CN101791651A - Superplastic forming and processing method for sheets and superplastic-forming air pressure loading device thereof - Google Patents

Superplastic forming and processing method for sheets and superplastic-forming air pressure loading device thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101791651A
CN101791651A CN201010109351A CN201010109351A CN101791651A CN 101791651 A CN101791651 A CN 101791651A CN 201010109351 A CN201010109351 A CN 201010109351A CN 201010109351 A CN201010109351 A CN 201010109351A CN 101791651 A CN101791651 A CN 101791651A
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pressure
air pressure
superplastic forming
superplastic
plc
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童国权
李光俊
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group Co Ltd
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a superplastic forming and processing method for sheets and a superplastic air pressure loading device, and belongs to the technical field of superplastic forming and processing of the sheets. The method and the air pressure loading device are characterized in that: the superplastic deformation of the sheets is always controlled within or close to the range of an optimal strain rate so as to give full play to the superplastic performance of the materials and improve the wall thickness uniformity and use performance of formed parts. The air pressure loading device comprises a control system, an upper mold air pressure loading system, a lower mold air pressure loading system and a vacuum system for the upper and lower molds. The superplastic forming and processing method and the air pressure loading device can perform processes of superplastic forming, back pressure forming and positive and negative forming on the sheets such as high-temperature alloys, titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, metal matrix composites, intermetallic compounds and the like to form complex part shapes.

Description

A kind of plate superplastic forming processing method and superplastic forming air pressure loading device thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the superplastic forming air pressure loading device that a kind of plate superplastic forming processing method and this method are used.
Background technology
Superplastic forming is a kind of precise forming process of making difficult-to-machine material part and complex structural member.In the superplastic forming, distortion of materials depends on the sheet thickness attenuation in the die cavity.To the dark chamber of complexity class part, all inequality and variation in time of the stress state of plate each point causes the formation of parts evenness of wall thickness poor in the forming process.The deformation extent that pastes the mould position at last is excessive, and inner hole mark height has reduced the serviceability of formation of parts.Improve the drip molding evenness of wall thickness and be one of emphasis that people pay close attention to.The technical measures of improving the formation of parts evenness of wall thickness have: will be out of shape and concentrate the strain rate at position to be controlled in the best strain rate scope positive and negative shaping etc.
To the easy material that in superplastic forming, produces hole such as aluminium alloy, metal-base composites, by applying about 0.7 σ sBack pressure, in material, set up hydrostatic pressure, can suppress the germinating and the development of hole effectively, can improve the serviceability of formation of parts.
Superplastic forming technology all needs super mould air pressure loading device and could realize.In early days, the super air pressure loading device of moulding relies on the artificial aperture of by-pass valve control intermittently, and this will inevitably make strain rate depart from optimum range.U.S. C.H.Hamilton succeeds in developing monolithic processor controlled air pressure-loading system, shaping air pressure can be regulated continuously by pressure p-time t curve that simple mechanical analysis obtains, control accuracy greatly improves, it is comparatively convenient to operate, but monolithic processor controlled air pressure-loading system still can not carry out counterpressure forming and positive and negative shaping.
Summary of the invention:
The superplastic forming air pressure loading device that provides a kind of superplastic forming processing method and this method to use is provided the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, can realize counterpressure forming, positive and negative shaping.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of plate superplastic forming processing method of the present invention is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) makes mould, determine zoom factor, guarantee that formation of parts is required size according to mold materials and plate linear expansion coefficient difference;
(2) set up model, utilize commercial finite element analysis software, obtain pressure p-time t curve, guarantee that superplastic forming is near best strain rate;
(3) mold temperature is heated to before plate begins oxidation, inhales the temperature of hydrogen, carries out Argon automatically and vacuumizes, and circulates detergent line and mold cavity 3 times;
(4) mould reaches forming temperature, and pressing force p-time t curve applies air pressure to the blank plate automatically;
(5) after superplastic forming finishes, the automatic vent pressure release, mould and formation of parts cool off with stove, reach mold clearing temperature, and part is got in die sinking.
Described Argon pressure is 0.1~0.5MPa, and mold temperature and depanning pickup mold temperature that the beginning Argon vacuumizes are 200~550 ℃.
