CN101783025A - Preserved context environmental system drawing method based on isosurface - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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Abstract
The invention provides a preserved context environmental system drawing method based on isosurface, comprising the following steps: (a) storing three-dimensional data as three-dimensional texture data for the gray value index of the three-dimensional data; (b) sampling the three-dimensional data on each ray which enters the three-dimensional data, extracting isosurface coordinate data according to the gray value of a sampling point, and extracting the isosurface coordinate data on the ray; and (c) if the isosurface coordinate data is successfully extracted, continuing sampling subsequent three-dimensional data along the ray direction, and using the isosurface coordinate data and the current sampling point data to carry out image synthesis, or returning to step (b) to continue sampling the three-dimensional data. The method can realize the purpose of clearly displaying a special region of interest and reserving the periphery tissue structure information to obtain the effect similar to sectioning.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of image processing, relate in particular to a kind of reservation context environmental object plotting method based on contour surface.
Background technology
Medical imaging equipment all can produce a large amount of medical datas every day, and these data all are two dimensional images usually, and the doctor is by two-dimensional images, and the three-dimensional relationship that relies on oneself experience to make up focus and surrounding tissue is very difficult.Volume drawing (Volume Rendering) method for visualizing is a three-dimensional body with the two-dimensional sequence image reconstruction directly, and the doctor can directly observe and analyze focus from real three dimensions, so Volume Rendering Techniques has obtained using widely at medical domain.
Object plotting method often needs to handle lot of data, and personal computer adopts CPU to calculate, and can't reach the requirement of real-time, so a lot of researchs afterwards all focus on the speed that how to improve object plotting method.Along with the development of the development of computer hardware, particularly video card, make the requirement of on personal computer, satisfying real-time become possibility.J. the article " based on the volume drawing speed technology (Acceleration Technique For GPU-based Volume Rendering) of GPU " in the visual meeting of Seattle IEEE, delivered in 2003 of Ke Lvge and R. Westman, proposed first to utilize GPU to realize light projecting algorithm, improved the speed of calculating.Studies show that afterwards adopts graphic process unit GPU to realize that light projecting algorithm can reach the requirement of real-time fully on personal computer.
High-quality imaging results of light projecting algorithm and GPU go up the real-time of calculating makes this algorithm that application widely arranged in clinical, but also new requirement has been proposed this algorithm simultaneously, particularly aspect Computer Aided Surgery, how can under the prerequisite that keeps structures surrounding, show that area-of-interest becomes the difficult problem of research.The technology of dissecing can be removed organizing fully of non-area-of-interest, directly show tissue of interest, but because the technology of dissecing is not have the removal of selecting to block tissue, can cause the disappearance of organizing context environmental, a part of tissue of interest also may be removed simultaneously.The article that Si Tefan Bruckner people such as (Stefan Bruckner) delivered in European graphics meeting in 2005 " keeps context environmental volume drawing (Illustrative Context-Preserving VolumeRendering) ", can be under the prerequisite of volume data not being dissectd, employing reaches the virtual effect of dissecing to the correction of opacity function, but in this model, when non-area-of-interest is had an X-rayed, area-of-interest also has been attenuated, the tissue that is surrounded by bone particularly, as header data, skull is in order to observe the vascular tissue in the skull by virtual dissecing, but the blood vessel of skull inside can thicken unclearly when increase showing see-through area, and less see-through area is not easy to the observation to focus.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide in a kind of medical image reservation context environmental object plotting method based on contour surface, in the clear demonstration of area-of-interest, keep and this area-of-interest dependency structure information, with overcome dissect the complex interaction that brings and structural information lose and existing method in the blooming of target area.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following technical measures: a kind of reservation context environmental object plotting method based on contour surface is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(a), three-dimensional data is stored as the gray-scale value index that the three-D grain data are used for three-dimensional data;
(b), the three-dimensional data on every the light that enters three-dimensional data is sampled, extract the contour surface coordinate data according to the gray-scale value of sampled point, and extract the contour surface coordinate data on the described light;
(c) if the contour surface coordinate data extract successfully, then continue follow-up three-dimensional data is sampled along described radiation direction, and utilize described contour surface coordinate data and current sampling point data to carry out image and synthesize, otherwise get back to the sampling that step (b) is proceeded three-dimensional data.
At first three-dimensional data is carried out the denoising pre-service when in the described step (a) three-dimensional data being stored as the three-D grain data.
