CN101808380A - 卫星通信系统中进行无线通信切换的方法和系统 - Google Patents

卫星通信系统中进行无线通信切换的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN101808380A
CN101808380A CN201010143693A CN201010143693A CN101808380A CN 101808380 A CN101808380 A CN 101808380A CN 201010143693 A CN201010143693 A CN 201010143693A CN 201010143693 A CN201010143693 A CN 201010143693A CN 101808380 A CN101808380 A CN 101808380A
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wireless terminal
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S·杜塔
P·D·卡拉比尼斯
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Lightsquared LP
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1853—Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service
    • H04B7/18539—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection
    • H04B7/18541—Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection for handover of resources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/18—Selecting a network or a communication service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/30—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by measured or perceived connection quality data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks

Abstract

本发明涉及卫星通信系统中进行无线通信切换的方法和系统。该卫星通信系统包括：卫星，配置为通过某个卫星频带与卫星覆盖区域中的无线终端进行无线通信；以及辅助地面组件，配置为通过至少部分所述卫星频带与卫星覆盖区域中的无线终端进行无线通信，由此在地面复用至少部分所述卫星频带。即使无线终端能够以无线方式与辅助地面组件进行通信，但在无线终端发射功率超过阈值，且接收的卫星信号质量超过阈值时，将与无线终端的无线通信会从辅助地面组件切换到卫星。可以监视无线终端上从卫星接收的下行无线辐射，以确定因至少部分所述卫星频带的地面复用而由无线终端的上行辐射造成的可能的干扰。

Description

卫星通信系统中进行无线通信切换的方法和系统
本申请是申请日为2004年5月13日、申请号为200480013153.4、发明名称为“用于在基于空间的与地面的无线终端通信之间切换以及监视无线终端上地面复用卫星频率以减少可能干扰的系统和方法”的专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求具有2003年5月16日提交的、题为“用于基于空间的和地面的无线终端通信之间的切换和无线终端上监视地面复用卫星频率以减少可能的干扰的系统和方法”(“Systems and Methods forHandover Between Space Based and Terrestrial RadioterminalCommunications，and for Monitoring Terrestrially Reused SatelliteFrequencies at a Radioterminal to Reduce Potential Interference”)的临时申请No.60/470992的利益，该申请的公开内容通过引用结合于本文中，就好像其全文在此陈述了一样。
