CN101804585B - Numerical control programming measurement method for residual stress field and device thereof - Google Patents
Numerical control programming measurement method for residual stress field and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a numerical control programming measurement method for a residual stress field and a device thereof, belonging to the technical fields of measurement and control. In the method, during the rough machining of parts, point-to-point stress measurement in each layer on a blank is automatically finished through numerical control programming, then two-dimension stress field inversion of a corresponding layer is finished by utilizing an interpolation algorithm, and finally, the stress distribution in each layer is constructed to form three dimensional stress distribution of the blank according to the force and moment balance principal. A stress measurement device in the invention comprises an inclined laser speckle generator, an acquisition system, a collection trigger and a control system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of residual stress field control-register journey measuring method and device thereof, belong to and measure and the control technology field.
Background technology
The blank residual stress will be along with constantly excision release gradually of material in being processed into the process of part, and consequent unequal power distribution can cause processing the back part deformation.Must measure the residual stress of blank in order to study and control machining deformation, obtain the residual stress distribution in the blank.The method of existing multiple measurement residual stress can be divided into according to the measuring principle difference: based on the measuring method of Material Physics attribute and the measuring method of removing based on material.The former comprises x ray method, supercritical ultrasonics technology, method of magnetic and photoelastic method etc.The latter comprises orifice method, successively method and crackle flexibility method etc.X ray method, supercritical ultrasonics technology and method of magnetic only energy measurement object top layer are counted the stress mean value in the micrometer range, though photoelastic method energy measurement interior of articles stress distribution is only applicable to transparent substance, are not suitable for opaque metal blank.Orifice method can be measured drill hole more exactly and count the stress mean value in the mm depth scope, fathoms much larger than methods such as x ray methods.Successively method and crackle flexibility method can be measured the distribution of blank internal stress along its thickness direction, and but therefore the stress distribution of other directions of energy measurement not only is applicable to homogeneous state of stress field measurement.For open die forgings or cast member, its internal stress distributes and receives stochastic factor in the blank production process, and is uneven like the hammering at random or the heat radiation of forging hammer, usually shows as non-uniform Distribution.Distribute for the non-homogeneous stress of metal blank, in the existing measuring method based on the method for Material Physics attribute owing to fathom or the reason of the transparency obviously inapplicable, in the method for removing based on material only orifice method be applicable to this situation.But, need solve the problem of three aspects when utilizing orifice method to measure the blank stress distribution.The first, also not very big because the orifice method scope of fathoming is several millimeters with respect to the blank thickness of the tens of millimeters of thickness even hundreds of millimeters, therefore need to solve and how to utilize orifice method to measure stress is put in blank inside than deep-seated problem.Second; Orifice method only can obtain the stress value of drill hole; Can think the stress value of only having measured some place (one dimension) with respect to blank dimension; In order to measure the stress distribution of (three-dimensional) in (two dimension) on the acquisition face or the body, need carry out multimetering, therefore also need solve how based on the problem that distributes with the body internal stress on the stress data calculating face at a plurality of somes place.The 3rd, orifice method is measured to be needed to accomplish boring and surveys two key steps of strain.Boring needs the location, and precision need guarantee in 0.1mm usually.As adopt foil gauge to survey strain and then need paste foil gauge, bonding wire etc., also need adjust light path or adjustment equipment as adopting laser speckle or additive method to survey strain.So high request and loaded down with trivial details action cause the orifice method efficiency of measurement low.Though the researcher has designed multiple portable boring or has surveyed the device of strain in the industry, bore the large-scale blank in hundreds if not thousands of holes for needs and measure engineering, adopt manual measurement still to have long problem of complex operation, measuring period, need solution.
Summary of the invention
Problems such as the measuring operation that the present invention is directed to large-scale blank non-homogeneous stress distribution is loaded down with trivial details, the cycle is long, the degree of depth is limited; A kind of residual stress field control-register journey measuring method and device thereof have been proposed; Have automaticity height, efficiency of measurement height and the advantages such as scope is big that fathom, the stress distribution that is suitable for large-scale blank is measured.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for realizing above-mentioned purpose:
Residual stress field control-register journey measuring method of the present invention; It is characterized in that: each measures the stress measurement hole battle array in the layer to formulate blank; According to the measured hole position distribution feed path and boring process are carried out numerical control programming; In part roughing process, utilize and be installed in the stress measurement device layering point-to-point measurement blank residual-stress value on the machine tool chief axis; Again based on Two dimensional Distribution with each layer of stress value inverting residual stress at measured hole place in one deck, calculate the stress distribution of three layers of computation layer again based on each stress distribution of measuring layer, obtain making up each ply stress at last and distribute and obtain the three-dimensional stress field of blank.
