CN101787887B - Pick having bimetal structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pick having bimetal structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101787887B CN101787887B CN2010100333853A CN201010033385A CN101787887B CN 101787887 B CN101787887 B CN 101787887B CN 2010100333853 A CN2010100333853 A CN 2010100333853A CN 201010033385 A CN201010033385 A CN 201010033385A CN 101787887 B CN101787887 B CN 101787887B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pick having a bimetal structure and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a pick and a preparation method applicable to coal mining machines and tunneling machines capable of cutting coal seams and rock strata, belonging to the technical field of the research on mining machinery metallic materials and geotechnical engineering. The pick is characterized in that the pick body consists of two metals, wherein the most wear-prone top end of a pick head of the pick is made of tailor-made alloy steel; the wear-resistant lower ends of the pick handle and pick head are made of medium carbon alloy steel; a plurality of ring-shaped grooves are formed below the top end of the pick head; an interlayer is arranged between every two adjacent ring-shaped grooves; the ring-shaped grooves are subjected to full-surfacing process by using the tailor-made alloy steel welding rods; and since the interlayer is thin, the integral wear-resistant tailor-made alloy steel can be formed at the top end of the pick head. The pick of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, novel design, high practicability, convenient fabrication, high hardness and wear resistance and good impact-resisting and corrosion-resisting performance; and according to industrial tests, compared with the homemade pick, the service life of the pick is prolonged by 20 to 30 times, thus saving a great deal of alloy steel materials for our country and reducing the mining cost.
Description
Technical field
Pick of a kind of bimetal structure of the present invention and preparation method thereof belongs to mining machinery metal material and geotechnical study technical field, and being specifically related to a kind of be applied on coal-winning machine, the development machine can the cut coal seam and the pick of rock stratum and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Coal industry production both at home and abroad, all extensive use coal-winning machine, development machine exploitation.The different size of on coal-winning machine, development machine, installing, the pick of varying number are its indispensable spare and accessory parts easy to wear.The cylindrical portion of pick is divided into the tooth handle, and conical portion is divided into the tooth head, and tooth handle and tooth head close the title denticle, and tooth crown end is welded with hard alloy head, and denticle and hard alloy head constitute a complete pick.Pick has very high requirement to the hardness of denticle, impact toughness, flexural strength, corrosion resistance etc.; But the performance requirement to tooth handle and tooth head has tangible different; The tooth handle requires to have certain intensity and toughness, and tooth crown end requires to have high strength, high rigidity, high abrasion and corrosion resistance.Existing denticle extensively adopts single steel to process; This has just sacrificed high rigidity, high abrasion and the corrosion resistance of tooth crown end; Thereby teeth crown end quick-wearing very in mining work; Expose the hard alloy head welding portion, make hard alloy head lose parcel and rely on and be thrown out of, cause pick to be scrapped.It is thus clear that the hard alloy head very important part that is pick; Have only the abrasion resistance and the impact resistance that improve tooth crown end; Could guarantee that hard alloy head can not be worn and throws away because of tooth crown end, finally give full play to its maximum efficiency, then pick can reach maximum life.
The abrasion resistance and the representational way of impact resistance of present domestic raising tooth crown end mainly contain three kinds.First kind of way is: tooth crown end is welded with hard alloy head; Tooth crown end adopts wear-resisting alloy steel; Tooth handle and tooth head remainder adopt high strength alloy steel; Wear-resisting alloy steel and high strength alloy steel after Overheating Treatment, link together through welding and seam, and then carry out lonneal respectively.Pick the time bears very big impact force in work, and weld seam is connected with seam and is difficult to guarantee enough flexural strengths, can cause separating of tooth crown end and denticle remainder; The welding stress of junction can be eliminated though lonneal is handled, the flexural strength that weld seam is connected with seam can not be improved.Second kind of way is: tooth crown end is welded with hard alloy head; The tooth head surface utilizes the powder metallurgical technique roasting that hard alloy layer is arranged, though this layer has abrasion resistance preferably, because pick is when work; Radial force is big; Can produce bigger flexural stress, tooth head and hard alloy layer strength difference cause it to come off greatly, make hard alloy head lose protection.The third way is: tooth crown end does not weld hard alloy head, but processes the pointed hard alloy head that replaces to tooth crown end, and tooth handle and tooth head use commaterial to process one, at the wearing layer of 0.5～1 millimeter of tooth head surface covering and through Overheating Treatment.Though this layer has higher hardness can resist wearing and tearing, because tooth head and wearing layer exist aspect mechanical property than big-difference, the lining is soft outer hard, and wearing layer peels off because of impact resistance is not enough; Owing to there is not hard alloy head, tooth crown end is not enough to keep long application life only according to this thin wearing layer direct cut coal seam and rock stratum in addition.
