CN101768487A - Quasi-liquid fuel of internal combustion engine and transmission and injection method thereof - Google Patents
Quasi-liquid fuel of internal combustion engine and transmission and injection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to quasi-liquid fuel of an internal combustion engine and a transmission and injection method thereof, in particular to a method for statically or dynamically mixing micro-or nano-granular solid, semi-solid, gel or high-fluid-energy combustible materials (such as lignin obtained in different methods, lignin obtained through processing and extraction such as alkali lignin, acidic lignin, neutral lignin, nitrolignin, nitrated cellulose, nitrated hemicellulose, products of nitrification of biomass, coal powder obtained after removal of ash and impurities, and natural biomass materials obtained through removal of ash in biomass with acid, grinding and crushing) and liquid carriers such as gasoline, diesel and other kinds of fuel to form suspension or emulsion which can substitute fossil fuel to be used as fuel for the internal combustion engine.
Description
Technical field
Quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines of the present invention and conveying thereof and injection method, particularly about utilizing small or Nanoparticulate combustiblesubstance [lignin such as alkali lignin that lignin that obtains as the whole bag of tricks or processing obtain after extracting, acid soluble lignin, neutral lignin, nitrolignin, soluble cotton, nitrated hemicellulose, the nitration product of biomass, through removing the coal dust after ash impurities is handled, remove the natural biological material after the ash content grinding fragmentation in the biomass through acid, do not contain harmful elemental chlorine, sulphur or through having removed chlorine, waste or used plastics behind the impurity such as sulphur and metal oxide, rubber powder] and gasoline, kerosene, oil fuel such as diesel oil are liquid carrier static state or dynamically mix the method for the alternative fossil fuel of formation suspension or accurate emulsion as automotive fuel.
Background technology
The fossil fuel of oil engine substitutes and rests on mostly in the searching of liquid towards fuel, traditional as alcohol fuel, gelatin liquefaction, the method of biomass pyrolytic system oil, unconventional liquifying method is as in the Chinese patent application: a kind of fuel of internal combustion engine (publication number CN1425745), the method of preparing automobile fuel oil by straw chemical process (publication number CN101182420), high-energy compound liquid fuel (publication number CN1053809) mainly is to utilize nitrated method with the reproducible biomass output liquid fuel that liquefies.Chinese patent publication number CN101171324 has proposed the method for liquid biofuel " be used for xylogen is catalytically conveted to ", mainly is utilize the method for chemical reaction to obtain different lignin decomposed liq products.Because the liquefaction process complexity of biomass, the liquefied product complexity, liquefaction cost height, therefore, liquifying method can not fundamentally solve the problem of fossil fuel alternative fuel.
The patent application of Chinese patent publication number CN1566289 has proposed a kind of lignin alcohol fuel manufacturing operation, and relating to a kind of is main raw material with Ethanol Method paper-making pulping gained boiling raffinate, makes the technology of this liquid cleaning fuel of lignin alcohol.But because the solubleness of lignin in ethanol is limited under the normal temperature, the ratio of lignin great (greatly between 1.35-1.5) sinks to the bottom it in ethanol (proportion is approximately 0.79), so lignin really is not used as liquid fuel in a large number and effectively.In addition, be hopeful to be used for the alcoholic acid production of fuel or consume grain or be used to plant sugar plant and occupy cultivated land, need utilize the very high cellulase degradation plant cellulose of cost, these also make ethanol as an alternative the extensive utilization of liquid fuel be difficult to realize.
Chinese patent publication number CN1370217 relates to a kind of catalytic cellulignin fuel that obtains with the pre-hydrolysis of biomass method, this cellulignin fuel is made up of the xylogen of Mierocrystalline cellulose and balling-up, the about 1.5-2.5m2/g of its specific surface area, and can be pulverized and be the particle less than 250 μ m.Owing to contain the low-calorie Mierocrystalline cellulose of a great deal of (about 17.3kJ/g), its combustion heat value reaches 18-20kJ/g only, energy density is not high, be lower than the calorific value (about 29kJ/g) of standard coal, and be pulverulent solids fuel, therefore use can only can not be used as the power fuel of oil engine as conventional fuel separately.Other utilizes pressed powder or particle to utilize the fuel (patent application publication number CN86104451) of coal dust as explosive motor in addition as the patent application of automotive fuel, Internal-combustion engine using coal (CN2318407), internal combustion engine with firewood as fuel (CN1043368), pulverized fuel piston type internal combustion engine (CN2066896), internal-combustion engine of combustible powder (CN1916381) utilizes gunpowder as solid-fuel internal combustion engine (CN2167197).Utilize pressed powder or particle to carry supply mode and sparking mode separately as the fuel that the oil engine that utilizes liquid fuel at present needs redesign fully to improve existing oil engine, the solid ash content is generally all arranged behind the undressed in addition solid fuel ignition, therefore require design that the ash content discharge structure is arranged, these all make powdered fuel be difficult to be used on transportation and communication.
Comprehensive aforementioned present situation is necessary to find that new liquid or quasi-liquid fuel system substitute or the alternative fossil fuel of part is used to drive oil engine.
