CN1018165B - Apparatus and method for abrasive cleaning or cutting - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for abrasive cleaning or cuttingInfo
- Publication number
- CN1018165B CN1018165B CN89102149A CN89102149A CN1018165B CN 1018165 B CN1018165 B CN 1018165B CN 89102149 A CN89102149 A CN 89102149A CN 89102149 A CN89102149 A CN 89102149A CN 1018165 B CN1018165 B CN 1018165B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- air
- liquid
- pressure
- abrasive grains
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for abrasive cleaning or cutting, in particular for underwater use, with a relatively low-pressure nozzle 19, in which abrasive from an abrasive tank 3 is mixed in a pressure mixing zone 1 with compressed air supplied by a gas supply line 2 and with water supplied by a water supply line 15 to form an abrasive gas flow. The mixing zone is arranged such that at least part of the surface of the abrasive particles in the abrasive gas stream is wetted with liquid and entrained in an air or air/liquid spray as a carrier. Preferably 5-10% of the liquid is in an atomized state, the remainder of the liquid being used to coat the surface of the abrasive particles. The apparatus of the present invention includes a valve that automatically actuates, shuts off, or otherwise shuts off the apparatus at a surface location.
Description
The present invention relates to the method and the equipment thereof of abrasive cleaning or grinding and cutting.
Craft or electric power polish-brush, scraping, technology such as cutter are adopted in the underwater cleaning on surface for many years always.
Recently, for improving cleaning efficiency, begun to adopt the Abrasive blast system of high pressure ejection abrasive material thin pulp, the ejection of water entrain abrasive material.Situation as the seabed cleaning that is applied in the metal structure weld zone requires to have high-level cleaning before carrying out safety test and detecting.Yet use this thin pulp cleaning to also have many difficulties at present.In order to reach effective cleaning action, to reach from the partial fluid static pressure (ambient pressure) of nozzle ejection thin pulp and to be at least 2000 pounds/inch
2(141kg/cm
2), more typical is that hydrostatic pressure will reach 7000-15000 pound/inch
2(490-1060kg/cm
2).In addition, also need the aspirator and the parts of the very high transmission pressure of ability.Very strong recoil strength acts on nozzle, will cause location and operating difficulties.For the diver of operating equipment, exist very big danger, and, because the high pressure of thin pulp also easily makes device interior produce strong wearing and tearing.
Method and apparatus described in the European patent EP 0086616 relates to the abrasive cleaning system that uses in dry land.Particularly, wherein clearly indicate, adding water in milled mixtures is in order to absorb dust and sand grains, just and the problem of dust and sand grains only can produce in the land of drying.
The method and apparatus that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of abrasive cleaning under water and/or cutting by discharging milled mixtures with the relatively low overvoltage that is higher than the environment liquid static pressure, and reaches effective cleaning and/or cutting operation.
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of abrasive cleaning under water and/or cutting, wherein grinding air-flow comprises by abrasive grains, the mixture that air and liquid are formed, and it is wetting and carry the abrasive grains that body is carried as grinding in the spraying of air or air/liquid by liquid substantially to comprise the surface, this grinding air-flow prepares in the mixed zone of a pressurization at first, be directed into surface for clearance and/or cutting then under water, it is characterized in that: this method also comprises the working depth according to cleaning and/or cutting, to this abrasive grains, the flow velocity of air and liquid and the pressure of mixed zone carry out relative adjustment, thereby make the grinding air-flow have aforesaid composition, and being directed into underwater surface with the pressure that is higher than the environment liquid static pressure, described pressure is less than 100 pounds/inch
2(7kg/cm
2).
The invention still further relates to the equipment that is used for abrasive cleaning under water and/or cutting, it comprises: the mixed zone that is used for abrasive grains, air and a kind of liquid are mixed into milled mixtures; With controlled abrasive grains, pressure air and liquid are fed to the device of mixed zone, thereby make the grinding air-flow that obtains comprise that the surface is wetting and carry the abrasive grains that body is carried as grinding in the spraying of air or air/liquid by liquid substantially; Be used for to the outlet nozzle of for clearance and/or cutting surface discharge this grinding air-flow under water; And this mixed zone and this outlet nozzle coupled together, so that will grind the pipeline that air-flow is transported to this nozzle; It is characterized in that: also be provided with the basis working depth of nozzle under water, the flow velocity of this abrasive grains, air and liquid and the pressure of mixture are carried out relative adjustment, thereby will have the grinding air-flow of component as mentioned above, via this nozzle discharge, this pressure is less than 100 pounds/inch with the pressure that belongs to this nozzle place environment liquid static pressure
2(7kg/cm
2).
The most basic aspect of the present invention is based on that following result of study draws, promptly with the prefabricated grinding air-flow of special mode (will describe in detail in the back), can reach with quite low nozzle exit pressure with a kind of method and apparatus and to carry out faster, safer, more effective cleaning.Really, we have found that the effect of this grinding air-flow is quite effective, so that can reach the purpose of grinding and cutting material with it.
According to the most basic aspect of the present invention, a kind of abrasive cleaning and/or cutting equipment are provided, this equipment is particularly suitable for abrasive cleaning or cutting under water, but is not limited only to this.This equipment comprises that one is used for the mixed zone (" air " this speech also comprises other gas here) with abrasive grains, air and liquid mixing; One is used for to nozzle for clearance or cutting surface discharge mixed airflow; Article one, the pipeline that mixed zone and nozzle are coupled together is used for the grinding air-flow is transported to nozzle; And be used for providing the device of abrasive grains, air and liquid to the mixed zone, the mode that provides is, surface (preferably all surfaces) to the small part abrasive grains in the mixed grinding air-flow is wetting by liquid, and is carried as the body that carries of abrasive grains by air or air/liquid spraying.
The present invention further also provides the method for a kind of abrasive cleaning or cutting, this method make the grinding air-flow that constituted by abrasive grains, air and mixtures of liquids with pressure injection to the surface of for clearance and/or cutting, the surface of grinding abrasive grains in the air-flow is wetting by liquid at least in part, and is transmitted or transmitted by the spraying of the air/liquid body that carries as abrasive grains by air.