Described when measuring layer according to roughing at every turn by the thickness of excision material, blank is divided into several by the cut-out material measures layer.
Described computation layer is the trilaminate material that the surplus material of blank after the roughing is divided into consistency of thickness.
The said gross thickness of measuring layer and computation layer equals blank thickness.
Described stress measurement dot matrix; It is characterized in that when the blank internal stress distributes the unknown, measuring on the layer and bore equally distributed rectangle or circular aperture array, the measured hole density that when blank internal stress localized variation is violent, can local be multiplied is up to the satisfied certainty of measurement of acquisition.
The method of the Two dimensional Distribution of described each layer of inverting residual stress is following:
Go out in this layer the not stress value of measured position through interpolation algorithm based on a same stress data interpolation of measuring measured hole place discrete in the layer, finally obtain the whole stress distribution in this layer.
The method of the described stress distribution that calculates three layers of computation layer is following:
The blank thickness direction is the z axle, and length and width are distributed as x and y axle in each layer, utilizes and measures ply stress and the mutual principle for balance of computation layer stress on the blank cross section, calculates the stress distribution in the layer respectively by formula (1) and (2):
σ
n+1(x，y)＝σ
n+2(x，y)＝(6B+3AH-AC)/2C
2 (1)
σ
n+3(x，y)＝(4AC-6B-3AH)/C
2 (2)
Wherein: H is a blank flat thickness,
When i=1～n, h
iRepresent that i measures layer thickness, σ
i(x, y) expression i measures the two-dimensional stress distribution in the layer; Work as i=n+1, when n+2 or n+3, h
iRepresent i computation layer thickness and all equal
σ
i(x, y) expression i computation layer should distribute by interior two-dimensional stress.
Residual stress field control-register journey measurement mechanism is made up of the laser speckle generator, acquisition system, trigger collection device and the control system that tilt, and wherein the plane included angle of the laser optical path of laser speckle generator and acquisition system is 45 degree; When main shaft was pressed in measurement mechanism on the blank surface, the trigger collection device sent pulse signal and gives the control system, and the control system starts the laser speckle generation successively and acquisition system is gathered image once; When boring finish that main shaft lifts but measurement mechanism when not leaving the blank surface as yet the trigger collection device send pulse signal once more and give the control system, the control system starts laser speckle successively and takes place and acquisition system collection image once; Said control system connects the input of laser speckle generator, acquisition system and machine tool numerical control system.
The present invention has following effect: 1, be interspersed in the roughing process owing to measuring process, so along with material in the roughing is excised gradually, the orifice method that is adopted can measure the stress value on the blank internal measurement layer.2, can be finally inversed by the continuous stress distribution of measuring in the layer through the stress value at discrete measured hole place through interpolation algorithm, get final product the certainty of measurement that proof stress distributes based on limited measurement hole count.Simultaneously calculate the stress distribution in the computation layer, finally obtain the 3-D stree field of blank, can be used as the basis of part deformation numerical analysis according to power and equalising torque principle.3, designed and to be installed on the stress measurement device on the main shaft, made complicated measuring operation to accomplish automatically, greatly reduced labour intensity and improved efficiency of measurement through numerical control programming.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the mounting structure sketch map of a preferable case study on implementation of residual stress field control-register journey measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that of residual stress field control-register journey measuring method of the present invention implements view, and blank under this state (34) is successively removed in roughing.One measures layer (32) is excised, and another is measured layer (33) and is just excised by cutter (13).Before two measurement layers (32,33) are excised, all design measured hole battle array (4) and carried out stress measurement.
Fig. 3 is that of residual stress field control-register journey measuring method of the present invention implements view; The material that will be excised in the blank under this state (34) is divided into n according to roughing material excision thickness and is measured layer, and corresponding surplus material is divided into three computation layer of uniform thickness.All measure making a concerted effort of layer and computation layer and resultant moment is zero.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of residual stress field control-register journey measuring method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that automatic stress is measured in the residual stress field control-register journey measuring method of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is that of residual stress field control-register journey measurement mechanism of the present invention implements view.
Fig. 7 is another enforcement view of residual stress field control-register journey measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the system schematic of an embodiment of residual stress field control-register journey measuring method of the present invention.
