jet radius with demarcate waterline length about jet by Flame Image Process.Concrete grammar is:
10. image is directed among Matlab or the Photoshop display pixel or length scales.
11. the color to the jet edge is sampled, and is threshold values degree of comparing enhancement process (binaryzation) with the sampled value again, makes that the edge of jet and environmental differences are more obvious.
12. in the time of need measuring the jet radius of certain axial distance, the image amplification with this axial location near zone obtains the scale that more careful image and length adapt.Measure the jet radius W of relevant position, W is for being the length of unit with the pixel, and needing with h is that length obtains real radius w with reference to converting, and conversion formula is as follows:
Measure the jet radius of a plurality of axial locations with said method, according to the definition of waterline length it is demarcated, Len got L also should carry out following conversion to obtain physical length l:
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the present invention uses simple method and common conventional equipment to obtain quantitative information on the ultra-high pressure water fluid jet length, as jet radius and waterline length.Method is with respect to several existing method safety and reliability of mentioning in the technical background, and operability improves greatly.Engineering technical personnel for relevant make to need not to possess stronger profession basis in this way.The measurement result of using this measuring method to obtain can be identified the performance of cutting head fully and judge the quality of fluidic architecture on precision.If use the present invention to measure, simplify greatly in the work of equipment preparation and operating aspect, so the present invention is particularly useful for the product detection of water cutting machine based on water cutting machine.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is measurement mechanism figure.
Fig. 2 is measuring principle figure.
Fig. 3 is for taking the fluidics diagram picture that obtains.
Fig. 4 is post processing of image figure.
Fig. 5 is the calibration maps of waterline length.
Fig. 6 is a cutting head motion synoptic diagram.
Among the figure, 1, digital camera; 2, water tank; 3, worktable; 4, cover plate; 5, flow passage components; 6, black curtain plate; 7, cutting head; 8, apopore; 9, support; 10, rectangular opening; 11, cantilever; 12, slide block.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Measurement of the present invention is divided into image and two parts of post processing of image that obtain the jet form by taking.Take principle and see accompanying drawing 1, main device comprises digital camera 1, water tank 2, has the worktable 3 of square hollow out, cover plate 4, flow passage components 5, black curtain plate 6, cutting head (pure water) 7, produces the supercharger and the high-pressure water pipe of water under high pressure in addition.The adoptable specification of water tank is 1.5m * 1.5m * 1m.
The key step of taking:
1. to water tank 2 water fillings, water level is controlled by spout hole 8, and height of water level is the height that spout hole 8, and the hole heart of spout hole 8 is positioned at and is no more than 30mm below the worktable.
2. regulate the position of cutting head 7, make the hollow out place of the spout alignment work platform 3 of cutting head 7, jet can enter water tank from hollow out.As Fig. 6, cutting head 7 is fixed on the slide block 12, thereby slide block can carry out the height that cutting head is regulated in lengthwise movement on the track of cutting head support, support 9 can carry out transverse movement on cantilever 11, and the propulsion of cutting head 7 then realizes by the position of mobile cantilever 11.If measure on water cutting machine, then above-mentioned motion is all finished by numerically-controlled machine.
3. cover plate 4 is placed on the worktable 3, the size of cover plate 4 is identical with worktable 3, and the material of cover plate 4 can be used rubber or plastics, and thickness is 10～20mm, rectangular opening 10 on the cover plate 4 is of a size of 0.2m * 0.2m, will constantly have water to overflow from this hole in the course of injection.The position of rectangular opening 10 on cover plate 4 as shown in Figure 2.
4. open a cylindrical hole at flow passage components 5 centers, the thickness of flow passage components is 500～600mm, and the aperture is 40～50mm; Flow passage components 5 are placed under the cutting head, adjust the position of flow passage components 5, the axis of cutting head 7 is overlapped with the hole heart of cylindrical hole.
5. black curtain plate 6 is placed the rear of flow passage components 5 and fit with flow passage components 5.
6. regulate the height of cutting head 7, the distance of controlling the upper surface of its exit end face and flow passage components 5 is determined value h, and h is 60mm.This value also is the length reference that post-processing stages obtains waterline length and jet radius.