Wish to grind air-flow and carrying abrasive grains secretly with good Sprayable and leave the mixed zone, preferably under pressure mixture is sent.The present invention can obtain to spray and the particle of moistened surface by accurate control and the ratio of measuring abrasive grains, air and liquid exactly, reduces the resistance when grinding air-flow and flowing out, and increases usefulness widely.
Control the composition of feed rightly, just can under the situation that does not need sprayer, obtain needed grinding air-flow (entering the mixed zone with the form that has atomized) by means of liquid." atomizing " this speech refers to the drop form wetting removal abrasive grains of liquid with enough sizes in the present invention.
In fact, under suitable condition, the abrasive grains among the present invention itself can be dispersed in the liquid that grinds in the air-flow, produces desired effect.The factor that produces dispersion or atomization condition in grinding air-flow can comprise: the size of abrasive grains size, operational depth, the flow velocity and the nozzle exit pressure of grinding air-flow.
In more detail, the liquid that present device provided is with continuous liquid-flow state (promptly at first, be not atomizing) come impact compress air/abrasive grains air-flow, by means of the effect of abrasive grains bundle and the disturbance that will inevitably produce, make liquid stream become the drop that size is a bit larger tham the abrasive grains size very soon.Required wetting for realizing, must there be enough length and enough action volumes in the mixed zone, so that further decompose said drop (because the mechanical effect of particle disturbance, drop disturbance and mixed zone shape, particularly because the effect of the connection at the effect of mixed zone wall, liquid-inlet place etc.), and then make the size of drop reach identical substantially with the size of abrasive grains.We have found that this size is only for desired degree of wetting.
The present invention guarantees behind the wetting intact abrasive grains and the liquid of residue 5-10% with the control liquid supply speed, utilizes the mixed zone of above-mentioned sufficient length to make to be easy to form to grind air-flow.
The mixed zone is made of a long rigid pipe, imports the compressed air of an amount of volume and pressure at an end of pipe.The internal diameter of mixed zone is identical with the internal diameter that imports compressed-air actuated pipeline, so that keep the speed of air stream.The mixed zone is preferably longer relatively, so that make an abrasive grains air-flow that air stream and air carry secretly with fused mutually before liquid stream contact, the best and air/abrasive grains of the importing that liquid flows flows at angle.
The mixed zone preferably has action volume, is made into by following so that realize to grind air-flow: the abrasive grains that grinds in the air-flow is wetted to small part, as, the about best 90-95% of 80-100%() liquid in order to coat abrasive grains.Remaining liquid even have also seldom, forms good spray ejection.
For underwater operation, the liquid of atomizing should preferably be no more than 10% of the liquid that uses, and this is because we have found that, a large amount of fog-like liquids can hinder and grind flowing of air-flow, is reduced in lip-deep abrasive action for clearance.
Preferably there is a top means of communication (from pressure abrasive material bucket or pressure abrasive can) mixed zone, by this mechanism abrasive grains is introduced air stream, introduce the amount of the abrasive grains of air stream and carefully, accurately regulate supply in the ratio of volume of air/pressure by the following valve gear that will narrate; In addition, has another path in the downstream of abrasive material means of communication, by this path liquid is imported, can use the variable volume positive-displacement pump during input liquid or measure pump (metering pump), or adopt the control valve device, or adopt above-mentioned both accurately control the amount of the liquid of input therefrom.
Should as put into practice, with top (abrasive material inlet) means of communication near the means of communication setting of air intake, as, be approximately 4 " 6 " (100mm-150mm), like this, the intrinsic disturbance of flowing at this place air will cause the maximum disturbance of abrasive grains.We have found that, the disturbance of air stream and when running at high speed and the result that collides of abrasive grains, be to make liquid become the good dispersant of good vaporific liquid, therefore, liquid can the downstream, mixed zone either party just part with the form input of the form of continuous flow or jet flow, and, simultaneously, also guaranteed wetting completely (or being coated in the liquid film) of abrasive grains without any need for the atomizer of other form.This effect has reached the optimum efficiency of underwater operation, and is also desirable just.
Therefore, the amount of input liquid is compared mutually with the amount of importing gas, just as the size of abrasive grains is of equal importance.Liquid stream very little or air fail to be convened for lack of a quorum and make abrasive grains or part abrasive grains be in drying regime, can lower efficiency greatly like this, and increase the wearing and tearing of device interior greatly.Too a large amount of liquid can form lining (Cushion) between the surface of abrasive grains and for clearance or cutting.In actual applications, paying attention to this specific character in earnest and controlling is of great use, as, only need dismantle partly or the place of dirt.
If liquid is imported the mixed zone prior to abrasive grains, its effect is almost identical.But this amount that makes the liquid generation disperse also to atomize subsequently by the abrasive grains bump is seldom, so this method efficient is very low, unless increase dispersal device in addition, as, sprayer or atomising device used.When the such arrangement of needs,, need more careful operation for fear of forming the abrasive particle (a build up of damp abrasive) that weakens at mixing chamber.
For making uniform compound abrasive produce maximum usefulness, the discharge orifice of mixed zone should be roughly the same with the diameter of air intlet, and the internal diameter that grinds the pipeline of air-flow to the nozzle clearing conveying should be identical with the internal diameter of pipeline from air to the mixed zone that carry.
Because filthy air will produce deleterious effects and finally cause obstruction effect, therefore, in the air conveyance conduit filter will be installed, to remove entrained oil and moisture.
Liquid should be quite to clean clean or seawater.For underwater cleaning or cutting, liquid generally should adopt with executable operations in identical medium in the medium of present position.For the situation of operation under water, use other liquid if desired, surface tension that this liquid had and viscosity should roughly equate with water (operation of entering in water).We find, if liquid before entering the mixed zone, be heated (as, can use hot water), the performance of this equipment can increase in some cases.