A kind of plate superplastic forming processing method superplastic forming air pressure loading device, it is characterized in that: comprise control system, patrix air pressure-loading system, counterdie air pressure-loading system and upper and lower mould pumped vacuum systems, described control system is made up of Industrial PC and PLC, Industrial PC is sent the dynamic instruction according to pressure p-time t curve, by the break-make of PLC execution command and control patrix air pressure-loading system, counterdie air pressure-loading system and upper and lower mould pumped vacuum systems.Described patrix air pressure-loading system is connected the patrix entrance point, comprise source of the gas, servo unit, pressure transmitter, the instruction that described servo unit sends according to the PLC of control system, gas in the source of the gas is delivered in the patrix through pressure transmitter by the pressure of appointment, described pressure transmitter is converted to pressure signal in the pipeline signal of telecommunication and feeds back PLC, is moved according to the control of the pressure in pipeline servo unit by PLC.Described counterdie air pressure-loading system is connected the counterdie entrance point, comprise source of the gas, servo unit, pressure transmitter, the instruction that described servo unit sends according to the PLC of control system, gas in the source of the gas is delivered in the counterdie through pressure transmitter by the pressure of appointment, described pressure transmitter is converted to pressure signal in the pipeline signal of telecommunication and feeds back PLC, is moved according to the control of the pressure in pipeline servo unit by PLC.Described servo unit is a needle-valve, and its drive source is electric operator or stepper motor.Described pressure transmitter is connected with the buffering gas cylinder, and described pressure transmitter is connected with the buffering gas cylinder, is used for cushioning and the pressure of stable pipeline.Described upper and lower mould pumped vacuum systems comprises magnetic valve, vacuum meter, vavuum pump, described magnetic valve is connected in the patrix outlet side, described magnetic valve is connected in the counterdie outlet side, magnetic valve links to each other with vavuum pump with vacuum meter, magnetic valve links to each other with vavuum pump with vacuum meter by plug, the instruction unpack that magnetic valve sends according to the PLC of control system or turn-off pipeline, vacuum meter is used for measuring the pipeline vacuum condition, vavuum pump is used to vacuumize, the inlet end and the outlet side of described patrix are connected with differential pressure gauge, and the inlet end and the outlet side of counterdie are connected with differential pressure gauge.
The present invention has following good effect than prior art.A kind of plate superplastic forming processing method of the present invention can realize counterpressure forming, positive and negative shaping, the superplastic forming air pressure loading device that this method is used, the plate superplastic forming can be controlled near the best strain rate, give full play to the superplastic ability of material, improve the Thickness Distribution of formation of parts, improve the serviceability of formation of parts.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the superplastic forming air pressure loading device schematic diagram that a kind of plate superplastic forming processing method of the present invention is used.
Fig. 2 is the counterpressure forming method schematic diagram of a kind of plate superplastic forming processing method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the positive and negative manufacturing process schematic diagram of a kind of plate superplastic forming processing method of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawing: 1 source of the gas, 2 and 11 servo units, 3 and 13 pressure transmitters, 4 and 12 buffering gas cylinders, 5,9,14 and 17 magnetic valves, 6 and 15 differential pressure gauges, 7 patrixes, 8 plates, 10 sources of the gas, 16 counterdies, 18 plugs, 19 vacuum meters, 20 vavuum pumps.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but therefore do not limit the present invention among the described practical range.
Fig. 1 is the superplastic forming air pressure loading device schematic diagram that a kind of plate superplastic forming processing method of the present invention is used, comprise control system, patrix air pressure-loading system, counterdie air pressure-loading system and upper and lower mould pumped vacuum systems, described control system is made up of Industrial PC and PLC, PLC is an industrial computer, Industrial PC is sent the dynamic pressure p instruction according to pressure p-time t curve, by the break-make of PLC execution command and control patrix air pressure-loading system, counterdie air pressure-loading system and upper and lower mould pumped vacuum systems.Described patrix air pressure-loading system is connected patrix entrance point A, comprise source of the gas 1, servo unit 2, pressure transmitter 3, the instruction that described servo unit 2 sends according to the PLC of control system, gas in the source of the gas 1 is delivered in the patrix 7 through pressure transmitter 3 by the pressure of appointment, described pressure transmitter 3 is converted to pressure signal in the pipeline signal of telecommunication and feeds back PLC, is moved according to the control of the pressure in pipeline servo unit 2 by PLC.Described counterdie air pressure-loading system is