Summary of the invention
Quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines of the present invention and conveying thereof and injection method are to solve following problem, the firstth, seek a kind of substitute energy with biological material or derivatives thereof of higher energy density as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil; Second provides all or part of alternative gasoline of a kind of quasi-liquid fuel between liquid and solid or kerosene or diesel oil, still with gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil as delivery vehicles, so that the structure that only needs minimally to change existing oil engine promptly can be used as the fuel of oil engine, perhaps low-calorie biomass microparticle material is mixed the back with gasoline, kerosene, the diesel oil of high-energy-density and obtain still to have the fuel of the accurate liquid combination of higher energy density as oil engine; The 3rd is to utilize suitable engine oil transportation and injection method to make this accurate liquid can be conveyed into spray combustion in the cylinder of internal-combustion engine.
First purpose of the present invention is to utilize the lignin that utilizes the whole bag of tricks to obtain from biological material to be used for all kinds of gasoline, diesel oil (light or heavy gas oil) explosive motor, as accurate all or part of alternative gasoline of " liquid " fuel or diesel oil fuel; Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of suitable method and this quasi-liquid fuel is conveyed into carries out spray combustion in the cylinder of internal combustion engine; The 3rd purpose of the present invention is to utilize the nitrolignin of high-energy-density with being equal to, soluble cotton, the nitration product of biomass, furfural, micron or nanometer coal dust or the natural biological material after acid removes ash content and grinds fragmentation after removing ash impurities or process surface treatment, do not contain harmful elemental chlorine, sulphur or through having removed chlorine, waste or used plastics behind the impurity such as sulphur and metal oxide, rubber powder or their mixture replace lignin or with aforementioned lignin blend after with gasoline, oil fuel such as diesel oil are liquid carrier static state or dynamically mix viscid suspension of formation or accurate emulsion as the quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines that still has higher energy density; The 4th purpose of the present invention provides a kind of pressed powder or the particle micron or method of nanometer in gasoline and diesel oil of making.
One of advantage of lignin is the calorific value height, be that contain can the highest natural high moleculer eompound, because its proportion is greater than present employed gasoline, diesel oil, the combustion heat of its unit volume and gasoline, diesel oil quite (～36kJ/cm3), comparable the ethanol of the energy (the about 30kJ/g of the combustion heat) is high 1.5 times as an alternative at present.According to data, the combustion heat of lignin is 26.6kJ/g, again according to data, the combustion heat that removes the hydrochloric acid of ash content or Klason's lignin is higher, the combustion heat as the dragon spruce hydrochloric acid lignin is 110kJ/g, the combustion heat of Klason's lignin is 109.6kJ/g, in addition, because different with the one dimension directivity of cellulosic structure, the directivity of lignin structure is not obvious, form spherical particle easily, therefore can be easily by grinding, as using colloidal mill, dwindle the lignin granular size to micron or nano level, form high-specific surface area, the actual burning-point of lignin is reduced and in oil engine, light easily and burn, when mixing, be unlikely the undue reduction that causes diesel cetane-number with diesel oil.Moreover lignin directly extracts from biological material easily, is the waste and the source of pollution of paper industry, does not resemble need utilize grain as raw material the bio-ethanol, perhaps utilizes Mierocrystalline cellulose to carry out carrying out fermentative production as raw material after the complicated processing.Exactly because lignin has these characteristics and advantage, lignin has more the substitute energy of advantage as the petroleum and petrochemical industry energy than biofuel ethanol, therefore, can utilize the high characteristics of lignin calorific value, directly the lignin powder injection be gone into combusted cylinder and drive the steam cylinder piston acting.
Though have advantage, but lignin is insoluble to gasoline under the normal temperature user mode, kerosene, diesel oil, what utilize that lignin at first needs to solve is how with lignin and conventional liquid fuel such as gasoline, kerosene, effective mixing of diesel oil also is conveyed into that jet ignition burns rapidly in the engine cylinder, obviously, rock by machinery, vibrations, it is direct and simple technical scheme that stirring method dynamically keeps their mutual mixing and flowability, or utilizes suitable tensio-active agent to make oil fuel such as gasoline or kerosene or diesel oil and lignin forms mixed uniformly emulsion or accurate emulsion also is preferred scheme.Lignin tends to than great, but still can form metastable suspension under vibrations or whipped state.Be convenient to quantitatively be conveyed into engine cylinder in order to keep the suspension state, this suspension must stir or vibrations (present hand tractor is installed on the same support with diesel oil tank and engine cylinder, as the often moving board R170 diesel engine in Jiangsu, the vibrations that vibrations during the engine operation can keep fuel tank automatically, therefore this vibrating state can be by being fixed on this fuel tank and engine cylinder on the same support, and that utilizes that the vibrations of cylinder drive fuel tank does not stop vibrations), shake and directly pass through oil thrower by oil injection pump under the state and spray in the cylinder.Perhaps be two fuel tanks of engine configurations, one of them fuel tank is traditional gasoline or kerosene or diesel oil tank, the another one fuel tank then is the fuel tank that has agitator, perhaps this fuel tank is in the state of shaking or is in vibrating state, being used for splendid attire contains lignin and gasoline or kerosene or diesel oil blended fuel mutually, and two fuel tanks dispose fuel oil that high-pressure injection pump respectively will be separately respectively and are listed as through separately oil thrower by the ratio of setting and pump into cylinder; Perhaps oil thrower is transformed into the injection structure of two oil circuits, in cylinder, obtains thorough mixing at lignin after the injection and gasoline or kerosene or diesel oil and burn.