Abrasive grains can be selected ore in sand form (as sharp sand), coarse sand (grit), copper ashes or other common material for use.Abrasive grains should have good quality, and is dry and clean, and typical granularity is 16-30.The size of abrasive grains is suitable (for underwater operation, the diameter range of general hybrid particles is 0.6-1.5mm) with the about 0.02mm-2.5mm of diameter.Preferably abrasive grains is entrained in earlier before entering the mixed zone in the compressed air stream, arrives the pressure mixed zone by a single inlet then.In operation, the device by means of set air to abrasive grains supply system input relatively high pressure helps to order about abrasive grains uniform and stable ground and flows into the mixed zone.
Admixture of the present invention is the mixture that forms by mixing air, water and abrasive grains equably.Compare with the high pressure nozzle pressure of known system, the present invention has adopted quite low nozzle exit pressure when using under water, typically says, for the cleaning purpose, partial fluid static pressure (Local hydrostatic pressure) is less than 100 pounds/inch
2(7kg/cm
2), as, be generally 20-50 pound/inch
2(1.4-3.5kg/cm
2), for the cutting purpose, local static pressure is 30-80 pound/inch
2(2-5.5kg/cm
2), increased effect and efficient greatly.In fact, the surface of all basically abrasive grains had both made with extremely low nozzle exit pressure ejection with when more thorough more effective mode is wetting so far in grinding air-flow, and its resistance that flows in water also can reduce greatly.And, since on the surface of for clearance or cutting suitable low of the impact velocity that applies, so resulting reaction force is also very low.Therefore, in surface for clearance being applied the scale removal process of grinding air-flow, the surface tension that covers the liquid film of each abrasive grains can be passed object surfaces for clearance, and is not opened by bounce-back, has therefore reached the maximum utilization of grinding airflow kinetic energy.
As mentioned above, must carefully control the supply composition that grinds air-flow.In general, equipment of the present invention has following specification requirement:
Abrasive grains flow: 0.25-4.0kg/min is preferably 2.0kg/min
Fluid flow: 0.25-10litres/min is preferably 2 liters/minute.
Air velocity: 600-1350m
3/ hr.
Mixed zone volume: 120-500cm
3, be preferably 250cm
3
Mixed zone pressure: the static pressure around the general nozzle is approximately 3.5kg/cm
2
The flow velocity of air and the pressure of mixed zone depend on the degree of depth of underwater operation.According to the present invention, adjusting can adopt manual or automatic mode to carry out.Fluid flow also can be regulated by the following manual or automatic mode that will narrate on demand.The numerical value of listing above is typically to be used for the work of about 400 feet (122M) degree of depth under water, and for darker depth bounds, some numerical value will correspondingly change, and this is to understand easily for a person skilled in the art.Detailed preferred value for compressed-air actuated supply pressure and flow velocity will be provided by table 1:
Table 1
The compressed air value
The minimum minimal compression amount of depth of implements compressed air supply pressure
Foot rice pound/inch
2Kilograms per centimeter
2Cube Foot/decimetre
3/ time
50 15 100 7 350 595
100 30 100 7 350 595
150 46 125 8.8 400 680
200 61 150 10.6 450 765
250 76 175 12.3 500 850
300 92 200 14.1 550 935
350 107 225 15.8 600 1020
400 122 250 17.6 650 1105
What use is that method and apparatus provided by the present invention is to scrub rather than strong injection for surface to be cleaned, the underwater cleaning method known to it is different from so far under the situation of quite low nozzle exit pressure.Typically say, a kind of milled mixtures provided by the present invention can be driven pass the surface or the effect from the teeth outwards, eradicate or wipe covering or the dirt that will remove.This shows that the present invention can remove the built-in dirt in crackle, crack and the surface crater, and is more much better than the effect that feasible in the past method is cleared up.
Under water under the situation of grinding and cutting material, use that device of the present invention can cut common casting pipeline, winding safer and more effectively or have tectal pipeline, as the pipeline of forming by concrete or synthetic material.Preferably using the localized liquid static pressure is about 30-80 pound/inch
2(2-5.5kg/cm
2) nozzle row unload pressure (that is, generally be higher than a little when being used for abrasive cleaning pressure).
By operator's manipulating nozzles, the grinding air-flow stop from the teeth outwards of control flow ipe is normal requirement for grinding system under water.Yet, during the operation of depths, stopping to flow under water in case grind air-flow, the pressure of mixed zone will be reduced to atmospheric pressure along with the step-down of abrasive can.Owing to the hydrostatic pressure around soft conveyance conduit is that increase along with the degree of depth increases basically, this will cause abrasive mixture to backflow by the acceleration of carrier pipe, produces siphonic effect, flows into the equipment that is arranged in the surface.
Second aspect of the present invention is for solving the milling apparatus that such problem designs.
According to second aspect of the present invention, an equipment that is used for abrasive cleaning under water and/or cutting is provided, this equipment comprises: one is used for abrasive grains, air and a kind of liquid are mixed into the mixed zone of milled mixtures, and one is used for the nozzle to the surface discharge mixture air-flow of for clearance or cutting; Article one, be connected between mixed zone and the nozzle, be used for and grind the pipeline that air-flow is transported to nozzle, it is characterized by, valve gear is arranged on the upstream and/or the downstream of mixed zone, increases to the equipment that is arranged in the surface to control effectively or to prevent in ducted refluence owing to grinding air-flow.
Valve gear should move according to the partial fluid static pressure of nozzle, preferably automatically operate control by signal from nozzle, but also can adopt the Machine Operator manually to control, the operator is according to the indication of above-mentioned signal or (nozzle place) pressure loss, or control according to the indication of the pressure differential that produce to flow backwards between nozzle output pressure and the partial fluid static pressure, and this moment partial fluid static pressure or bigger than nozzle place pressure, or bigger than the pressure of mixed zone.
Each valve gear by an elastic hose and can be fully or the device that partly compresses this flexible pipe constitute, this elastic hose remains in the valve chamber under the longitudinal pressure effect, and is fixed by the expansion of its supporting surface (abutments) in the valve chamber.Such setting can make in operation corresponding flowable media can pass through flexible pipe.Supporting surface in the valve chamber is arranged at least a portion surface action in flexible pipe, and the fixed surface of flexible pipe is away from the axis of flexible pipe.
