CN101818708A - Electronic fuel injection internal combustion engine without throttle plate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic fuel injection internal combustion engine without a throttle plate, belonging to the technical field of piston type internal combustion engines. An air inlet channel of the invention is not provided with a throttle plate and an air flow sensor, and the invention controls air inflow by controlling closing of an air inlet valve. In the electronic fuel injection internal combustion engine without the throttle plate, when the air inflow is less than a rated value, because the air inlet channel is not provided with the throttle plate and the air flow sensor, negative pressure is not generated in the air inlet channel, thereby reducing power consumption of the air inlet stroke and improving the heat power conversion efficiency of the internal combustion engine. The electronic fuel injection internal combustion engine without the throttle plate, which has fixed air inflow, is equivalent to an internal combustion engine with the expansion ratio of 20 and the compression ratio of 7. The heat power conversion efficiency can hopefully achieve 50% and a cooling system is not needed. The electronic fuel injection internal combustion engine without the throttle plate can be used as a hybrid electric vehicle engine. The throttle hour heat power conversion efficiency of a numerical control electronic fuel injection internal combustion engine without the throttle plate is not reduced but improved. The electronic fuel injection internal combustion engine without the plate can be used as the engine of a general automobile and has the characteristic of saving more energy when the automobile runs at low speed.

Description

The EFI internal-combustion engine of non-air throttle

Technical field:

Patent of the present invention relates to the internal-combustion piston engine technical field.

Background technique:

General internal-combustion piston engine is controlled the combination gas amount by closure, many rotating speeds of air inflow height when throttle opening is big, and output power is big.Aperture hour, air inflow is few, and rotating speed is low, and output power is little.And when aperture hour, be negative pressure in the cylinder of aspirating stroke, bigger power loss is arranged, cause the hot merit conversion efficiency of internal-combustion engine to reduce.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem that solves:

For the heat energy-mechanical energy conversion efficiency that improves the EFI internal-combustion engine, the present invention has designed a kind of internal-combustion engine that does not use closure control combination gas amount, and its gas-entered passageway does not have closure, does not have air flow sensor.Therefore its gas-entered passageway does not produce negative pressure when small-power is worked.So it has reduced the aspirating stroke power loss.Improved the hot merit conversion efficiency of internal-combustion engine.

Technological scheme:

1 air inflow control principle

For the EFI internal-combustion engine of non-air throttle, control air inflow by control air intake valve close moment.If the untimely air intake valve of closing of compression stroke, compression stroke was the exhaust process of essence before not closing air intake valve so.Close the compression process that just enters essence behind the air intake valve, suppose the sectional area infinity of air intake valve, air intake valve is closed noninertia, so this moment cylinder air inflow be effective volume of cylinder.

Fig. 1 is the air inflow control principle.Abscissa is the crank angle of swing, and 0-π is an aspirating stroke, and π-2 π is a compression stroke, and 2 π-3 π is an expansion stroke, and 3 π-0 π is an exhaust stroke.Curve 1 is the effective cylinder volume curve, and curve 2 is air intake valve switching pulses.If air intake valve is closed when crank angle of swing 2 π-σ, this moment, the equivalent volume of cylinder was V, so air inflow also is V.

2 volumes of cylinder calculate

1) relation of piston position and crank angle

Suppose: crank turning radius R, length of connecting rod L, crank angle of swing α

Piston stroke X (initial point of X-axis is at top dead center):

X=R+L-(Rcos α+Lcos β), α is the crank angle of swing, β is the connecting rod angle of swing.

$\frac{\sin \mathrm{\α}}{L}=\frac{\sin \mathrm{\β}}{R}$

$\sin \mathrm{\β}=\frac{R\sin \mathrm{\α}}{L}$

$\cos \mathrm{\β}=\sqrt{1-{\sin }^2}\mathrm{\β}=\sqrt{1-{\left(\frac{R\sin \mathrm{\α}}{L}\right)}^2}$

$X=R+L-R\cos \mathrm{\α}-L\cos \mathrm{\β}=R+L-R\cos \mathrm{\α}-L\sqrt{1-{\left(\frac{R\sin \mathrm{\α}}{L}\right)}^2}$

$=R(1-\cos \mathrm{\α})+L(1-\sqrt{1-{\left(\frac{R\sin \mathrm{\α}}{L}\right)}^2}$

Can find out that by following formula after crank radius R and length of connecting rod L determined, piston stroke X only depended on crank angle of swing α.