It is thus clear that the purpose of above structure all is the hardness and the abrasion resistance that improve pick tooth head part and protects hard alloy head; But key issue be this enhancing part with former denticle metal material because the tangible interface of the bigger existence of performance difference; Two kinds of different metallic materials do not have transitional region; Really do not fuse into one in the junction with the denticle metal material; Under strong impact, be easy to fracture or peel off, thereby cause hard alloy head to lose parcel and rely on and be thrown out of, final pick is scrapped.Therefore, rational pick structure of design science and preparation technology can guarantee that hard alloy head brings into play usefulness to greatest extent, have crucial meaning this application life for abundant raising pick.
Summary of the invention
Pick of a kind of bimetal structure of the present invention and preparation method thereof; Purpose is to solve the problems of the technologies described above; A kind of long service life is provided, saves alloy steel products, reduces mining costs, economical and practical being applied on coal-winning machine, the development machine, the technical scheme of pick that constitutes by two kinds of metals and preparation method thereof.
The pick of a kind of bimetal structure of the present invention is characterized in that pick is made up of denticle and hard alloy head, and denticle comprises cylin-drical tooth handle 2 and conical tooth head 4; Denticle is made up of two kinds of metals; Cylin-drical tooth handle 2 is a medium carbon alloy steel with conical tooth head 4 lower ends, and conical tooth head 4 tops are special alloy steel, are drilled with axial circular hole on conical tooth head 4 tops; Hard alloy head 9 is put into axial circular hole and is welded together through copper weld layer 17 and conical tooth head 4; Secondly 3 diameter offers cannelure from top to bottom along the taper seat of its conical tooth head 4 greater than the diameter of cylin-drical tooth handle 2 at the bottom of the conical tooth head, and the width of cannelure is 7～9 millimeters; Conical tooth head 4 tops first cannelure D8 degree of depth downwards are 5.5～6.0 millimeters; All the other cannelure degree of depth are deepened to 8～9 millimeters with conical increase of tooth head, between adjacent two cannelures 1.5～2.0 millimeters interlayer are arranged, and that 3 distances are minimum at the bottom of the conical tooth head of distance is cannelure A5; Its distance is not more than 1/2nd of conical tooth head 4 length, is 8～12 millimeters apart from the distance of hard alloy head 9 bottom surfaces.
The pick of above-mentioned a kind of bimetal structure is characterized in that described special alloy steel tightly surrounds the welding portion of hard alloy head 9, and the scope of special alloy steel is greater than the welding portion of hard alloy head 9, and extends 8～12 millimeters to hard alloy head 9 bottom surfaces.
The pick of above-mentioned a kind of bimetal structure is characterized in that described special alloy steel is air quenching steel HRC55～60, and its chemical analysis percentage by weight is C:0.46～0.58; Cr:4.0～6.0, W:6.0～11.0, Mo:2.3～3.0; V:0.6～1.3, Si:0.18～0.20, Mn:0.17～0.19; Ni:0.50～0.60, S:0.030～0.035, P:0.028～0.030.