技术领域
本发明涉及无线电通信系统和方法，更具体地说，涉及地面蜂窝和卫星蜂窝无线电通信系统和方法。
背景技术
卫星无线终端通信系统和方法可在地面在辅助地面网络中复用卫星频率。例如，在2003年4月17日公布的Karabinis等人提交的、题为“用于监视地面复用卫星频率以减少可能的干扰的其它系统和方法”(“Additional Systems and Methods for Monitoring TerrestriallyReused Satellite Frequencies to Reduce Potential Interference”)的已公布美国专利申请No.2003/0073436 A1中，描述了此类系统和方法，该申请的公开内容通过引用结合于本文中，就好像其全文在此陈述了一样。如该公布的专利申请中描述的一样，卫星无线终端系统包括基于空间的组件，如卫星和包括多个辅助地面组件(ATC)的辅助地面网络(ATN)。基于空间的组件配置为以无线方式通过卫星无线终端频带与在卫星覆盖范围中的也称为“无线电话”的无线终端进行通信。辅助地面网络配置为以无线方式通过至少部分卫星无线终端频带与在卫星覆盖范围中的无线终端进行通信，从而在地面复用至少部分卫星无线终端频带。
下列专利和专利申请中也描述了可采用卫星频率地面复用的卫星无线终端系统和方法：Karabinis提交的、题为“蜂窝卫星频谱地面复用的系统和方法”(“Systems and Methods for Terrestrial Reuse ofCellular Satellite Frequency Spectrum”)的美国专利6684057；Karabinis提交的、题为“蜂窝卫星频谱地面复用的系统和方法”(“Systems andMethods for Terrestrial Reuse of Cellular Satellite Frequency Spectrum”)的已公布美国专利申请US 2003/0054760；Karabinis提交的、题为“卫星频率地面复用的空间防护频带”(“Systems and Methods forTerrestrial Reuse of Cellular Satellite Frequency Spectrum”)的US2003/0054761；Karabinis等人提交的、题为“监视地面复用卫星频率以减少可能的干扰的系统和方法”(“Systems and Methods for MonitoringTerrestrially Reused Satellite Frequencies to Reduce PotentialInterference”)的US 2003/0054814；Karabinis提交的、题为“多频带/多模式卫星无线电话通信系统和方法”(“Multi-Band/Multi-ModeSatellite Radiotelephone Communications Systems and Methods”)的US2003/0054762；Karabinis提交的、题为“使用卫星链接的远程终端接口子系统的系统和方法”(“Wireless Communications Systems andMethods Using Satellite-Linked Remote Terminal Interface Subsystems”)的US 2003/0153267；Karabinis提交的、题为“用于减少蜂窝卫星系统中卫星馈线链路带宽/载波的系统和方法”(“Systems and Methods forReducing Satellite Feeder Link Bandwidth/Carriers in Cellular SatelliteSystems”)的US 2003/0224785；Karabinis等人提交的、题为“协调的卫星地面频率复用”(“Coordinated Terrestrial-Satellite FrequencyReuse”)的US 2002/0041575；Karabinis等人提交的、题为“使用信号衰减和/或阻塞、频率动态分配和/或迟滞的卫星地面频率复用的集成或自治系统和方法”(“Integrated or Autonomous