connected counterdie entrance point A ', comprise source of the gas 10, servo unit 11, pressure transmitter 13, the instruction that described servo unit 11 sends according to the PLC of control system, gas in the source of the gas 10 is delivered in the counterdie 16 through pressure transmitter 13 by the pressure of appointment, described pressure transmitter 13 is converted to pressure signal in the pipeline signal of telecommunication and feeds back PLC, is moved according to the control of the pressure in pipeline servo unit 11 by PLC.Described servo unit 2 and 11 is needle-valves, and its drive source is electric operator or stepper motor.Described pressure transmitter 3 is connected with buffering gas cylinder 4, and described pressure transmitter 13 is connected with buffering gas cylinder 12, is used for cushioning and the pressure of stable pipeline.Described upper and lower mould pumped vacuum systems comprises magnetic valve 5,9,14 and 17, vacuum meter 19, vavuum pump 20, described magnetic valve 5 is connected in patrix inlet end A, described magnetic valve 14 is connected in counterdie inlet end A ', described magnetic valve 9 is connected in patrix outlet side B, described magnetic valve 17 is connected in counterdie outlet side B ', magnetic valve 9 links to each other with vavuum pump 20 with vacuum meter 19, magnetic valve 17 links to each other with vavuum pump 20 with vacuum meter 19 by plug 18, magnetic valve 5,9,14 and 17 instruction unpacks that send according to the PLC of control system or turn-off pipeline, vacuum meter 19 is used for measuring the pipeline vacuum condition, vavuum pump 20 is used to vacuumize, the inlet end A and the outlet side B of described patrix 7 are connected with differential pressure gauge 6, and the inlet end A ' of counterdie and outlet side B ' are connected with differential pressure gauge 15.Except that source of the gas 1, source of the gas 10 and vavuum pump 20, all the other components and parts all are installed on the inside and panel of a switch board.Adopt absolute pressure formula pressure transmitter, the range of pressure transmitter 3 is 0~12MPa, and the range of pressure transmitter 3 is 0~5MPa.Adopt copper tube and snap joint or flare type joint to be connected to form pipeline.The withstand voltage 15MPa of differential pressure gauge that adopts, its range is 0~0.1MPa.
Fig. 2 is the counterpressure forming method schematic diagram of a kind of plate superplastic forming processing method of the present invention.A kind of plate superplastic forming processing method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) make mould, determine zoom factor according to mold materials and plate linear expansion coefficient difference, guarantee that formation of parts is required size, patrix 7 and counterdie 16 adopt material manufacturings such as hot die steel, heat-resistance stainless steel or high temperature alloy;
(2) set up the superplastic forming part model, utilize commercial finite element analysis software, obtain pressure p-time t curve, and read in industrial computer, guarantee that superplastic forming is near best strain rate;
(3) mold temperature is heated to before plate begins oxidation, inhales the temperature of hydrogen, carries out Argon automatically and vacuumizes, and circulates detergent line and mold cavity 3 times;
(4) mould reaches forming temperature, and pressing force p-time t curve applies air pressure to the blank plate automatically;
(5) after superplastic forming finishes, the automatic vent pressure release, mould and formation of parts cool off with stove, reach mold clearing temperature, and part is got in die sinking.
Described Argon pressure is 0.1~0.5MPa, and mold temperature and depanning pickup mold temperature that the beginning Argon vacuumizes are 200~550 ℃.The mold heated mode is hot forming lathe electrical heating platform or hydraulic machine annex cabinet-type electric furnace.Described Argon vacuumizes, at first by PLC industrial computer control servo unit needle valve movement, magnetic valve 5 and 14 is opened, magnetic valve 9 and 17 cuts out, and produces Argon pressure in pipeline and mold cavity, and next PLC industrial computer control servo unit needle-valve is closed and magnetic valve 5 and 14 cuts out, magnetic valve 9 and 17 is opened, form mold cavity, blank plate and vavuum pump path up and down, finish vacuumizing, arrive scheduled time rear electromagnetic valve 14 and 17 automatic disconnections.
The counterpressure forming processing method of Fig. 2 superplastic forming technology is in patrix air pressure-loading system upper cavity to be loaded air pressure, makes blank plate 8 produce distortion, and counterdie air pressure-loading system loads certain air pressure to lower mode cavity, about 0.7 σ simultaneously s, plate 8 is out of shape under approximate hydrostatic pressure state, it is uneven to suppress distortion so effectively.
The positive and negative manufacturing process of Fig. 3 superplastic forming technology is by the part shape requirement, not only to the patrix pressurization but also to the counterdie pressurization, made part finish the shaping of complicated shape, apparatus of the present invention provide upper and lower mould air pressure-loading system, can synchronously or implement upper and lower mould pressurization step by step, finish part forming.
Use superplastic forming air pressure loading device of the present invention can also realize two laminate subtend forming technologies, three layers or four laminates diffusion connection group technology, finish the superplastic forming of multiple complex parts shape.