The shape of supporting surface makes the radial pressure of under longitudinal pressure effect tube wall inside greater than the radial pressure of tube wall outside, makes also that simultaneously the vertical counter-pressure away from tube wall acts on the tube wall.Because the reliability that flexible pipe is arranged in the valve chamber depends on the standing part of hose wall and direction and the power that supporting surface bears against mutually, so even under very low relatively longitudinal pressure, the structure of this valve also can effectively prevent the danger of flexible pipe displacement.Lower longitudinal pressure will make hose bending become the fluid course of the minimum mouth of pipe, therefore, has reduced the wear extent of flexible pipe inner surface.
Known elastic hose valve also has shortcoming, and they can not be transferred to the structure of required maximum and/or minimum fluid course in advance.
Therefore, another aspect of the present invention has provided a kind ofly blocks the valve that the device of this flexible pipe is formed whole or in part by elastic hose and being used for, this elastic hose remains in the valve chamber under longitudinal pressure, and by the expansion of its supporting surface in the valve chamber and fix, such installation can make in use flowable medium can pass through flexible pipe.The said device that is used to compress flexible pipe can be transferred to the degree of compression of needed pipe when activating in advance.
Best form is: compression set has the relative both sides that two chucks are pressed in flexible pipe, in order to lean on mutually or extruding of effect separately or release flexible pipe, makes it to close or open.One of them chuck can adopt manual adjustments, and another chuck adopts remote actuated.Thereby this valve has function (having " the valve-closing function breaks down ") of shaking control " on-off " control valve for fluids and the function of manually controlling fluid detector or control valve concurrently, is used for control or/and regulate flowable medium.
Flowable medium can from as: choose dry powder, particle, granular crystal, liquid, thin pulp and abrasive grains wet or that do or the corrosive medium that no matter wet or dried.
A purposes of above-mentioned valve is the detection-control valve as abrasive grains in the equipment, and it can respond desired opening or/and the instruction of closing fast, as, can be used in the abrasive cleaning system and application of the present invention described in the BP NO.2097304.
The present invention can combine with inventive principle well, be applied in realized in recent years, through in the low pressure abrasive cleaning system that has improved.The theme of BP No 2097304 has related to a kind of like this device.
For further understanding the present invention, please see embodiment and accompanying drawing correspondingly:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of abrasive cleaning or cutting equipment under water;
Fig. 2 is the modified schematic diagram of equipment shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another kind of abrasive cleaning under water or cutting equipment;
Fig. 4 is the modified schematic diagram of equipment shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the partial cut away side views of mixed zone;
Fig. 6 is the partial cut away side views of current limit control valve;
Fig. 7 is the profile along A-A line among Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is the front view of control handwheel;
Fig. 9 shows is profile position, valve along Fig. 7 situation when being in part and closing;
Among Figure 10, what (a) show is that profile position, valve along Fig. 7 is in the situation when cutting out fully, and what (b) show is vertical view when valve cuts out fully in Fig. 6.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 have at length showed abrasive cleaning or the grinding and cutting equipment that is applicable under the seawater, represent each parts with sequence number in the accompanying drawings.Be provided with the device that ducted liquid is ejected into the mixed zone in the equipment that Fig. 2 showed, and do not have this injection apparatus in the equipment shown in Figure 1.The composition of grinding air-flow that is provided to the mixed zone is mainly from compressed air piping 2, abrasive can 3 and water tank 4.
Abrasive can 3 carries out supercharging by compressed air hose 2a and spring valve in operating process, with abrasive grains by the accurate current-limiting type outlet regulating device 9(accurate metering type outlet regulator that regulates display (setting indicator) is housed) be input in the main air pipe 2, arrive the inlet 10 of compressed air/abrasive grains mixed zone.Provide an amount of abrasive to replenish with often driving pressure-reducing valve 11 to abrasive can.In addition, can also use two abrasive cans and valve correspondingly and pipeline, connect, make even uninterruptedly underwater operation when replenishing abrasive once more by switching valve.
Water in the water tank 4 is sent to water pump 13, and therefrom through carrier pipe 15(by the injector among the y-branch among Fig. 1 16 and Fig. 2 16 ') enter mixed zone 1, mix forming the grinding air-flow with compressed air/abrasive grains mixture.According to BP NO 2097304, water pump 13 provides power by compressd-air motor 14, and air is provided by same main air supply pipe 2.
Water pump is the positive displacement type pump preferably, and its discharge capacity can be that fix or variable, and making the flow that liquid is provided is 1 to 10 liter of per minute, and the pressure around the nozzle surpasses 100 pounds/inch
2(7kg/cm
2).
The speed of flow regulator 26 control motors and pump makes fluid flow to be conditioned, to produce best grinding flow conditions.Flow regulator 26 is arranged in the air duct of air supply motor-mount pump air.
Pump also can be by any other suitable drive power source (not shown), and links to each other with proper speed adjuster or/and flow regulator.
The parts of the said equipment cover by shell, are installed on the sea level or are higher than the sea level to install.The outlet 17 of mixed zone 1 connects the carrier pipe 18 with common flexible structure and imports (dotted line is represented) under water, is communicated with discharge nozzle 19.This discharge nozzle 19 is by diver's depths operation under water, and general depth bounds is a 1-300 rice, or is deeper than 300 meters.
For preventing to produce the danger of siphonage because of above-mentioned layout, on above-mentioned main steam line 2, common normally close valve 8 is housed, and be provided with the normally closed control valve 20 of gas tightening seal that another one stops abrasive to flow, in order to when contingency abrasive can pressure descends, to close the abrasive material induction system.In addition, common check valve 21(also is installed on feed pipe 15 also can replaces if desired with normally close valve), this valve is arranged on Y type arm 16(Fig. 1) or the upstream of injector head 16 ' (Fig. 2).
