CN101813647A - Method for testing thermo-oxidative ageing degree of polyethylene material - Google Patents
Method for testing thermo-oxidative ageing degree of polyethylene material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101813647A CN101813647A CN 201010133472 CN201010133472A CN101813647A CN 101813647 A CN101813647 A CN 101813647A CN 201010133472 CN201010133472 CN 201010133472 CN 201010133472 A CN201010133472 A CN 201010133472A CN 101813647 A CN101813647 A CN 101813647A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 34
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004643 material aging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000371 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HGAZMNJKRQFZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethene;ethenyl acetate Chemical compound ClC=C.CC(=O)OC=C HGAZMNJKRQFZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 15
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the thermo-oxidative ageing degree of a polyethylene material, which comprises: (1) testing the molecular motion performance and condensed-state structure distribution of the polyethylene material; (2) calculating an aging factor, crystal phase mass percent content, interface mass percent content and amorphous phase mass percent content according to the result of test of the step (1) ; and (3) determining the aging degree of the polyethylene material according to the result of the calculation of the step (2). Compared with the traditional test method, the method of the invention has the advantages of convenience, quickness, high accuracy, small sample number, no damages to materials in use and wide application range.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to polymeric material Performance Detection field, relate in particular to a kind of detection method of thermo-oxidative ageing degree of polyethylene material.
Background technology
Tygon is one of general-purpose plastics product of output and consumption figure maximum in the world today.Its odorless, nontoxic, has good resistance to low temperature (minimum serviceability temperature can reach-70～-100 ℃), chemical stability is good, be insoluble to common solvent under the erosion of the most of soda acids of ability, normal temperature, water absorptivity is little, electrical insulation capability is good, purposes is very extensive, is mainly used to make film, container, pipeline, monofilament, electric wire, commodity etc., and can be used as the high-frequency insulation material of TV, radar etc.But tygon is very sensitive for environment, and especially heat-resistant aging is poor.Common polyethylene products in use mainly is subjected to the influence of thermo-oxidative ageing.And different, conventional life-span prediction method can not be suitable fully with bad border for the aging speed of polythene material (especially wire cable material, pipeline material), and therefore the detection to the polythene material degree of aging be very much necessity.
The tygon thermo-oxidative ageing mainly shows the increase of structure functional group (as carbonyl, hydroxyl) content on micromechanism; From mechanical behavior, show that mainly material loses ductility and embrittlement.
The method of traditional detection polythene material degree of aging has: (1) infrared carbonyl absorption method.Promptly represent carbonyl concentration studies thermo-oxidative ageing degree with the carbonyl absorption band area.Vapor away owing to tygon can resolve into micromolecule in ageing process, thus actual with the carbonyl in the sample of infrared spectrum measurement be nonvolatile carbonyl.Can think, in some samples, with carbonyl the lacking of infrared spectrum measurement more than the reality generation.In addition, the tygon stabilising system that contains stabilizing agent is multi-component complex system, various stabilizing agents are different to the influence that non-volatile carbonyl increases, the sample that contains some stabilizing agent has just been accumulated a large amount of carbonyls before destruction, then also do not accumulate how many non-volatile carbonyls after sample destroys even contain the sample of another kind of stabilizing agent.It is transparent sheet that this method also requires test sample, is not suitable for the detection such as the colored materials of carbon black.(2) yellow colour index method.This method adopts uatomatic recording spectrophotometer, three kinds of reflection of light rates of red, green, blue (or transmissivity) is calculated the index of the yellow depth of expression material from sample.This method of testing is suitable for water white transparency, the translucent and opaque material of near-white, with tabular, sheet, the sample of film like and powder, pellet all can, but be not suitable for the plastics that contain fluorescent material.(3) tensile property index.The contingency factor of this method test result is very big, and needs complicated sample making course, and required sample size is big.This shows that above-mentioned three kinds of methods all do not have general applicability.Therefore, novel simple and efficient and accurate, the blanket thermo-oxidative ageing degree of polyethylene material detection technique of development is significant.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of detection method of thermo-oxidative ageing degree of polyethylene material.This method with transport properties of molecules, condensed state structure and the character of polythene material as the basis, by tygon molecule exercise performance, crystallization phase, interface being reached mutually the test analysis of amorphous phase, judge the usability and the degree of aging of polythene material quickly and easily.
Method of the present invention is to come the degree of aging of polythene material is estimated by the exercise performance of quantitatively characterizing polythene material molecule segment and condensed state structure.