Petrol engine is to form oil and Air mixing gas earlier again through lighting afterfire in carburettor, the gasoline that contains lignin causes the sinking of lignin before ignition not during with air mixed easily after spraying, therefore, petrol engine preferably disposes two fuel tanks, one of them provides fuel-air mixture to enter cylinder for traditional fuel tank by existing mode, another one fuel tank splendid attire contains the fuel tank of lignin, and in a flash prefiring, the gasoline that will contain lignin by high-pressure injection pump pumps in the cylinder.
For making things convenient for service station's metering to sell, using method is that the lignin after being pre-mixed with the lignin powder or with oil fuel pumps in the fuel tank of belt stirrer or vibrations by the pipeline metering; Or being packaged into bag, the lignin after being pre-mixed with lignin or with oil fuel during use pours in the fuel tank.
Lignin or other flammable solid powder or particle grind in oil fuel such as gasoline or kerosene or diesel oil, can continue to dwindle powder particle size on the one hand until micron, nanoscale, increase granule surface area and (be beneficial to the igniting and the burning of pressed powder, solve general pressed powder burning-point height, shortcoming than the difficult combustion of fossil fuel) can avoid itself and water in air molecule the time, the effect of chemistry or physical reaction or absorption impurity molecule takes place in the contact of impurity molecules such as oxygen molecule, impel its with the surfactant that is added into (as alcohols, ketone, the ester class, ethers etc.) and the oil fuel molecule produce the surface adsorption effect, be beneficial to static or form suspension dynamically the time.
Lignin especially the lignin of fine particle to meet in the air oxygen or illumination oxidized easily down and deepen color, therefore, add the antioxidant that is fit to and help head it off.Lignin is easy to take place the condensation polycondensation under acidic conditions, therefore, keep or in being added into oil fuel before keep weakly alkaline or add the generation that micro-anthraquinone helps to prevent the lignin condensation.
Cellulosic fuel value is lower, so cellulose grain itself is separately directly as the non-optimal technical solution of the fuel of oil engine.But soluble cotton has incendive characteristics, therefore can substitute lignin and gasoline or kerosene or the aforementioned quasi-liquid fuel of diesel oil mixed preparing.The nitrolignin particle also has inflammable and characteristics high-energy-density, therefore can substitute lignin and gasoline or kerosene or the aforementioned quasi-liquid fuel of diesel oil mixed preparing equally.The biomass of full dose can also obtain nitrostarch through nitration treatment except obtaining soluble cotton and nitrolignin, nitrated ester, nitroprotein, nitrated hemicellulose, nitrated pine and cypress outer coffin, nitrated chitose, nitrated substance and non-nitrated substance such as diethyl malonates such as nitrated colloid, methyl alcohol, oxyethane, these nitrated or non-nitrated substances can be used as too lignin substitute and gasoline or or kerosene or the aforementioned quasi-liquid fuel of diesel oil mixed preparing, in like manner, nitroglycerine, nitrated hydrocarbon polymer (as nitrotoluene), ammonium nitrate, and come from the surrogate that furfural that acid hydrolysis of biomass obtains also can be used as lignin.Because the condition difference in nitrifying process, they are nitrogenous also different, and solubleness is also variant mutually, and the too high person of nitrogen content is an explosives, therefore, and the first-selected low degree of nitrification person of itrated compound who acts as a fuel and use.Consider that itrated compound belongs to explosive material, with should not dewater fully before vapour, diesel oil, kerosene mix, wherein moisture can remove excessive moisture with water-retaining agent such as calcium oxide, calcium chloride, silica gel etc. being put into after oil product mixes at itrated compound again; Same method can be used to remove lignin when mixing with fuel oil and redundant moisture when mixing with fuel oil such as following coal dust.
It is as follows with the method for the aforementioned quasi-liquid fuels of oil fuel mixed preparing such as gasoline or diesel oil to utilize coal dust to substitute lignin: at first preferably ash impurities is few, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, the coal that arsenic content is low, the processing such as row filter grinding of going forward side by side.Also be; make it to be adapted at the internal combustion engine burning in order to improve quality of pc; use floatation clean coal or washing coal to carry out attrition process, micron or nanometer; screening out in the coal can not clean-burning composition and produce the sulphur, the ash that the pollute impurity that grades; remove the part mineral particle or dissolve washing part water-soluble nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, arsenic compound by washing choosing, magnetic separation etc.; alkali cleaning removes silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, humic acid etc. again, and pickling removes metal oxide.The gained coal dust is again through dehydration back and gasoline or kerosene or diesel oil mixing stirring.In addition, can also be with coke with or similar quality same with coal, graphite, carbon black, carbon 60 etc. with better lubricity replace coal dust and gasoline or kerosene or the aforementioned quasi-liquid fuel of diesel oil mixed preparing.
Coal is through pulverizing, alkali cleaning, and pickling, after the dehydration, gained pulverized coal particle surface is easy to keep water molecules, oxygen molecule or the Sauerstoffatom of absorption, and therefore, particle should not be ground to too for a short time under this state, reaches micro-meter scale as minimum and gets final product.In order further to remove moisture and oxygen; the gained coal dust reduces by hydrogenation or carbon monoxide under hot conditions or the logical nitrogen gas stream of heating removes moisture and molecule or the atomic oxygen that particle surface adsorbs; be preferably in to be poured directly into again under the protection of inert gas and further under the condition of secluding air, be ground to micron or nanometer size in the oil fuel again, with the purpose of " coal oil mixture " that form the similar water coal slurry.
