CN101810339B - 一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊的配方及其制备方法，该软胶囊囊化液的主体组分是沙棘籽/果油，与另外两种植物提取物-番茄红素、茶多酚复配后制成，属于纯天然物制品。沙棘籽油与番号红素由CO2超临界萃取法获得，沙棘果油由压榨法获得，茶多酚用醇性溶剂从茶叶中直接提取所得。软胶囊制备法按常规方法，囊化液的配方为：沙棘油70％-90％，番茄红素3％-20％，茶多酚0.1％-3％，蜂蜡4％-7％，其中蜂蜡是混悬剂。本发明具有较强的抗氧化、防衰老、提高免疫力、降血脂等功效，是一种新型、强效、多功能的保健食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于一种改进食物营养质量的保健食品，具体涉及一种沙棘油的复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊。
背景技术
大量科学研究和实验证明，人体内过剩氧自由基是引起心血管疾病，癌症以及衰老的主要原因之一，氧自由基几乎和人类大部分常见疾病都有关系。在正常生理情况下，体内自由基的产生和清除处于动态平衡，当在病理情况或外在因素下，体内相关组织可诱发产生大量活性氧，而清除体系应急不了或体内防护、清除和修复能力下降，造成体内自由基代谢失衡。这时过多的活性氧将进攻细胞膜中的不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质、氨基酸、核酸等，破坏细胞的结构和功能，对机体造成损害，从而引发一系列疾病(如心血管疾病、癌症以及加速人体衰老等)。自由基学说(free radical theory)由D.Harman于1965年首先提出，他认为生物体的细胞在正常代谢中产生的自由基，如果过量就会造成DNA和其它大分子损伤导致退变性疾病，恶性损伤及细胞死，最终使生物体衰老死去。适当补充些抗氧化剂可协助体内维持氧自由基的平衡，从而可防止疾病的发生和维持机体的健康。回归自然崇尚自然已成潮流，纯天然植物制品抗氧化剂越来越被人们认可；以下仅对沙棘油、番茄红素与茶多酚三种纯天然植物制品的保健生理活性作些介绍。
番茄红素是有效的抗氧化剂，通过物理或化学方式捕捉高效猝灭单线态氧、抑制自由基的产生或直接清除自由基等发挥抗氧化作用。番茄红素具有独特的长链不饱和分子结构，所以其抗氧化能力在天然类胡萝卜素中是最强的。番茄红素分子是唯一能在特殊的亚细胞环境中存在的类胡萝卜素类物质，在血液和各种体组织中它是非常有效的除氧剂。氧自由基在人体组织内产生血液，能和体内DNA、蛋白质、碳水化合物及脂类等重要的大分子反应，引起衰老和癌症心血管等一系列疾病，番茄红素可以通过猝灭单线态氧预防脂类过氧化，保护好生物膜免受氧自由基损伤，番茄红素的抗氧化性优于其他类胡萝卜素，猝灭单线态氧的速度常数是维生素E的100倍，是β-胡萝卜素的2倍多，其清除过氧化辐射的能力也比叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素高，番茄红素能通过物理或化学捕捉而灭火单线态氧，其中物理捕捉能力大大超过化学捕捉能力，在物理捕捉过程中番茄红素保持完整能够进入下一个生化/生理循环。
沙棘油中含有较多的类胡萝卜素、维生素E和黄酮类成分是天然的抗氧化剂。原苏联学者研究发现沙棘果实中的活性成分达190多种，油中的活性成分106种，其中脂溶性维生素6种，脂肪酸22种，脂类42种，黄酮和酚类成分36种。沙棘油具有清除人体内的自由基作用，同时又增强免疫功能，调节免疫活性细胞有利于提高人体抗病能力，延缓人体衰老之功效。