Tygon is a kind of semi-crystalline polymer, and its condensed state structure comprises the content of crystallization phase, interface phase, amorphous phase and the size of each phase region, as shown in Figure 1.Studies show that the tie molecule between the crystalline region (molecule that promptly connects adjacent two crystalline regions) content directly influences the mechanical property of material.And the percentage composition of the interface phase of polymkeric substance and tie molecule content are closely related, thereby can be to the usability of material, and particularly long-term mechanical property produces material impact.In ageing process, crystallization phase, interface reach mutually between the amorphous phase and transform mutually.The three changes with the difference of degree of aging: the tygon ageing process is accompanied by usually that the interface reaches in the amorphous phase molecular chain rupture mutually and chain in various degree is crosslinked, chemicrystallization takes place if having enough motilities will incorporate in the crystallization phase in the segment of fracture.Correspondingly, the interface reaches the micromolecule volatilization that the amorphous phase internal heating oxidation decompose to produce mutually, makes tygon three phase contents, and especially the interface phase content changes, and the molecule segment exercise performance also changes.This change by aging phase content that causes and molecule segment exercise performance and tygon degree of aging have close related.
The thermo-oxidative ageing process of material is divided into oxidation and induces process and accelerated oxidation process, and at oxidation induction period, the micromechanism of material, macro property change all very little, and can think does not influence the usability of material, and material is unaged in other words.And entering the accelerated oxidation process, the micromechanism of material and macro property all change a lot, material aging.Aging coefficient (synthesis material aging research institute of Ministry of Chemical Industry commonly used; macromolecule material aging and anti-aging; Beijing: Chemical Industry Press; 197882) represent polymeric material a certain changes of properties after overaging; it be with sample the performance measurement value before aging with aging after recently the calculating of performance measurement value; can be used for representing result (the synthetic material research institute of the Ministry of Chemical Industry that sample is aging; the extra large chemical industry of gold company limited; polymkeric substance anti-aging application manual; Beijing: Chemical Industry Press; 1999,98).It calculates general formula: K=f/f
0K is an aging coefficient in the formula; f
0Be the performance measurement value of sample before aging, be used for the contrast with aging material, easily by before measuring material aging, oxidation induces the performance of initial stage or new material to obtain; F is the performance measurement value after sample wears out.
The present invention selects for use the molecule longitudinal relaxation time as the performance parameter of calculating aging coefficient, T
1Be the molecule longitudinal relaxation time of measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material, T
1,0Be the molecule longitudinal relaxation time before the material aging.
The invention discloses a kind of detection method of thermo-oxidative ageing degree of polyethylene material, comprising:
(1) gets the polythene material test sample, utilize solid state nmr technology for detection molecular motion performance and condensed state structure to distribute;
(2) result who tests according to step (1) calculates the mass percentage content of aging coefficient, crystallization phase, interface phase and amorphous phase; Wherein aging coefficient is defined as K=T
1/ T
1,0, wherein, K is an aging coefficient, T
1Be the molecule longitudinal relaxation time of measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material, T
1,0Be the molecule longitudinal relaxation time before the material aging;
(3) according to the result of calculation of step (2), determine the polythene material degree of aging: aging coefficient was less than 1.3 o'clock, and polythene material is unaged or slight aging, and polythene material can be used safely; Aging coefficient greater than 1.3 or the quality percentage composition of interface phase drop to 75% o'clock of quality percentage composition before the material aging, this polythene material degree of depth is aging, continues to use no longer safe.
Described polythene material comprises all polyethylene products, as cable jacket material, film material, tube material, container material etc.
What general pipeline material was adopted is high density polyethylene mostly, and described high density high density polyethylene is meant that density is greater than 0.940g/cm
3Tygon.Because what this method was investigated is the condensed state structure of polythene material, therefore be not subjected to the influence of density and other factors (as color), method of the present invention is equally applicable to other polythene materials (low-density, middle density, super-high density).
Described polythene material molecular motion performance and condensed state structure distribute and record sample longitudinal relaxation die-away curve and free induction decay curves characterizes by the solid state nmr technology.