Apparatus of the present invention can be controlled at the plate superplastic forming near the best strain rate, give full play to the superplastic ability of material, improve the Thickness Distribution of formation of parts, improve the serviceability of formation of parts.

Claims (10)

1. plate superplastic forming processing method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) makes mould, determine zoom factor, guarantee that formation of parts is required size according to mold materials and plate linear expansion coefficient difference;
(2) set up model, utilize commercial finite element analysis software, obtain pressure p-time t curve, guarantee that superplastic forming is near best strain rate;
(3) mold temperature is heated to before plate begins oxidation, inhales the temperature of hydrogen, carries out Argon automatically and vacuumizes, and circulates detergent line and mold cavity 3 times;
(4) mould reaches forming temperature, and pressing force p-time t curve applies air pressure to the blank plate automatically; (5) after superplastic forming finishes, the automatic vent pressure release, mould and formation of parts cool off with stove, reach mold clearing temperature, and part is got in die sinking.
2. a kind of plate superplastic forming processing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Argon pressure is 0.1~0.5MPa.
3. a kind of plate superplastic forming processing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: mold temperature and depanning pickup mold temperature that the beginning Argon vacuumizes are 200~550 ℃.
4. plate superplastic forming processing method superplastic forming air pressure loading device, it is characterized in that: comprise control system, patrix air pressure-loading system, counterdie air pressure-loading system and upper and lower mould pumped vacuum systems, described control system is made up of Industrial PC and PLC, Industrial PC is sent the dynamic instruction according to pressure p-time t curve, by the break-make of PLC execution command and control patrix air pressure-loading system, counterdie air pressure-loading system and upper and lower mould pumped vacuum systems.
5. a kind of superplastic forming air pressure loading device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described patrix air pressure-loading system is connected patrix (7) entrance point, comprise source of the gas (1), servo unit (2), pressure transmitter (3), the instruction that described servo unit (2) sends according to the PLC of control system, gas in the source of the gas (1) is delivered in the patrix (7) through pressure transmitter (3) by the pressure of appointment, described pressure transmitter (3) is converted to pressure signal in the pipeline signal of telecommunication and feeds back PLC, is moved according to the control servo unit of the pressure in the pipeline (2) by PLC.
6. a kind of superplastic forming air pressure loading device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described counterdie air pressure-loading system is connected counterdie (16) entrance point, comprise source of the gas (10), servo unit (11), pressure transmitter (13), the instruction that described servo unit (11) sends according to the PLC of control system, gas in the source of the gas (10) is delivered in the counterdie (16) through pressure transmitter (13) by the pressure of appointment, described pressure transmitter (13) is converted to pressure signal in the pipeline signal of telecommunication and feeds back PLC, is moved according to the control servo unit of the pressure in the pipeline (11) by PLC.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described a kind of superplastic forming air pressure loading devices, it is characterized in that: described servo unit (2) and (11) are needle-valves, and its drive source is electric operator or stepper motor.
8. according to claim 5 or 6 described a kind of superplastic forming air pressure loading devices, it is characterized in that: described pressure transmitter (3) is connected with buffering gas cylinder (4), described pressure transmitter (13) is connected with buffering gas cylinder (12), is used for cushioning and the pressure of stable pipeline.
9. according to claim 5 or 6 described a kind of superplastic forming air pressure loading devices, it is characterized in that: described upper and lower mould pumped vacuum systems comprises magnetic valve (5), (9), (14) and (17), vacuum meter (19), vavuum pump (20), described magnetic valve (5) is connected in the patrix outlet side, described magnetic valve (14) is connected in the counterdie outlet side, magnetic valve (9) links to each other with vavuum pump with vacuum meter, magnetic valve (17) links to each other with vavuum pump (20) with vacuum meter (19) by plug (18), magnetic valve (5), (9), (14) and (17) instruction unpack of sending according to the PLC of control system or turn-off pipeline, vacuum meter (19) is used for measuring the pipeline vacuum condition, and vavuum pump (20) is used to vacuumize.
10. a kind of superplastic forming air pressure loading device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the inlet end of described patrix (7) and outlet side are connected with differential pressure gauge (6), and the inlet end of counterdie (16) and outlet side are connected with differential pressure gauge (15).
