A kind of sludge dewatering treatment technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sludge dewatering treatment technology, mainly be adapted to subtracting of sewage treatment plant residual active sludge held processing, belong to the sludge of sewage treatment plant process field.
Background technology
Sewage work mainly contains primary deposition mud, residual active sludge and chemical sludge.The water ratio of mud is generally all very high, and the primary sedimentation pond moisture percentage in sewage sludge is between 95%~97%, and residual active sludge is more than 99.2%, and the water ratio of chemical sludge reaches more than 99.5%.The residual active sludge that sewage work produces generally will account for more than 80% of mud ultimate production.Active sludge mainly is made up of four parts: the living microorganism colony with metabolic function; The residue of microorganism endogenous respiration and autoxidation; The hardly degraded organic substance that is adsorbed by the mud flco; The inorganics that is adsorbed by the mud flco.Residual active sludge is a main component with the organism, has that easy corruption is smelly, particle is thin, proportion is less, water ratio is high and the characteristic of difficult dehydration, is the hydroaropic substance that is gel-like texture.Contain moisture in the mud and roughly be divided into 4 classes: intergranular interstitial water accounts for 70% of total moisture; Capillary water, promptly the water in the kapillary between particle accounts for 20%; Mud granule planar water and granule interior water account for 10%.
The spissated method of mud mainly contains that gravity concentrates, centrifugal concentrate and air supporting concentrates.The gravity concentration basin can be divided into two kinds of continous way gravity concentration basin and intermittent type gravity concentration basins according to the difference of operation scheme, is divided into two kinds of vertical-flow and width of cloth streamings again by its water flow mode.Continous way gravity concentration basin mainly contains the band mud scraper and stirs the continous way gravity concentration basin of grid and two kinds of multibuchet continous way gravity concentration basins; The intermittent type sludge thickener mainly contains the band pipe core and is not with two kinds of pipe cores.It is to utilize the solid particulate in the mud and the difference in specific gravity of liquid that machinery concentrates, and separates in the difference of the suffered centrifugal force of centrifuge field.Be used for centrifugal spissated whizzer and mainly contain disk centrifuge and rotary drum whizzer etc.Floatation Thickening Sludge is earlier under the pressurization situation, and a large amount of microbubbles that discharge by decompression make the mud granule come-up, thereby reach spissated purpose attached to around the mud granule then.
The dehydration of mud be meant with fluidised form mud (through or without concentrated excessively) be converted into solid-state wet mud.The method of sludge dewatering mainly contains nature dehydration, mechanical dehydration and granulation dehydration.Naturally the dehydration main units is a sludge drying bed, and main dependence blends the water content that evaporation reduces mud down.The mechanical dehydration method is divided into two kinds of filtration method and centrifuging again.Filtration method is that wet mud is filtered with filtering layer (porous material such as filter cloth, wire cloth), makes moisture (filtrate) infiltrate filtering layer, and dewatered sludge (filter cake) then is trapped within on the filtering layer.Centrifuging is to borrow the different tendency to drift aways that the solid, liquid difference in specific gravity is produced in the mud to reach mud-water separation.The equipment that filtration method is used has vacuum-type drum filter, plate-and-frame filter press and band filter.The water ratio of mechanical dehydration mud is relevant with sludge quality and pretreatment process.Generally speaking, the vacuum filtration moisture content of the cake 65%~80%; The filter press moisture content of the cake is 50%~80%; The band filter moisture content of the cake is 70%~80%; The centrifuge dehydration moisture content of the cake is 80%~85%.The dehydration of overlapping screwed sludge dewatering equipment machine and comminution granulation is a kind of new technology of latest developments in addition, and the small muddy pill or the moisture content of the cake of generation are 70%~80%.
Usually mud carries out pre-treatment earlier, improves dehydration again behind the dewatering.General pretreatment process is to add inorganic salt or high-molecular coagulant adopting, in addition, also has elutriation method and heat treating process.The selection of dewatering technology of mud is relevant with the chemical property of mud and sludge ultimate disposal approach, and current sludge dewatering treatment technology mainly contains:
(1) mud → gravity concentrates → mechanical dehydration → ultimate disposal
(2) mud → gravity concentrates → natural mummification → ultimate disposal
(3) mud → gravity concentrates → digestion → ultimate disposal
(4) mud → gravity concentrates → digestion → natural mummification → ultimate disposal
(5) mud → gravity concentrates → digestion → mechanical dehydration → ultimate disposal
(6) mud → gravity concentrates → mechanical dehydration → drying → ultimate disposal
(7) mud → centrifugal concentrating → mechanical dehydration → ultimate disposal
(8) mud → centrifugal concentrating → mechanical dehydration → drying → ultimate disposal
Typical sludge treatment technique flow process comprises four-stage: the fs is that mud concentrates, and main purpose is to make mud tentatively subtract appearance, dwindles the volume or the plant capacity of subsequent disposal structures; Subordinate phase is sludge digestion, and the organism in the mud is decomposed; Phase III is sludge dewatering, makes mud further subtract appearance; The quadravalence section is a sludge disposal, adopts certain approach that final mud is dissolved.Sludge of sewage treatment plant is by the processing of above four-stage, reaches the purpose of minimizing, stabilization, innoxious, resource utilization.