When α=2n π, n is an integer.

X=0, piston is in top dead center.

As the π of α=(2n+1)

X=2R, piston is in lower dead center.

When piston moves from the top dead center to the lower dead center, be expansion stroke or aspirating stroke, piston is gone up compression stroke or exhaust stroke from lower dead center when top dead center moves.

2) effective cylinder volume

If in compression stroke, air intake valve is just closed when piston stroke is X, and before closing, the cylinder of compression stroke is by the outside exhaust of manifold, and after air intake valve was closed, intake process just finished.Air quantity in the cylinder does not just change.

$V=V_0+\mathrm{SX}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="V"\; filenames="HSA00000075511400012.png,HSA00000075511400022.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_0+\mathrm{SR}(1-\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})+\mathrm{SL}(1-\sqrt{1-{\left(\frac{R\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}}{L}\right)}^2})$

The actual volume of cylinder depends on the angle of crankshaft rotation.

The crankshaft angular of compression stroke correspondence is the π of α=(2n+1) to the π of α=(2n+2)

So have:

As the π V of α=(2n+1) _Max=V ₀+ SX _Max=V ₀+ 2SR

As the π V of α=(2n+2) _Min=V ₀+ SX _Min=V ₀

3) equivalent volume of cylinder:

The air inlet sectional area ratio cylinder sectional area of considering air intake valve is little, and particularly air intake valve has been closed a process, when the air intake valve Close All, in the cylinder combustion gas certain pressure is arranged.Therefore actual equivalent compress is bigger than the compression ratio that calculates with piston stroke when closing with air intake valve.

For example, effective cylinder volume was V when air intake valve was closed fully, and the pressure of cylinder combustion gas is P, has so:

P ₀Environment atmospheric pressure P ₀=1 barometric pressure

The equivalence volume of cylinder is:

V _E＝VP ^1/1.4

Because P＞1, so V _E〉=V.

3. technological scheme

The basic structure and the common electrical injection internal combustion engine of non-air throttle EFI internal-combustion engine are basic identical, and different is:

1) gas-entered passageway

Gas-entered passageway has been cancelled closure and air flow sensor.Direct and the intake manifold link of air-strainer.

2) air inlet distribution

The changeable air valve technology is adopted in the air inlet distribution, is closed according to equivalent volume of cylinder by ECU.

3) Throttle Opening Control interface

4)ECU

A) air inflow at collection Throttle Opening Control interface

B) according to working medium air pressure, ambient atmosphere pressure, ambient temperature in air inflow (equivalent volume of cylinder), the cylinder, calculate effective volume of cylinder

C), calculate the crank angle of swing according to effective cylinder volume

D) close air intake valve according to the crank angle of swing

The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

Energy-saving and emission-reduction are hot issues of the world today, and the most outstanding beneficial effect of non-air throttle EFI internal-combustion engine is a thermal cycle hot merit conversion efficiency height.Just energy-conservation.

The EFI internal-combustion engine of 1 non-air throttle is compared with the common electrical injection internal combustion engine

The EFI internal-combustion engine of non-air throttle with have the closure internal-combustion engine to compare it to have reduced the gas exchange process power consumption, thereby improved the hot merit conversion efficiency.

The sectional area of supposing air inlet air intake valve and drain tap is very big, and (when closure is maximum) do not consider the power consumption of taking a breath during specified output, so indicator diagram such as Fig. 4 of the EFI internal-combustion engine of conventional EFI internal-combustion engine and non-air throttle during small-power output.

The internal-combustion engine thermal cycle that closure is arranged is 0-1 '-1 "-1-2-3-4-1 '-0.

0-0 '-1 " be aspirating stroke, 1 "-1-2 is compression stroke (1-2 is effective compression process), and 2-3 is a heating process, and 1-4 is an inflation process, 4-1 '-the 0th, exhaust stroke.

