CN101803631B - Combined drying method for improving dehydration efficiency of maize - Google Patents
Combined drying method for improving dehydration efficiency of maize Download PDFInfo
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- CN101803631B CN101803631B CN2010101538899A CN201010153889A CN101803631B CN 101803631 B CN101803631 B CN 101803631B CN 2010101538899 A CN2010101538899 A CN 2010101538899A CN 201010153889 A CN201010153889 A CN 201010153889A CN 101803631 B CN101803631 B CN 101803631B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a crop drying technology, in particular to a combined drying method for improving the dehydration efficiency of maize, which aims at solving the problems of long drying time, low drying efficiency, serious pollution and the like in the prior drying technology. The drying technology consists of two/three stages, in the front stage, a hot air/microwave drying is adopted andchanged into microwave drying to the end point when drying to certain water content. The equipment used by a drying technology is a hot air dryer and a microwave oven; and by using the heating characteristic of microwave, the invention solves the problems of long drying time of crops, low drying efficiency, serious pollution and the like in the prior drying technology.
Description
Technical field
A kind of combined drying method that improves dehydration efficiency of maize the invention belongs to the grain and food processing technique field, relates to the storage processing of grain, is mainly used in the production of dehydration grain.
Background technology
With the hot-air be normal pressure heated-air drying that medium carries out convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection be still present application at most, the most economic grain dehydration storage practice; But because drying time is long, efficient is low; The loss of thermal sensitivity nutritional labelings such as the drying medium temperature is high, the migration of solable matter, and there is inferior quality in dried cereal, vitamin or active component is serious; Shortcomings such as the crackle rate is big, and the institutional framework distortion is violent.
With the wavelength is 1mm～1m, and frequency is 3.0 * 10
2～3.0 * 10
5The electromagenetic wave radiation material of MHz at the inner heat that produces of material, promotes that migration is the normal pressure microwave drying of characteristic to the material internal moisture to the outside, is the new and high technology in the modern dehydrated food processing.Because microwave drying has that rate of drying is fast, the time is short, the thermal efficiency is high, is convenient to advantages such as control and environmental protection, for the rapid draing of food such as cereal, soybean, fruits and vegetables provides new means.
Moisture existence form in the grain seed can be divided into Free water, colloid and combine three types of water and chemical bonding waters.Free water, promptly the moisture in the cell capillary combines more lax with dry; Being easy to evaporation, is the major part in the grain moisture content, is characterized in mobile big; Not only be prone to, and borrow capillarity to move to the surface internally, discharge easily when therefore drying from surface evaporation.Colloid combines water to be because the moisture of the aquation absorption of colloid has more firm binding ability, is difficult for getting rid of.This moisture specific ionization water is stable, has only in the ordinary course of things after free water evaporates, and could on the evaporating surface of vacateing, evaporate a part; Chemical bonding water combines more firm with dry, if remove the variation that this part water must cause physical property and chemical property, this water is not that drying will be got rid of.
The dehydration of heated-air drying is mainly in the constant speed phase, and the reduction of speed phase dewaters needs the time of 1/3-1/2, and the constant speed phase of microwave drying is short, and dehydration is basically in the reduction of speed phase, and shorten drying time greatly.Therefore the two is combined, seek suitable combined drying transfer point, can realize both having reduced the production cost of microwave drying, shorten the heated-air drying time again, thereby develop a kind of combined drying method that improves the grain dewatering efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of combined drying method that improves dehydration efficiency of maize; Utilize economic heated-air drying method to remove the most of free water in the grain; Utilize microwave drying to remove the speciality that colloid combines the water aspect fast again; After finding suitable combined drying transfer point, shortening drying time, energy consumption are reduced, a kind of new means are provided for increasing substantially the grain dewatering efficiency.Adopt microwave heating method that grain organization internal temperature is improved rapidly, accelerate diffusion in the moisture, thereby reach quick-drying purpose.
Statement purpose of the present invention is passed through, and technical scheme realizes:
1, a kind of combined drying method that improves dehydration efficiency of maize adopts hot air convection and microwave combined dewatering type, it is characterized in that the conversion regime of combined drying: adopt heated-air drying early stage, the later stage is adopted microwave drying, and concrete steps are:
A) grain raw material is chosen: the moisture content that will newly gather in the crops is that the corn of 30-35% is rubbed grain with the hands, removes impurity such as corn stigma, broken kernel, selects the iblet of color and luster basically identical, evenly paves;
B) heated-air drying: adopt the PH070A drying box, hot blast temperature is 50～60 ℃, and wind speed 0.2～0.5m/s carries out drying under normal pressure, and being dried to the corn moisture content is 20% ± 2%;
C) microwave drying: with the corn after the heated-air drying, adopt the WP700A micro-wave oven, microwave power is 100～140W, under normal pressure, carries out drying, and being dried to the corn moisture content is 14% ± 1%, naturally cooling;
D) plastic bag packaging: cooled corn is packed with plastic tape;
E) lucifuge storage: lucifuge is stored in shady and cool dry place.