The preparation method of the pick of above-mentioned a kind of bimetal structure is characterized in that: the concrete steps of this method are:
I, press deposited metal chemical analysis percentage by weight C:0.46～0.58, Cr:4.0～6.0, W:6.0～11.0; Mo:2.3～3.0, V:0.6～1.3, Si:0.18～0.20; Mn:0.17～0.19; Ni:0.50～0.60, S:0.030～0 made special alloy steel welding rod, 240～260 ℃ of oven dry 2.0～2.5 hours;
It is the denticle that cylin-drical tooth handle 2 and conical tooth head 4 constitute that II, employing medium carbon alloy steel are machined to structure;
Some cannelures are driven on conical tooth head 4 tops of III, the denticle that obtains at above-mentioned II downwards; Be generally 3～5 cannelures; The clear span of cannelure is 7～9 millimeters; Interlayer between the two adjacent annular grooves is 1.5～2.0 millimeters, and conical tooth head 4 tops first cannelure degree of depth downwards are 5.5～6.0 millimeters, and all the other annular groove depths are deepened to 8～9 millimeters with conical increase of tooth head; The scope of offering cannelure is greater than 8～12 millimeters of the bottom surfaces of hard alloy head 9, conical tooth head 4 tops downwards last cannelure A 5 distance of 3 at the bottom of the conical tooth head be not more than conical tooth head 4 long 1/2nd;
IV, in the preheating 1.0～1.5 hours in 350～400 ℃ of temperature of denticle that above-mentioned III obtains; Use the full cannelure of the special alloy steel welding rod of above-mentioned I built-up welding then; Because interlayer is very thin; Tooth crown end forms complete above-mentioned special alloy steel, and special alloy steel and medium carbon alloy steel have constituted the denticle of bimetal structure jointly;
The denticle of V, bimetal structure that above-mentioned IV is obtained was with 140～160 ℃ of destressing tempering 2.0～2.5 hours;
The denticle of VI, the bimetal structure that above-mentioned V obtained according to conventional method grinds fine finishining;
An axial circular hole is bored on conical tooth head 4 tops of the denticle of VII, the bimetal structure that obtains at above-mentioned VI; Brazing sheet and solder flux are put into circular hole; Place conical tooth head 4 tops and hard alloy head 9 then and be heated to 950～1050 ℃ in the superaudio induction coil, hard alloy head 9 promptly welds together through copper weld layer 17 and conical tooth head 4.
Pick of a kind of bimetal structure of the present invention and preparation method thereof, its advantage is:
1. the present invention is novel in design; Utilize the built-up welding of special alloy steel welding rod to form special alloy steel through offering cannelure, the high temperature that produces during owing to built-up welding has formed the Mixed Zone changeover portion of two kinds of steel at the binding site of special alloy steel and medium carbon alloy steel, although be that two kinds of different alloy steels of hardness do not have tangible interface; The chemical analysis of changeover portion does not have the bimetallic that kind obvious; But between two kinds of steel, performance also between two kinds of steel, has good hardness and toughness; An integral body organically permeates; Satisfy the bond strength of special alloy steel and medium carbon alloy steel, after the destressing temper, greatly improved the abrasion resistance and the impact resistance of tooth crown end.
2. the present invention is rational in infrastructure; The scope of special alloy steel is greater than the welding portion of hard alloy head; The axial circular hole and the special alloy steel of welding hard alloy head join; Special alloy steel welds together through copper weld layer and hard alloy head securely, and special alloy steel is from axially still radially all closely wrapping up hard alloy head, so just guarantees that through the abrasion resistance that improves the tooth crown end hard alloy head gives full play to task performance; Can hard alloy head be thrown out of, greatly improve the application life of pick because of the too early wearing and tearing of tooth crown end.
3. the present invention is practical, and special alloy steel is because its particular chemical composition makes it have the ability of dielectric corrosions such as antiacid preferably, alkali, salt.
4. commerical test proves; The bimetal structure pick has good intensity, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance, is applicable to the driving and the exploitation of various coal seams and medium ground, and improved 20～30 times than homemade pick application life; Approaching with the import pick, can practice thrift a large amount of alloy steel products for country.
5. owing to the prolongation in application life, reduced the time of maintenance and replacing number of times greatly, thereby improved 15～20 times coal mining efficient.