The pretreated process of described denoising to three-dimensional data is: three-dimensional anisotropic diffusion filtering is handled.The clinical volume data that obtains has certain noise, to volume data carry out three-dimensional anisotropic diffusion filtering handle can be when keeping organizational boundary's information the filtering random noise, improve the contour surface of back and the precision of gradient calculation.The synthetic core algorithm of image carries out on video card, with the form of texture data storage is met the characteristic of GPU in video memory, thereby can accelerate in the computation process visit to data.
The process of the contour surface coordinate data on the described light of extraction of described step (b) is: the gray-scale value and the threshold parameter of described sampled point are compared, if the gray-scale value of sample point is greater than this threshold value, think that then this sampled point is the contour surface sampled point, and the locus coordinate data of three-dimensional data of noting this sampled point correspondence continues to judge otherwise increase a sampled point along radiation direction as the contour surface coordinate data on the described light.
Described threshold parameter is regulated as required by the user, and span is 0～1.
The synthetic process of the image of described step (c) is: structure opacity attenuation function, use the opacity attenuation function to calculate the opacity pad value of current sampling point data, and use transport function to obtain the opacity value of current sampling point, the opacity pad value and the opacity value of described current sampling point are multiplied each other, form the new opacity value of this sampled point, adopt the discrete approximation integration to begin backward the optical characteristics of sampled point to be synthesized along radiation direction, form the opacity value of described light imaging point on imaging plane by the contour surface sampled point.
Described opacity attenuation function adopts exponential function to construct.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the inventive method has overcome and has dissectd the complex interaction that brings and the blooming of losing and keeping target area in the context environmental object plotting method of structural information, from the data itself that obtain, extract information associated with the data, as gradient and the outermost contour surface of data, utilize these information structuring opacity attenuation functions, and then influence the composite formula of image, reach clear demonstration particular region of interest and keep its structures surrounding information simultaneously;
(2) the present invention has simplified interactive mode, the user can be under to the uncomprehending situation of volume data structure, regulate by simple parameters, reach clear demonstration object observing internal information, the purpose of its structures surrounding information of reservation of while maximum possible, make the user can obtain the integral body and the local structural information of object observing structure fast, reduce the time that the user needs on regulating, improved efficient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the imaging synoptic diagram that the present invention is based on the reservation context environmental object plotting method of contour surface;
Fig. 2 applies to image after the Cranial Computed Tomography data for the inventive method.
Embodiment
Below be the detailed process that adopts the reservation context environmental object plotting method the present invention is based on contour surface that the CT data of one cover head are carried out imaging:
The Data Source that experiment is adopted is the OsiriX website; GPU is Quadro FX 1700 video cards.
Step 1, read in the CT image, the size of image is 512 * 512 * 330, adopt three-dimensional anisotropy filtering that the volume data of input is carried out pre-service, pre-service is carried out on GPU, noise extracts contour surface and the influence of gradient calculation to reduce, and afterwards volume data is stored as three-D grain to be used for the gray-scale value index of three-dimensional data.
Step 2, as shown in Figure 1, locus when obtaining light and enter three-dimensional data 1 and pass three-dimensional data by the front surface of color cube and rear surface, the locus that the locus of rear surface deducts front surface obtains the direction that light 3 advances in three-dimensional data 1, sample along the direction of light from the starting point of front surface, and the gray-scale value threshold value of the gray-scale value in the corresponding data texturing in sampled point 1 place with default skin histology compared, after volume data is stored as texture, its gray-scale value is mapped in 0 to 1 the scope, so the gray-scale value threshold value of Yu She skin histology 2 is 0.01 here; If the gray-scale value of sample point, does not carry out the synthetic of image less than 0.01, step-length adds 1, continues to sample along the light working direction; If the gray-scale value of sample point, thinks then that the position of this sampled point 6 is exactly the crossing position of contour surface at this light and skin histology place greater than 0.01, the locus of then noting this sampled point is as the contour surface coordinate data.Certainly, the gray-scale value threshold value also can be got the gray-scale value of other contour surfaces, thereby finally forms other imaging effects.
