CN101794033A - Method and device for strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman - Google Patents
Method and device for strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman Download PDFInfo
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- CN101794033A CN101794033A CN200910273490A CN200910273490A CN101794033A CN 101794033 A CN101794033 A CN 101794033A CN 200910273490 A CN200910273490 A CN 200910273490A CN 200910273490 A CN200910273490 A CN 200910273490A CN 101794033 A CN101794033 A CN 101794033A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman. The method combines two characteristics of atom excited Raman gain and Faraday anomalous dispersion effect of atom steam in a single atom steam bubble. The device for realizing the method comprises a narrow band polarization beam splitter, two holophotes, an atom steam bubble with an external magnetic field with a part of size, an aperture slot with adjustable pore size and a pair of Gran Thomson prisms. In the invention, the atom steam optical filtering signals are strengthened by above 10 times in the atom steam bubble with the external magnetic field with a part of size through vertical direction of weak signal light and pump laser polarization and matching frequency, and scattered light and passband external background light of pumping lasers are inhibited by an optical polarization device, therefore, the device has the advantages of high suppression ratio (-105), adjustable optical filtering wavelength and the like. The invention remarkably enhances the atom steam optical filtering characteristic and the detection sensitivity and has important significance to application in the fields of remote laser communication, free space quantum communication and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the faint optical signal technical field, the method that more specifically relates to a kind of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman, the device that also relates to strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman simultaneously is applicable to that specifically free space quantum communications, lasercom and fluorescent type laser radar etc. need extract faint optical signal in bias light strong, wide spectrum.
Background technology
Utilize the quantum communications of polarization, phase place or the spin state coding classical information of photon to have the property of being perfectly safe in theory, the trend of its development is to realize long distance, high efficiency information transmission.The quantum communications of globalization can realize the communication of star star, star by ground.Because the bias light (daylight, moonlight or starlight) of airspace carries the characteristic that the single photon of information has higher light intensity and broad spectrum relatively.Therefore, carrying the faint light subsignal of information in the detection of airspace background condition, reduce and transmit the error code that background noise produces in the information process, is a technical challenge that faces.
As a kind of device of optical lightscreening efficiently, the atom filter method is widely used: for example, and the fields such as fluorescent type laser radar detection of the classical laser communication in the atmospheric environment, the remote sensing survey of ocean temperature, middle layer atmospheric characteristic on daytime (temperature, wind speed etc.).In quantum communications, use the interference filter of nm bandwidth magnitude, the photon signal that carries information can be submerged in the daylight ground unrest fully.How to realize round-the-clock free space quantum communications, reduce the bit error rate that background noise produces? the atomic light filter of～GHz magnitude provides one to select preferably, and it can realize the narrow band transmission of feeble signal under the daylight ground unrest.
Chinese invention patent " the Space Quantum Communication device of use atomic light filter " [Sun Xianping, Li Ruohong, Luo Jun, Zhan Mingsheng., the patent No.: ZL200310111370.4] and document " Free-space quantum keydistribution with Rb vapor filters " [Xin Shan, Xianping Sun, Jun Luo, Zheng Tanand Mingsheng Zhan., Applied Physics Letter, 89,191121 (2006)] point out, for the free space quantum cryptography communication, experimental demonstration shows: the auxiliary detection method of use Rb atom filter can be at the bias light (light of airspace, starlight, daylight when moonlight and dusk) the single photon sequence signal to polarization encoder is successfully measured under the condition, and quantum communication system has been had significant improvement.But, point out simultaneously: relative with the sun and when not using micropore spatial filtering and time window filtering method when the optics receiving telescope, the background noise that the quantum communications receiver of the existing atomic light filter of use detects still can make the bit error rate increase, therefore have influence on the efficient of obtaining of safe key, can't realize round-the-clock use.
