CN101775593B - Heat treatment method of ultrahard aluminum alloy after chemical nickel-plating - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of ultrahard aluminum alloy after chemical nickel-plating Download PDFInfo
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- CN101775593B CN101775593B CN2010101082424A CN201010108242A CN101775593B CN 101775593 B CN101775593 B CN 101775593B CN 2010101082424 A CN2010101082424 A CN 2010101082424A CN 201010108242 A CN201010108242 A CN 201010108242A CN 101775593 B CN101775593 B CN 101775593B
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 nickel salt Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical compound C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910017706 MgZn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007745 plasma electrolytic oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004249 sodium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method of ultrahard aluminum alloy after chemical nickel-plating. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out the chemical nickel-plating firstly on the ultrahard aluminum alloy, i.e. carrying out alkali washing, acid washing, zinc dipping, water washing, secondary zinc dipping, alkaline chemical nickel-plating, acid chemical nickel-plating and water washing; carrying out ageing treatment by using the solid solution heat treatment temperature of a matrix as the heat treatment temperature for hardening a plating layer; and at the same time of guaranteeing the hardness and the strength of the ultrahard aluminum alloy matrix, obtaining a high-hardness chemical nickel-plating layer on the surface. Moreover, the method is environmentally friendly and saves energy. By adopting the method, the weakness of low ultrahard aluminum alloy abrasive resistance can be overcome, and the application field of the ultrahard aluminum alloy is enlarged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the metal material surface wear resistant processing method, particularly a kind of heat treating method that relates to the super-hard aluminum alloys chemical nickel plating on surface.
Background technology
Characteristics such as super-hard aluminum alloys has that intensity height, density are low, processing characteristics and processing performance are good are widely used in key areas such as aerospace, military project, and civilian industry such as weaving device.The mechanical property of ultralumin excellence need obtain by solid solution+timeliness thermal treatment, and common process is water-cooled after 485 ℃ of solution treatment, 120 ℃ of ageing treatment again.
Along with the expansion of range of application, to the component of super-hard aluminum alloys preparation, for example rack guide rail etc. has further proposed anti abrasive performance requriements, thereby need carry out anti abrasive surface treatment to super-hard aluminum alloys.Though the ultralumin plating hard chromium on surface has high rigidity (850-1050Hv), also in use, environment is had pollution, does not have Sustainable development.Document [1]: Xue Wenbin, Hua Ming, Du Jiancheng etc., the growth and the sign of LC4 ultralumin micro-arc oxidation films, aeronautical material journal, 28 (2008) 34-38; Studied the differential arc oxidation of ultralumin, obtained the inside/outside duplicature that hardness is respectively 450Hv and 1600Hv, but differential arc oxidation only is fit to the component of simple shape, and energy consumption is big.And chemical nickel plating is energy saving and environment friendly process for treating surface, need not energising, and coating uniformity is good, and coating is amorphous Ni-P alloy, has higher hardness and wear resistance.Therefore, chemical nickel plating is the prefered method that the ultralumin surface abrasion resistance is handled.Document [2]: Zhang Hongzhe, Huang Hui, chemical plating nickel-phosphorus alloy is to ultralumin LC
9Fatigue Life, heat processing technique, 3 (1989) 13-14; Report the wear resistance that improves ultralumin with chemical nickel plating, further used-90 ℃ and 120 ℃ of cold cycling thermal treatments, the fatigue lifetime of improving coating.
The technology comparative maturity of chemical nickel plating on aluminium alloy, and in constantly developing.For example, patent 200410043924.6 has proposed chemical nickel-plating solution and has prepared the method and the aluminium alloy wheel hub coating of nickel layer with it; Patent 200710019511.8 discloses high pure aluminum alloy chemical nickel-plating activation solution and activating process thereof; Patent 200810029009.X discloses a kind of method of handling again chemical nickel plating in aluminium and aluminum alloy surface by " catalytic liquid "; Patent 200810120012.2 has been developed chemical nickel plating of zinc/aluminum-based alloy liquid and nickel plating method thereof; Patent 200910012838.1 discloses a kind of preprocessing solution that is used for the chemical nickel plating on surface of aluminum alloy alloy layer.These patents propose preceding pre-treatment of plating or plating bath and form mostly at the different aluminum alloys matrix, seldom relate to the problem of super-hard aluminum alloys plating postheat treatment.