The thermal cycle that does not have the EFI internal-combustion engine of closure is 0-1 '-1-2-3-4-1 '-0.

0-1 ' is an aspirating stroke, and 1 '-1-2 is compression stroke (1-2 is a compression process, the 1 '-1st, air inlet adjustment), and 2-3 is a heating process, and 3-4 is an inflation process, 4-1 '-the 0th, exhaust stroke.

Effectively compression process, heating process, inflation process and exhaust process are identical for the internal-combustion engine that non-air throttle is arranged, and different be intake process (0-0 '-1 "-1 and 0-1 '-1).

When closure was maximum, non-air throttle 1 ' and 1 overlapping had closure 1 " and 1 also overlapping, intake process is identical.But when closure diminished, the loss of the merit of common electrical injection internal combustion engine intake process was bigger than the internal-combustion engine of this patent, and the more little loss of closure is big more.Therefore the hot merit conversion efficiency of the internal-combustion engine of non-air throttle has improved (closure than hour) greatly than the internal-combustion engine that closure is arranged.

The hot merit conversion efficiency of 2 non-air throttle EFI internal-combustion engines

Because different air inflows equivalence volume of cylinder difference is so different air inflows has different equivalent compress ratios.

The equivalent compress ratio is:

But no matter how air inflow changes, and the expansion ratio of internal-combustion engine is constant, and the expansion ratio n of internal-combustion engine only depends on the physical dimension of crank-link mechanism.

The EFI internal-combustion engine of non-air throttle like this during less than rating value, is the system of a compression ratio less than expansion ratio in air inflow.The P-V figure of its desirable thermal cycle Logarithm coordinates is Fig. 4, and the T-S figure of its thermal cycle Logarithm coordinates is Fig. 5.

Seeing very intuitively from Fig. 4, all is that the internal-combustion engine of m is compared with compression ratio and expansion ratio, its thermal cycle net work is many 4 '-4-1 '-1 one area.Suitable compression ratio and expansion ratio all are that the internal-combustion engine of m has had tail gas energy to utilize again.So its hot merit conversion efficiency is higher than compression ratio and expansion ratio all is the internal-combustion engine of m.

Can see very intuitively also that from Fig. 5 it all is that the internal-combustion engine of n is compared with compression ratio and expansion ratio, the external heat amount is identical, and the inflation process merit is identical, and just the compression process merit has reduced.Therefore its thermal cycle net work has increased, thereby the hot merit conversion efficiency of thermal cycle has also improved.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1, air inflow control principle,

The 1st, effective cylinder volume is with crank angle of swing change curve,

The 2nd, the air intake valve switching pulse

The P-V figure of Fig. 2, non-air throttle EFI internal-combustion engine,

The T-S figure of Fig. 3, non-air throttle EFI internal-combustion engine,

Fig. 4, the fixing hot merit conversion efficiency of air inflow EFI internal-combustion engine

The hot merit conversion efficiency of hot machine in Fig. 5, the numerical control EFI

Embodiment:

1. the fixing non-air throttle EFI internal-combustion engine of air inflow

1) notion:

Fixedly the EFI internal-combustion engine of air inflow is a kind of four-stroke EFI internal-combustion engine.Its maximum cylinder volume is 20V ₀, air inflow is 7V ₀

With common electrical injection internal combustion engine structure basic identical, but it does not have closure, does not have gas flow sensor, but control air inflow by the air intake valve shut-in time.Because it is fixing air inflow, so as long as the cam face of design distribution device just can be realized required air inflow.

Its inflation process is the adiabatic expansion process, uses the cylinder of thermoinsulation material, does not have radiation system.

2) basic fundamental parameter:

Maximum cylinder volume is 20V ₀,

Air inflow is 7V ₀

The expansion ratio of thermal cycle is 20

The compression ratio of thermal cycle is 7

3) energy-saving index

The four-stroke expansion ratio is that 20 compression ratios are 7 gasoline engine, according to different radiating conditions different thermal cycle hot merit conversion indicated efficiencies is arranged, as shown in Figure 6.