The method of described calculating crystallization phase, interface phase and amorphous phase quality percentage composition is: record sample free induction decay curves (FID) by solid state nmr equipment, the linear combination function of employing Abragam function and two exponential functions carries out match to the FID curve, obtains expression formula and is:
Wherein, A (t) deamplification intensity, A (0)
c, A (0)
i, A (0)
aRepresent that respectively crystallization phase, interface reach the pre-exponential factor of amorphous phase attenuation function mutually, the relative content of corresponding each phase of polythene material of its relative size; T is the time variable of attenuation function; A is a fitting parameter, corresponding to van Vleck second order and Fourth-order moment; T
2 c, T
2 i, T
2 aThe effective T2 of molecule in the corresponding crystallization phase of difference, interface phase and the amorphous phase.According to The above results, the calculating formula that obtains three-phase quality percentage composition is: f (k)={ A (0)
c/ [A (0)
c+ A (0)
i+ A (0)
a] * 100%; Wherein, k=c, i, a; F (c), f (i), f (a) are respectively crystallization phase, interface phase and amorphous phase quality percentage composition; A (0)
c, A (0)
i, A (0)
aRepresent that respectively crystallization phase, interface reach the pre-exponential factor of amorphous phase attenuation function mutually, the relative content of corresponding each phase of polythene material of its relative size.
The method of described calculating aging coefficient is: record the longitudinal relaxation die-away curve by solid state nmr equipment, match obtains the molecule longitudinal relaxation time to the longitudinal relaxation die-away curve according to an exponential function, again according to the formula K=T of aging coefficient
1/ T
1,0, wherein, K is an aging coefficient, T
1Be the molecule longitudinal relaxation time of measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material, T
1,0Be the molecule longitudinal relaxation time before the material aging, calculate aging coefficient.
The present invention adopts free induction decay curves to detect tygon three phase contents.Crystallization phase, interface reach the amorphous phase percentage composition mutually and can obtain simultaneously.The percentage composition of interface phase particularly produces material impact to long-term mechanical property to the usability of material, therefore as an index passing judgment on the semi-crystalline polymer material property.When adopting interface phase quality percentage composition that polythene material is estimated, also provide material crystallization phase and amorphous phase quality percentage composition, thereby more clearly reflect the variation of material condensed state structure.
The present invention compares with classic method has following advantage:
(1) the required sample size of described detection method one-time detection few (about 0.1g) is not to having destructiveness with material;
(2) described detection method need not sample preparation, and testing process is convenient and swift;
(3) described detection method generally is suitable for the tygon finished-product material, is not subjected to the influence of specimen shape, color and adjuvant;
(4) described detection relates to the condensed state structure and the molecule segment motor behavior of material, compares and conventional detection, and more near the actual use of material, information is reliable, accurate; The analysis of aggregated structure is deep into piling up and the motion aspect of molecule in the solid material, compares existing method, more deep to the understanding of material microstructure, the evaluation of performance is had more accuracy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the condensed state structure of polythene material;
Fig. 2 is several typical free induction decay curves figure of the polythene material correspondence of different degree of agings;
Fig. 3 is the change curve of polythene material three-phase quality percentage composition with degree of aging;
Fig. 4 is with the tygon aging coefficient of the molecule longitudinal relaxation time definition change curve with degree of aging;
Fig. 5 is the change curve of polythene material mechanical property breaking elongation with degree of aging;
Fig. 6 is the change curve of polythene material mechanical property pulling strengrth with degree of aging;
Fig. 7 is the change curve of tygon carbonyl index with degree of aging.
Embodiment
Choose high density polyethylene (density is 0.949g/cm3) pipeline material 1g, put into the thermo-oxidative ageing chamber and under 100 ℃, carry out thermo-oxidative ageing.Regularly take out test its free induction decay curves (FID curve), choose several typical results as shown in Figure 2, and the longitudinal relaxation die-away curve.FID curve horizontal ordinate is a tygon
1H variable die-away time, ordinate are the signal intensity of different time correspondence in the attenuation process.Its starting stage decays fast, corresponding tygon crystallization phase attenuation process, behind 0.04ms decay slower, corresponding tygon amorphous phase attenuation process is between the corresponding tygon of crystallization phase and amorphous phase middle transitional attenuation process interface attenuation process mutually.Along with the variation of digestion time, each phase attenuation all changes, and is comparatively obvious with interface phase and amorphous phase.Simulate crystallization phase, interface phase and amorphous phase attenuation function separately according to free induction decay curves.According to fitting result, by formula f (k)={ A (0)
c/ [A (0)
c+ A (0)
i+ A (0)
a] * crystallization phase of 100% its corresponding time that calculates, interface reach the amorphous phase mass percentage content as shown in Figure 3 mutually, and parameter value and concrete outcome related in the calculating are as shown in table 1.By formula K=T
1/ T
1,0Calculating is by the aging coefficient result of variations such as the table 2 of molecule longitudinal relaxation time definition, and the variation relation of itself and digestion time as shown in Figure 4.