2, a kind of combined drying method that improves dehydration efficiency of maize according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the transfer point of combined drying is a moisture content 20% ± 2%.
Technique effect of the present invention:
Adopt microwave combining drying method (AMVD) behind the first hot blast, promptly with hot blast the moisture content of fresh grain is dried to a certain degree (20% ± 2%) earlier, convert the moisture content (14% ± 1%) of microwave drying again to regulation.Because of removing most of free water with heated-air drying early stage, the rest parts colloid combines hydromining with this drying means of microwave, both can shorten drying time, can guarantee product quality again.
The combined drying technological synthesis that microwave system combines with hot-air system the advantage separately of microwave and hot blast, both reduced baking temperature, accelerated rate of drying again, have fast, characteristics such as efficient, low temperature, can keep the quality of the grain that is dried preferably.
Material choice → hot blast-microwave drying → select → removal of impurities → packing → storage
The present invention compares the advantage (function, effect) that is had with background technology
Compare with the heated-air drying background technology; The present invention adopts hot blast and microwave combining drying mode; The later stage of drying adopts microwave drying; Shorten drying time, kept the original color, smell, taste and shape quality of grain to greatest extent, overcome the disadvantage of deterioration qualities such as the crackle rate that the independent heated-air drying of background technology causes is big, loss of nutritional ingredients is serious.
Compare with background technology, the moisture content of the present invention through material be as the transfer point of combined drying, has simple to operately, is easy to advantages such as control.
When selecting drying means, take all factors into consideration factors such as drying time (production efficiency), product quality and production cost, it is dry that this technology is specially adapted to the later stage of grain class material, and equipment cost, operating cost are lower.Microwave drying has lot of advantages such as speed is fast, time weak point, drying efficiency height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 microwave oven sketch map;
Fig. 2 hot air drier structural representation.
1. exhaust outlets, 2. microwave generators, 3. rotating discs, 4. power adjusting knobs, 5. power switches, 6. power switches, 7. temperature adjustment knobs, 8. dried material supports, 9. exhaust outlets, 10. fans among the figure
The specific embodiment
Further specify particular content of the present invention and embodiment thereof below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing illustrated embodiment.
The present invention is heated-air drying and microwave drying associating (AMVD), observes with physical and chemical index through the organoleptic indicator and checks northeast corn in the sex change severe in water smoking, confirms the technology of combined drying.
AMVD is and is divided into two stages to whole dry run: arrive certain moisture to the sample heated-air drying earlier, again sample is then carried out microwave drying to final finished.Concrete process route is following:
Material choice → heated-air drying to moisture content transfer point → microwave drying to final moisture content → select → removal of impurities → packing → storage
The present invention adopts a kind of combined drying method stage by stage that improves dehydration grain cost performance; At first choose the grain raw material of known certain moisture content; Like corn, soybean, paddy etc.,, carry out heated-air drying, normal pressure microwave drying through after selecting; Pack the lucifuge storage as required with all size high density polyethylene (HDPE) bag.
The free water that the present invention adopts economic heated-air drying to remove earlier in the grain in earlier stage combines water with few part colloid, and later stage employing microwave drying removes the part colloid and combines water, shortens drying time.
The present invention unites heated-air drying and microwave drying, adopts test to confirm combined drying transfer point moisture content, confirms the method for drying process stage by stage again.
The operation principle and the course of work of invention
Normal pressure microwave drying has the drying mechanism different with conventional drying, promptly under radiation field effect, the polar molecule in the wet stock absorb electromagenetic wave radiation can, because of the alternate of frequency causes that the polar molecule high speed is shimmy, the principle of collision and frictional heat.At first the intensification of wet stock and evaporation are carried out in whole volume simultaneously, and the energy of heating does not rely on heat medium transmission, and thermograde is conducted heat consistent with the vapour pressure migratory direction in the dry run; Form huge driving force at the inner formation steam that generates rapidly of material, produce a kind of " pumping effect ", drive moisture and shift to the surface with the form of steam; It is fast to have rate of drying, and the time is short, and quality is good; Advantages such as the heat energy utilization rate is high, saves the energy, and is pollution-free.The fast dewatering that microwave drying is carried out under lower temperature.