Step 3, if the contour surface coordinate data is extracted successfully, then continue follow-up three-dimensional data is sampled, and utilize described contour surface coordinate data and current sampling point data to carry out image and synthesize, otherwise get back to the sampling that step (b) is proceeded three-dimensional data along described radiation direction.Concrete building-up process is: structure opacity attenuation function, use the opacity attenuation function to calculate the opacity pad value of current sampling point data, and use transport function to obtain the opacity value of current sampling point, the opacity pad value and the opacity value of described current sampling point are multiplied each other, form the new opacity value of this sampled point, adopt the discrete approximation integration to begin backward the optical characteristics of sampled point to be synthesized along radiation direction, form the opacity value of described light imaging point 5 on imaging plane 4 by the contour surface sampled point.
Opacity attenuation function wherein adopts exponential function to construct, and can adopt the process of following structure particularly: from the next sampled point of contour surface sampled point, obtain the locus coordinate data P of current sampling point
i, ask this to select the space length P of equivalent millet cake
i-Y
TAnd be normalized to
At last with
Be the end, structure opacity attenuation function.
As an illustrated embodiments, the present invention adopts the concrete form of following opacity attenuation function:
P wherein
iThe locus of expression current sampling point,
Be sampled point P
iThe gradient at place,
Be the mould of gradient after the normalization, Y
TExpression contour surface coordinate data, ‖ P
i-Y
T‖
[0..1]The normalization distance of expression sampled point and contour surface, k is for regulating parameter, and the user can regulate it and obtain different effects, and the initial value of k is 0.025, α
I-1For sight line enters the opacity value of accumulating before the current sampling point, if leave first sampled point behind the contour surface, the so current opacity value α that adds up
0=0,, ask (0.025/ ‖ P for first sampled point
i-Y
T‖
[0..1]1)
3.0Value, be made as Tem.3.0 be the parameter that is obtained by statistical experiment, this parameter focuses on regulates the influence of contour surface to final image, is used in the data at any position, does not need to revise or regulate.Use above principle, can construct the opacity attenuation function of other concrete forms equally.
Gradient information has wherein been represented the design feature of volume data itself, and the big place of gradient is the position at organizational boundary place often.Calculate the gradient of current sampling point, and be worth the end of as with this, structure opacity attenuation function, under the identical situation of power, if current sampling point is the border of tissue, the gradient that obtains is just bigger, so can obtain bigger m (P
i); Otherwise the m (P that obtains
i) less.K/ (P
i-Y
T) (1-α
I-1) be the power of opacity attenuation function, near more from contour surface when gradient is certain value, k/ (P then
i-Y
T) value big more, the m (P that obtains
i) just more little.(1-α
I-1) be current accumulation opacity rest parts, begin to construct opaque attenuation function and image when synthetic, this value is 1, m (P
i) very little, can prevent that the front opacity is excessive, cause back the blocking of covering weave, along with synthetic the carrying out of image, this value diminishes gradually, the m (P that obtains
i) become big, can well keep the background information of back.Effect of k value and current sampling point can be regulated contour surface to m (P to the distance of contour surface
i) value degree of influence.
Remove indexed color respectively and calculate the opacity transfer function values with the gray-scale value in the current sampling point corresponding three-dimensional data texturing, obtain the color and the opacity value of this sampled point correspondence, the value that opacity attenuation function in the opacity value of current sampling point and the step 3 is obtained multiplies each other, obtain the new opacity value of this sampled point, and then adopt the ray cast discrete logarithm to carry out the synthetic of image.Continue sampling along radiation direction, pass volume data up to light and finish.Finally obtain this light any color value and opacity value on imaging plane, adopt the composite formula after the discretize that the discrete approximation integration synthesizes the optical characteristics of sampled point as follows:
α
i＝α
i-1+α(P
i)·(1-α
i-1)
c
i＝c
i-1+c(P
i)·α(P
i)·(1-α
i-1)
P wherein
iThe coordinate of sampled point in the expression three-dimensional data field,
Be sampled point P
iThe gray-scale value at place.α (P
i) and c (P
i) be the opacity and the color value of current sampling point, α
I-1, c
I-1For sight line enters opacity and the color value of accumulating before the current sampling point, α
i, c
iFor sight line is passed accumulation opacity and color value behind the current sampling point, α
Tf() is the opacity transport function, c
Tf() is the color transport function; L (P
i) be the illumination brightness of current sampling point, generally adopt the Phong-Blinn model, m (P
i) be the opacity attenuation function.