Patent in application " atom filtering method and device that Raman light is amplified " [Dan Xin, Sun Xianping, Luo Jun, Zhan Mingsheng, Chinese invention patent application number: 200810046862.2] and document " Ultranarrow-bandwidth atomic filter with Raman light amplification " [Xin Shan, Xianping Sun, Jun Luo and Mingsheng Zhan., Optics Letters
3316 (2008), 1842.] set up atom filtering method and device that a kind of Raman light is amplified, atom steam bubble amplifies by a Raman light in this system and an atom chromatic dispersion optical filtering steam bubble is formed, this filtering apparatus has super narrow bandwidth (tens MHz) characteristic and can realize effective light amplification of tens of times of magnitude feeble signals, thereby can suppress background noise more effectively, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that feeble signal is surveyed.But, owing to used the combination of two atom steam bubbles, this just need two of equipments independently temperature control modules (be used for regulating, control and measure temperature, make it to be operated in the suitable atoms number density) mate the running parameter of two atom steam bubbles respectively, thus increased the complexity of device.Therefore, setting up a kind of brand-new enhancing atom vapor optical filtering signals method and apparatus presses for.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of method of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman.The feeble signal light transmission is by single atom steam bubble, both needed to satisfy atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gain condition, must satisfy faraday (Faraday) the anomalous dispersion condition of atom vapor again, under bias light (daylight, moonlight or the starlight) condition of airspace, the relative intensity of using single atom steam bubble greatly to strengthen feeble signal light realizes super narrow-band-filter passage simultaneously.Easy to implement the method, easy to operate and have a characteristic of signal enhancing/optical filtering double effects.
Another object of the present invention is to be to provide a kind of aggregation type Raman of realizing to strengthen the device of atom filter signal method.Externally-applied magnetic field on the portion size of single atom steam bubble, designing no magnetic field part is atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gain region, design is added with the faraday that magnetic field part is an atom vapor (Faraday) anomalous dispersion district; Also designed and be used for the orthogonal Glan thomson of a pair of optical axis (Glan-Thompson) prism that optics is selected polarization, the flashlight that allows to strengthen passes through, and suppresses super arrowband (≤background noise outside 2GHz); Structure is simple with use, and main devices has only comprised the atom steam bubble of a portion size externally-applied magnetic field and Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism of the mutual vertical placement of a pair of polarization; Has signal enhancing/optical filtering double effects, compare with existing atomic light filter, the relative intensity that apparatus of the present invention obtain the atom vapor optical filtering signals strengthens more than ten times, has greatly improved the optical filtering transmitance, has optical filtering operation wavelength adjustable (～GHz scope) and high rejection ratio (～10 simultaneously
5) etc. characteristics.
To achieve these goals, the present invention has adopted following technical measures:
The invention provides the method and the device of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman, utilize this method and apparatus, can greatly reduce the bit error rate that causes by background noise in the communication process, to guarantee the formation efficiency of safe key.Than existing atom filter method, the present invention has simple in structure and more superior light-filtering characteristic, not only can be used for classical lasercom, in the fields such as fluorescent type laser radar, also have the uniqueness that directly in the free space quantum communication system, to use.
Utilizing Transmission Fibers itself as gain media, and produce the amplification of Raman Process realization to arbitrary wavelength signals light in the optical fiber window by coupled laser, is the principle of work of fiber Raman amplifier.The present invention is different fully therewith: proposed to gather in single atom steam bubble the method for utilizing atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gain and two characteristics of faraday (Faraday) anomalous dispersion effect to remove to obtain to strengthen the atom vapor optical filtering signals.Use a branch of pumping laser action to portion size externally-applied magnetic field atom steam bubble, at the population that has changed population on two ground state levels of atom in the atom vapor of no magnetic field part, thereby make atom change at the polarizability of feeble signal light wave strong point, and cause the variations in refractive index of incident feeble signal light, cause greatly strengthening the relative intensity of feeble signal light by the coherence effect of atomic transition; In succession, because part has added the faraday of atom vapor (Faraday) anomalous dispersion effect in the field region, make and the interactional deflection that is enhanced 90 ° of flashlight polarization direction generations of atom vapor; Select polarization by optics, the outer wide spectrum bias light (daylight) of the scattered light of pumping laser and passband all is suppressed, and the flashlight that only strengthens can be measured by a photodetector in the communication control processor, reaches the purpose that atom vapor optical filtering signals relative intensity strengthens.
Compare with existing atom filter device, can strengthen the relative intensity of atom vapor optical filtering signals effectively based on the device of the inventive method, that the mode of operation that its single channel signal strengthens can further reduce is strong, wide spectrum bias light (daylight etc.) is to the influence of feeble signal photodetection.Therefore, improve the receiving efficiency (promptly reducing the communication bit error rate) of quantum communication system and make and realize that round-the-clock free space quantum communications become possibility.