System and Method ofSatellite-Terrestrial Frequency Reuse Using Signal Attenuation and/orBlockage，Dynamic Assignment of Frequencies and/or Hysteresis”)的US2002/0090942；Karabinis等人提交的、题为“用于卫星无线电话系统的基于空间的网络体系结构”(“Space-Based Network Architecture forSatellite Radiotelephone Systems”)的US 2003/0068978；Karabinis提交的、题为“用于组合无线电话/GPS终端的滤波器”(“Filters forCombined Radiotelephone/GPS Terminals”)的US 2003/0143949；Karabinis提交的、题为“用于卫星频率地面复用的交错分区”(“Staggered Sectorization for Terrestrial Reuse of SatelliteFrequencies”)的US 2003/0153308；Karabinis提交的、题为“为响应卫星频率地面复用而修改卫星天线单元模式的的方法和系统”(“Methodsand Systems for Modifying Satellite Antenna Cell Patterns In Response toTerrestrial Reuse of Satellite Frequencies”)的US 2003/0054815；所有这些专利和专利申请均授让给本发明的受让人，其公开内容通过引用全部结合于本文中，就好像其全文在此陈述了一样。
卫星频率地面复用最近已得到了联邦通信委员会(FCC)的授权。请参阅“有关建议的规则制定的报告、命令和通知”(“REPORT ANDORDER AND NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING”)，FCC03-15，“在2GHz频带、L-Band和1.6/2.4频带由通过移动卫星服务提供商交付通信的灵活性”(“Flexibility for Delivery of Communicationsby Mobile Satellite Service Providers in the 2GHz Band，the L-Band，andthe 1.6/2.4 Bands”，IB Docket No.01-185，Adopted：January 29，2003，Released：February 10，2003)，以下称为“FCC命令”。FCC命令规定L-Band ATC应在其服务区边缘维持18dB的链路余量，以便实现建筑物内渗透，并且还在无线终端在信号衰减结构外辐射时使用闭环功率控制，抑制无线终端的有效各向同性辐射功率(EIRP)
在无线终端与低信号衰减区域(即建筑物外)的ATC进行通信时，常规上行功率控制技术可将无线终端的EIRP减少到大大低于最大值。因此，可以降低对可能使用与ATC相同频率的卫星系统的干扰的可能性或使这种可能性最小。此外，无线终端在诸如建筑物等信号衰减结构内时，常规上行控制技术可允许上行发射功率增加，甚至达到最大值，以便克服信号衰减结构的额外渗透损失。这在对共信道卫星的干扰方面是可以接受的，这是因为，按照定义，相对于共信道系统，结合闭环功率控制的信号衰减结构可确保干扰信号抑制水平近似等于ATC所提供的返回链路(上行链路)余量(例如，18dB)。
发明内容
本发明的一些实施例提供了用于在卫星通信系统中切换无线通信的方法和系统。卫星通信系统包括：卫星，配置为通过某个卫星频带与卫星覆盖区域中的无线终端进行无线通信；以及辅助地面组件，配置为通过至少部分所述卫星频带与卫星覆盖区域中的无线终端进行无线通信，由此在地面复用至少部分所述卫星频带。即使无线终端能够以无线方式与辅助地面组件进行通信，但在无线终端发射功率超过阈值，且接收的卫星信号质量超过阈值时，根据本发明的一些实施例的切换系统和方法也会将与无线终端的无线通信从辅助地面组件切换到卫星。
在本发明的其它实施例中，即使无线终端能够以无线方式与辅助地面组件进行通信，但在无线终端发射功率超过阈值，总无线终端干扰超过限制，且接收的卫星信号质量超过阈值时，将与无线终端的无线通信从辅助地面组件切换到卫星。在本发明的其它实施例中，即使无线终端能够以无线方式与辅助地面组件进行通信，但在无线终端发射功率超过阈值，接收的卫星信号质量超过阈值，且无线终端与辅助地面组件相隔预定的距离(如固定的距离或辅助地面组件覆盖区域的部分范围)时，将与无线终端的无线通信从辅助地面组件切换到卫星。