In the structure that another kind has been simplified (Fig. 3 demonstration), used the valve of picture self-closing valve 20 1 classes, this valve can carry out flow-control with manual increase abrasive material, thereby save adjuster 9.This valve will describe in the example of Fig. 6-10 of back.
For increasing security, prevent leakage and malfunctioning, in mixed zone 1 with between exporting 17 auxiliary valve 37 is installed, as Fig. 1, shown in 3,4.This valve can be self-closing valve or normally close valve, and is communicated with " on-off " switch 98, as shown in Figure 1.Common " check valve " or " check-valves " is installed in the air supply pipe 2 (not shown) as protector, to prevent just in case valve 8 takes place malfunctioning.
Just as will be described, keep lower nozzle exit pressure during for operation under water, as, the pressure around the nozzle is about 100 pounds/inch at most
2(7kg/cm
2), be input in the system compressed-air actuated pressure as power source and control source by pipe 2, must always be higher than the pressure around the nozzle 19, desirable minimum overvoltage is 25 a pounds/inch
2(1.7kg/cm
2).Like this, entering the pressure that liquid state in the carrier pipe 18 grinds air-flow must correspondingly increase, and its flow velocity can be by suitable adjustment, so that corresponding bigger partial fluid static pressure is arranged running under the bigger depth of implements.This is to realize by the variation that the pressure detecting conveyer 22 that is arranged on nozzle 19 places induces the partial fluid static pressure.Pressure gauge 23 is installed in this equipment, the indication operator apart from the working depth on surface or/and hydrostatic pressure.
Referring to Fig. 1, differential guide's gauge tap 99(differential pilot control switch) or similarly switch is preferably used in decompression, or switch air supply source, conversion from or be input to the signal of telecommunication on actuator 8,11a, 20a and the 37a of valve, they are closed, make by managing 2 pressure that enter into the main air of this system to be reduced to or to approach by the pressure around the detected nozzle of pressure detecting conveyer 22." starting " switch 43 makes the pressure control pipe road carry out initial pressurising, and carries out pressure and replenish when contingency has leakage.This switch can link to each other with an on-off switch 27, all closes with the valve that guarantees whole system when starting.
Manually overload adjuster 24a and 25a are attached to guide's control usually and increase on the joint device 24 and 25, play the add-on security protective effect or as the modified structure of adjuster, if " having only hand-guided " is best words.Also be provided with adjuster isolating valve, (Regulatorisolating valves) and check valve simultaneously.
For guaranteeing the gas tightening seal of valve 20 under very high counter-pressure when the operation of depths, used a kind of structure of having improved, this structure can make the identical hydrostatic pressure that is obtained by detection conveyer 22 be provided on the actuator 20a of valve 20, apply the power of closing that is equal to or higher than the total counter-pressure that acts on valve inside for actuator 20a, make and open valve.Additional spring helps to increase the power of closing.When needs were measured the abrasive material of output abrasive can 3, primary air entered into " opening " side of the actuator 20a of valve by the effect of switch and controlled adjuster, thereby valve is opened.
Though this improved structure is suitable for Fig. 2 or equipment shown in Figure 4, for clarity sake, only in Fig. 4, dispose this structure, in the figure, switch is designated as 35, and controlled adjuster is 36.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 have demonstrated substantially and have included pneumatic (or selecting hydraulic pressure or electronic for use) control valve 8,20 and 37 and the equipment of water pump 13, these valves can provide the very fast response time, improved security, and be easy to operate control, particularly depth of implements chin-deep under water.
Therefore, the total ON/OFF control valve 6 of the compressed air in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 by a normally close valve 6 ' replace, it is opened and closed by open/close system 27 control.Simultaneously, when switch 27 placed the position of " opening ", all other gauge tap all became " connection " position.
Manual automatic control switch 28 cuts off remote control guide's adjuster 24 and 25(remotepilot regulators), make manual guide's adjuster 24a and 25a carry out work, vice versa.Like this, before operating an adjuster each time, just do not need to have closed another adjuster.Gauge tap 29 plays actuator.
The on-off switch 30 of pump has guaranteed to quit work when system switching 27 is in the off-position together with cutting out normally close valve 31 automatically, and makes pump obtain independent control.
For further being convenient to operation, in Fig. 3 and equipment shown in Figure 4, having set up and promoted abrasive stable device that flows out from abrasive can 3.Like this, choked flow switch 32 is together with control operation device 33 and often drive flow divider 34 and constituted and can make valve 8 under the situation of operate as normal, when in the generation tank 3 during the abrasive outgoing failure and the device of closing promotes abrasive material to flow out so that apply sufficient air pressure.When switch 32 was in " throttling " position, control operation device 33 can make valve 34 open, and valve 8 cuts out.
Abrasive material switch 35 and adjuster 36 offer normally close valve 20(Fig. 4 with air) " opening " side (downside) of pneumatic actuator, give by 37a(Fig. 3) or 22(Fig. 4) this actuator of " cutting out " side (upside) of the actuator that is applied to provides back-pressure, and valve is opened.
Standby safety shut-off valve 37 is operated in the mode similar to above-mentioned valve 20, and it also can be a common normally close valve shown in Figure 4.Also used safety interlock in this equipment, only made when system pressure (A) is higher than the ambient pressure of nozzle 22, signal could be by the situation of valve 20 and 37(Fig. 3) or the situation by valve 37(Fig. 4) them opened.Interlock can adopt differential pilot pressure switch 38(Fig. 3) or adopt guide switch 38 and pressure switch 39(Fig. 4), or other similar switch.
Example as shown in Figure 3, similarly safety interlock switch 38A is arranged on " on-off " switch 27 of compressed air tunnel, unless in case the pressure of any part work-admission line 2 of locking system is higher than nozzle 22 pressure on every side.
Fig. 5 illustrates in greater detail the structure of mixed zone 1.The mixed zone is generally cylindrical shape, and its diameter is identical substantially with the diameter of air hose 2.Feed pipe (shown in the arrow X) is communicated with Y type arm 16, makes water enter the mixed zone from sidepiece, impacts the grinding air-flow that enters into entrance area 10 from abrasive can 3.On Y type arm, do not install atomizer.