??E	??0	??0.05	??0.1	??0.15	??0.2	??0.25	??0.293
								??n	??1.2828	??1.3028	??1.3228	??1.3428	??1.3628	??1.3828	??1.4
Exhaust temperature	??1008.69	??950.033	??894.784	??842.748	??793.737	??747.578	??710.033
								Indicated efficiency η	??58.3％	??56.3％	??54.4％	??52.5％	??50.7％	??49.0％	??47.6％
Tail gas heat quantity	??41.7％	??38.2％	??35.0％	??31.9％	??29.0％	??26.3％	??24.1％
								Heat dissipating capacity	??0.0％	??5.5％	??10.6％	??15.6％	??20.2％	??24.7％	??28.3％

When E=0.05, have:

Indicated efficiency: 56.3%

Exhaust emissions heat: 38.2%

Heat dissipating capacity: 5.5%

If mechanical loss is 10%, so effective efficiency: 50%

4) use

Can be applicable to the motor of hybrid vehicle.

The internal combustion engine generator group of specific use

5) characteristics

The hot merit conversion efficiency is 1.7 times of regular gasoline internal-combustion engine.

Do not have closure, do not have air flow sensor, do not need radiation system, simple structure, high reliability.

Output power can not be adjusted.

2. numerical control EFI internal-combustion engine

1) notion:

Numerical control EFI internal-combustion engine is a kind of EFI internal-combustion engine that does not have closure.It realizes the control of air inflow by the shut-in time of control air intake valve.Therefore:

Its maximum cylinder volume is 10V ₀, the minimum actual volume of cylinder satisfies the idling requirement.

Numerical control EFI air-intake of combustion engine passage does not have closure, does not have air flow sensor, has only air-strainer.

The air intake valve of numerical control EFI internal-combustion engine is an electric control valve, and the shut-in time is subjected to ECU according to the effectively control of volume of cylinder.

Installation shaft angular encoder on the crankshaft of numerical control EFI internal-combustion engine can be measured the actual volume of cylinder in real time by shaft-position encoder.

The EFI pulse width is determined that by equivalent volume of cylinder the EFI pulse is suitably postponed to produce by the air intake valve close moment zero hour.

For guaranteeing that different air inflow inflation processes all is the constant entropy expansion state, radiation system is controlled.

Numerical control EFI internal-combustion engine ECU unit

A) hardware

The Throttle Opening Control interface

The Throttle Opening Control of numerical control EFI internal-combustion engine is by two-way speed, and auto zero operating handle (or revolving handle) is realized, again by accelerator open degree rate integrating accelerator open degree position (equivalent volume of cylinder).Cylinder equivalent volume when the initial position of integrator is corresponding idling.Integrator output maximum value is a cylinder maximum equivalent volume.Control rate can be selected between maximum value of selecting and 0 speed, can quicken and can slow down.

B) software

Gather accelerator open degree position (cylinder equivalent volume, air inflow)

Effective cylinder volume calculates

The driver of shaft-position encoder

The control program of radiation system

2) basic fundamental parameter

Maximum cylinder volume 10V ₀

Air inflow can be at 10V ₀Cylinder equivalent volume scope inner control during to idling

The figure place of shaft-position encoder is determined by the air inflow increments of change

The hot heat-transmission coefficient of equivalence is 0.293

3) energy-saving index

Because air inflow is equivalent cylinder capacity, so different air inflows just has different compression ratio compression ratio m,

If inflation process is the system of isentropic process, its hot merit transmission coefficient A=0.707 of system, hot merit conversion indicated efficiency is:

$\mathrm{\&eta;}=\frac{T_4(1-n^{-0.4})\&times;0.707-T_3(1-m^{-0.4})}{\mathrm{\&Delta;T}}=$

$=\frac{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="T"\; filenames="HSA00000075511400012.png,HSA00000075511400021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}_3+\mathrm{\&Delta;T})(1-n^{-0.4})\&times;0.707-T_3(1-m^{-0.4})}{\mathrm{\&Delta;T}}$

In the formula: T ₃Be the working medium temperature after compression process finishes,

T ₄Be the working medium temperature after heating process finishes,

The temperature difference of Δ T heating process

Because the combustion gas sky is so than being changeless, isochoric combustion, so the chemical energy of combustion gas equals the heat energy of working medium behind the finishing combustion, therefore no matter gas quantity what, the temperature difference of working medium is constant, Δ T is a constant.