The present invention has adopted the method for removing to obtain to strengthen the atom vapor optical filtering signals in the gain of the atom steam bubble upper set atom-exciting Raman (Raman) of a portion size externally-applied magnetic field and two characteristics of faraday (Faraday) anomalous dispersion effect, a kind of method of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman the steps include:
(a) atom steam bubble of a portion size externally-applied magnetic field of use, the pumping laser radiation of a branch of horizontal polarization is on the atom vapor of no field region, regulate its with respect to feeble signal light on an off-resonance frequency, changed the particle population number on the atomic energy level in the steam bubble, atom is polarized;
When (b) the feeble signal light of a branch of vertical polarization transmitted by the atom vapor after the polarization after pumping laser intersection is closed bundle, its refractive index changed;
(c) pumping laser and feeble signal light frequency satisfy atom virtual level two-photon resonance condition simultaneously, and the relative intensity of feeble signal light obtains to strengthen through the no field region of atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gain process at atom steam bubble;
(d) in succession, pumping laser passes through atom steam bubble externally-applied magnetic field zone with flashlight beam splitting that is enhanced and transmission, and faraday (Faraday) anomalous dispersion effect makes the flashlight polarization direction that strengthens deflect;
(e) utilize optics to select polarizing method again, suppress the scattered light and the outer wide spectrum bias light of passband of pumping laser, do not influence the relative intensity that is enhanced flashlight;
(f) finally measure the atom vapor optical filtering signals that obtains the relative intensity enhancing by the photodetector that is installed in the communication control processor.
In order to realize the method for above-mentioned enhancing atom vapor optical filtering signals, the present invention has adopted the device of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman, it comprises feeble signal light, pumping laser, narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS), two Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, two completely reflecting mirrors, the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, aperture adjustable diaphragm.The pumping laser that it is characterized in that incident links to each other with narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS), the pumping Laser Transmission is by narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS), first completely reflecting mirror and second completely reflecting mirror, the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, link to each other with blacking sheet metal outside the hole of aperture adjustable diaphragm, the feeble signal light of incident links to each other with first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, the feeble signal optical transmission direction of incident is identical with the magnetic field B direction that the first permanent magnet magnet group and the second permanent magnet magnet group produce, it is successively by first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm, link to each other with second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, at last, transmission is by shining on the photodetector of communication control processor from apparatus of the present invention behind second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism.The atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field with change the pumping laser of transmission direction by narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) back by first total reflective mirror and second completely reflecting mirror and link to each other by the feeble signal light behind first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism.
Transmission links to each other with the outer blacking sheet metal of the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm by the atom steam bubble of narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS), completely reflecting mirror, portion size externally-applied magnetic field successively after the incident of described pumping laser, pumping laser is vertical mutually with feeble signal polarisation of light direction, with low-angle no field region in the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field of 0.2 °-3 ° join mutually bundle and co-propagate, and be added with the field region beam splitting.
Transmission is successively by first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, the aperture and second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism of aperture adjustable diaphragm after the incident of described feeble signal light, outgoing in apparatus of the present invention at last.
Described first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, the aperture adjustable diaphragm keeps coaxial with the transmission direction of feeble signal light, first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism is vertical mutually with the optical axis direction of second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, wherein the optical axis direction of first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism is consistent with the feeble signal polarisation of light direction of incident, and the magnetic direction on the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field is consistent with the feeble signal optical transmission direction.
The atoms range that uses in the atom steam bubble of described portion size externally-applied magnetic field is alkali metal atom, comprises potassium (K), sodium (Na), rubidium (Rb) and caesium (Cs).Its concrete technical scheme is as follows:
(A) the strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman device adds atom steam bubble, a narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) of pair of magnet group, two completely reflecting mirrors, aperture adjustable diaphragm and two Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism by a portion size and forms.The orthogonal a branch of feeble signal light in polarization direction and a branch of pumping laser incide in apparatus of the present invention, pumping laser links to each other with narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS), feeble signal light links to each other with first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, and the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field has passed through narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) with transmission by feeble signal light behind first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism and incident and linked to each other by the pumping laser of first completely reflecting mirror with second completely reflecting mirror combination guiding transmission.
(B) pumping laser incides apparatus of the present invention and makes after the narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) that pumping laser keeps horizontal polarization by one, first completely reflecting mirror and second completely reflecting mirror combination are with its reflection guiding transmission, there is a small angle to incide jointly in the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field with feeble signal light, do not adding the field region bundle of joining mutually, and in the zone and the flashlight beam splitting of externally-applied magnetic field.After the atom steam bubble outgoing of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, blocked by blacking sheet metal outside the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm.
(C) after feeble signal light incides apparatus of the present invention and passes through first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, transmission is by atom steam bubble, the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm, second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism of portion size externally-applied magnetic field successively, and outgoing in apparatus of the present invention, measure by the photodetector in the communication control processor.