孟紫强以沙棘油2.5mg/kg腹腔注射大鼠(“沙棘油对二氧化硫所致小鼠肺氧化损伤的防护效应”[J].环境与职业医学.2002.19(4))，结果表明沙棘油有抗氧化作用及防治脂肪肝作用，能调节组织中脂质过氧化作用速度及维生素E水平，对高脂血清损伤的血管平滑肌细胞有保护作用，能明显降低高脂平滑肌细胞内增高的脂质过氧化物的含量，并能明显升高SOD的活性，保护并促进细胞的健康生长。也有人认为腹腔注射沙棘油降低二氧化硫对小鼠骨髓嗜染红细胞(PCE)诱发微核(MN)的作用及对二氧化硫致突变效应的抑制作用都与其抗氧自由基有作用关。对O2 -损伤的小鼠也有降低体内脂质过氧化物的作用。沙棘油灌胃，能明显提高大剂量维生素D所致的大鼠心肌SOD和GSH-Px降低的活性，明显降低脂质过氧化物的升高。沙棘籽油和硒化沙棘籽油能稳定正常大鼠红细胞膜的结构，作用机制是可能提高食物中维生素E或维生素C和硒的水平，防止过氧化脂质(LPO)生成，起到保护组织细胞膜的作用。于晓莉观察沙棘提取物抗Wistar老龄鼠衰老作用(“沙棘提取物抗老龄鼠衰老作用的实验研究”[J].白求恩医科大学学报.2001.5)，给老龄Wistar鼠灌胃沙棘提取物，25d后，用化学法测定其血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)及脂质过氧化物(LPO)的水平；用荧光法测定其大脑皮质脂褐素(lipofusin)含量。结果表明，实验组灌胃沙棘提取物与对照组比较，大鼠体内LPO、lipofusin含量明显下降；SOD、GSH-Px活力明显提高。证明沙棘提取物是一种较强的抗氧化物质。山西省肿瘤医院研究所任力飒等研究发现(“沙棘籽油抗突变抗免疫抑制作用的观察”[J].沙棘.1992.5(4)：23～26)，通过小鼠骨髓微核技术进行试验，表明沙棘籽油有明显恢复免疫抑制状态下的天然杀伤细胞(NK)水平。甘肃省肿瘤研究所张培珍等研究了沙棘油对小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能有促进作用，从而提高人体的免疫功能(“沙棘籽油的抗癌活性及其对免疫器官重量的影响”[J].沙棘.1989.(3)：31～34)。
茶多酚是从茶叶中直接提取的一类天然多羟基酚类化合物的混合物，是茶叶中儿茶素、花青素类、黄烷酮类物质的总称。具有很好的水溶性和极强的抗氧化活性是一种极为有效的自由基清除剂，对细胞膜与细胞壁有保护作用，对脂质过氧化自由基的清除作用十分明显。茶多酚还具有油脂抗氧化效能的主要成分多酚类物质中的黄烷醇类，约占多酚类物质的80％左右系儿茶素衍生物，能防止过多自由基对细胞的损伤，同时茶多酚还通过自身氧化，抑制胆固醇及不饱和脂肪酸的氧化，减少胆固醇及其氧化物在动脉壁上沉积，促进不饱和脂肪对胆固醇的运转和清除，抗血小板凝集，改善血液外周循环，从而起到预防高脂血症，抑制动脉硬化的形成与维生素E配合使用还具有协同作用，可以大大增强其抗氧化性能。茶多酚具有很强的供氢能力，可与体内多余的自由基作用而使氧自由基消除。李春美等的研究表明(“茶色素体外清除自由基及对老龄小鼠脂质过氧化作用的影响”[J].中国药理学通报，2001，17(2)，233-234)，茶色素对不同体系的超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基均有明显的清除作用。给予茶色素后各剂量组小鼠红细胞SOD活性显著性提高，血清MDA含量也显著性降低，且显剂量—反应关系。其抗氧化能力比维生素E强18倍。茶多酚能阻断体内亚硝酸盐的合成，因此在一定程度上有辅助抑制肿瘤形成的作用和直接杀伤癌细胞及提高带癌细胞所需tNOX酶的活性，从而限制癌细胞的生长。
目前市售抗氧化保健品虽由纯天然植物制品组成，但其组分单一/简单，保健效果不明显。为克服这缺点，本发明采用多种植物制剂组成复合型抗氧化保健食品，通过组份之间的协同效应使“复合型”抗氧化制剂具有更强的抗氧化、防衰老、提高免疫力等功效。本发明的目的是把沙棘油、番茄红素、茶多酚三种植物提取物复配后，制成“一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊”，成为一种新型、强效、多功能的保健食品，用以取代已有的相对简单的、只具有单一作用的食用抗氧化制剂。目前市场上未见含有番茄红素、沙棘油、茶多酚的复合制剂。
发明内容
本发明提供了“一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊”的配方，其内容物按重量百分比为：沙棘油70％-90％，最佳82％；番茄红素3％-20％，最佳16％；茶多酚0.1％-3％，最佳1％；蜂蜡4％-7％，最佳5％的组合物。