在本发明还有的其它实施例中，即使无线终端能够以无线方式与辅助地面组件进行通信，但在无线终端发射功率超过阈值，总无线终端干扰超过限制，接收的卫星信号质量超过阈值，且无线终端与辅助地面组件相隔预定的距离时，将与无线终端的无线通信从辅助地面组件切换到卫星。在还有的其它实施例中，即使无线终端能够以无线方式与辅助地面组件进行通信，但在无线终端发射功率超过阈值，总无线终端干扰超过限制，且接收的卫星信号质量超过阈值时，不论无线终端相对于辅助地面组件的位置如何，将与无线终端的无线通信从辅助地面组件切换到卫星。
在本发明还有的其它实施例中，无线终端还配置为与蜂窝/PCS覆盖区域中的蜂窝/PCS基站进行无线通信。在这些实施例的一些实施例中，即使无线终端能够以无线方式与辅助地面组件进行通信，但在无线终端发射功率超过阈值，接收的卫星信号质量低于阈值，且无线终端与辅助地面组件至少相隔预定的距离时，将与无线终端的无线通信从辅助地面组件切换到蜂窝/PCS基站。在还有的其它实施例中，即使无线终端能够以无线方式与辅助地面组件进行通信，但在无线终端发射功率超过阈值，接收的卫星信号质量超过阈值，且无线终端与辅助地面组件至少相隔预定的距离时，将与无线终端的无线通信从辅助地面组件切换到卫星或蜂窝/PCS基站。
在还有的其它实施例中，即使无线终端能够以无线方式与辅助地面组件进行通信，但在无线终端发射功率超过阈值，接收的卫星信号质量低于阈值，总无线终端干扰超过限制，且无线终端与辅助地面组件至少相隔预定的距离时，将与无线终端的无线通信从辅助地面组件切换到蜂窝/PCS基站。在还有的其它实施例中，即使无线终端能够以无线方式与辅助地面组件进行通信，但在无线终端发射功率超过阈值，接收的卫星信号质量超过阈值，总无线终端干扰超过限制，且无线终端与辅助地面组件至少相隔预定的距离时，将与无线终端的无线通信从辅助地面组件切换到卫星或蜂窝/PCS基站。
如上所述，可用于控制切换的一个准则是确定总无线终端干扰是否超过限制。在本发明的一些实施例中，通过监视在无线终端从卫星接收的下行无线辐射，由此确定因至少部分所述卫星频带的地面复用而由无线终端的上行辐射造成的可能的干扰，从而确定无线终端的干扰是否超过限制。可能的干扰的监视因此可在无线终端本身上执行。在一些实施例中，监视诸如在无线终端上从卫星接收的广播控制信道等下行无线信号的功率，由此确定因至少部分所述卫星频带的地面复用而由无线终端的上行辐射造成的可能的干扰。还应理解，根据本发明的一些实施例，可独立于在卫星通信系统中切换无线通信的方法利用无线终端上的监视，由此确定因至少部分所述卫星频带的地面复用而由无线终端的上行辐射造成的可能的干扰。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明不同实施例，用于切换无线通信的系统和方法示意图；
图2图示根据本发明不同实施例在多模式无线终端接收的示范信号强度；
图3是根据本发明不同实施例可为提供切换而执行的操作流程图；
图4是根据本发不同实施例可为提供切换及干扰监视而执行的操作流程图；
图5是根据本发明不同实施例为监视卫星通信系统中的干扰而执行的操作流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照显示了本发明实施例的附图，更详细地描述本发明。然而，本发明可体现为许多不同的形式，并且不应认为限于本文所述述例。确切地说，提供这些实施例是为了使此公开透彻完整，并将向本领域技术人员完全传达本发明的范围。类似的标号在全文中表示类似的元素。
可理解，虽然在本文中使用术语第一和第二来描述不同的元素，但这些元素不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语只用于将一个元素与另一个元素区分开。因此，下面的第一元素可称为第二元素，并且同样地，第二元素可称为第一元素而不会背离本发明的教导。在本文中使用时，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个列举的相关项目的任一和所有组合。