(D) optical axis direction of first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism is consistent with the feeble signal polarisation of light direction of vertical polarization, first polarization direction with second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism is vertical mutually, and the atom steam bubble of first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, portion size externally-applied magnetic field, aperture adjustable diaphragm, the axis of second Glan thomson prism and the transmission direction of feeble signal light are consistent.
(E) two group of magnets are similar to the placement of a pair of last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurse hertz (Helmholtz) coil, merge the magnetic field that produces 0.01-0.30Tesla, and magnetic field intensity depends on two distances between the group of magnets, and the direction in magnetic field is consistent with the flashlight transmission direction.Each group of magnets constitutes ring-type by 3-8 sheet magnet, evenly is installed in atom steam bubble portion size outside, and first group of magnets is designed to adjustable positions, can change the intensity in magnetic field, and second group of magnets is designed to the fixed position.
(F) active region in the atom steam bubble is meant the zone of laser and atomic interaction, the present invention has two active regions in design in the single atom steam bubble: the no magnetic field part in the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field is atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gain region, and externally-applied magnetic field partly is faraday (Faraday) the anomalous dispersion district of atom vapor.
(G) the feeble signal reference optical power of incident is to the mW magnitude from the photon counting horizontal signal, by after first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson), at first incide in atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gain regions in no magnetic field in the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field.The frequency matching of feeble signal light and pumping laser satisfies atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gain condition, and it also satisfies atom vapor faraday (Faraday) anomalous dispersion simultaneously and optics selects polarizer to merge the frequency requirement of gating.
(H) the pumping laser power scope of incident is from 50mW to 1000mW, when the atom steam bubble that incides the portion size externally-applied magnetic field with feeble signal light, atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gain regions that does not have magnetic field part at atom steam bubble and the feeble signal light bundle of joining mutually, and be added with atom vapor faraday (Faraday) the anomalous dispersion district and the beam splitting of feeble signal light of magnetic field part at atom steam bubble.The frequency of pumping laser departs from atom vapor faraday (Faraday) anomalous dispersion fully and optics selects polarizer to merge the frequency requirement of gating.
(I) at atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gain region (that is: the no magnetic field part of atom steam bubble) of the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, because the effect of pumping laser, the polarizability of atom changes in the atom steam bubble, thereby causes the variations in refractive index of feeble signal light.When feeble signal light frequency and pumping laser frequency satisfy the two-photon resonance condition, quantum coherent in atom-exciting Raman (Raman) process causes stronger Ke Er (Kerr) nonlinear effect, makes feeble signal light in the enhancing that obtains by relative intensity behind the atom vapor more than ten times.
(J) flashlight that is enhanced passes through faraday (Faraday) the anomalous dispersion district (that is: be added with magnetic field part) of the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field again, and the existence in magnetic field makes atomic energy level that hyperfine Zeeman (Zeeman) division take place.The flashlight that uses among the present invention is a linearly polarized light, usually can be considered to the equal left-handed garden polarized light of two amplitudes and the stack of right-circularly polarized light, therefore, near the atom vapor resonance absorbing peak, because the left-handed refractive index different with right-circularly polarized light, the feeble signal light that causes incident rotates on the polarization direction behind transmission one segment distance, has only those polarization directions to turn over
(n=0,1,2 ...) the light of frequency could select polarizer by optics.In the inventive method and the device, after selecting to have set correlation parameters such as atom steam bubble length, magnetic field intensity, atomicity density, have only near frequency being enhanced flashlight and can absorbing more weak and polarization direction half-twist atomic resonance frequency, second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism that consecutive transmissions is placed by horizontal polarization direction.And the scattered light of pumping laser and passband (≤2GHz) bias light of outer broad spectrum is suppressed, and what finally measure simultaneously is the flashlight that relative intensity is enhanced because atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gains.
(K) the atom vapor optical filtering signals that is enhanced of outgoing can be by being installed in photodetector conventional in the communication control processor in apparatus of the present invention---and for example photon counting module, photomultiplier or photodiode etc. carry out opto-electronic conversion and measure.
Use the inventive method and device, atom vapor optical filtering transmission spectrum that experiment measuring obtains and signal enhancing spectrogram are seen shown in Figure 1, and signal strengthens the back to be compared with situation about not strengthening, and the relative intensity that can obtain the atom vapor optical filtering signals strengthens more than ten times.
Apparatus of the present invention have the following advantages:
(1) feeble signal light can greatly be strengthened, its intensification factor is mainly by factor decisions such as the frequency of the length of atom steam bubble, pumping laser and power, typically can obtain the enhancing of atom vapor optical filtering signals relative intensity more than ten times, thereby improve the detection sensitivity of flashlight.