The hardness of General N i-P plated state is about Hv450, has hardness and the wear resisting property close with hard chrome in order to make coating, need be by thermal treatment.Optimum thermal treatment process is 400 ℃, 1h insulation, the hardness 950-1050Hv of coating.But because the ultralumin aging temp is 120 ℃, therefore 400 ℃ of thermal treatments that improve coating hardness must cause the remarkable decline of ultralumin matrix hardness and intensity.And 120 ℃ low-temperature heat treatment can't obviously increase the hardness of coating.
For this reason, make chemical nickel plating be used for the super-hard aluminum alloys surface abrasion resistance and handle, must solve this contradiction: 400 ℃ of high-temperature heat treatment can make coating hardness increase, but cause the ultralumin matrix hardness to descend; And low-temperature heat treatment can keep matrix hardness, but coating hardness can't improve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the heat treating method behind a kind of super-hard aluminum alloys chemical nickel plating, under the situation that keeps the super-hard aluminum alloys matrix hardness not reduce, improve the hardness of chemical Ni-plating layer.
Principle of the present invention is as follows:
Super-hard aluminum alloys is made up of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, and quenching by high temperature solid solution adds artificial aging, separates out MgZn
2, strengthening phases such as Al2Mg3Zn3, Al2CuMg, obtain high intensity and hardness.Solid solubility temperature is generally at 455～485 ℃, 120～140 ℃ of aging temps, and hardness is generally 120～140Hv.For chemical Ni-plating layer, when being higher than 8%, phosphorus content generally is amorphous structure, and hardness is generally 420～460Hv.Can make the tiny Ni2P of its diffusion-precipitation make the hardness of coating bring up to 950-1050Hv mutually by thermal treatment.Therefore the initial crystallization temperature of non-crystalline state Ni-P is 350 ℃, must heat-treat being higher than 350 ℃, could obtain high hardness.But temperature is too high, will make the Ni that separates out
2P grows up, and causes hardness to descend on the contrary.Yet from the forming core angle, quick high-temp thermal treatment helps separating out the particle of more disperse, as long as therefore control soaking time well, just can suppress growing up of precipitated phase, thereby make Ni-P coating obtain high hardness.And this temperature also is the solid solubility temperature of super-hard aluminum alloys simultaneously, like this, by optimizing soaking time, just can guarantee the hardness of coating, and then through low temperature aging, the hardness of matrix is raise, and the hardness of coating remains unchanged at this moment.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
At first super-hard aluminum alloys is carried out chemical nickel plating; It is alkali cleaning → pickling → soak zinc → washing → secondary soaking zinc → alkaline chemical nickel-plating → acid chemical plating nickel → washing.Then carry out following processing again:
1, with the temperature of matrix solution heat treatment as coating hardened thermal treatment temp:
A) temperature: 465～485 ℃;
B) soaking time 10～30min, cold quenching;
2, ageing treatment:
Aging treatment method is a split ag(e)ing, and with the shortening time, behind 120 ℃ of insulation 3h, 160 ℃ are incubated 3h again; Perhaps one section timeliness, 120 ℃ of temperature, 24h.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
When guaranteeing super-hard aluminum alloys matrix hardness, intensity, make the surface obtain the chemical Ni-plating layer of high rigidity.And the method therefor environmental protection, energy-conservation.Adopt the inventive method, can solve the not high weakness of super-hard aluminum alloys wear resistance, enlarge the Application Areas of super-hard aluminum alloys.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is that embodiment 1 handles back LC4 super-hard aluminum alloys chemical Ni-plating layer pattern.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
The thick LC4 super-hard aluminum alloys of 1mm, hardness 120Hv.55 ℃ of 5% sodium hydroxide solutions, the 3min alkali cleaning, washing back 50% salpeter solution dipping 30s, washing back room temperature is soaked zinc 60s, and (zinc dipping solution consists of: 240g/L sodium hydroxide+120g/L zinc sulfate+60g/L single nickel salt+120g/L Seignette salt+5g/L iron(ic) chloride), 50% nitric acid dipping 5s, after the washing again room temperature soak zinc 30s, the alkaline electroless plating nickel solution is immersed in the washing back, and (plating bath consists of: 25g/L single nickel salt+25g/L inferior sodium phosphate+45g/L Trisodium Citrate+30g/L ammonium chloride, ammoniacal liquor adjust pH to 9), 45 ℃ of following plating 10min, (plating bath consists of: 25g/L single nickel salt+25g/L inferior sodium phosphate+20g/L lactic acid+20g/L sodium-acetate+2.5mg/L thiocarbamide to take out washing back immersion acidic nickel plating solution, pH value 4.5), 92 ℃ of following plating 120min, the washing oven dry.Coating hardness is 450Hv.