7. regulate the position of black curtain plate 6, make the centre of black curtain plate 6 and the dead in line of cutting head 7.According to the location positioning digital camera 1 of cutting head 7, the center of digital camera 1 camera lens is overlapped with the center of black curtain plate 6.Digital camera 1 can be made by oneself in suitable scope according to the needs of focal length apart from the distance of cutting head 7, and this distance can not influence measurement result.
8. by high-pressure water pipe supercharger is linked to each other with the cutting head water inlet, start supercharger, cutting head 7 begins to spray.
9. jet begins to take after puncturing cover plate, and black curtain plate 6 has strengthened the contrast of jet and surrounding environment, when taking jet, strengthens the contrast of digital camera 1.Transfer the large aperture value, use burst mode, several times exposed in 10 seconds.If change operational factor or change nozzle, need treat to take again after jet is stablized in the shooting process.
Flame Image Process and measurement:
10. obtained earlier every group of image to be screened after the image, in every group of width of cloth image,, then thought the unstable situation of moment of jet, can reject if image and other width of cloth obvious differences are arranged.
Can excavate some information by image being carried out aftertreatment, as based on image measurement jet radius with demarcate waterline length about jet.Concrete grammar is:
11. image is imported among Matlab or the Photoshop display pixel or length scales.By the color at jet edge is sampled, with the sampled value threshold values degree of comparing enhancement process again, make that the edge of jet and environmental differences are more obvious.
12. when the jet radius of certain axial distance was measured, the image amplification with this axial location near zone obtained the scale that more careful image and length adapt.In Matlab or Photoshop, scale can provide the scale of corresponding precision along with the amplification of image, so the measuring accuracy of image is very high.Measure the jet radius W of relevant position, the value of W is for being the length of unit with the pixel, and needing with h is that length obtains real radius w with reference to converting, and conversion formula is as follows:
Because the stationkeeping of cutting in the shooting process is constant, so the H in the image also is a certain value, the ratio of establishing h and H is n, and following formula can be reduced to:
w＝nW
Measure the jet radius of a plurality of axial locations with said method, according to the definition of waterline length it is demarcated, Len got L also should carry out following conversion to obtain physical length l:
l＝nL
Just finished the jet radius of any axial location and the measurement of water jets line length through above-mentioned steps, the measurement of random length also can realize by same procedure in the jet.
The jet aspect graph picture that accompanying drawing 3 captures for digital camera 1, the length of this section jet are h.Operating mode during shooting is: pressure 400MPa, nozzle diameter 0.25mm, h are 60mm.
Accompanying drawing 4 is depicted as the situation of using Matlab to handle.Say that image shown in Figure 3 imports among the Matlab, by vertical pixel coordinate among the figure as can be known: is 920 pixels from the lower surface of cutting head 7 to the length in pixels H the upper end of flow passage components 5, and the physical length of this segment distance is reference length h is 60mm, can obtain n and be about 0.0652.If will obtain the length of one section jet in the yellow frame, then earlier recording its length in pixels L by pixel coordinate is 85 pixels, and then obtains physical length l by l=nL and be about 5.22mm.In like manner can obtain the value of the radius w in jet somewhere by the length in pixels W that measures jet somewhere radius.
Accompanying drawing 5 is 400MPa for the pressure as a result that the waterline length of the jet that uses the present invention the nozzle of 4 kinds of different structures is produced uses the present invention to measure, nozzle diameter 0.25mm, and white arrow is represented waterline length (jet length when the jet radius doubles).Obtain the overall view characteristic of jet intuitively, measured waterline length exactly, thereby correctly assessed the performance of nozzle.
