CN101786326A - 挤出注射成型一体机 - Google Patents

挤出注射成型一体机 Download PDF

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CN101786326A
CN101786326A CN201010128515A CN201010128515A CN101786326A CN 101786326 A CN101786326 A CN 101786326A CN 201010128515 A CN201010128515 A CN 201010128515A CN 201010128515 A CN201010128515 A CN 201010128515A CN 101786326 A CN101786326 A CN 101786326A
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screw rod
plasticizing system
external screw
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hollow
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王克俭
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/445—Coaxially arranged screws, i.e. one within the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/51—Screws with internal flow passages, e.g. for molten material
    • B29C48/515—Screws with internal flow passages, e.g. for molten material for auxiliary fluids, e.g. foaming agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/53—Screws having a varying channel depth, e.g. varying the diameter of the longitudinal screw trunk
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders
    • B29C48/832—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/84—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders by heating or cooling the feeding screws
    • B29C48/845—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/84—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders by heating or cooling the feeding screws
    • B29C48/85—Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
    • B29C48/2526—Direct drives or gear boxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/297—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder at several locations, e.g. using several hoppers or using a separate additive feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/52—Screws with an outer diameter varying along the longitudinal axis, e.g. for obtaining different thread clearance
    • B29C48/525—Conical screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68—Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/685—Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
    • B29C48/687—Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having projections with a short length in the barrel direction, e.g. pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/80—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the plasticising zone, e.g. by heating cylinders
    • B29C48/83—Heating or cooling the cylinders

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明挤出注射成型一体机，主要由加料装置、内螺杆、外螺杆、机筒、机头、液压马达、传动装置、模具等组成。机筒内装有中空外螺杆，有两个加料装置，分别为内外两个螺杆供料。中空外螺杆内部装有内螺杆。内外螺杆构成两个塑化系统，可以外塑化系统为挤出供料，内塑化系统为注射供料；也可以外塑化系统为注射供料，内塑化系统为挤出供料。本发明适用于有嵌件制品的连续成型，简化了工艺流程，节约了成型时间，减少了占地面积，而且成型出的制品熔接痕不明显。

Description

挤出注射成型一体机
技术领域
本发明挤出注射成型一体机，可用于含嵌件制品的成型，该设备集及挤出注射于一体，挤出用于成型连续部分，注射用于成型嵌件部分。
背景技术
往复螺杆式注射机，工作原理是物料的加热塑化均在加热机筒内进行，依靠机筒内螺杆的旋转将物料进一步塑化并输送至螺杆端部。达到一定量时，由螺杆快速前移将贮存在前端的粘流态物料注射入模具中。由于其具有成型物料塑化均匀、物料在设备中滞留很少、可注射热稳定性差的物料、更换物料及颜色较为方便，且结构又较预塑化式简单等特点，得到了广泛的应用。
专利200510105781.1提出了一种复合共挤螺杆挤出机。机筒内装有嵌套的内、外螺杆，内、外螺杆的螺旋方向相反，且内、外螺杆作反向的相对旋转运动。机筒上开有第一和第二加料口，第一加料口与外螺杆加料段对应，外螺杆加料段前开有环形槽，环形槽与机筒的第二加料口对应，环形槽的外环面与机筒内表面构成封闭环形储料室，环形储料室底开有使第二种物料进入内螺杆的进料孔，嵌套后螺杆连接同一挤出机头。采用一台设备可同时挤出两种物料，避免或减少了熔融物料重新分配，从而提高了复合挤出效率，提高了复合制品质量。
如果把专利200510105781.1中的复合共挤技术用含有嵌件的连续制品的成型上，内外两个塑化系统一个用于注射成型，一个用于挤出成型。注射成型嵌件部分，挤出用于成型制品的连续部分。将使挤出与注射成型在同一台设备上，这正是本发明的创新之处。
发明内容
本发明挤出注射成型一体机，主要由加料装置、内螺杆、外螺杆、机筒、机头、液压马达、传动装置、模具等组成。机筒上有两个加料装置，分别为内外两个螺杆供料。机筒内装有中空外螺杆。在为内塑化系统供料的加料装置对应的外螺杆末端圆周上，开有贯通槽，以便物料顺利进入内塑化系统。外螺杆螺杆头处开有内塑化系统的出料口。中空外螺杆内部装有内螺杆，内螺杆的螺旋方向与外螺杆相反，内螺杆内部装有加热棒也可通导热油。内外两个塑化系统一个为挤出供料，一个为注射供料。挤出用于成型制品的连续部分，注射用于成型嵌件部分。
当外塑化系统为挤出供料时：外螺杆只作旋转运动，内螺杆既作旋转运动又作轴向移动。在内螺杆头部安装有止逆环，防止注射物料时，物料倒流。此时，外螺杆可以是普通平行螺杆也可以是锥形螺杆，还可以是与销钉机筒配合使用的螺杆。
当内塑化系统为挤出供料时：内外螺杆都作旋转运动，且在传动装置带动下，内螺杆同外螺杆同步前后移动。在外螺杆头部安装有止逆环，防止注射物料时物料倒流。此时，内螺杆可以是普通平行螺杆，也可以是锥形螺杆。
本发明的效果：本发明用于生产有嵌件的连续制品，内外两个塑化系统一个用于挤出成型制品的连续部分，另外一个用于注射来成型嵌件部分。整个制品的成型在同一台设备上，简化了工艺流程，缩短了成型周期，减少了占地面积，同时符合节能减排的要求。
具体实施方案
1.外塑化系统挤出，内塑化系统注射
本案例挤出注射成型一体机主要包括：液压马达(1)，传动装置1(2)，传动装置2(3)，机筒(12)，加料口1(4)，加料口2(5)，外螺杆(6)，内螺杆(7)，止逆环(8)，加热装置(11)，机头(9)，模具(10)等组成。
工作原理(见图1)：由加料口1(4)加入物料1，由加料口2(5)加入物料2，物料1通过外螺杆(6)上的贯通槽进入内塑化系统，物料2直接纳入内塑化系统。外螺杆在传动装置(3)带动下旋转塑化物料，并将物料通过机头(9)挤出成型。内螺杆(7)在液压马达(1)带动下旋转塑化物料，同时在背压作用下内螺杆后退，直到达到规定的塑化量(同时挤出成型完成)。然后，外螺杆停止旋转，内螺杆在传动装置(3)带动下向前快速移动，将物料注入模具中。完成一个成型周期。重复此成型过程，可连续生产制品。
本案例中的外螺杆(6)可以采用锥形螺杆(如图3)，也可采用普通平行螺杆，还可以采用与销钉机筒配合使用的螺杆(如图2)在外螺杆螺杆头前端开有内塑化系统的出料口。内螺杆前端有止逆环(8)，防止注射物料时，物料倒流。内螺杆内部可以安装加热棒(11)也可以通导热油。
2.外塑化系统注射，内塑化系统挤出
本案例与案例1的区别是，外塑化系统用于注射，内塑化系统用于挤出。在设备的结构上，传动装置有较大变化，而且在案例1中内螺杆上的止逆环(8)去除，把止逆环安装在外螺杆上如图4中的零件13。而且机头也要做相应改变。
工作原理同案例1类似：由内塑化系统的加料装置加入物料1，有液压马达驱动旋转塑化物料，当制品生产到一定长度，挤出暂停，内螺杆停止旋转。由外塑化系统的加料装置加入物料2，外螺杆旋转塑化物料，在背压作用下，外螺杆与内螺杆同步向后移动。当达到规定的塑化量时，外螺杆停止旋转，在传动装置带动下，外螺杆与内螺杆同步向前快速移动，将物料注射到模腔中。由此完成了一个成型周期。
内螺杆的加热装置同案例1相同，此案例内螺杆可以采用锥形螺杆(如图4)
本发明中的模具为特殊模具，不同于挤出机的机头也不同于注射机的成型模具。该模具能够同时满足挤出和注射的要求，需要单独设计制造。
本发明中的内螺杆旋转方向与外螺杆相反。
附图说明
图1为挤出注射成型一体机的结构示意图(实施案例1)
图2为机筒柱塞上加销钉，并采用与之相配合的螺杆的示意图
图3为外螺杆采用锥形螺杆的示意图
图4实施案例2中内螺杆采用锥形螺杆的局部示意图
图5为外螺杆上开有贯通槽处的断面图