Hot merit conversion indicated efficiency when air inflow is maximum during compression ratio identical with expansion ratio (m=n) is:

η _E＝1-n ^-0.4

When m＜n, after just air inflow reduces, hot merit conversion indicated efficiency will increase.

Expansion ratio is 10, and the temperature difference of heating process is 1700 degree, various inlet amount and hot merit conversion indicated efficiency, exhaust emissions amount and heat dissipating capacity such as following table:

Relative air inflow	??0.33	??0.4	??0.5	??0.6	??0.7	??0.8	??0.9	??1
									Indicated efficiency	??43.9％	??42.6％	??40.9％	??39.4％	??38.1％	??36.9％	??35.8％	??34.7％
Tail gas heat quantity	??33.5％	??34.4％	??35.5％	??36.5％	??37.5％	??38.3％	??39.1％	??39.8％
									Heat dissipating capacity	??22.7％	??23.1％	??23.6％	??24.0％	??24.4％	??24.8％	??25.1％	??25.5％

Fig. 7 is relative air inflow and hot merit conversion efficiency curve.

The internal-combustion engine that can see non-air throttle increases on the contrary along with air inflow reduces the hot merit conversion efficiency.So just improved the combustion engine energy-saving performance greatly.

4) use

Can be used as general automobile engine

The generating set of load variations

5) characteristics

Rated power output is identical with ordinary internal combustion engine, and the output maximum moment is identical.

The hot merit conversion efficiency was high when ratio was run at high speed when running at a low speed. Therefore more being fit to the city travels.

Exhaust emissions cleans more, more environmental protection.

Intake passage structure is simple, and reliability is high.

It is convenient that speed operation is more prone to

Claims (3)

1. an EFI internal-combustion engine that does not have closure is controlled air inflow by control air intake valve close moment, it is characterized in that:

Gas-entered passageway has been cancelled closure and air flow sensor.Direct and the intake manifold link of air-strainer,

2. the internal-combustion engine that does not have closure according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Fixedly the EFI internal-combustion engine of air inflow is a kind of four-stroke EFI internal-combustion engine.Its maximum cylinder volume is 20V ₀, air inflow is 7V ₀

With common electrical injection internal combustion engine structure basic identical, but it does not have closure, does not have gas flow sensor, but control air inflow by the air intake valve shut-in time.Because it is fixing air inflow, so as long as the cam face of design distribution device just can be realized required air inflow.

Its inflation process is the adiabatic expansion process, uses the cylinder of thermoinsulation material, does not have radiation system.

3. the internal-combustion engine that does not have closure according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Its maximum cylinder volume is 10V ₀, the minimum actual volume of cylinder satisfies the idling requirement.

Numerical control EFI air-intake of combustion engine passage does not have closure, does not have air flow sensor, has only air-strainer,

The air intake valve of numerical control EFI internal-combustion engine is an electric control valve, and the shut-in time is subjected to ECU according to the effectively control of volume of cylinder,

Installation shaft angular encoder on the crankshaft of numerical control EFI internal-combustion engine can be measured the actual volume of cylinder in real time by shaft-position encoder,

The EFI pulse width is determined that by equivalent volume of cylinder the EFI pulse is suitably postponed to produce by the air intake valve close moment zero hour,

For guaranteeing that different air inflow inflation processes all is the constant entropy expansion state, radiation system is controlled.

Numerical control EFI internal-combustion engine ECU unit

A) hardware

The Throttle Opening Control interface

The Throttle Opening Control of numerical control EFI internal-combustion engine is by two-way speed, and auto zero operating handle (or revolving handle) is realized, again by accelerator open degree rate integrating accelerator open degree position (equivalent volume of cylinder).Cylinder equivalent volume when the initial position of integrator is corresponding idling.Integrator output maximum value is a cylinder maximum equivalent volume.Control rate can be selected between maximum value of selecting and 0 speed, can quicken and can slow down.

B) software

Gather accelerator open degree position (cylinder equivalent volume, air inflow)

Effective cylinder volume calculates

The driver of shaft-position encoder

The control program of radiation system.

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