Label title among Fig. 1, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8: 11, machine tool chief axis, 12, the main shaft handle of a knife, 13, milling cutter, 211, the annulus guide rail; 212, guide pillar, 213, holddown spring, 214, support arm, 221, trigger arm; 222, trigger, 231, system bracket, 232, location hemisphere, 241, laser instrument and support, 242, spectroscope and support; 243, speculum and carriage 1,244, CCD camera, 245, speculum and carriage 2,246, convex lens and carriage 1; 247, convex lens and carriage 2,31, current measurement laminar surface, 5, the control system, 6, machine tool numerical control system; 701, speckle image 1,702, the preceding speckle image 2,801 of boring, boring back speckle image 1,802, boring back speckle image 2 before the boring; 901, control system gives the signal of machine tool numerical control system, and 902, the signal of machine tool numerical control system control machine tool chief axis, 903, the Mechanical Contact of machine tool chief axis triggering collection trigger, 904, the rising edge or the trailing edge signal of trigger; 905, control system starts the signal of laser speckle generator, and 906, the laser speckle generator produces speckle image, 907, the control system starts the signal of acquisition system, 908, acquisition system gathers speckle image.Wherein laser speckle generator 24 has two light paths, and the hardware of two light paths and the unanimity of arranging thereof, each light path all are made up of a cover 241,242,243,245,246 and 247.Acquisition system 244 constitutes by independent 244.Trigger collection device 22 constitutes by 221 and 222.
Label title among Fig. 2: the measurement layer that 32, has excised, 33, the measurement layer that just excising, 34, blank, 4, measured hole and Kong Zhen.
Label title: 601-610,60301-60312 among Fig. 4, Fig. 5, the method implementation step.
The specific embodiment
Residual stress field control-register journey measuring method of the present invention and device thereof; Mainly be in part roughing process; Automatically accomplish the stress measurement of pointwise in each layer on the blank through numerical control programming; Utilize interpolation algorithm to accomplish the two-dimensional stress field inverting of equivalent layer again, the last three-dimensional Stress Distribution that according to power and principle of moment balance each ply stress distribution is constructed blank again.The existing concrete specific embodiments that the present invention relates to method and apparatus of introducing.
Fig. 1 is the mounting structure sketch map of a preferable case study on implementation of residual stress field control-register journey measurement mechanism of the present invention.Among Fig. 1, measurement mechanism has a system bracket 231, and the lower surface of carriage 231 has been installed three location hemisphere 232.Three location hemisphere 232 constitute equilateral triangle, 150 millimeters of the length of sides, and the center of equilateral triangle is concentric with cutter 13.Leave round through hole on the bottom surface of system bracket 231 and supply cutter 13 and measurement light to pass through, 100 millimeters of bore dias, the center, hole is concentric with cutter.The identical light path of two covers has been installed on the system bracket 231, has measured the in-plane displacement of orthogonal direction respectively.Every cover light path mainly comprises laser instrument and support 241, spectroscope and support 242, speculum and carriage 1---243, CCD camera 244, speculum and carriage 2---245, convex lens and carriage 1---246 and devices such as convex lens and carriage 2---247.These devices are formed the typical dual-beam speckle interference light path of a cover, on testee, produce laser speckle.Two cover light paths all become miter angle with the axis of cutter 13, and CCD camera 244 optical axises are orthogonal in two light paths.System bracket 231 links to each other with main shaft 11 with annulus guide rail 211 through support arm 214, guide pillar 212, realizes that through holddown spring 213 slip of 211 on guide pillars 212 and annulus guide rail cushions and apply thrust.
As shown in Figure 8, residual stress field control-register journey measurement mechanism is made up of the laser speckle generator, acquisition system, trigger collection device and the control system that tilt, and wherein the plane included angle of the laser optical path of laser speckle generator and acquisition system is 45 degree; When main shaft was pressed in measurement mechanism on the blank surface, the trigger collection device sent pulse signal and gives the control system, and the control system starts the laser speckle generation successively and acquisition system is gathered image once; When boring finish that main shaft lifts but measurement mechanism when not leaving the blank surface as yet the trigger collection device send pulse signal once more and give the control system, the control system starts laser speckle successively and takes place and acquisition system collection image once; Said control system connects the input of laser speckle generator, acquisition system and machine tool numerical control system.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart of a preferable case study on implementation of residual stress field control-register journey measuring method of the present invention.Among Fig. 4, residual stress field control-register journey measuring method of the present invention can comprise the steps:
Step 601: blank as shown in Figure 2 34 is about in roughing cut-out material successively.Control system 5 is planned to this part material n and measures layer according to shown in Figure 3.Measuring bed thickness is the material thickness of once resecting in the roughing, and the n value is total excision thickness and the ratio of measuring layer thickness.Control system 5 simultaneously and divide the surplus material finger gauge into three layers, promptly so-called computation layer.Generally speaking, blank thickness, roughing excision thickness, quilt are excised material thickness and are known parameters.Planning initial measurement hole battle array in measuring layer size range, according to shown in Figure 2, pitch of holes equates respectively that at X axle and Y direction distance values can be for measuring 1/10 of layer length or width dimensions.