Adopt hot blast combined drying method behind the first microwave, promptly be dried to a certain degree with the moisture content of microwave earlier, convert the moisture content (14% ± 1%) of heated-air drying again to regulation with grain.Though this method can shorten drying time, poor product quality.Degree of dehydration is different because the inhomogeneities during the microwave radiation makes the grain different parts, is prone to the gelatinization variable color, influences the aesthetic quality.In addition, with microwave the grain of high-moisture percentage is carried out radiation and be tantamount to boiling, cause the destruction of organization structure of the plant, the exterior quality of dried product is poor.
For example, the production of the dehydration corn of the follow-up normal pressure microwave combining drying of first heated-air drying mode.
Fresh corn 100g (moisture content about 30%) through selecting removal of impurities, carries out heated-air drying earlier, and dehydration is to about 20%, and it is about about 14% to carry out microwave drying to moisture content again, packs with all size high density polyethylene (HDPE) bag as required then.
Claims (1)
1. a combined drying method that improves dehydration efficiency of maize adopts hot air convection and microwave combined dewatering type, it is characterized in that the conversion regime of combined drying: adopt heated-air drying early stage, the later stage is adopted microwave drying, and concrete steps are:
A) grain raw material is chosen: the moisture content that will newly gather in the crops is that the corn of 30-35% is rubbed grain with the hands, removes impurity such as corn stigma, broken kernel, selects the iblet of color and luster basically identical, evenly paves;
B) heated-air drying: adopt the PH070A drying box, hot blast temperature is 50～60 ℃, and wind speed 0.2～0.5m/s carries out drying under normal pressure, and being dried to the corn moisture content is 20% ± 2%;
C) microwave drying: with the corn after the heated-air drying, adopt the WP700A micro-wave oven, microwave power is 100～140W, under normal pressure, carries out drying, and being dried to the corn moisture content is 14% ± 1%, naturally cooling;
D) plastic bag packaging: cooled corn is packed with plastic tape;
E) lucifuge storage: lucifuge is stored in shady and cool dry place;
The transfer point of combined drying is a moisture content 20% ± 2%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010101538899A CN101803631B (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2010-04-23 | Combined drying method for improving dehydration efficiency of maize |
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| CN2010101538899A CN101803631B (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2010-04-23 | Combined drying method for improving dehydration efficiency of maize |
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| CN101803631A CN101803631A (en) | 2010-08-18 |
| CN101803631B true CN101803631B (en) | 2012-08-29 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| ITVI20120245A1 (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-03-28 | Cartigliano Off Spa | PLANT FOR SANITIZING FOOD FLOURS, GRAINS AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS |
| ITVI20120244A1 (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-03-28 | Cartigliano Off Spa | METHOD FOR SANITIZING FOOD FLOURS, GRAINS AND SIMILAR PRODUCTS |
| WO2014049565A1 (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-03 | Officine Di Cartigliano Spa | Plant and method for the sanitizing flours, grains and similar products |
| CN104543253B (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2017-12-12 | 广西大学 | A kind of preparation method of passion fruit Momordica grosvenori alternative tea |
| CN105166034A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-12-23 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Microwave radiation drying method for high-moisture grain |
| CN105665404A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-15 | 无锡职业技术学院 | Crop drying and dedusting all-in-one machine |
| CN108703360A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-26 | 镇远县苗岭山珍有限公司 | A kind of method of fast eliminating mushroom moisture |
| CN108991110A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-12-14 | 江西省科学院食品工程创新中心 | A kind of lotus seeds drying means |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101406315A (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2009-04-15 | 杨兰钦 | Earlier stage treatment process of material |
| CN101595951A (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2009-12-09 | 江苏大学 | The online microwave of wheat bran and air-flow combination drying equipment and method |
| CN101658205A (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2010-03-03 | 江苏大学 | Continuous synchronous microwave enzyme inactivation and drying device and method for grain germ |
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| US4622757A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-11-18 | Energy International, Inc. | Cogeneration microwave food dryer |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101406315A (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2009-04-15 | 杨兰钦 | Earlier stage treatment process of material |
| CN101595951A (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2009-12-09 | 江苏大学 | The online microwave of wheat bran and air-flow combination drying equipment and method |
| CN101658205A (en) * | 2009-09-15 | 2010-03-03 | 江苏大学 | Continuous synchronous microwave enzyme inactivation and drying device and method for grain germ |
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