The raising of the efficient of 6. mining has reduced working strength of workers and labour hour, has reduced mining costs.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the outline drawing of pick of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a pick sectional view of the present invention
Among the above-mentioned figure:
1---at the bottom of the conical tooth head of elastic collar 2---cylin-drical tooth handle 3---
4---conical tooth head 5---cannelure A 6---cannelure B
7---cannelure C 8---cannelure D 9---hard alloy heads
10---interlayer i 11---interlayer ii 12---interlayer iii
13---the special alloy steel III of special alloy steel I 14---special alloy steel II 15---
16---special alloy steel IV 17---copper weld layer
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of embodiment and this pick of accompanying drawing detailed description thereof, but the specific embodiment of this pick is not limited to following embodiment.What Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 described is the bimetal structure pick, realizes through following concrete steps:
Embodiment one:
I, press deposited metal chemical analysis percentage by weight C:0.46, Cr:4.0, W:6.0, Mo:2.3, V:0.6, Si:0.18, Mn:0.17, Ni:0.50, S:0.030, P:0.028 made special alloy steel welding rod, 240 ℃ of oven dry 2.5 hours;
It is the denticle that cylin-drical tooth handle 2 and conical tooth head 4 constitute that II, employing medium carbon alloy steel are machined to structure;
3 cannelures are driven on conical tooth head 4 tops of III, the denticle that obtains at above-mentioned II downwards; The clear span of cannelure is 7 millimeters; Interlayer between the two adjacent annular grooves is 1.5 millimeters; Conical tooth head 4 tops first cannelure degree of depth downwards are 5.5 millimeters; All the other annular groove depths are deepened to 8 millimeters with conical increase of tooth head, and the scope of offering cannelure is greater than 8 millimeters of the bottom surfaces of hard alloy head 9, conical tooth head 4 tops downwards last cannelure A 5 distance of 3 at the bottom of the conical tooth head be not more than conical tooth head 4 long 1/2nd;
IV, denticle that above-mentioned III is obtained preheating 1.5 hours in 350 ℃ of temperature; Use the full cannelure of the special alloy steel welding rod of above-mentioned I built-up welding then; Because interlayer is very thin; Tooth crown end forms complete above-mentioned special alloy steel, and special alloy steel and medium carbon alloy steel have constituted the denticle of bimetal structure pick jointly;
V, bimetal structure denticle that above-mentioned IV is obtained were with 140 ℃ of destressing tempering 2.5 hours;
VI, the bimetal structure denticle that above-mentioned V obtains is ground fine finishining according to conventional method;
An axial circular hole is bored on conical tooth head 4 tops of VII, the bimetal structure denticle that obtains at above-mentioned VI; Brazing sheet and solder flux are put into circular hole; Place conical tooth head 4 tops and hard alloy head 9 then and be heated to 950 ℃ in the superaudio induction coil, hard alloy head 9 promptly welds together through copper weld layer 17 and conical tooth head 4.
Embodiment two:
I, press deposited metal chemical analysis percentage by weight C:0.52, Cr:5.0, W:8.5, Mo:2.65, V:0.95, Si:0.19, Mn:0.18, Ni:0.55, S:0.0325, P:0.029 made special alloy steel welding rod, 250 ℃ of oven dry 2.25 hours;
II adopts medium carbon alloy steel to be machined to the denticle that structure is cylin-drical tooth handle 2 and conical tooth head 4 formations;
4 cannelures are driven on conical tooth head 4 tops of III, the denticle that obtains at above-mentioned II downwards; The clear span of cannelure is 8 millimeters; Interlayer between the two adjacent annular grooves is 1.75 millimeters; Conical tooth head 4 tops first cannelure degree of depth downwards are 5.75 millimeters; All the other annular groove depths are deepened to 8.5 millimeters with conical increase of tooth head, and the scope of offering cannelure is greater than 10 millimeters of the bottom surfaces of hard alloy head 9, conical tooth head 4 tops downwards last cannelure A 5 distance of 3 at the bottom of the conical tooth head be not more than conical tooth head 4 long 1/2nd;
IV, denticle that above-mentioned III is obtained preheating 1.25 hours in 375 ℃ of temperature; Use the full cannelure of the special alloy steel welding rod of above-mentioned I built-up welding then; Because interlayer is very thin; Tooth crown end forms complete above-mentioned special alloy steel, and special alloy steel and medium carbon alloy steel have constituted the denticle of bimetal structure pick jointly;
V, bimetal structure denticle that above-mentioned IV is obtained were with 150 ℃ of destressing tempering 2.25 hours;
VI, the bimetal structure denticle that above-mentioned V obtains is ground fine finishining according to conventional method;
An axial circular hole is bored on conical tooth head 4 tops of VII, the bimetal structure denticle that obtains at above-mentioned VI; Brazing sheet and solder flux are put into circular hole; Place conical tooth head 4 tops and hard alloy head 9 then and be heated to 1000 ℃ in the superaudio induction coil, hard alloy head 9 promptly welds together through copper weld layer 17 and conical tooth head 4.