According to the present invention, disturbance of having described and other factors can make abrasive grains wetting, can be in discharge region 17 outputs of mixed zone so that grind air-flow.
Preferably valve 20 is or/and 37 use " break down and cut out automatically " valves, in case when the supply of total compression air taking place interrupting, this valve uses the spring of cutting out of the sufficient intensity that is had to keep cutting out.This valve shows by accompanying drawing 6-10, and is illustrated with reference to Fig. 3, and Fig. 3 has schematically represented such valve and relevant with it control.
With reference to Fig. 6 to Figure 10, this valve is made of rubber neck ' e ', and rubber neck ' e ' places between two the coaxial valve chambers that are oppositely arranged ' a ' and ' b ' that constitute whole valve body tightly.The length of rubber neck is slightly larger than the length sum of its two valve chambers that are positioned at, so that it always is subjected to axial compressive force.
The external diameter of rubber neck ' e ' is identical with the internal diameter of valve chamber in the valve body or be slightly larger than the internal diameter of valve chamber, to produce the interference fit of appropriateness.The two ends of rubber neck are flat, and vertical with the through hole of this sleeve pipe.
Taper preferably is processed in the bottom ' 0 ' of each valve chamber in the valve body, becomes 5 °-10 ° angle with level, so that can apply constant " clamping " or " distortion (set) " power to the two ends of rubber neck after these parts assemble.Maximum clamping force will apply towards the through hole direction of rubber neck and the machined surface that leaves this casing axis.
Therefore, when rubber neck is subjected to internal forces or external force, or when being subjected to these two kinds of power, the end of rubber neck will keep sealing facing to the end of valve chamber.
For the gravitational discharge material, should make usually that valve module is vertical with valve chamber to be installed, as shown in Figure 6, make valve body half ' a ' be positioned at the bottom, second half ' b ' is positioned at top, and for by pump or pressure discharges material, valve module can be installed along any plane.
As shown in Figure 7, the inner surface of one or two valve chambers or communicating surface are made into the rectangle that has fillet, this rectangle has enough degree of depth, so that when two valve chambers of valve body are bolted together, can give chuck ' c ', ' d ' with suitable gap, and shown as accompanying drawing.Chuck ' c ', ' d ' can adopt the shape of roller.
When sleeve pipe ' e ' was fixed on two valve chambers of valve body, chuck was positioned at the relative both sides of sleeve pipe.
Pneumatic actuator ' k ' (20a among Fig. 3) is the universal product (also can select common electric power or hydraulic actuator for use).As shown in the figure, it is supported the side that bar ' n ' is fixed on case member.Motion mode is, when actuator is failure to actuate, the one section distance that will grow than the diameter of sleeve pipe ' e ' inner chamber of actuator shaft ' j ' movable (stretching, extension), with promote chuck ' d ' again compression sleeve it is closed, seal tightly the mouth of pipe or the passage by sleeve pipe.
Spring ' m ' is around actuator shaft ' j ' and lean on keeper ' l '.Spring has enough power under compressive state, can overcome when actuator is not worked the operating pressure that acts on the sleeve channel make a concerted effort and during the sleeve pipe compression intrinsic resistance, fully impeller-hub ' j ' stretches, and closes sleeve channel.
As shown in Figure 3, the dbl act actuator is optional to be used to provide additional power, in order to stretch actuator shaft under very high operating pressure condition.
The design of actuator should make when power be applied on the actuator, when going to withdraw this, it can overcome spring force ' m ', withdrawal axle ' j ' fully, makes sleeve pipe be returned to the state of opening passage fully.This state is that actuator ' k ' is in negative load condition or " duty ", as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
Chuck ' c ' is controlled by manually-operated handwheel ' g ' (sequence number 69 among Fig. 3), has a dial ' p ' and pointer (shown in Figure 8) on the handwheel.The rotatable threaded hand wheel shaft of handwheel ' f ' passes the axle supporting ' h ' that is installed in valve body ' a ', ' b ' sidepiece.Axle supporting ' h ' is to support by the cramp bar ' i ' that extends along valve body.General pitch is 1mm.If desired, axle supporting also can select for use with valve body as the structure of one or directly be installed to structure on the valve body.
Hand wheel shaft ' f ' is leaning chuck ' c ' with the form of common spiral, and therefore, when handwheel turned clockwise, axle ' f ' was shifted chuck ' c ' on the sleeve pipe ' e ' onto, and when inhour was rotated, it discharged the pressure of chuck, and sleeve pipe is restored to the original state.Shown in Figure 9 is 50% o'clock the situation that reaches axle ' f ' normal travel after handwheel is fully rotated, thereby has limited the size of the cover pipe through-hole of being controlled that medium passed through.
In Figure 10, handwheel keeps the position identical with Fig. 9, but actuator do not work, and spool ' j ' and chuck ' d ' have been pulled to the position of fully closing collar aperture under spring pressure.This position is also represented by the dotted line among Fig. 6.
As long as the screw thread on the retainer shaft ' f ' has enough length, the part closed position that sets in advance sleeve pipe ' e ' can be from the position of opening fully to being provided with arbitrarily the position of closing fully.Operating personnel can be according to the wire indicator alignment mark that appends on the valve component, or according to the mark (not shown) on the axle ' f ', or situation is as shown in figure 10 learnt the degree of closing of sleeve pipe ' e '.Also can use gravity garden dish display, handwheel or handle turn around, and the pointer on will mobile garden dish is walked a scale, and this scale equals the length of a pitch.
Therefore, the through hole of valve can change arbitrarily, so that flow is able to accurate control.Close or power source when malfunctioning when switch, this valve will automatically close the tightening seal of holding one's breath, and when switch is connected once more, this valve will be opened once more, return to the position of prefabricated hole size.
For operations involving high pressure with handle dangerous material, should sealing shroud or sealing device be set in two axles ' j ' and ' f ' place by valve body.