认识到在无线终端移动到ATC覆盖区域的边缘和/或外部时，即使无线终端位于ATC覆盖区域外缘的附近和/或外部，它也可继续从ATC接收信号，由此可得到本发明的一些实施例。在无线终端移动到ATC覆盖区域的边缘和/或外部时，常规功率控制可通过将无线终端的功率提高到最大功率而尝试维持通信链路闭合(link closure)，并可因此在无线终端利用无干扰或基本无干扰的传播路径与共信道系统进行通信时使此类系统的干扰有可能增加。本发明的实施例可提供从ATC模式到非ATC模式(如蜂窝和/或PCS和/或卫星模式)的智能切换，以减少功率控制方法可导致对共信道系统的干扰增加的可能性。
认识到通过测量在无线终端上接收的卫星下行信号的一个或多个特征，可在无线电终端测量辐射共信道卫星频带频率的无线终端的可能的干扰，由此可得到本发明的一些实施例。通过确定一个或多个卫星频率上的所有活动无线终端总体辐射的总功率，各无线终端上得到的这些下行测量结果可用于监视受害卫星上的净反向(上行)可能的干扰的度量。总干扰的监视可用作上述切换技术的一部分和/或用于其它目的。
在如下说明中，将首先描述从ATC模式智能切换到非ATC模式，以减少对共信道系统的可能的干扰的系统和方法。随后，将描述通过无线终端获得的下行测量结果监视可能的干扰的系统和方法。最后，会描述结合在无线终端和/或系统的另一部分如卫星上进行监视的智能切换系统和方法。
基于无线终端发射功率和接收的卫星信号质量的切换
通常，上行(反向)功率控制可基于开环和/或闭环方法的组合。在开环功率控制中，无线终端通过监视其自己接收的信号质量，估计可在基站收发信系统(BTS)或基站维持所需信号质量和/或强度的发射功率电平。在闭环功率控制中，BTS建议无线终端调整可能最初已经由开环功率控制设置的发射功率电平。这种形式的功率控制(开环和/或闭环)可将无线终端的EIRP提高到最大值，以便维持链路连接性和/或可接受的链路质量。
图1是根据本发明一些实施例的系统和方法的示意图。如图1所示，无线终端140与使用卫星频带的ATC覆盖区域110中也称为ATC基站的ATC 112进行通信。在ATC覆盖区域110外，通信可通过使用地面蜂窝/PCS频带的蜂窝/PCS系统和/或使用卫星频带的卫星132继续。图1显示在ATC覆盖区域110之外(以及可能在之内)的蜂窝/PCS覆盖区域120和分别在蜂窝/PCS和/或ATC覆盖区域120、110外的卫星覆盖区域130。在其它实施例中，蜂窝/PCS覆盖区域120无需存在。图1还显示了无线终端140和从ATC覆盖区域110内到ATC覆盖区域110外的可能的无线终端路径142。可以理解，可提供多个卫星、覆盖区域、ATC、基站和/或无线终端。
图2显示了在沿例如图1所示无线终端路径142，从ATC覆盖区域(ATC小区)110通过蜂窝/PCS覆盖区域120移动到卫星覆盖区域130的多模式(ATC/PCS/卫星)无线终端140上的ATC、蜂窝/PCS和卫星示范信号强度。由于ATC环境(通常属于市中心区)的建筑物密度高，作为与服务ATC BTS 112的距离的函数，ATC信号可能比蜂窝/PCS或卫星信号衰减得更快。由于多径和/或阴影效应，衰减可能不是单调的。在建筑物密度较低的前提下，作为(与蜂窝/PCS基站122的)距离的函数，蜂窝/PCS信号强度可具有更慢的衰减率。根据熟知的Lutz传播模型，卫星信号可能具有Rician衰落和阻塞的组合特性。如图2所示，在ATC覆盖区域110内，卫星信号被阻塞的时间百分比可能比无线终端在ATC覆盖区域110外时更大。
无线终端140可配置为定期监视其自己和/或其它替代服务的信号质量，如蜂窝/PCS和/或卫星，它们是从ATC 112切换的服务的可能接受者。监视信号质量的许多技术已为本领域技术人员所知，因此无需在此详述。根据本发明实施例的切换系统和方法可基于以下认识：
对于ATC模式下的无线终端140，如果在卫星接收信号质量SRQ高于第二阈值SRQth时，上行功率控制尝试将无线终端的发射功率PTX设置在高于第一阈值PTXth的水平，则无线终端在指定的ATC覆盖区域之外，“或者”无线终端在指定ATC覆盖区域之内，并且到ATC基站的路径的阻塞相当大，而具有到卫星的相对无干扰的视距传播路径。
可以认识到，由于地面传播通常可能不具有到ATC天线的视距路径，因此，“或者”情形在密集的市区内可能不常发生。