Step 602: control system 5 is according to the numerical control program of the initial measurement hole battle array establishment boring of step 601 planning.The diameter of program mesopore and deep equality can be for measuring 9/10 of layer thickness.
Step 603: control system 5 is sent to machine tool numerical control system 6 with numerical control program for the signal 901 of machine tool numerical control system through the control system.The numerical control program that machine tool numerical control system 6 execution in step 602 are write is measured layer to i and is carried out the automatic stress measurement.The value of i is 1 before measuring beginning, and along with the completion of this layer measurement is added 1 gradually.Claim to be current measurement layer just at measured measurement layer.What this step was involved comprises step as shown in Figure 5 by hole automatic stress measurement:
Repeat step 60301-60312, all accomplished measurement up to current measurement layer institute is porose, then step 603 is accomplished.
Measured hole battle array according to new repeats step 602-606, and it is qualified to measure layer certainty of measurement up to i.Only need when it should be noted that repeating step 602 measured hole newly-increased in the step 606 is write the processing numerical control program.
The above is merely the residual stress field control-register journey measuring method that the present invention relates to and a preferred embodiments of device thereof, but practical range of the present invention is not limited thereto example.
Claims (6)
1. residual stress field control-register journey measuring method; It is characterized in that: each measures the stress measurement hole battle array in the layer to formulate blank; According to the measured hole position distribution feed path and boring process are carried out numerical control programming, in part roughing process, utilize to be installed in the stress measurement device layering point-to-point measurement blank residual-stress value on the machine tool chief axis; Go out in this layer the not stress value of measured position through interpolation algorithm based on a same stress data interpolation of measuring measured hole place discrete in the layer, finally obtain the whole stress distribution in this layer; Calculate the stress distribution of three layers of computation layer again based on the stress distribution of each measurement layer, obtain making up each ply stress distribution at last and obtain the three-dimensional stress field of blank; The method of the stress distribution of said three layers of computation layer is following:
The blank thickness direction is the z axle, and length and width are distributed as x and y axle in each layer, utilizes and measures ply stress and the mutual principle for balance of computation layer stress on the blank cross section, calculates the stress distribution in the layer respectively by formula (1) and (2):
σ
n+1(x，y)＝σ
n+2(x，y)＝(6B+3AH-AC)/2C
2 (1)
σ
n+3(x，y)＝(4AC-6B-3AH)/C
2 (2)
Wherein: H is a blank flat thickness,
When i=1～n, h
iRepresent that i measures layer thickness, σ
i(x, y) expression i measures the two-dimensional stress distribution in the layer; Work as i=n+1, when n+2 or n+3, h
iRepresent i computation layer thickness and all equal
σ
i(x, y) expression i computation layer should distribute by interior two-dimensional stress;
Said measurement mechanism is made up of the laser speckle generator, acquisition system, trigger collection device and the control system that tilt, and wherein the plane included angle of the laser optical path of laser speckle generator and acquisition system is 45 degree; When main shaft was pressed in measurement mechanism on the blank surface, the trigger collection device sent pulse signal and gives the control system, and the control system starts the laser speckle generator successively and acquisition system is gathered image once; When boring finish that main shaft lifts but measurement mechanism when not leaving the blank surface as yet the trigger collection device send pulse signal once more and give the control system, the control system starts laser speckle generator and acquisition system collection image once successively; Said control system connects the input of laser speckle generator, acquisition system and machine tool numerical control system.
2. residual stress field control-register journey measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described when measuring layer according to roughing at every turn by the thickness of excision material, blank is divided into several by the cut-out material measures layer.
3. residual stress field control-register journey measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described when measuring layer according to roughing at every turn by the thickness of excision material, blank is divided into several by the cut-out material measures layer.
4. residual stress field control-register journey measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described computation layer is the trilaminate material that the surplus material of blank after the roughing is divided into consistency of thickness.
5. residual stress field control-register journey measuring method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the said gross thickness of measuring layer and computation layer equals blank thickness.
6. residual stress field control-register journey measuring method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described stress measurement hole battle array; When the blank internal stress distributes the unknown, measuring on the layer and boring equally distributed rectangle or circular aperture array, the measured hole density that when blank internal stress localized variation is violent, can local be multiplied is up to the satisfied certainty of measurement of acquisition.
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| CN103353360B (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2015-07-01 | 西安交通大学 | Method for measuring residual stress of welded rotor |
| CN103558807B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2016-03-23 | 济南大学 | Based on machining curve surface of workpiece pattern and curved surface dynamic (dynamical) cutter path formation method |
| CN111649858B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2021-11-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method and system for testing three-dimensional stress of residual stress of material by using nanoindentation method |
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