In the equipment of this invention, usually with pressure gauge, filter F, lubricating coupler L, valve, safety relief valve etc. are provided with in place in the ordinary way.There is not the hand control valve M of special narration to be arranged on the automatic valve in the ordinary way in the above.Hot water or vapour cover can be used on abrasive can, water tank, mixed zone, water pump and the motor etc., can improve usefulness, increase flowing of water, and can prevent to freeze at cold day.
The security of present device and efficient are all more much higher than any system known in the past, and can use in a given operating process than the abrasive grains of more cheap and less amount in the past.And this equipment is very low in the vibration at nozzle place, and the recoil strength that equipment is produced is very little, is very suitable for being applied on the toter that has straighforward operation.Particularly, the cleaning speed of present device is compared with the cleaning speed of known system, the multiple that is improved is 8: 1 to 15: 1, and the abrasive grains consumption is compared with existing high-pressure system and reduced 15-30 doubly (by depth of implements, the dirt that needs removal or cutting or factor decisions such as obducent hardness, thickness).
When implementing abrasive cleaning under water of the present invention or cutting equipment, the advantage of its various aspects that are embodied in can be summarized as follows:
(a). the power source that promotion cleaning or cutting medium act on the object for clearance or to be cut can be provided by compressed air or Compressed Gas;
(b). milled mixtures is exported by single outlet, by single flexible pipe or pipeline guiding milled mixtures by the mixed zone to nozzle;
(c). air compressor both can be arranged on the outside of equipment body, and use the inside that also can be arranged on the equipment body;
(d). the proportioning components of milled mixtures can change, to adapt to the requirement of cleaning or cutting task;
(e). available discharge pressure and speed of manually regulating abrasive media, with the requirement that is adapted to task and the degree of depth of underwater operation;
(f). can detect the hydrostatic pressure at nozzle place;
(g). can distinguish or adjusting automatically simultaneously: (ⅰ) discharge pressure and the speed of the proportioning of milled mixtures (ⅱ) mixture, to adapt with nozzle pressure on every side;
(h). it can make the output pressure of abrasive media at the nozzle place remain on about 100 pounds/inch
2(7kg/cm
2) below, generally the pressure around nozzle is 30-50 pound/inch
2(2.1-3.5kg/cm
2)
(i). detect and control device can adopt manual, pneumatic, surge or electronic mode is moved;
(j). nozzle can be grasped by the diver and operate control, or adopts same convenient, flexible remote control toter to operate, and does not need propeller or vibration amplifier (thrust or vibration compensators);
(k). air is provided by compressor or outside air supply source, and liquid is provided by pump, and abrasive grains is provided by pressure vessel.The inlet of mixed zone or outlet are provided with manual activation valve or self actuating valve, in order to close inlet or outlet respectively;
(l). control in the following manner at the shut off valve described in (k), promptly, in case when the discharge pressure of system drops to the pressure that is lower than around the nozzle, this valve will cut out automatically, thereby prevented to work as the mobile or insufficient pressure of propeller with the pressure around overcoming, maybe do not work or pressure when reducing when this equipment, humid air or water are back in this equipment.
(m). it can make product as the concrete (be generally used for oil under water or natural-gas transfer pipeline as all around (75mm-100mm) thick protective sleeve and known " gravity cover layer (Weight coating) " of about 3 " 4 ") can be by safety, cut effectively; stay next quite clean, complete side cut; so that adopt craft or mechanical device, be divided into one or more snippets on request, fully remove such cover layer.
Claims (18)
1, the method of a kind of abrasive cleaning under water and/or cutting, wherein grinding air-flow comprises by abrasive grains, the mixture that air and liquid are formed, and it is wetting and carry the abrasive grains that body is carried as grinding in the spraying of air or air/liquid by liquid substantially to comprise the surface, this grinds air-flow preparation in the mixed zone (1) of a pressurization at first, be directed into surface for clearance and/or cutting then under water, it is characterized in that: this method also comprises the working depth according to cleaning and/or cutting, to this abrasive grains, the pressure of the flow velocity of air and liquid and mixed zone (1) carries out relative adjustment, thereby make the grinding air-flow have aforesaid composition, and being directed into underwater surface with the pressure that is higher than the environment liquid static pressure, described pressure is less than 100 pounds/inch
2(7kg/cm
2).
2, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the liquid that grinds 80-100% in the air-flow is used for most of at least abrasive grains is covered, and remaining liquid even have also seldom, is used to form the air/liquid spraying.
3, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: the liquid that grinds 90-95% in the air-flow is used for covering substantially most of at least abrasive grains, and the liquid of 5-10% is used to form the air/liquid spraying.
4, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: grinding air-flow is in mixed zone (1), carrying the air stream of abrasive grains and forming by the liquid knockout that is provided so that liquid dispersion become big or small basically with the measure-alike or bigger drop of abrasive grains.
5, in accordance with the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: providing the power of this milled mixtures to for clearance and/or cutting surface is compressed air.
6, be used for the equipment of abrasive cleaning under water and/or cutting, it comprises:
Be used for abrasive grains, air and a kind of liquid are mixed into the mixed zone (1) of milled mixtures;
With controlled abrasive grains, pressure air and liquid are fed to the device of mixed zone (1), thereby make the grinding air-flow that obtains comprise that the surface is wetting and carry the abrasive grains that body is carried as grinding in the spraying of air or air/liquid by liquid substantially;
Be used for to the outlet nozzle (19) of for clearance and/or cutting surface discharge this grinding air-flow under water; And
This mixed zone and this outlet nozzle (19) are coupled together, so that will grind the pipeline (18) that air-flow is transported to this nozzle (19);
It is characterized in that:
Also be provided with the basis working depth of nozzle (19) under water, the flow velocity of this abrasive grains, air and liquid and the pressure of mixture are carried out relative adjustment, thereby will have the grinding air-flow of component as mentioned above, to be higher than pressure that this nozzle (19) locates the environment liquid static pressure via this nozzle (19) discharging, this pressure is less than 100 pounds/inch
2(7kg/cm
2).