图3显示了根据本发明第一实施例，根据上述认识的切换操作。这些操作可由诸如图1的控制器150等控制器执行，所述控制器可以是卫星、ATC、蜂窝和/或PCS系统的部分，或者至少在一定程度上独立于这些系统。具体而言，如图3所示，在块310测试无线终端发射功率PTX是否超过第一阈值PTXth。可以理解，此第一阈值可以是恒定或可变的(基于一个或多个准则)。如果块310的测试结果为否，则由于无线终端发射功率低于第一阈值，未造成不可接受的干扰，因此无需执行切换。然而，如果无线终端发射功率超过阈值，即块310的测试结果为是，则在块320，测试接收的卫星信号质量度量SRQ是否大于第二(恒定或可变的)阈值SRQth。如果为超过，则无线终端140要么在ATC覆盖区域110内的某个建筑物内，这种情况下甚至最大无线终端发射功率都是可接受的，要么无线终端140在ATC覆盖区域110的边缘，并在尝试通过提高无线终端发射功率进行补偿。因此，在块330进行有关无线终端140位置的测试。众所周知，可使用全球定位系统(GPS)和/或非基于GPS的技术来确定无线终端140的位置。这些测试可由无线终端140和/或通信系统进行。
因此，在块330，如果无线终端140在与服务ATC基站112的预定距离内，如在覆盖区域或小区的一定范围内，则“位置OK？”的答复为“是”，并且无需执行切换。无需执行切换是因为可推断无线终端140在ATC覆盖区域110上的建筑物内，这样，高功率发射可能不会产生无法接受的干扰。相反，在块330，如果无线终端140在与服务ATC基站112的预定距离外，则“位置OK？”的答复为“否”，并且在块350执行到蜂窝/PCS系统的切换。切换是在假定无线终端140位于服务ATC小区110的内部、其边缘附近和/或外部，并且在以高功率发射以尝试维持链路闭合和/或链路质量的情况下进行的。在块350，由于基于块320的测试，从卫星系统收到相对低的信号强度和/或质量，因此不执行到卫星系统的切换。
继续对图3的说明，在块340，如果收到的卫星信号质量度量高于块320中的阈值，则还测试无线终端的位置是否“OK”。如果位置在与服务ATC BTS 112的预定的距离和/或小区的部分范围内，则无需进行切换，这是因为无线终端140正在适当的ATC服务区内操作。另一方面，在块340，如果无线终端在大于与服务ATC BTS 112的预定距离处，位置不“OK”，则意味着终端在以高发射功率辐射，以尝试继续与服务ATC进行通信。在这种情况下，在块360执行到卫星132或蜂窝/PCS系统122的切换。由于在块320，卫星信号质量是可接受的，因此可切换到卫星132。
因此，在无线终端发射高功率以尝试继续与在ATC覆盖区域边缘和/或外部的服务ATC进行通信时，图3的实施例可切换到卫星或蜂窝/PCS系统，但当无线终端在ATC服务区域内并且由于建筑物和/或其它信号阻塞而在发射高功率时，无需切换。
通过无线终端执行的测量监视可能的干扰
上述引用的公开的美国专利申请出版物2003/0073436 A1描述了许多种技术，用于在基于空间的组件或卫星监视由辅助地面网络和/或无线终端产生的无线辐射，以及根据监视结果调整由辅助地面网络和/或无线终端产生的辐射。下面将描述的本发明的一些实施例可通过由全体无线终端执行的测量来监视可能的干扰。具体而言，根据本发明的一些实施例，无线终端接收的从系统自己的卫星发送来的下行(前向)信号的功率可用作系统自己和/或其它系统的卫星可从该无线终端接收的上行干扰的度量。替代地，或在组合方案中，无线终端也可监视除了其自己的以外卫星的下行(前向)信号。
具体而言，在ATC模式下通信的每个无线终端可定期向系统报告如无线终端在服务卫星点波束(spot-beam)中检测到的自己卫星的广播控制信道(如GMR-2中的S-BCCH)的接收信号功率。服务卫星点波束是为无线终端所处位置服务的点波束。作为维持切换容易性的一个普通部分，无线终端也可定期监视(ATC和/或蜂窝/PCS的)相邻地面小区的信号强度/质量和服务卫星点波束的信号强度/质量以及可能监视相邻卫星点波束的信号强度/质量。
系统自己的卫星的广播控制信道可以固定功率电平辐射，而不受功率控制影响。这对GSM中的BCCH和GSM-2中的S-BCCH是正确的。此功率电平的知识一般可为卫星系统操作员获得，此知识连同无线终端上对应的接收功率电平(按照惯例被报告给网络控制中心)可用于获得系统自己的卫星和任一其它卫星上的上行接收功率。这些数学关系基于如下定义给出：
PB：自己卫星的发射功率，用于前向链路控制信道(固定功率，先验得知)。
GDL_os：卫星天线增益：下行，自己的卫星，应用于控制信道(固定参数，先验得知)。服务点波束天线增益在ATC区域上的变化可能很小，并可忽略。
LDL_os：至无线终端的传播路径损失：下行，自己的卫星(未知参数)。