Claims (5)
1. water cutting is characterized in that concrete steps are with the measuring method of ultra-high pressure water fluid jet length and radius:
(A). to water tank (2) water filling, water level is controlled by spout hole (8), and height of water level is the height that spout hole (8);
(B). regulate the position of cutting head (7), make the hollow out place of the spout alignment work platform (3) of cutting head (7), jet enters water tank from hollow out; Cutting head (7) is fixed on the slide block (12), thereby slide block can carry out the height that cutting head is regulated in lengthwise movement on the track of cutting head support, support (9) can carry out transverse movement on cantilever (11), realize the propulsion of cutting head (7) by the position of mobile cantilever (11);
(C). cover plate (4) is placed on the worktable (3), and the size of cover plate (4) is identical with worktable (3), has rectangular opening (10) on the cover plate (4);
(D). open a cylindrical hole at flow passage components (5) center, flow passage components (5) are placed under the cutting head, adjust the position of flow passage components (5), the axis of cutting head (7) is overlapped with the hole heart of cylindrical hole;
(E). black curtain plate (6) is placed the rear of flow passage components (5) and fit with flow passage components (5);
(F). regulate the height of cutting head (7), the distance of controlling the upper surface of its exit end face and flow passage components (5) is determined value h;
(G). regulate the position of black curtain plate (6), make the centre of black curtain plate (6) and the dead in line of cutting head (7); According to the location positioning digital camera (1) of cutting head (7), the center of digital camera (1) camera lens is overlapped with the center of black curtain plate (6); Digital camera (1) is made by oneself in suitable scope according to the needs of focal length apart from the distance of cutting head (7);
(H). by high-pressure water pipe supercharger is linked to each other with the cutting head water inlet, start supercharger, cutting head (7) begins to spray;
(I). jet begins to take after puncturing cover plate, and black curtain plate (6) has strengthened the contrast of jet and surrounding environment, when taking jet, strengthens the contrast of digital camera (1); Transfer the large aperture value, use burst mode, several times exposed in 10 seconds; If change operational factor or change nozzle, need treat to take again after jet is stablized in the shooting process;
(J). obtained earlier every group of image to be screened after the image, in every group of width of cloth image,, then rejected this width of cloth image if certain width of cloth image and other width of cloth obvious differences are arranged;
(K). image is directed among Matlab or the Photoshop display pixel or length scales;
(L). the color to the jet edge is sampled, and is threshold values degree of comparing enhancement process (binaryzation) with the sampled value again, makes that the edge of jet and environmental differences are more obvious;
(M). when the jet radius of certain axial distance was measured, the image amplification with this axial location near zone obtained the scale that more careful image and length adapt; In Matlab or Photoshop, scale can provide the scale of corresponding precision along with the amplification of image, so the measuring accuracy of image is very high.Measure the jet radius W of relevant position, the value of W is for being the length of unit with the pixel, and needing with h is that length obtains real radius w with reference to converting, and conversion formula is as follows:
2. a kind of water cutting according to claim 1 measuring method of ultra-high pressure water fluid jet length and radius, it is characterized in that, go on foot at described (M), because the stationkeeping of cutting in the shooting process is constant, so the H in the image also is a certain value, if h is n with the ratio of H, following formula can be reduced to: w=nW.
3. a kind of water cutting according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that with the measuring method of ultra-high pressure water fluid jet length and radius in described (A) step, the hole heart of described spout hole 8 is positioned at and is no more than 30mm below the worktable.
4. a kind of water cutting according to claim 1 and 2 measuring method of ultra-high pressure water fluid jet length and radius, it is characterized in that, go on foot at described (C), the material of described cover plate (4) is rubber or plastics, thickness is 10～20mm, and the rectangular opening (10) on the cover plate (4) is of a size of 0.2m * 0.2m.
5. a kind of water cutting according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that with the measuring method of ultra-high pressure water fluid jet length and radius the thickness of described flow passage components (5) is 500～600mm, and the aperture is 40～50mm.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102528208A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Laser measurement marking-off cutting method for big-width plate |
| CN103033133A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Method for acquiring oscillatory boundary of jet in cross-flow of liquid |
| CN110285989A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-27 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of high-speed jet impact biological tissue testing stand and its test method |
| CN111238715A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-05 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Jet flow force measuring method for netting cleaning disc |
| CN115582637A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-01-10 | 长春森酉科技有限公司 | Automatic detection system for laser cutting missing process |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102528208A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Laser measurement marking-off cutting method for big-width plate |
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| CN110285989A (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2019-09-27 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of high-speed jet impact biological tissue testing stand and its test method |
| CN110285989B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-09-11 | 中国矿业大学 | High-speed jet impact biological tissue test bed and test method thereof |
| CN111238715A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-05 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Jet flow force measuring method for netting cleaning disc |
| CN111238715B (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2022-04-19 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Jet flow force measuring method for netting cleaning disc |
| CN115582637A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-01-10 | 长春森酉科技有限公司 | Automatic detection system for laser cutting missing process |
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