Embodiment three:
I, press deposited metal chemical analysis percentage by weight C:0.58, Cr:6.0, W:11.0, Mo:3.0, V:1.3, Si:0.20, Mn:0.19, Ni:0.60, S:0.035, P:0.030 made special alloy steel welding rod, 260 ℃ of oven dry 2.0 hours;
It is the denticle that cylin-drical tooth handle 2 and conical tooth head 4 constitute that II, employing medium carbon alloy steel are machined to structure;
5 cannelures are driven on conical tooth head 4 tops of III, the denticle that obtains at above-mentioned II downwards; The clear span of cannelure is 9 millimeters; Interlayer between the two adjacent annular grooves is 2.0 millimeters; Conical tooth head 4 tops first cannelure degree of depth downwards are 6.0 millimeters; All the other annular groove depths are deepened to 9 millimeters with conical increase of tooth head, and the scope of offering cannelure is greater than 12 millimeters of the bottom surfaces of hard alloy head 9, conical tooth head 4 tops downwards last cannelure A 5 distance of 3 at the bottom of the conical tooth head be not more than conical tooth head 4 long 1/2nd;
IV, denticle that above-mentioned III is obtained preheating 1.0 hours in 400 ℃ of temperature; Use the full cannelure of the special alloy steel welding rod of above-mentioned I built-up welding then; Because interlayer is very thin; Tooth crown end forms complete above-mentioned special alloy steel, and special alloy steel and medium carbon alloy steel have constituted the denticle of bimetal structure pick jointly;
V, bimetal structure denticle that above-mentioned IV is obtained were with 160 ℃ of destressing tempering 2.0 hours;
VI, the bimetal structure denticle that above-mentioned V obtains is ground fine finishining according to conventional method;
An axial circular hole is bored on conical tooth head 4 tops of VII, the bimetal structure denticle that obtains at above-mentioned VI; Brazing sheet and solder flux are put into circular hole; Place conical tooth head 4 tops and hard alloy head 9 then and be heated to 1050 ℃ in the superaudio induction coil, hard alloy head 9 promptly welds together through copper weld layer 17 and conical tooth head 4.
The diameter of above embodiment tooth handle 2 is 35 millimeters, and the length of tooth handle 2 is 94 millimeters, and 3 diameter is 55 millimeters at the bottom of the tooth head, and 31 millimeters of the top end diameter of tooth head 4, the length of tooth head 4 are 90 millimeters, and the diameter of hard alloy head 9 is 18 millimeters.
Claims (3)
1. the pick of a bimetal structure is characterized in that pick is made up of denticle and hard alloy head, and denticle comprises cylin-drical tooth handle (2) and conical tooth head (4); Denticle is made up of two kinds of metals; Cylin-drical tooth handle (2) and conical tooth head (4) lower end are medium carbon alloy steel, and conical tooth head (4) top is special alloy steel, are drilled with axial circular hole on conical tooth head (4) top; Hard alloy head (9) is put into axial circular hole and is welded together through copper weld layer (17) and conical tooth head (4); The diameter of (3) is secondly offered cannelure from top to bottom along the taper seat of its conical tooth head (4) greater than the diameter of cylin-drical tooth handle (2) at the bottom of the conical tooth head, and the width of cannelure is 7～9 millimeters; Conical tooth head (4) top first cannelure D (8) degree of depth downwards is 5.5～6.0 millimeters; All the other cannelure degree of depth are deepened to 8～9 millimeters with conical increase of tooth head, between adjacent two cannelures 1.5～2.0 millimeters interlayer are arranged, and what (3) distance was minimum at the bottom of the conical tooth head of distance is cannelure A (5); Its distance is not more than 1/2nd of conical tooth head (4) length, is 8～12 millimeters apart from the distance of hard alloy head (9) bottom surface; Described special alloy steel is air quenching steel HRC55～60, and its chemical analysis percentage by weight is C:0.46～0.58; Cr:4.0～6.0, W:6.0～11.0, Mo:2.3～3.0; V:0.6～1.3, Si:0.18～0.20, Mn:0.17～0.19; Ni:0.50～0.60, S:0.030～0.035, P:0.028～0.030.