(2) scope of application of feeble signal light and pumping laser power is bigger, and feeble signal light can be from the photon counting horizontal signal to the mW magnitude; And the power bracket of pumping laser is from 50mW to 1000mW, depends on when communicating by letter the needed intensification factor of feeble signal light.
(3) because the present invention only uses the atom steam bubble of a portion size externally-applied magnetic field, simplified the structure that strengthens atom vapor optical filtering signals device, improved the efficient that strengthens the atom vapor optical filtering signals.
(4) suitably regulate the intensity in magnetic field on the atom steam bubble of pumping laser and feeble signal light frequency, portion size externally-applied magnetic field, the atom vapor optical filtering signals light frequency that strengthens also can change thereupon, cause frequency of operation tunable, its tuning range is～the GHz magnitude.
(5) compare with existing atomic light filter, the atom vapor light-filtering characteristic among the present invention have the outer wide spectrum optical noise of identical passband～10
5High rejection ratio.
Strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman method and apparatus provided by the invention can perform well in receiving faint optical signal under strong, wide spectrum bias light (for example daylight) condition, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and acquisition of signal sensitivity have further been improved, all be with a wide range of applications in free space quantum communications or lasercom field, make the round-the-clock operate as normal of they possibilities.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. use the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, experimental observation atom vapor optical filtering signals and enhancing thereof.Atom vapor optical filtering transmission spectrum when a is the pumping laser shutdown among the figure; It shows as the common atom vapor chromatic dispersion light filter of a faraday (Faraday) rotation effect; Transmission spectrum when b opens for pumping laser, it demonstrates the characteristic of the inventive method and device: compare with a, atom vapor optical filtering signals relative intensity has obtained greatly to strengthen, and typically intensification factor is above ten times.The part experiment parameter is: work temperature=378K, the pumping laser intensity is～6.8W/cm
2C is the absorption spectra of atom vapor, with the demarcation of working frequency.
Fig. 2. be the present invention---the structural representation of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman method and apparatus in the thick dashed line.Wherein: narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3, first completely reflecting mirror 4 and second completely reflecting mirror 5, first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6 and second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11, atom steam bubble 7, the first permanent magnet magnet group 8 and the second permanent magnet magnet group 9 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, magnetic field intensity B, aperture adjustable diaphragm 10.
Embodiment
Elaborate below in conjunction with the method for accompanying drawing, the steps include: strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman of the present invention
(a) narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3 of pumping laser 2 incidents of horizontal polarization by the identical placement in polarization direction changes its transmission directions by total reflective mirror 4 and completely reflecting mirror 5 in succession and shines on the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field.
(b) after feeble signal light 1 incident from a branch of vertical polarization of communication transmitter, at first, then, incide on the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field by first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6 of the identical placement in polarization direction.
(c) forward part of the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field does not have magnetic field.When the frequency of pumping laser 2 and feeble signal light 1 satisfies atom virtual level two-photon resonance condition simultaneously, pumping laser 2 has changed atomic energy level particle population number in the steam bubble, make atom polarize, and during the atom vapor part after feeble signal light 1 is by polarization, its refractive index changes.Like this, the relative intensity of feeble signal light 1 is owing to atom-exciting Raman (Raman) gain process strengthens.
(d) the back part of the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field is added with the first permanent magnet magnet group 8, the second permanent magnet magnet group 9 outward, and they merge the magnetic field B that produces along the 0.01-0.30Tesla of atom steam bubble central axis direction.When pumping laser 2 and feeble signal light 1 together are transferred to the externally-applied magnetic field zone of atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, because the frequency of pumping laser 2 is positioned at outside the filter passband, and itself and 1 incident of feeble signal light have a little angle, then the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field be added with field region and 1 beam splitting of feeble signal light, consecutive transmissions is blocked to aperture adjustable diaphragm 10 aperture blacking sheet metals.For departing from rotation
(n=0,1,2 ...) bias light of broad spectrum of frequency requirement and the scattered light of pumping laser 2, they or absorbed by atom vapor or stopped and be suppressed by second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11.For feeble signal light 1, it satisfies the frequency requirement of faraday (Faraday) rotation effect, is not absorbed by atom vapor when the externally-applied magnetic field zone of the atom steam bubble 7 by the portion size externally-applied magnetic field and 90 ° of rotations take place in the polarization direction.