CN201010109351A 2010-02-09 2010-02-09 Superplastic forming and processing method for sheets and superplastic-forming air pressure loading device thereof Pending CN101791651A (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102626735A (en) * 2012-03-15 2012-08-08 南昌航空大学 Method for controlling superplasticity bulging air pressure loading based on largest m value method
CN103042093A (en) * 2013-01-04 2013-04-17 太原科技大学 Thick-wall shell metal piece forming method
CN103060732A (en) * 2012-12-10 2013-04-24 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Titanium alloy superplastic-forming heating device
CN103286186A (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-09-11 吉林大学 Anti-oxidation program controlled accurate loading experiment device and method for super-plasticity free bulging through photoelectric measurement
CN103394592A (en) * 2013-07-29 2013-11-20 北京超塑新技术有限公司 Superplastic forming mold and superplastic forming method
CN103760930A (en) * 2014-01-03 2014-04-30 南京航空航天大学 Variable optimal strain rate superplastic bulging multiple-gas-channel pressure control method, control device thereof and using method
CN105415745A (en) * 2014-09-03 2016-03-23 天津市天锻压力机有限公司 Pressure control system for large superplastic forming and diffusion bonding hydraulic machine
WO2018049511A1 (en) * 2016-09-19 2018-03-22 Eugene Ryzer Use of a supersonic fluidic oscillator in superplastic forming and system for same
CN110315190A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-10-11 北京航星机器制造有限公司 It is applicable in superplastic forming-diffusion connection hot former hydraulic control method and system
CN113008485A (en) * 2021-02-23 2021-06-22 哈尔滨工业大学 Four-layer structure superplastic forming/diffusion connection real-time monitoring system and monitoring method thereof
CN114309912A (en) * 2021-12-28 2022-04-12 北京航星机器制造有限公司 Vacuum high-pressure diffusion connection superplastic forming gas circuit system and control method
CN114749562A (en) * 2022-06-14 2022-07-15 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Air guide system of superplastic forming/diffusion bonding die and manufacturing method thereof

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102626735A (en) * 2012-03-15 2012-08-08 南昌航空大学 Method for controlling superplasticity bulging air pressure loading based on largest m value method
CN103060732A (en) * 2012-12-10 2013-04-24 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Titanium alloy superplastic-forming heating device
CN103286186A (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-09-11 吉林大学 Anti-oxidation program controlled accurate loading experiment device and method for super-plasticity free bulging through photoelectric measurement
CN103042093A (en) * 2013-01-04 2013-04-17 太原科技大学 Thick-wall shell metal piece forming method
CN103042093B (en) * 2013-01-04 2015-06-24 太原科技大学 Thick-wall shell metal piece forming method
CN103394592A (en) * 2013-07-29 2013-11-20 北京超塑新技术有限公司 Superplastic forming mold and superplastic forming method
CN103394592B (en) * 2013-07-29 2015-12-09 北京超塑新技术有限公司 For the method for superplastic formation
CN103760930A (en) * 2014-01-03 2014-04-30 南京航空航天大学 Variable optimal strain rate superplastic bulging multiple-gas-channel pressure control method, control device thereof and using method
CN105415745A (en) * 2014-09-03 2016-03-23 天津市天锻压力机有限公司 Pressure control system for large superplastic forming and diffusion bonding hydraulic machine
CN105415745B (en) * 2014-09-03 2017-05-24 天津市天锻压力机有限公司 Pressure control system for large superplastic forming and diffusion bonding hydraulic machine
WO2018049511A1 (en) * 2016-09-19 2018-03-22 Eugene Ryzer Use of a supersonic fluidic oscillator in superplastic forming and system for same
US10875072B2 (en) 2016-09-19 2020-12-29 Eugene Ryzer Use of a supersonic fluidic oscillator in superplastic forming and system for same
CN110315190A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-10-11 北京航星机器制造有限公司 It is applicable in superplastic forming-diffusion connection hot former hydraulic control method and system
CN110315190B (en) * 2019-05-28 2021-12-21 北京航星机器制造有限公司 Hydraulic control method and system of thermoforming machine suitable for superplastic forming-diffusion bonding
CN113008485A (en) * 2021-02-23 2021-06-22 哈尔滨工业大学 Four-layer structure superplastic forming/diffusion connection real-time monitoring system and monitoring method thereof
CN114309912A (en) * 2021-12-28 2022-04-12 北京航星机器制造有限公司 Vacuum high-pressure diffusion connection superplastic forming gas circuit system and control method
CN114749562A (en) * 2022-06-14 2022-07-15 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Air guide system of superplastic forming/diffusion bonding die and manufacturing method thereof
CN114749562B (en) * 2022-06-14 2022-10-25 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 Air guide system of superplastic forming/diffusion connecting die and manufacturing method thereof

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