2. according to the pick of the described a kind of bimetal structure of claim 1; It is characterized in that described special alloy steel tightly surrounds the welding portion of hard alloy head (9); The scope of special alloy steel is greater than the welding portion of hard alloy head (9), and extends 8～12 millimeters to hard alloy head (9) bottom surface.
3. the preparation method of the pick of the described a kind of bimetal structure of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of this method are:
I, press deposited metal chemical analysis percentage by weight C:0.46～0.58, Cr:4.0～6.0, W:6.0～11.0; Mo:2.3～3.0, V:0.6～1.3, Si:0.18～0.20; Mn:0.17～0.19, Ni:0.50～0.60, S:0.030～0.035; P:0.028～0.030 made special alloy steel welding rod, 240～260 ℃ of oven dry 2.0～2.5 hours;
It is the denticle that cylin-drical tooth handle (2) and conical tooth head (4) constitute that II, employing medium carbon alloy steel are machined to structure;
Some cannelures are driven on conical tooth head (4) top of III, the denticle that obtains at above-mentioned II downwards; The clear span of cannelure is 7～9 millimeters; Interlayer between the two adjacent annular grooves is 1.5～2.0 millimeters; Conical tooth head (4) top first cannelure D (8) degree of depth downwards is 5.5～6.0 millimeters; All the other annular groove depths are deepened to 8～9 millimeters with conical increase of tooth head, and the scope of offering cannelure is greater than 8～12 millimeters of the bottom surfaces of hard alloy head (9), conical tooth head (4) top downwards last cannelure A (5) distance of (3) at the bottom of the conical tooth head be not more than conical tooth head (4) long 1/2nd;
IV, denticle that above-mentioned III is obtained preheating 1.0～1.5 hours in 350～400 ℃ of temperature; Use the full cannelure of the special alloy steel welding rod of above-mentioned I built-up welding then; Because interlayer is very thin; Conical tooth head (4) top forms complete above-mentioned special alloy steel, and special alloy steel and medium carbon alloy steel have constituted the denticle of bimetal structure jointly;
The denticle of V, bimetal structure that above-mentioned IV is obtained was with 140～160 ℃ of destressing tempering 2.0～2.5 hours;
The denticle of VI, the bimetal structure that above-mentioned V obtained according to conventional method grinds fine finishining;
An axial circular hole is bored on conical tooth head (4) top of the denticle of VII, the bimetal structure that obtains at above-mentioned VI; Brazing sheet and solder flux are put into circular hole; Place conical tooth head (4) top and hard alloy head (9) then and be heated to 950～1050 ℃ in the superaudio induction coil, hard alloy head (9) promptly welds together through copper weld layer (17) and conical tooth head (4).
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| CN2010100333853A CN101787887B (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2010-01-12 | Pick having bimetal structure and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103667982A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-03-26 | 张超 | Corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant and high-temperature-resistant alloy steel material for pump valve and preparation method thereof |
| CN103921006A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-07-16 | 安庆市灵宝机械有限责任公司 | Heat treatment process for cutting teeth of surfacing coating of coal cutter |
| CN104353974B (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-06-29 | 北京中纬研科新材料有限公司 | A kind of processing method of peel high-wear-resistance cutting pick |
| CN106801604B (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2019-06-25 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of split type pick-like bit |
| CN113586050B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2023-08-22 | 太原理工大学 | High-wear-resistance cutting pick containing diamond and preparation method thereof |
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