For verifying the feasibility of this method, test material is carried out extension test (comprising breaking elongation and pulling strengrth) and the test of infrared carbonyl absorption.Breaking elongation the results are shown in Table 3, and the change curve of itself and digestion time such as Fig. 5, pulling strengrth the results are shown in Table change curve such as Fig. 6 of 4 itself and digestion times; Record the carbonyl index and the results are shown in Table 5, the change curve of itself and digestion time as shown in Figure 7.
After can judging that this polythene material degree of depth is aging and occur in 32 days by Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.This conclusion conforms to extension test result and carbonyl index result, has proved the feasibility of this method.
Table 1
Table 2
| The test duration/sky | ??T 1/ millisecond | ??T 1，0/ millisecond | Aging coefficient |
| ??0 | ??353.79051 | ??353.79051 | ??1 |
| ??8 | ??374.63316 | ??353.79051 | ??1.05891 |
| ??14 | ??392.11242 | ??353.79051 | ??1.10832 |
| ??26 | ??403.05379 | ??353.79051 | ??1.13924 |
| ??32 | ??457.55676 | ??353.79051 | ??1.2933 |
| ??40 | ??518.69041 | ??353.79051 | ??1.46609 |
| ??46 | ??541.56505 | ??353.79051 | ??1.53075 |
| ??56 | ??553.07335 | ??353.79051 | ??1.56328 |
| ??63 | ??633.23363 | ??353.79051 | ??1.78985 |
| ??70 | ??643.26168 | ??353.79051 | ??1.8182 |
| ??77 | ??659.87584 | ??353.79051 | ??1.86516 |
| ??86 | ??635.81715 | ??353.79051 | ??1.79716 |
Table 3
| The test duration/sky | Breaking elongation/% | Error/% |
| ??0 | ??826.2 | ??34.1 |
| ??2 | ??813.3 | ??32.2 |
| ??4 | ??810.2 | ??50.6 |
| ??8 | ??807.3 | ??13.3 |
| ??14 | ??805.4 | ??104.6 |
| ??26 | ??229.5 | ??54.5 |
| The test duration/sky | Breaking elongation/% | Error/% |
| ??32 | ??107.6 | ??26.7 |
| ??40 | ??5.2 | ??10.3 |
| ??56 | ??0.1 | ??0 |
| ??77 | ??0.1 | ??0 |
| ??86 | ??0.1 | ??0 |
Table 4
| The test duration/sky | Pulling strengrth/MPa | Error/MPa |
| ??0 | ??24.5 | ??0.3 |
| ??2 | ??24.7 | ??0.2 |
| ??4 | ??25.5 | ??0.1 |
| ??8 | ??25.6 | ??0.2 |
| ??14 | ??25.2 | ??0.7 |
| ??26 | ??26.7 | ??0.3 |
| ??32 | ??20.1 | ??1.1 |
| ??40 | ??12.4 | ??2.3 |
| ??56 | ??2.5 | ??0.2 |
| ??77 | ??2.31 | ??0.1 |
| ??86 | ??2.25 | ??0.1 |
Table 5
| The test duration/sky | The carbonyl index |
| ??0 | ??0.98554 |
| ??8 | ??0.92798 |
| The test duration/sky | The carbonyl index |
| ??14 | ??1.41432 |
| ??26 | ??1.29611 |
| ??32 | ??1.6964 |
| ??40 | ??1.64629 |
| ??47 | ??2.73094 |
| ??56 | ??22.32569 |
| ??63 | ??23.70581 |
| ??70 | ??30.91622 |
| ??77 | ??31.43504 |
| ??86 | ??35.11017 |
Claims (4)
1. the detection method of a thermo-oxidative ageing degree of polyethylene material is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) gets the polythene material test sample, utilize solid state nmr technology for detection molecular motion performance and condensed state structure to distribute;
(2) result who tests according to step (1) calculates the mass percentage content of aging coefficient, crystallization phase, interface phase and amorphous phase; Aging coefficient is defined as: K=T
1/ T
1,0, wherein, K is an aging coefficient, T
1Be the molecule longitudinal relaxation time of measure and monitor the growth of standing timber material, T
1,0Be the aging preceding molecule longitudinal relaxation time of test material;
(3), determine the degree of aging of polythene material according to the result of calculation of step (2).
2. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described aging coefficient was less than 1.3 o'clock, and polythene material is unaged or slight aging.
3. detection method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described aging coefficient greater than 1.3 or the quality percentage composition of interface phase drop to 75% o'clock of quality percentage composition before the material aging, this polythene material degree of depth is aging.
4. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the polythene material transport properties of molecules characterizes by the longitudinal relaxation die-away curve.
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