7, according to the described equipment of claim 6, it is characterized in that: mixed zone (1) has first inlet (10) that is used to receive the air stream of carrying abrasive grains secretly and is positioned at the first inlet downstream, is used to receive second of the liquid that provided and enters the mouth.
8, according to the described equipment of claim 7, it is characterized in that: second inlet is mounted to, and makes the air stream of polishing particles by the liquid knockout carrying of this inlet, make liquid dispersion become size basically with the measure-alike or bigger drop of abrasive grains.
9, according to the described equipment of claim 7, it is characterized in that: the device that abrasive grains and air is input to mixed zone (1) comprises compressed air hose (2) and the arm of being told by compressed air hose (2) (16), arm (16) enters the pressure vessel (3) of splendid attire abrasive grains, and carrying abrasive grains and coming out from pressure vessel (3), carry the upstream position of inlet to join with air duct (2) once more at liquid.
10, according to the described equipment of claim 6, it is characterized in that: carry the device of liquid to comprise an air driven pump (13) to mixed zone (1).
11, according to the described equipment of claim 6, it is characterized in that: be provided with valve gear, be used for controlling abrasive grains, at least a material flows in the milled mixtures of air, liquid and preparation thus.
12, according to the described equipment of claim 6, it is characterized in that: the upstream of (1) and/or downstream are provided with valve gear (20,37) in the mixed zone, limit or prevent to increase to the equipment that is arranged in the surface owing to the refluence of milled mixtures in the pipeline.
13, according to claim 11 or 12 described equipment, it is characterized in that: at least one valve gear (37,20) can respond the partial fluid static pressure that nozzle (19) is located effectively.
14, according to claim 11 or 12 described equipment, it is characterized in that: the scope of closing of at least one valve gear can be regulated, and can set in advance the scope of closing, and can provide required bolt down procedure when activating with box lunch.
15, according to claim 11 or 12 described equipment, it is characterized in that: at least one valve gear is by being installed in valve chamber (a, b) Nei elastic hose (e) and can be fully or the device that partly compresses this flexible pipe (e) form, elastic hose (e) suitably is stuck in valve chamber (a under the longitudinal pressure effect, b) in, by this elastic hose (e) towards valve chamber (a, b) expansion of Nei supporting surface and fixing, such setting can make in operating process corresponding flowable media can pass through flexible pipe (e), valve chamber (a, b) Nei supporting surface is arranged at least a portion surface action in flexible pipe (e), and the fixed surface of flexible pipe (e) is away from the axis of flexible pipe (e).
16, according to the described equipment of claim 6, it is characterized in that: this carrier pipe (18) is single flexible pipe or conduit.
17, a kind of valve gear, comprise and be arranged on valve chamber (a, b) Nei elastic hose (e) and can be fully or partly compress the device of flexible pipe, elastic hose (e) suitably is stuck in valve chamber (a under the longitudinal pressure effect, b) in, by this elastic hose (e) towards valve chamber (a, b) expansion of Nei supporting surface and fixing, such equipment can make that flowable medium can pass through flexible pipe in operating process, it is characterized in that: the described device that is used to compress flexible pipe comprises two chuck (c, d) be pressed in the relative both sides of flexible pipe (e), in order to pushing by mutual closing or open or to discharge flexible pipe (e), and, this chuck (c, d) in one relatively another chuck preset independently so that when activating, provide the required degree of compression to flexible pipe.
18, according to the valve gear of claim 17, it is characterized in that: a chuck adopts manual adjustments, and another chuck adopts remote actuated, and like this, to this another chuck actuation and after opening this valve, this flexible pipe (e) partly is compressed to required degree.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8804970 | 1988-03-02 | ||
| GB888804970A GB8804970D0 (en) | 1988-03-02 | 1988-03-02 | Abrasive cleaning |
| GB8827583.9 | 1988-11-25 | ||
| GB888827583A GB8827583D0 (en) | 1988-11-25 | 1988-11-25 | Metering & controlling valve |
| GB8827582.1 | 1988-11-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1038235A CN1038235A (en) | 1989-12-27 |
| CN1018165B true CN1018165B (en) | 1992-09-09 |
Family
ID=26293568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN89102149A Expired CN1018165B (en) | 1988-03-02 | 1989-03-02 | Apparatus and method for abrasive cleaning or cutting |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR900700240A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1018165B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5145016B2 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2013-02-13 | 株式会社不二製作所 | Blasting method and blasting apparatus |
| EP2612043B1 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2016-09-07 | Alcoa Inc. | Locking nut assembly |
| CN103273428B (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2016-06-15 | 浙江山海机械有限公司 | A kind of portable air water nonerosive blasting environment protection cleaning machine |
| US10875151B2 (en) | 2015-07-16 | 2020-12-29 | Graco Minnesota Inc. | Vapor blast system with fixed pot pressure |
| CN106239753B (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-06-26 | 铜仁市万山区林谢丹砂艺术雕刻有限公司 | A kind of cinnabar craftwork processes shipment structure |
| CN106313356B (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2018-06-26 | 铜仁市万山区林谢丹砂艺术雕刻有限公司 | A kind of cinnabar craftwork system of processing operates structure |
| CN107855919A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-03-30 | 苏州普茨迈精密设备有限公司 | A kind of double abrasive polishing machines of single-station |
| CN108724019A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-02 | 深圳聚纵科技有限公司 | Add sand machine and glue removing after high-pressure high-flow water |
| CN108907683B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-03-27 | 淮安信息职业技术学院 | Linkage type screw assembling robot |
| CN111451974B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-03-25 | 中冶建工集团有限公司 | Method for screwing nut in long distance |
| CN113458982B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-03-29 | 广州大学 | Multiphase material mixing device for strengthening grinding processing |
-
1989
- 1989-03-02 CN CN89102149A patent/CN1018165B/en not_active Expired
- 1989-11-02 KR KR1019890702011A patent/KR900700240A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1038235A (en) | 1989-12-27 |
| KR900700240A (en) | 1990-08-11 |
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