LUL_os：源于无线终端的传播路径损失：上行，自己的卫星(未知参数)。
Fos：下行路径损失的频率相关调整，以便在无干扰视距条件(先验得知)下获得上行路径损失。在多径条件下，上行和下行损失也将具有额外的时间扩散相关部分。在此假定在总体平均的基础上，此差别为零。
LUL_vs：源于无线终端的传播路径损失：上行，其它卫星(未知参数)。
V：至自己卫星的上行路径损失调整，以获得到另一卫星的路径损失(基于先验得知的到上述两卫星的传播路径几何学)。
PMRx：ATC模式下无线终端接收功率(可变功率，作为常规功率控制过程的一部分为移动终端所知并被报告给ATC网络控制中心)。
PMTx：ATC模式下无线终端发射功率(可变功率，作为上行功率控制进程的副产品为ATC网络控制中心所知)。
GM：在总体平均基础上先验得知的无线终端天线增益，对所有或一些方向取平均，并假定对上行和下行链路完全相同。
GUL_os_sbn：卫星天线增益：上行，自己的卫星，点波束#n。
GUL_vs_sbm：卫星天线增益：上行，其它卫星，点波束#m。
Pint_os：点波束#n上对自己卫星的上行ATC干扰。
Pint_vs：点波束#m上对其它卫星的上行ATC干扰。
基于上述定义，如下关系成立：
Pint_os＝PMTx+GM-LUL_os+GULos_sbn；其中，LUL_os≥0dB  (1.1)
LUL_os＝LDL_os+Fos                                    (1.2)
LDL_os＝PB+GDL_os-GM-PMRx                             (1.3)
将上述等式(1.1)-(1.3)合并可得以下等式：
Pint_os＝PMTx-(PB+GDL_os)+PMRx-Fos+GUL_os_sbn         (1)
同样地，对于任一其它卫星，如下关系成立：
Pint_vs＝PMTx+GM-LUL_vs+GUL_vs_sbm                    (2.1)
LUL_vs＝LUL_os+V                                      (2.2)
LUL_os＝LDL_os+Fos                                    (2.3)
LDL_os＝PB+GDL_os-GM-PMRx                             (2.4)
将上述等式(2.1)-(2.4)合并可得如下等式：
Pint_vs＝PMTx-(PB+GDL_os)+PMRx-Fos-V+GUL_vs_sbm       (2)
在等式(1)和(2)中，右侧的所有参数要么是先验得知的，要么可为网络控制中心实时或几乎实时获得。
因此，如图5所示，根据本发明的一些实施例，可在来自每个ATC活动无线终端(块510)以及因此来自全部ATC活动无线电终端的任何所需点波束上估计对系统自己和/或其它卫星的可能的上行干扰功率(块520)。对于每个上行信道，可以将每个无线终端的干扰功率贡献总计(块350)。这可提供在每个信道和/或每个载波基础上的系统范围的总共信道干扰功率的量度，该量度可应用于验证规定的干扰要求被ATN满足，和/或用于调整ATN和/或无线终端辐射(块540)，正如上述引用的美国专利申请中所述的那样。
通过监视进行的切换
图4显示了根据本发明一些实施例，考虑总ATC干扰监视的切换操作。这些操作可由诸如图1所示控制器150之类的控制器执行，该控制器可以是卫星、ATC、蜂窝和/或PCS系统的一部分，或者至少在一定程度上独立于这些系统。本领域的技术人员会理解，不仅可以或代之以使用紧靠前部分所述的监视技术和/或任何其它监视技术，可使用上述公布的美国专利申请出版物2003/0073436 A1中所述的监视技术。
具体而言，参照图4，先在块310测试无线终端的发射功率是否大于阈值，如结合图3所述。如果超过，则在块410使用例如上述监视技术和/或在上述公布的美国专利申请出版物2003/0073436 A1中所述的技术来测试总干扰是否违反限制。如果总干扰违反限制，则如结合图3所示的块330和/或340所述，在块330测试无线终端的位置是否“OK”。
因此，在功率控制功能要求无线终端的发射功率高于电平PTXth(块330)(此电平可对应于户外(无阻塞)条件下无线终端的额定发射功率电平)时，就如下作出判断：(A)是否已超出总干扰限制(块410)；以及(B)无线终端是否在ATC覆盖区域内(块330)。