本发明所选用的番茄红素原料为天然番茄红素或番茄红素油性树脂，其采用CO2超临界萃取法或溶剂提取法从番茄中提取出来；茶多酚是用醇性溶剂从茶叶中直接提取的一类天然多羟基酚类化合物的混合物、含量90％～95％的固体粉末；沙棘油可以是经超临界CO2萃取的沙棘种籽油、亦可是沙棘果经压榨、离心分离得到的沙棘果(汁)油。
沙棘油中维生素E含量高达250mg/100g，番茄红素和维生素E都是脂溶性抗氧化剂，番茄红素与沙棘油配伍，具有协同作用。于文立等(“两种抗氧化剂协同增效及其抗衰老的研究”[J].中国油脂.2002.27(1)：48～50)应用CCI O·自由基模型研究发现番茄红素和维生素E具有协同清除自由基的功能；解瑞宁等发现低浓度时番茄红素和维生素E联用可更好地发挥交互作用：番茄红素可使维生素E再生，更有效地清除自由基(“番茄红素与维生素E合用对苯并芘诱导BALB/C-3T3细胞转化的影响”[J].环境与职业医学.2004.21(2)：124～126)，即番茄红素-沙棘油配伍有协同作用。
另外，植物界的番茄红素有两种形式-游离态番茄红素与番茄红素的酯类，主要存在形式是它的酯类，正象植物果实中俗称的“脂肪酸”主要都以它的甘油酯形式存在相仿，所以从植物组织提取所得“纯天然番茄红素”实际是油脂。事实上，“番茄红素”的生物利用率与膳食中脂肪含量密切相关，适量的膳食脂肪(例如本例中的沙棘油)有利于番茄红素酯类在肠道内吸收。这是因为酯类番茄红素的水解是酯酶或脂肪酶的催化反应而完成；这些酶由胰腺分泌并受胃及十二指肠中脂肪的诱导，而且这些酶的活性也受控于十二指肠中的脂肪所促进(Annec J C et al.Am.J.Chin.2000，(71)：1187-93)；李浩明.万寿菊叶黄素及其生理功能研究[J].中国食品添加剂.2001，(4)：31-33，30)。所以适量脂肪可提高“番茄红素”的生物利用度，或增强其保健功效，即沙棘油与“番茄红素”配伍后具有协同效应。
人体中的氧自由基主要指：羟自由基(OH·)、单线态氧、超氧阴离子自由基(O2 -)和过氧化氢(H2O2)。茶多酚对羟自由基(OH·)有很好的清除效果；番茄红素能淬灭单线态氧和中和自由基维生素E能中断脂类过氧化的连锁反应，有效地抑制脂类的过氧化作用。三者配合使用起到了互补的作用。且根据文献报道：维生素E与番茄红素和茶多酚合用都具有协同清除自由基的功能(于文利等.两种抗氧化剂协同增效及其抗衰老的研究[J].中国油脂.2002.27(1)：48～50；解瑞宁等.番茄红素与维生素E合用对苯并芘诱导BALB/C-3T3细胞转化的影响[J].环境与职业医学.2004.21(2)：124～126)
综上述，本产品配方集多种抗氧化纯天然产物为一体，在保留它们原有的保健生理效应的同时，更有相互协同作用，抗氧化能力具有相乘放大效应。
沙棘油与番茄红素都是脂溶性物质，茶多酚是水溶性物质，为使这两类物质在产品中“混和均匀”必须使用混悬剂。实验中经多次筛选/对比后，最终本发明选为天然产物蜂腊为混悬剂，其合宜的含量为4％-7％。混悬剂的使用是一种公知技术，故不多述。
制造方法如下。按配方中各组分的重量百分比称重配料：先称取茶多酚与番茄红素加入到(部分)沙棘油中共同过胶体磨混合均匀，作为A液。再称取蜂蜡加入到沙棘油中共同加热(至65℃)不停搅拌，待蜂蜡完全融化，作为B液。将A液缓缓加入到B液中，轻搅，完全混匀后得到混悬液(作为囊化液或软胶囊内容物)，采用滴制法或压制法制成软胶囊。
简言之，本发明的囊化液共有四种组分：沙棘油、番茄红素、茶多酚属于三种主体组分，另一组分蜂腊属于混悬剂；这四种组分经过计量复配后成为本胶囊的囊化液。
本发明优点：配方集多种纯天然产物抗氧化物质为一体，有相互协同作用，抗氧化能力具有相乘放大的效应。制造方法简便，适合工业化生产。
本发明的“一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊”经天津市疾病预防控制中心做毒理检验、卫生学检验及稳定性检验，检查表明，本品安全、稳定、无毒副作用，适宜人体长期服用；经北京市疾病预防控制中心做功能学验证，结果所测三项生化指标中，小鼠全血(GSH-PX)活性测定为阳性结果；小鼠血清中(MDA)含量测定为阳性结果，根据有关评价标准判定，“一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊”抗氧化动物实验为阳性结果。
实施方式
实施例一.