Similar or be equal to ground, with utilize coal dust similar, the waste or used plastics or the waste or used plastics after the dechlorination desulfurization that do not contain harmful elemental chlorine, sulphur also can obtain adding in the oil fuel behind micron small-particle by grinding to sieve, perhaps further utilize pickling, alkali dissolution method to remove metal or nonmetal oxide in the waste or used plastics molecule, and add again in the oil fuel as aforementioned quasi-liquid fuel behind the impurity such as calcium carbonate additive.
The biological material (as the biomass residue after forest, faggot or agricultural wastes straw, the utilization such as bagasse, furfural dregs etc.) of general full dose contains a certain amount of silicon oxide and some metal oxide ash, therefore, part as quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines, need utilize the method for hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid or nitric acid treatment to remove metal oxide ash, and utilize hydrofluoric acid to remove the silicon oxide ash content again.With full dose biological material particle (mainly containing hemicellulose, Mierocrystalline cellulose, the lignin) washing filtering that removes ash content to neutrality, drying and dewatering and be ground to molecule after directly mix the quasi-liquid fuel that acquisition contains the full dose biological material with gasoline or kerosene or diesel oil.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 among the present invention to the transformation cross-sectional schematic and the accessory quasi-liquid fuel oil delivery system synoptic diagram of conventional fuel injector.
Fig. 2 is a delivery valve dependency structure cross-sectional schematic in the accessory quasi-liquid fuel oil delivery system among Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present invention utilizes lignin calorific value height, particle is little, extracts easily or derive from the byproduct of industries such as papermaking, has the low advantage of cost, directly lignin fluid attitude powder injection is gone in the diesel engine cylinder compression and combustion acting, be equivalent to be mixed with 0% gasoline or diesel oil this moment.Testing used lignin is that (Science and Technology Ltd. provides commercially available alkali lignin by Xinyi City's longitude and latitude, the key technical indexes: outward appearance palm fibre (Huang) brown powder water-insoluble≤1.5%PH value 8～10 moisture content≤7.0% fineness, 80 order percent of pass 〉=95%).Be the work of simulated engine oil thrower, utilize the injector for medical purpose that the removes syringe needle experiment of dusting.When the lignin powder sprays to the flame top (flame provides the combustion ignition condition), promptly visible lignin powder fire burns.
Being (being that the lignin weight content was greater than about 40% o'clock) after adding about 70 grams in No. 10 the commercially available diesel oil (or utilizing same operation to replace diesel oil with pure No. 93 gasoline available from Nanjing of No. 93, label) or surpassing 70 aforementioned commercially available lignins more than restraining at 100 gram labels, is that the suspension of external phase becomes flowable semi-fluid condition with oil.Test is also found, lignin has oil absorption, therefore, and when a large amount of lignins mixes with a spot of gasoline or diesel oil, can avoid the lignin powder to form dust or absorb the agglomerating problem of airborne moisture bonding, make lignin become semi-fluid and easily in pipeline road, carried.
Lignin also can be further remove remaining ash content with pickling and improve the lignin combustion heat, after the pickling again in alkali and activation or add micro-anthraquinone more simultaneously and play the effect that prevents the lignin polycondensation.
As an example, with 100 the gram above-mentioned commercially available diesel oil (or gasoline) put into container and add successively aforementioned commercially available lignin reach 10 the gram, 15 the gram, 20 the gram, 25 grams, 30 grams, 35 grams, 40 grams, 45 grams, 50 grams, 55 grams, 60 grams, 65 grams, 70 grams, 75 grams, 80 grams, 85 grams, 90 grams, 95 grams, 100 grams, 110 grams, 120 grams, 130 grams, 140 grams, 150 grams, 200 grams, 250 grams, 300 grams, 400 grams, 500 grams, 600 grams, 800 the gram, 900 the gram, and rock after the interpolation shake or stirs make lignin with oil under dynamic condition the maintenance dynamic uniform mixing.
As demonstration, aforementioned commercially available lignin 80 grams are added into form suspension in commercially available diesel oil 450 grams as quasi-liquid fuel (lignin content is 15%, and all content are weight content, down with).Stirring or shaking or rock state, lignin and diesel oil form the suspension of dynamic stability.Pour this 530 gram quasi-liquid fuel into single-cylinder four-stroke that the normal prosperous Diesel Engine Co., Ltd in changzhou produces, oil thrower is (annotate: the fuel filter at fuel tank oil export place must be removed to be pumped to oil thrower and to enter combustor inner cylinder so that granular lignin can enter oil injection pump by oil pipe with fuel oil) in the fuel tank of single hole pintaux R170 diesel engine, can move 65 minutes and can't stop during fuel feeding very little until the remaining oil mass of fuel tank internal cause after the no cargo conditions engine start.Engine smoke discharging amount and engine roar have the height variation phenomenon in the operational process, and this is that the inhomogeneous lignin amount that pumps into cylinder that causes of lignin amount and the diesel oil amount that suck and pump owing to oil injection pump are not well-proportioned causes.Under the situation of this low lignin content, the vibrations of fuel tank itself have been enough to guarantee lignin and oily uniform mixing.