到替代服务(蜂窝/PCS和/或卫星)的切换可根据可在420选择的至少两个备选切换策略430进行。切换策略的选择可由网络操作中心基于规章规则或其它准则进行，如下面使用布尔表示法所述一样：
策略#1：如果已超出总干扰限制，并且无线终端不在ATC覆盖区域内，则切换到其它服务。
策略#2：如果已超出总干扰水平，则切换到替代服务而不考虑无线终端的位置。
策略#1使在ATC覆盖区域外的无线终端的切换优先于在ATC覆盖区域内的无线终端的，以便减少或防止可能的总干扰限制违反。策略#2在已超出总干扰限制时对所有无线终端予以平等对待而不考虑其位置。
再次参照图4，到另一系统的切换基于如前所述的在块320的测试继续进行。更具体地说，如果接收的卫星信号的质量度量大于阈值，则可以在块360执行到卫星和/或蜂窝/PCS服务的转移。如果该接收的卫星信号的质量低于阈值，则在块350转移到蜂窝/PCS系统。
在附图和说明书中公开了本发明的实施例，虽然采用了特定的术语，但它们只在一般的和描述性的意义上使用，而不是为了进行限制，本发明的范围由随附权利要求书陈述。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于监视卫星通信系统中干扰的方法，所述卫星通信系统包括：卫星，配置为通过某个卫星频带与卫星覆盖区域中的无线终端进行无线通信；以及辅助地面组件，配置为通过至少部分所述卫星频带与卫星覆盖区域中的无线终端进行无线通信，由此在地面复用至少部分所述卫星频带；所述监视方法包括：
监视在无线终端从卫星接收的下行无线辐射，由此确定因至少部分所述卫星频带的地面复用而由所述无线终端的上行辐射造成的可能的干扰。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：监视包括监视在所述无线终端从卫星接收的下行无线信号的功率，由此确定因至少部分所述卫星频带的地面复用而由所述无线终端的上行辐射造成的可能的干扰。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：所述下行无线信号包括广播控制信道信号。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：监视由所述无线终端执行，所述方法还包括：
总计因至少部分所述卫星频带的地面复用而由所述无线终端的总上行辐射形成的所述可能的干扰。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于还包括：
调整至少一些所述无线终端和/或所述辅助地面组件，以将所述无线终端的总上行辐射减少到低于限制。
6.一种卫星通信系统，它包括：
卫星，配置为通过某个卫星频带与卫星覆盖区域中的无线终端进行无线通信；
辅助地面组件，配置为通过至少某一所述卫星无线终端频带与卫星覆盖区域中的无线终端进行无线通信，由此在地面复用至少部分所述卫星频带；以及
无线终端，配置为监视在所述无线终端从卫星接收的下行无线辐射，由此确定因至少部分所述卫星频带的地面复用而由所述无线终端的上行辐射造成的可能的干扰。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其特征在于：所述无线终端配置为通过监视在所述无线终端从卫星收到的下行无线信号功率而监视下行辐射，由此确定因至少部分所述卫星频带的地面复用而由所述无线终端的上行辐射造成的可能的干扰。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于：所述下行无线信号包括广播控制信道信号。
CN201010143693A 2003-05-16 2004-05-13 卫星通信系统中进行无线通信切换的方法和系统 Pending CN101808380A (zh)

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US7418263B2 (en) 2008-08-26
US20040229616A1 (en) 2004-11-18
CA2518778A1 (en) 2004-12-02
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US6879829B2 (en) 2005-04-12
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