一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊按重量百分比含有：沙棘油70％，番茄红素20％，茶多酚3％，蜂蜡7％，按传统的制备方法制成软胶囊。传统的制备方法按下述步骤进行：
先称取3g茶多酚与20g番茄红素加入到(部分)沙棘油(本例先取40g)中共同过胶体磨混合均匀，作为A液。再称取7g蜂蜡加入到30g沙棘油中共同加热(至65℃)不停搅拌，待蜂蜡完全融化，作为B液。将A液缓缓加入到B液中，轻搅，完全混匀后得到混悬液，作为软胶囊内容物，按传统的制备方法制成软胶囊。(附：其他各实施例的相似“步骤”，为节省篇幅不再重复；即其他各例仅列出配方)
实施例二.
一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊按重量百分比含有：沙棘油90％，番茄红素3％，茶多酚3％，蜂蜡4％，按传统的制备方法制成软胶囊。
实施例三.
一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊按重量百分比含有：沙棘油80％，番茄红素15％，茶多酚1％，蜂蜡4％，按传统的制备方法制成软胶囊。
实施例四.
一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊按重量百分比含有：沙棘油63.9％，番茄红素20％，茶多酚0.1％，蜂蜡6％按传统的制备方法制成软胶囊。
实施例五.
一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊按重量百分比含有：沙棘油87.7％，番茄红素5％，茶多酚0.3％，蜂蜡7％，按传统的制备方法制成软胶囊。
实施例六.
一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊按重量百分比含有：沙棘油82％，番茄红素10％，茶多酚2％，蜂蜡6％，按传统的制备方法制成软胶囊。
实施例七.
一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊按重量百分比含有：沙棘油79％，番茄红素15％，茶多酚1％，蜂蜡5％，按传统的制备方法制成软胶囊。
实施例八.
一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊按重量百分比含有：沙棘油83％，番茄红素10％，茶多酚2％，蜂蜡5％，按传统的制备方法制成软胶囊。
Claims (2)
1.一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊，其特征在于，该软胶囊的囊化液是由沙棘油、番茄红素、茶多酚三种主体组分及混悬剂蜂蜡共四种组分经计量配方复配后形成，即按计量配方中各组分的重量百分比先称取茶多酚与番茄红素加入到部分沙棘油中共同经过胶体磨混匀作为A液；再称取蜂蜡加入到其余部分的沙棘油中、搅拌加热至65℃，待蜂蜡完全融化作为B液；再将A液缓缓加入到B液中，轻搅完全混匀后得到的混悬液即为囊化液；最后采用滴制法或压制法制成软胶囊。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合型抗氧化食用软胶囊，其特征在于，所述四种组分计量配方的重量百分比是：沙棘油70％-90％，番茄红素3％-20％，茶多酚0.1％-3％，蜂蜡4％-7％。
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| CN104415053B (zh) * | 2013-08-23 | 2017-11-03 | 石药集团中奇制药技术（石家庄）有限公司 | 一种抗氧化、延缓衰老的组合物 |
| CN104397695B (zh) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-05-04 | 山东维尼莱生物科技股份有限公司 | 一种海参番茄红素茶多酚片及其制备方法 |
| CN105919118A (zh) * | 2016-05-03 | 2016-09-07 | 北京东方红航天生物技术股份有限公司 | 一种具有抗氧化功能的保健食品 |
| CN116920035A (zh) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-10-24 | 内蒙古宇航人高技术产业有限责任公司 | 一种包含油莎豆油的缓解体力疲劳的组合物、软胶囊及制备方法和应用 |
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| CN101444273A (zh) * | 2007-11-22 | 2009-06-03 | 何煜 | 一种保健品口腔速释制剂及其制造方法 |
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