Continue to increase lignin content, when with 100 gram lignins and (lignin content 25%) after 300 gram diesel oil mix when being used for above-mentioned engine, engine is the same with aforesaid state still can works better, and the working hour is 43 minutes.When 120 gram lignins are mixed back (lignin content 30%) when being used for above-mentioned engine with 280 gram diesel oil, engine starting is difficult, flame-out easily during operation, the vibrations of fuel tank can not guarantee lignin and oily uniform mixing, fuel in the fuel tank also needs constantly to stir, not so cause oil circuit freely not stop working easily, but this moment still reluctantly can be alternate in running order.But when lignin 140 grams are mixed back (lignin content 35%) when being used for above-mentioned engine with diesel oil 260 grams, even under whipped state, engine is because oil circuit is not smooth, be difficult to ignition trigger, can not steady running, but, be also shown in and detonation take place in the engine cylinder and emit flue gas as long as force fuel to infeed cylinder by the hand rotation flywheel.When continue increasing lignin and being 160 gram diesel oil, 240 grams or lignin 200 gram diesel oil 200 grams, be that lignin content is respectively 40% or at 50% o'clock, as long as can force quasi-liquid fuel to infeed cylinder by hand rotation flywheel mode starting engine equally, also be also shown in and detonation take place in the engine cylinder and emit flue gas, illustrate that the major cause that the restriction lignin content increases is that lignin is difficult to by existing engine oil path, oil injection pump and oil thrower.Therefore in order to use high-load lignin, embodiment 7 provides the fuel feeding scheme of two fuel tanks.
Embodiment 4
In order further to reduce the granular size of lignin and to promote the dynamic stability of suspension, said mixture is under the secluding air state in the colloidal mill or utilize heavy ball to roll and fully ground about 10 minutes and filtered with 200 mesh sieves.Test is found, lignin 140 grams are mixed back (lignin content 35%) when being used for above-mentioned engine with diesel oil 260 grams, under the same dynamic agitation state, compares with the foregoing description, and engine becomes and can work more reposefully, and the working hour is 45 minutes.Therefore explanation reduces the addition that the lignin granular size can be improved the serviceability of quasi-liquid fuel and improve lignin.
Embodiment 5
In addition, can on-the-spot make lignin and mix with gasoline or diesel oil.As demonstration, 100 gram rice husks are cleaned the back add 10 gram sodium hydroxide, add calcium hydroxide saturated solution hot digestion again, filtration obtains brown solution, neutralize this brown solution to PH=4-6 with dilute sulphuric acid, filter paper filtering obtains lignin and contains a small amount of colloid and other organic " colloidal state " shape semisolid, through clear water washing and preliminary filter dehydration after do not have water droplet, take out 2 these products of gram and put into 5 gram gasoline (or with same operation with the diesel oil gasoline replacing) and rock and mix and form suspension, continuation adds 10 respectively and restrains in this mixings suspension, 20 grams, the abundant stirring of 30 gram diesel oil and warp is swayed mixing and still can be obtained the blended suspension.In order to reduce the moisture in the mixture, utilize packed lime or other water-retaining agent to put into oil fuel and absorb moisture, perhaps heating separates the moisture boiling.
Embodiment 6
For the work of simulated engine oil thrower, utilize commercially available pneumatic varnish spray gun to carry out the oil spout light-off trial.Shake (the simulation fuel tank shakes or shakes or stirring action) when the oil can brute force commercially available alkali lignin 5 grams, gasoline (or diesel oil) 195 grams are housed, or lignin 15 grams, oily 185 restrain, or lignin 25 grams, oily 175 restrain, or lignin 35 restrains, oil 165 restrains, or lignin 45 restrains, oil 155 restrains, or lignin 55 grams, oily 145 restrain, or lignin 65 grams, oily 135 restrain, or when lignin 80 gram, oil 120 grams, oil gas and lignin can spray under the driving of air pressure stream jointly, and can be by ignition combustion.Therefore the method for utilizing that contains the oil fuel of lignin is to keep lignin and oil fuel to form stable suspension or semi-fluid by installing a stirrer or vibrations or shake fuel tank in engine oil tank, so that oil injection pump burns lignin and oil fuel simultaneously in oil thrower is spurted into engine cylinder.
Further increase the content of lignin, as lignin 135 grams, oil 65 grams, or when lignin 180 gram, oil 20 grams, then need to utilize the nozzle that can spray similar dry powder to carry out spray atomization, as utilize existing coal-water slurry nozzle structure spray method and technology, because be the proven technique scheme, do not repeat them here.Simultaneously when the lignin content height when making quasi-liquid fuel become flowable semi-solid semi-fluid condition, mode of movement adopts the screw feeder mode more effective.
Embodiment 7
For making things convenient for the engine utilization to contain the oil fuel of lignin, two fuel tanks of engine configurations, one of them provides conventional pure gasoline or pure diesel oil for existing traditional fuel tank, and the another one fuel tank then disposes whipping appts or fuel tank vibrations or sways gasoline or the diesel oil that the device splendid attire contains pure lignin or contains the part lignin.These two fuel tanks are through Y-tube be connected with the oil injection pump inlet tube (figure slightly), two control valves on the Y-tube control respectively that the oil pipe of two fuel tanks is whether negotiable goes into oil injection pump, only open pure oil fuel fuel tap during engine starting, the assurance engine starting is easy, treat to close pure oil fuel fuel tap behind the engine starting, open the quasi-liquid fuel fuel tap that contains lignin and make it to enter the work operation of oil injection pump for engine; Perhaps, can when engine operation, dynamically replace pure oil fuel of opening and closing and quasi-liquid fuel delivery valve in order dynamically to clean the oil transportation oil circuit of oil injection pump and oil thrower.