(e) optical axis direction of selecting first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6 of device of polarization and second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11 as optics mutually vertical, extinction ratio be 10
5The polarizing method of selecting optics will suppress the scattered light and the outer wide spectrum bias light of passband of pumping laser, and do not influence the relative intensity that is enhanced flashlight, therefore, feeble signal light 1 can transmit by the aperture adjustable diaphragm 10 and second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11 after strengthening, and outgoing in apparatus of the present invention.
(f) last, the relative intensity that is measured feeble signal light 1 by the photodetector in the communication control processor is greatly strengthened---and promptly: the inventive method has reached the purpose that the background noise height suppresses and the atom vapor optical filtering signals greatly strengthens.
According to the invention described above method, and using alkaline metal rubidium (Rb) atom vapor to be example, the device of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman provided by the present invention is described in further detail.
Apparatus of the present invention are made up of atom steam bubble 7, the first permanent magnet magnet group 8 and the second permanent magnet magnet group 9, the aperture adjustable diaphragm 10 of narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3, first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6 and second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11, first completely reflecting mirror 4 and second completely reflecting mirror 5, portion size externally-applied magnetic field.
The pumping laser 2 of incident links to each other with narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3,2 transmission of pumping laser are by narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3, first completely reflecting mirror 4 and second completely reflecting mirror 5, atom steam bubble 7 backs of portion size externally-applied magnetic field link to each other with blacking sheet metal outside the hole of aperture adjustable diaphragm 10, the feeble signal light 1 of incident links to each other with first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6, feeble signal light 1 transmission direction of incident is identical with the magnetic field B direction that the first permanent magnet magnet group 8 and the second permanent magnet magnet group 9 produce, it is successively by first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6, the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, link to each other with second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11 behind the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm 10, shine in apparatus of the present invention on the photodetector in the communication control processor by second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11 back at last.The atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field with change the pumping laser 2 of transmission directions by first completely reflecting mirror 4 with second completely reflecting mirror 5 by narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3 back and link to each other by the feeble signal light 1 behind first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6.
In experimental demonstration, apparatus of the present invention are in optically pumped laser is installed in communication control processor.Pumping laser 2 from communication control processor is the linear polarization laser of typical MHz live width, and power is scalable in the 50-1000mW scope, and wavelength tuning is near the D2 resonance line 780nm of alkaline metal rubidium (Rb) atom.
The transparent surface of narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3 is coated with the 780nm anti-reflection film, and extinction ratio is 1000: 1.
The extinction ratio of first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6 and second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11 is 10
5, transparent surface plating 780nm anti-reflection film, 1 transmission of feeble signal light is passed through from the axle center of first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6, second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11.
First completely reflecting mirror 4 and second completely reflecting mirror 5 are the 780nm plated film, regulate its angle, pumping laser 2 is correctly incided in the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, with guarantee in the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field no field region can with feeble signal light 1 bundle of joining mutually.
Parameters such as the magnetic field intensity B of the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, atomicity density and atomic vapour bubble length can influence the change in location of magnetic rotation ability, hyperfine Zeeman (Zeeman) energy level, thereby cause the change of relative intensity, position and the bandwidth of the atomic vapour optical filtering signals that is enhanced, therefore, all must correctly regulate them to optimum value by experiment.The atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field is cylindrical Simon Rex (Pyrex) glass envelope of sending, the long scope of bubble is 100mm-500mm, diameter range is 10mm-50mm, two end faces of bubble are sheet glass hot melt veneer and keep parallel fully, be filled with a few mg alkaline metal rubidiums (Rb) in the bubble, the external first permanent magnet magnet group 8, the second permanent magnet magnet group 9 of being added with of the atomic vapour bubble of a part of size.
The first permanent magnet magnet group 8 and the second permanent magnet magnet group 9 are NdFeB material, each group of magnets comprises a plurality of permanent magnet magnet, according to the requirement of the length of different atomic species, atomicity density and atom steam bubble for magnetic field intensity B, the number of permanent magnet magnet is 3-8, evenly is installed in atom steam bubble 7 outsides of portion size externally-applied magnetic field with ring-type.Similar a pair of last of the twelve Earthly Branches nurse hertz (Helmholtz) coil mode is assembled the first permanent magnet magnet group 8 and the second permanent magnet magnet group 9, and they merge the magnetic field B that produces 0.01-0.30Tesla, and its direction is consistent with feeble signal light 1 direction of propagation.After the magnet number of each group of magnets is determined, can change magnetic field intensity B by regulating two distances between the group of magnets, the first permanent magnet magnet group 8 of apparatus of the present invention design is that adjustable positions, the second permanent magnet magnet group 9 are the fixed position, and the position that changes the first permanent magnet magnet group 8 just can reach the purpose of variation magnetic field intensity B.
The aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm 10 is surperficial blacking sheet metal outward, can be used in the pumping laser 2 that blocks from atom steam bubble 7 outgoing of portion size externally-applied magnetic field.
The pumping laser 2 of incident is vertical mutually with the polarization direction of feeble signal light 1, and satisfies that no field region and alkaline metal rubidium (Rb) atom vapor interact in the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, the occurrence condition of excited Raman (Raman) gain; And only feeble signal light 1 satisfies the atomic interaction that is added with field region and is in the sub-energy level of hyperfine Zeeman (Zeeman) in the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, the frequency requirement that reaches half-twist.Pumping laser 2 is with the atom steam bubble 7 of 0.2 °-3 ° low-angle illuminated portion size externally-applied magnetic field, close bundle with feeble signal light 1 most of intersection in excited Raman (Raman) gain regions of the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, distinguish bundle at faraday (Faraday) anomalous dispersion.Pumping laser 2 is after atom steam bubble 7 outgoing of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, and pumping laser 2 is transferred on the outer blacking sheet metal of aperture adjustable diaphragm 10 apertures and is blocked; 1 transmission direction of feeble signal light is coaxial with atom steam bubble 7, aperture adjustable diaphragm 10, second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, the feeble signal light 1 atom steam bubble 7 back relative intensities by the portion size externally-applied magnetic field obtain to strengthen and the polarization direction half-twist, be installed in photodetector in the communication control processor can detect from apparatus of the present invention outgoing be enhanced the atom vapor optical filtering signals, and can not detect bias light, pumping laser 2 and scattered light thereof outside the passband.
Connection in the device of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman of the present invention is described in detail as follows:
Apparatus of the present invention are made up of atom steam bubble 7, the first permanent magnet magnet group 8 and the second permanent magnet magnet group 9, the aperture adjustable diaphragm 10 of narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3, first completely reflecting mirror 4 and second completely reflecting mirror 5, first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6 and second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11, portion size externally-applied magnetic field.It is characterized in that: the pumping laser 2 of incident links to each other with narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3,2 transmission of pumping laser are successively by narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3, first completely reflecting mirror 4 and second completely reflecting mirror 5, the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field links to each other with the outer blacking sheet metal of the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm 10, the feeble signal light 1 of incident links to each other with first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6, the feeble signal light 1 of incident is identical with the magnetic field B direction that the first permanent magnet magnet group 8 and the second permanent magnet magnet group 9 produce, and it is successively by first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6, the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm 10 links to each other with second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11.The atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field with change the pumping laser 2 of transmission directions by narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3 back by first completely reflecting mirror 4 and second completely reflecting mirror 5 and link to each other with feeble signal light 1 by first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6.
The workflow of the device of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman of the present invention is:
Pumping laser 2 and feeble signal light 1 go into to inject apparatus of the present invention, narrow band polarization beam splitter (NB-PBS) 3 guarantees pumping laser 2 horizontal polarizations, first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6 guarantees feeble signal light 1 vertical polarization, pumping laser 2 is vertical mutually with feeble signal light 1 polarization direction and be tuned to suitable frequency respectively, makes feeble signal light 1 obtain excited Raman (Raman) gain in the no field region and the interaction of alkaline metal rubidium (Rb) atom vapor of the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field.Regulate first completely reflecting mirror 4 and second completely reflecting mirror 5, make pumping laser 2 and feeble signal light 1 incide in the atom steam bubble 7 of portion size externally-applied magnetic field with a little angle, and in join the mutually Shu Tongxiang transmission of no field region, it is to make to join mutually with feeble signal light 1 that the bundle distance increases and can not be by the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm 10 that its incident angle is calibrated standard really.First Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism, 6 optical axis directions are consistent with the polarization direction of feeble signal light 1, and the feeble signal light 1 that has guaranteed vertical polarization can can't harm and pass through; The optical axis of second Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 11 is vertical mutually with first Glan thomson (Glan-Thompson) prism 6, makes the outer bias light of passband, pumping laser 2 and scattered light thereof can not pass through it.Therefore, apparatus of the present invention can suppress the scattered light height of the outer background noise of the passband of broad spectrum, pumping laser 2, simultaneously, obtain greatly to have strengthened alkaline metal rubidium (Rb) atom vapor optical filtering signals.