Because each sampled point all is a half-tone information in the volume data, this half-tone information need be converted into color and opacity in the optical characteristics, strengthen differentiation to different tissues in the imaging results.Transport function is the texture of two one dimensions, has stored color and opacity information, can come indexed color and opacity texture respectively according to the gray-scale value of sampled point, and then obtain and corresponding color of this sampled point and opacity value.
The head image that uses the inventive method when the value of k is 0.03, to obtain that is shown in Figure 2.Skull is had an X-rayed in the middle of the head, directly shows the vascular tissue in the skull, regulate parameter k can change in the middle of the size of skull see-through area, make things convenient for observation and the diagnosis of doctor to blood vessel in the head etc.
Embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, according to foregoing of the present invention, ordinary skill knowledge and customary means according to this area, the opacity attenuation function also can be constructed with the form of other similar exponential function among the present invention, and parameter value wherein also can be selected pixel grey scale, local entropy, illumination information etc.Therefore do not breaking away under the above-mentioned basic fundamental thought of the present invention prerequisite, the present invention can also make modification, replacement or the change of other various ways, all drops within the rights protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. reservation context environmental object plotting method based on contour surface is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(a), three-dimensional data is stored as the gray-scale value index that the three-D grain data are used for three-dimensional data;
(b), the three-dimensional data on every the light that enters three-dimensional data is sampled, extract the contour surface coordinate data according to the gray-scale value of sampled point, and extract the contour surface coordinate data on the described light;
(c) if the contour surface coordinate data extract successfully, then continue follow-up three-dimensional data is sampled along described radiation direction, and utilize described contour surface coordinate data and current sampling point data to carry out image and synthesize, otherwise get back to the sampling that step (b) is proceeded three-dimensional data.
2. the reservation context environmental object plotting method based on contour surface according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at first three-dimensional data is carried out the denoising pre-service when in the described step (a) three-dimensional data being stored as the three-D grain data.
3. the reservation context environmental object plotting method based on contour surface according to claim 2 is characterized in that: describedly adopt three-dimensional anisotropic diffusion filtering to handle to three-dimensional data denoising pre-service.
4. the reservation context environmental object plotting method based on contour surface according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the process of the contour surface coordinate data on the described light of extraction of described step (b) is: the gray-scale value and the threshold parameter of described sampled point are compared, if the gray-scale value of sample point is greater than this threshold value, think that then this sampled point is the contour surface sampled point, and the locus coordinate data of three-dimensional data of noting this sampled point correspondence continues to judge otherwise increase a sampled point along radiation direction as the contour surface coordinate data on the described light.
5. the reservation context environmental object plotting method based on contour surface according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described threshold parameter is regulated as required by the user, and span is 0～1.
6. the reservation context environmental object plotting method based on contour surface according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the synthetic process of the image of described step (c) is: structure opacity attenuation function, use the opacity attenuation function to calculate the opacity pad value of current sampling point data, and use transport function to obtain the opacity value of current sampling point, the opacity pad value and the opacity value of described current sampling point are multiplied each other, form the new opacity value of this sampled point, adopt the discrete approximation integration to begin backward the optical characteristics of sampled point to be synthesized along radiation direction, form the opacity value of described light imaging point on imaging plane by the contour surface sampled point.
7. the reservation context environmental object plotting method based on contour surface according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described opacity attenuation function adopts exponential function to construct.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109472855A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-15 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | A kind of object plotting method, device and smart machine |
| CN110728744A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-01-24 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | Volume rendering method and device and intelligent equipment |
| CN111369661A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-07-03 | 四川大学 | Three-dimensional volume data visualization parallel rendering method based on OpenCL |
| CN112016572A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-01 | 北京推想科技有限公司 | Method and device for extracting isosurface and method and device for drawing image |
-
2010
- 2010-02-02 CN CN2010101065151A patent/CN101783025B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110728744A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-01-24 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | Volume rendering method and device and intelligent equipment |
| CN110728744B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2023-09-19 | 海信视像科技股份有限公司 | Volume rendering method and device and intelligent equipment |
| CN109472855A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-15 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | A kind of object plotting method, device and smart machine |
| CN109472855B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2023-03-28 | 海信视像科技股份有限公司 | Volume rendering method and device and intelligent device |
| CN111369661A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-07-03 | 四川大学 | Three-dimensional volume data visualization parallel rendering method based on OpenCL |
| CN112016572A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-01 | 北京推想科技有限公司 | Method and device for extracting isosurface and method and device for drawing image |
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