Perhaps above-mentioned each fuel tank disposes oil injection pump respectively, by two independently oil thrower fuel is sprayed into same engine cylinder (figure slightly).Perhaps with these two independently oil thrower unite two into one, as shown in Figure 1.Effect (this oil pump can also will contain the big semi-fluid mass transport of lignin amount with band oar screw rod type of drive and go in the oil thrower) through oil injection pump 1, delivery valve 4 in the oil thrower is opened, contain lignin or lignin and fuel oil mutually blended fuel from fuel tank 2 along the direction of arrow pump into or spiral push oil thrower inner chamber 3, according to the requirement that sprays into lignin amount in the cylinder (in 0-100 weight % scope), pump into the quasi-liquid fuel of respective volume by volume pump, (promptly in actual applications, can not contain gasoline or diesel oil in the quasi-liquid fuel fuel tank 2, the content that is gasoline or diesel oil is 0%, but reaches the requirement of quasi-liquid fuel desired lignin content in cylinder of internal combustion engine by the field mix in oil thrower inner chamber 3).After the injection of finishing quasi-liquid fuel, the pressure in the inner chamber 10 reduces, and delivery valve 4 cuts out automatically.Before quasi-liquid fuel pumps into oil thrower inner chamber 3, have in the inner chamber 3 last time spraying to stop afterwards the fuel oil that does not contain lignin residual in conventional fuel tank, the fuel oil that part does not contain lignin when pumping into the fuel oil that contains lignin upwards refluxes.Because oil thrower inner chamber 3 is after injection action is finished, its chamber pressure sharply diminishes, and therefore, it is the pumping that oil injection pump can be realized fuel that the oil injection pump 1 of quasi-liquid fuel need not, and low pressure following work minimizing powder or particle are to the wearing and tearing of mixing oil oil pump.After the injection of finishing quasi-liquid fuel, or at the preceding appropriate time of quasi-liquid fuel injection stopping, pure gasoline or pure diesel oil are by traditional oil injection pump (figure omits) pressurised driving, enter inner chamber 3 from oil outlet 5 along the diagram arrow, when the internal pressure of oil thrower inner chamber 3 meets the requirements of intensity, according to traditional oil thrower design, needle-valve 6 by back down beginning in in-cylinder injection inner chamber 3 high pressure mixing fuel and carry out homogeneous combustion.
Pure gasoline or pure diesel oil inlet 5 also can be above quasi-liquid fuel oil outlet 4, so that the delivery valve 4 that pure fuel oil can alignment liquid fuel oil outlet place when entering oil thrower inner chamber 3 provides cleaning, avoids the obstruction of oil circuit.Because powder in the fuel or particulate component proportion are greater than the proportion of fuel oil, therefore, powder or particle gravitate are in the bottom of oil thrower inner chamber 3, each oil thrower sprays, the pure fuel oil on top has all carried out once cleaning to the oil thrower bottom, keep not being blended on oil nozzle place needle-valve 6 surfaces and its coupled face powder or particulate matter in the fuel oil to greatest extent, reduce the mechanical wear between needle-valve 6 and its coupled face, and the obstruction of nozzle burner.
For fear of fuel tank 2 the contacting of oil plant and air when swaying or shake or when utilizing agitator 7 to stir, above fuel tank 2, increase by a main tank 8, quasi-liquid fuel enters from reservoir port 9, enter fuel tank 2 in the direction of arrows and keep fuel tank 2 to be full of quasi-liquid fuel all the time along pipeline and avoid entering of air, enter oil thrower inner chamber 3 from fuel tank 2 through oil injection pump 1 again.In the fuel tank 2 or agitator 7 is housed or this fuel tank 2 makes it be in the state of shaking with motorized motions, be in best uniform mixing state to guarantee quasi-liquid fuel.
Fig. 2 is that relevant automatic controls detailed schematic is opened or closed to quasi-liquid fuel delivery valve 4, certainly, can also be other similar control scheme.After oil thrower thimble 6 jack-up make the composite fuels ejection, controlling organization instruction oil injection pump 1 beginning pressurized operation by oil engine, quasi-liquid fuel enters inner chamber 10 by the opening 4-2 on the valve 4-1 or other passage of establishing in addition, when pressure during greatly to intensity that delivery valve spring 11 is limited, delivery valve 4 moves to left and causes quasi-liquid fuel inflow oil thrower inner chamber 3.Valve 4 links to each other by a connecting rod with 4-1, and when oil injection pump 1 stopped pressurized operation, delivery valve spring 11 impelled valve 4 to be in the closing condition that moves right.Because oil injection pump 1 can be a low-pressure pump, therefore, can utilize traditional oil injection pump or " sludge pump " structure to come pumping to contain the quasi-liquid fuel of molecule.