Sample is put into 485 ℃ of electric furnaces and is incubated 10min, hardening, and behind 120 ℃ of insulation 3h, 160 ℃ of insulation 3h again, stove is cold, matrix hardness 145Hv as a result, coating hardness 981Hv.The coating interface topography as shown in drawings, the left side is the super-hard aluminum alloys matrix, the centre is a chemical Ni-plating layer, the used powder of the inlaying when right side is specimen preparation.As seen by after the thermal treatment of the present invention, matrix combines good with coating.
Embodiment 2:
The thick LC4 super-hard aluminum alloys of 1mm chemical nickel plating, method such as embodiment 1.
Sample is put into 475 ℃ of electric furnaces and is incubated 20min, hardening, 120 ℃ of insulation 24h, matrix hardness 141Hv, coating hardness 880Hv;
Embodiment 3:
The thick LC9 super-hard aluminum alloys of 1mm, hardness 152Hv, chemical nickel plating method such as embodiment 1.Gained coating hardness 450Hv.
Sample is put into 465 ℃ of electric furnaces and is incubated 30min, hardening, 120 ℃ of insulation 24h, matrix hardness 160Hv, coating hardness 860Hv;
Embodiment 4
As a comparison case, 2 on the thick LC4 super-hard aluminum alloys of 1mm sample, the method for chemical nickel plating such as embodiment 1.
Sample 1 is put into 400 ℃ of electric furnaces and is incubated 1h, takes out air cooling.Matrix hardness 56Hv, coating hardness 980Hv.Sample 2 is put into 350 ℃ of electric furnaces and is incubated 4h, takes out air cooling.Matrix hardness 70Hv, coating hardness 913Hv.As seen, though the hardness of chemical Ni-plating layer up to 913～980Hv, the matrix hardness of LC4 is reduced to 56～70Hv.And by thermal treatment process of the present invention, matrix hardness reaches 141～145Hv, has improved more than 1 times.
Claims (1)
1. the heat treating method behind the super-hard aluminum alloys chemical nickel plating at first carries out chemical nickel plating to super-hard aluminum alloys; It is alkali cleaning → pickling → soak zinc → washing → secondary soaking zinc → alkaline chemical nickel-plating → acid chemical plating nickel → washing; Then heat-treat successively again and ageing treatment; It is characterized in that:
1), with the temperature of matrix solution heat treatment as coating hardened thermal treatment temp:
A) temperature: 465～485 ℃;
B) soaking time 10～30min, cold quenching;
2), ageing treatment:
Aging treatment method is a split ag(e)ing, and with the shortening time, behind 120 ℃ of insulation 3h, 160 ℃ are incubated 3h again; Perhaps one section timeliness, 120 ℃ of temperature, 24h.
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| CN102877045B (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-12-31 | 常州大学 | Method for crystallizing chemical plated Ni-P coating |
| CN102953054A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-03-06 | 鲁东大学 | Chemical nickel-phosphorus alloy plating solution |
| WO2015013970A1 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-05 | 恒川国际股份有限公司 | Water tap water-control spool and method for manufacturing same |
| CN104264161A (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2015-01-07 | 刘明亮 | Manufacturing method of automobile clutch master cylinder pump body |
| CN104213107A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-17 | 广西师范大学 | Zinc dipping solution for aluminum or aluminum alloy and preparing method and zinc dipping technology therefore |
| CN106894066B (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-11-30 | 福建省闽发铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of artificial stainless steel matt aluminum profile coloring process |
| CN107779713B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-09-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of beryllium alumin(i)um alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN108034932A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-15 | 云南昆船机械制造有限公司 | A kind of process of 7A19 aluminum alloy material surfaces chemical nickel phosphorus plating |
| CN110468392A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-11-19 | 湖南科技大学 | A method of surface treatment combines subsequent heat treatment to regulate and control aluminium alloy stability |
| CN108588691A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-09-28 | 西安朗赛精密机械有限公司 | A kind of plating Ni methods of aluminium silicon carbide material |
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| CN1693507A (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2005-11-09 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of aluminium alloy piston |
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| CN1693507A (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2005-11-09 | 东北轻合金有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of aluminium alloy piston |
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