Be example all in the foregoing description to strengthen alkaline metal rubidium (Rb) atom vapor optical filtering signals, in actual applications, the present invention relates to other alkali metal atom potassium (K), sodium (Na) and caesium (Cs) steam, in specific implementation process, need to select respectively the laser instrument of corresponding alkali metal atom transition wavelength, optical device, atomicity density, atom steam bubble length and the relevant magnetic field intensity of operation wavelength plated film.
Claims (7)
1. the method for a strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman the steps include:
(a) atom steam bubble of a portion size externally-applied magnetic field of use, the pumping laser radiation of a branch of horizontal polarization is on the atom vapor of no field region, regulate its with respect to feeble signal light on an off-resonance frequency, changed the particle population number on the atomic energy level in the steam bubble, atom is polarized;
When (b) the feeble signal light of a branch of vertical polarization transmitted by the atom vapor after the polarization after pumping laser intersection is closed bundle, its refractive index changed;
(c) pumping laser and feeble signal light frequency satisfy atom virtual level two-photon resonance condition simultaneously, and the relative intensity of feeble signal light obtains to strengthen through the no field region of atom-exciting Raman gain process at atom steam bubble;
(d) in succession, pumping laser passes through atom steam bubble externally-applied magnetic field zone with flashlight beam splitting that is enhanced and transmission, and the faraday anomalous dispersion effect makes the flashlight polarization direction that strengthens deflect;
(e) utilize optics to select polarizing method again, suppress the scattered light and the outer wide spectrum bias light of passband of pumping laser, do not influence the relative intensity that is enhanced flashlight;
(f) finally measure the atom vapor optical filtering signals that obtains the relative intensity enhancing by the photodetector that is installed in the communication control processor.
2. the device of the described a kind of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman of claim 1, it comprises narrow band polarization beam splitter (3), first, the second Glan thomson prism (6,11), first, second completely reflecting mirror (4,5), the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field (7), first, the second permanent magnet magnet group (8,9), aperture adjustable diaphragm (10), it is characterized in that: the pumping laser (2) of incident links to each other with narrow band polarization beam splitter (3), pumping laser (2) transmission is by narrow band polarization beam splitter (3), first completely reflecting mirror (4) and second completely reflecting mirror (5), the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field (7) back links to each other with the outer blacking sheet metal of the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm (10), the feeble signal light (1) of incident links to each other with the first Glan thomson prism (6), feeble signal light (1) transmission direction of incident is identical with magnetic field (B) direction that the first permanent magnet magnet group (8) and the second permanent magnet magnet group (9) produce, it is successively by the first Glan thomson prism (6), the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field (7), the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm (10) links to each other with the second Glan thomson prism (11), shine in this device on the photodetector in the communication control processor by the second Glan thomson prism (11), the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field (7) with by narrow band polarization beam splitter (3), first completely reflecting mirror (4), the pumping laser (2) of second completely reflecting mirror (5) and continuous by the feeble signal light (1) of the first Glan thomson prism (6).
3. the device of a kind of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: transmission links to each other with the outer blacking sheet metal of the aperture of aperture adjustable diaphragm (10) by the atom steam bubble (7) of narrow band polarization beam splitter (3), first, second completely reflecting mirror (4,5), portion size externally-applied magnetic field successively after described pumping laser (2) incident, pumping laser (2) is vertical mutually with the polarization direction of feeble signal light (1), is being added with the regional beam splitting in magnetic field (B).
4. the device of a kind of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman according to claim 2 is characterized in that: transmit after described feeble signal light (1) incident successively by the first Glan thomson prism (6), the atom steam bubble (7) of portion size externally-applied magnetic field, the aperture and second Glan thomson prism (11) outgoing of aperture adjustable diaphragm (10).
5. the device of a kind of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the atom steam bubble (7) of the described first Glan thomson prism (6), portion size externally-applied magnetic field, the second Glan thomson prism (11), aperture adjustable diaphragm (10) are coaxial with the transmission direction of feeble signal light (1), and the first Glan thomson prism (6) is vertical mutually with the optical axis direction of the second Glan thomson prism (11).
6. the device of a kind of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the optical axis direction of the described first Glan thomson prism (6) is consistent with the polarization direction of the feeble signal light (1) of incident, and magnetic field (B) direction on the atom steam bubble of portion size externally-applied magnetic field (7) is consistent with feeble signal light (1) transmission direction.
7. a kind of strengthening atom steam optical filtering signals by combined Raman device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the atoms range that uses in the atom steam bubble of described portion size externally-applied magnetic field (7) is alkali metal atom, comprises potassium, sodium, rubidium and caesium.
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