Similar or be equal to ground, have the soluble cotton of high-energy-density or other nitro hydrocarbon polymer, ammonium powder, can substitute lignin and gasoline or the aforementioned quasi-liquid fuel of diesel oil mixed preparing, but being easy to friction for fear of itrated compound lights problem and makes it to be easy to pipe-line transportation, it fully must be soaked into fuel oil and mix, its maximum level is no more than 90%.The nitrolignin particle also has inflammable and characteristics high-energy-density, therefore can substitute lignin and gasoline or the aforementioned quasi-liquid fuel of diesel oil mixed preparing equally.Biomass can also obtain nitrated substances such as nitrostarch, nitrated ester, nitroprotein, nitrated five-carbon sugar (nitrated hemicellulose), nitrated pine and cypress outer coffin, nitrated chitose, nitrated colloid through nitration treatment except obtaining soluble cotton and nitrolignin, and biomass acid hydrolysis product furfural etc., can be used as substitute and the gasoline or the aforementioned quasi-liquid fuel of diesel oil mixed preparing of lignin too.Consider that itrated compound belongs to explosive material, with should not dewater fully before vapour, diesel oil mix, wherein moisture can remove excessive moisture with water-retaining agent such as calcium oxide, calcium chloride, silica gel etc. being put into after oil product mixes at itrated compound again.
Similar or be equal to ground, coal dust substitutes wooden rope and gasoline or the aforementioned quasi-liquid fuel of diesel oil mixed preparing, but is convenient to pipe-line transportation for coal dust is fully soaked into by fuel oil, and the coal dust maximum level is 90%.At first preferred ash impurities is few, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, the coal that arsenic content is low, the processing such as row filter grinding of going forward side by side.Also be; make it to be adapted at the internal combustion engine burning in order to improve quality of pc; use floatation clean coal or washing coal carry out attrition process sieve 200 orders above, make it micron or nanometer; screen out macrobead in the coal and can not clean-burning composition and produce impurity such as the sulphur that pollutes, ash; remove the part mineral particle or dissolve washing part water-soluble nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, arsenic compound by washing choosing, magnetic separation etc.; alkali cleaning removes silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, humic acid etc. again, and pickling removes metal oxide.The gained coal dust is again through dehydration back and gasoline or diesel oil mixing stirring.In addition, can also be with coke with or similar quality same with coal, graphite, carbon 60, charcoal etc. with better lubricity replace coal dust and gasoline or the aforementioned quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines of diesel oil mixed preparing.
Coal is through pulverizing, alkali cleaning, pickling, after the dehydration, gained pulverized coal particle surface is easy to keep water molecules, oxygen molecule or the Sauerstoffatom of absorption, and therefore, particle should not be ground to too little under this state, reach micro-meter scale as minimum and can be poured directly into and further under the condition of secluding air, be ground to micron or nanometer size in the oil fuel again, with the purpose of " coal oil mixture " that form the similar water coal slurry.In order further to remove moisture and oxygen; the gained coal dust reduces by hydrogenation or carbon monoxide under hot conditions or the logical nitrogen gas stream of heating removes moisture and molecule or the atomic oxygen that particle surface adsorbs; be preferably in to be poured directly into again under the protection of inert gas and further under the condition of secluding air, be ground to micron or nanometer size in the oil fuel again, with the purpose of " coal oil mixture " that form the similar water coal slurry.Conventional technique process promptly repeats no more as washing process, hydrogen addition technology, carbon monoxide reduction etc.
Similar or be equal to ground, with utilize coal dust similar, do not contain the waste or used plastics of harmful elemental chlorine, sulphur or rubber or the waste or used plastics after the dechlorination desulfurization or rubber also can obtain adding in the oil fuel behind micron small-particle by grinding 200 mesh sieves, perhaps further utilize pickling, alkali dissolution method to remove metal or nonmetal oxide in the waste or used plastics molecule, and add in the oil fuel quasi-liquid fuel behind the impurity such as calcium carbonate additive again as aforementioned oil engine.
Similar or be equal to ground, the biological material of full dose (as residuum furfural dregs, the bagasse after forest, faggot or agricultural wastes straw or its processing) molecule of making is used as the part of quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines, with utilize coal dust similar, be convenient to pipe-line transportation in order to keep particle to be soaked into by fuel oil, increase the total combustion calorific value (half of the low just about standard coal of the mean calorie of biomass) of quasi-liquid fuel simultaneously, the content of fuel oil must be higher than 10%.As demonstration, 0.5 kilogram weedtree wood powder is put into 1 liter of 10% sulphuric acid soln, after boiling 30 minutes, filter out moisture, add again in 1.5 liters of clear water, be neutralized to neutrality with sodium hydroxide, behind the press filtration moisture, again with clear water washing 2 times and squeeze out moisture, put into 110 ℃ of temperature bakings of baking oven 20 minutes, grind this wood powder to crossing 100 mesh sieves with the agate grinding tool again, directly mix the quasi-liquid fuel that can obtain to contain the full dose biological material with gasoline more than 10% or kerosene or diesel oil by preceding method.Through peracid treatment, the metal oxide in the wood powder can be removed by major part, also has the part Mierocrystalline cellulose to run off because of hydrolysis certainly.
The foregoing description has provided and has utilized demonstration of the present invention for example, is not the qualification that can actually utilize scope to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines is characterized in that, small or Nanoparticulate combustiblesubstance is liquid carrier static state with oil fuel or dynamically mixes formation suspension or semi-fluid.
2. quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described combustiblesubstance is a lignin, and its content range is 0%-90% or 90%-100%.
3. quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described combustiblesubstance is nitration product or nitrated hydrocarbon polymer or furfural or ammonium nitrate or the coal dust after removing the ash impurities processing or the biological material particle of waste or used plastics powder or full dose of nitrolignin or soluble cotton or nitrated hemicellulose or biomass, and its content is 0%-90%.
4. quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described oil fuel is gasoline or diesel oil.
5. quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described combustiblesubstance secluding air in oil fuel grinds.
6. the conveying of a quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines and injection method, it is characterized in that, two fuel tanks of internal combustion engine configurations, one of them is the existing pure oil fuel of traditional oils box structure splendid attire, another one fuel tank splendid attire contains oil fuel small or the Nanoparticulate combustiblesubstance.
7. the conveying of quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines as claimed in claim 6 and injection method is characterized in that, contain to be mounted with whipping appts or this fuel tank in the fuel tank of small or Nanoparticulate combustiblesubstance and to remain in and sway or vibrational state.
8. the conveying of quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines as claimed in claim 6 and injection method, it is characterized in that, two oil throwers of cylinder of internal combustion engine configuration make to contain and the oil fuel that does not contain small or Nanoparticulate combustiblesubstance uniform mixing burning in cylinder after independently oil thrower sprays respectively.
9. the conveying of quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines as claimed in claim 6 and injection method, it is characterized in that, the oil thrower of oil engine has two oil feed passages and pumps into respectively and contain and do not contain oil fuel small or the Nanoparticulate combustiblesubstance, mixed firing in cylinder after the oil thrower ejection at the same time.
10. the conveying of quasi-liquid fuel for internal combustion engines as claimed in claim 9 and injection method is characterized in that, the oil fuel that contains small or Nanoparticulate combustiblesubstance under low pressure pumps into oil thrower earlier, spray into cylinder after pumping into pure oil fuel by high-pressure injection pump again.
Priority Applications (13)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200910003447 CN101768487A (en) | 2009-01-04 | 2009-01-04 | Quasi-liquid fuel of internal combustion engine and transmission and injection method thereof |
| KR1020117010155A KR20110082161A (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | Mixed fuel containing combustible solid powder and an engine using thereof |
| AU2009319541A AU2009319541A1 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | Mixed fuel containing combustible solid powder and an engine using thereof |
| JP2011533521A JP2012507584A (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | Combustible mixed fuel containing solid powder and engine capable of using the mixed fuel |
| PCT/CN2009/074673 WO2010060330A1 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | Mixed fuel containing combustible solid powder and an engine using thereof |
| CA2742425A CA2742425A1 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | Mixed fuel containing combustible solid powder and an engine using thereof |
| DE212009000124U DE212009000124U1 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | Fuel mixture with combustible solid powder and with this fuel mixture operable engine |
| GB1107271A GB2476766A (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | Mixed fuel containing combustible solid powder and an engine using thereof |
| EP09828590A EP2363449A4 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | Mixed fuel containing combustible solid powder and an engine using thereof |
| BRPI0916083A BRPI0916083A2 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | "Combustion fuel mixture, engine for use of the fuel mixture, driver used for the engine and method of production of a fuel mixture containing condensed stabilized acid lignin and liquid fuel" |
| CN2009801437520A CN102203223A (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | Mixed fuel containing combustible solid powder and an engine using thereof |
| US13/126,050 US20110239973A1 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-10-28 | Fuel mixture containing combustible solid powder and engine using the fuel mixture |
| ZA2011/02960A ZA201102960B (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2011-04-20 | A fuel mixture containing combustible solid power and an engine using thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200910003447 CN101768487A (en) | 2009-01-04 | 2009-01-04 | Quasi-liquid fuel of internal combustion engine and transmission and injection method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101768487A true CN101768487A (en) | 2010-07-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 200910003447 Pending CN101768487A (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2009-01-04 | Quasi-liquid fuel of internal combustion engine and transmission and injection method thereof |
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| CN (1) | CN101768487A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012155413A1 (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-22 | 科威国际技术转移有限公司 | Biomass fluid fuel and preparation method thereof |
| WO2016101120A1 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-30 | Rhodia Operations | Slurry suspension comprising torrefied wood particles |
| CN106118791A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-11-16 | 桂林九马新动力科技有限公司 | A kind of energy saving biomass fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN106190341A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 桂林九马新动力科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN107446632A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2017-12-08 | 深圳瑞科天启科技有限公司 | A kind of method for improving liquid fuel or gaseous fuel energy density |
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2009
- 2009-01-04 CN CN 200910003447 patent/CN101768487A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012155413A1 (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-22 | 科威国际技术转移有限公司 | Biomass fluid fuel and preparation method thereof |
| WO2016101120A1 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-30 | Rhodia Operations | Slurry suspension comprising torrefied wood particles |
| US10584294B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2020-03-10 | Rhodia Operations | Slurry suspension comprising torrefied wood particles |
| CN106118791A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-11-16 | 桂林九马新动力科技有限公司 | A kind of energy saving biomass fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN106190341A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 桂林九马新动力科技有限公司 | A kind of biomass fuel and preparation method thereof |
| CN107446632A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2017-12-08 | 深圳瑞科天启科技有限公司 | A kind of method for improving liquid fuel or gaseous fuel energy density |
| CN107446632B (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-05-17 | 深圳瑞科天启科技有限公司 | A method of improving liquid fuel or gaseous fuel energy density |
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Application publication date: 20100707 |