Claims (4)

1.本发明挤出注射成型一体机，主要由加料装置、内螺杆、外螺杆、机筒、机头、液压马达、传动装置、模具等组成，其特征在于：机筒上有两个加料装置，机筒内有中空外螺杆，中空外螺杆内部装有内螺杆，内外螺杆嵌套组合，共用同一机头，内外两个塑化系统一个为挤出供料，另一个为注射供料。
2.如权利要求内外两个塑化系统一个为挤出供料，另一个为注射供料，其特征在于：可以是内塑化系统用作注射，外塑化系统用作挤出，还可以内塑化系统用作挤出，外塑化系统用作注射。
3.如权利要求1所述，机筒内有中空外螺杆，其特征在于：外螺杆为中空的，在与内螺杆加料装置对应处沿圆周开有贯通槽，以便物料顺利进入内塑化系统，外螺杆螺杆头前端有内塑化系统的出料口。
4.如权利要求1所述，中空外螺杆内部装有内螺杆，其特征在于：内螺杆的螺旋方向与外螺杆相反，内螺杆也是中空的，内部可以安装加热棒也可通导热油。
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103921425A (zh) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-16 刘道根 塑料挤出机
CN105313302A (zh) * 2015-10-27 2016-02-10 顺德职业技术学院 锥形空心单螺杆复合共挤出机
CN106976218A (zh) * 2017-04-18 2017-07-25 华南理工大学 一种无熔接痕的小口径管材挤出成型方法及装置
WO2018037164A1 (en) * 2016-08-26 2018-03-01 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Single-screw extruder with hollow rotor member
CN110983550A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-04-10 福清市洪裕塑胶有限公司 一种回收塑料制成编织袋的方法

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CN1939699A (zh) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-04 北京化工大学 一种复合共挤螺杆挤出机
CN201922563U (zh) * 2010-03-22 2011-08-10 北京化工大学 挤出注射成型一体机

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CN1939699A (zh) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-04 北京化工大学 一种复合共挤螺杆挤出机
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103921425A (zh) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-16 刘道根 塑料挤出机
CN103921425B (zh) * 2014-04-22 2016-01-06 刘道根 塑料挤出机
CN105313302A (zh) * 2015-10-27 2016-02-10 顺德职业技术学院 锥形空心单螺杆复合共挤出机
WO2018037164A1 (en) * 2016-08-26 2018-03-01 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Single-screw extruder with hollow rotor member
CN109982822A (zh) * 2016-08-26 2019-07-05 芬兰国家技术研究中心股份公司 带有空心转子构件的单螺杆挤出机
US11548198B2 (en) 2016-08-26 2023-01-10 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Single-screw extruder with hollow rotor member
CN106976218A (zh) * 2017-04-18 2017-07-25 华南理工大学 一种无熔接痕的小口径管材挤出成型方法及装置
CN110983550A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-04-10 福清市洪裕塑胶有限公司 一种回收塑料制成编织袋的方法
CN110983550B (zh) * 2019-12-09 2021-06-08 福清市洪裕塑胶有限公司 一种回收塑料制成编织袋的方法

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