Present dewatering technology of mud in handling the process of residual active sludge, the main moisture content of the cake height that exists after the dehydration, mud cake yields poorly, it is big to add dose, filter cloth cleans unclean, parting liquid solid content height, problem such as solid recovery rate is low.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of sludge dewatering treatment technology, to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art.Technology of the present invention mainly is the performance characteristics at residual active sludge, a kind of mud designed according to the method for physics and chemistry " three concentrated+mechanical dehydrations " treatment process.
In mud of the present invention " three the concentrated+mechanical dehydrations " treatment process, described three concentrated respectively being through continous way gravity concentration basin, intermittent type gravity concentration basin, rotary drum centrifugal concentrator are carried out concentration, and described mechanical dehydration dewaters for adopting belt filter press.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical solutions:
A kind of sludge dewatering treatment technology, may further comprise the steps, residual active sludge carries out concentration through continous way gravity concentration basin, intermittent type sludge thickener successively, enter the chemical conditioning groove then, mud after chemical conditioning enters the rotary drum centrifugal concentrator and further concentrates, and enters belt filter press at last and carries out processed formation mud cake.
The present invention is provided with concentration technology three times before mud enters mechanical dehydration, it is by water ratio in sequence from high to low that three mud concentrate the priority ordering, and spoil disposal will adapt to the needs of production on the one hand, and the position of spoil disposal will adapt with sewage treatment process; Continous way gravity concentration basin → formed operational path of the centrifugal thickner of intermittent type sludge thickener → rotary drum meets the internal relation that sludge concentration is gone forward one by one on the other hand, helps improving step by step concentrated effect.Continous way gravity concentration basin advances the mud water ratio generally 99.9~99.2%, and the mud extraction water ratio is about 98%; The intermittent type sludge thickener advances the mud water ratio generally 99.6~98.5%, and the mud extraction water ratio is between 98~95%; The centrifugal thickner of rotary drum advances the mud water ratio generally between 98.5~96%, and the mud extraction water ratio can reach 96~92%.
Preferably, described continous way gravity concentration basin adopts the structure of biochemical second pond, and increases the spoil disposal control valve at described biochemical second pond mud extraction pipeline, is controlled in certain scope to guarantee the sludge concentration that biochemical second pond is discharged.
Further, set up a sewer catch basin close with the second pond absolute altitude in the exit of second pond spoil disposal pipeline, sewer catch basin structure and second pond one-piece construction fuse, the mud pipe that advances of sewer catch basin is connected with the second pond sludge bucket, be provided with the partition wall (13) of one vertical direction in the mid-way of sewer catch basin, the opposite side of partition wall (13) is communicated with mud backflow well, top (promptly than the position about the low 650mm of second pond operation liquid level absolute altitude) in partition wall (13) is equipped with a slide valve (14), keying degree by regulator plate valve (14) is regulated the second pond sludge volume, controls second pond spoil disposal concentration with this.
Preferably, described intermittent type sludge thickener can to remain mud extraction concentration in the cycle even concentrating.
A kind of intermittent type sludge thickener of evenly discharging, it is characterized in that, comprise pond body (1), sludge bucket (2), connected entrance (3), advance mud pipe (4), pipe core (5), overflow weir (6), supernatant liquor water shoot (8), diving mixer (9) and shore pipe (10); Wherein: pond body (1) is inner to be separated into left and right sides two portions by burrock (11), and the bottom of every part is sludge bucket (2), and the two ends of each sludge bucket (2) are respectively equipped with diving mixer (9) and shore pipe (10); Dike below in weir is provided with the connected entrance (3) that is communicated with two sludge buckets, and burrock (11) mid-way is provided with the pipe core (5) of vertical direction, pipe core (5) top with advance mud pipe (4) and be connected, connection two sludge buckets (2) bottom the pipe core (5); One side of pond body (1) is provided with overflow weir (6) near the position at body top, pond, divides high, medium and low position to be provided with three supernatant liquor water shoots (8) on the side of pond body (1).
Preferably, described pond body (1) is a square, and the inner left and right sides two portions that are separated into by burrock (11) of described pond body (1) are rectangular parallelepiped.
Preferably, described two diving mixers (9) are located at the same end of two sludge buckets (2) respectively, and two shore pipes (10) are located at the other end of two sludge buckets (2) respectively.Described connected entrance (3) is near the suction mud mouth of shore pipe (10).
The above-mentioned intermittent type sludge thickener that is adopted among the present invention is a kind of intermittent type sludge thickener of evenly mud extraction, and the characteristics of this concentration basin are that concentrated effect is good, and concentration time is short, and it is even to remain mud extraction concentration in the cycle.
Among the present invention, be provided with stirrer in the described chemical conditioning groove, by continuously stirring, medicament and mud thorough mixing, reaction further are separated the interstitial water in the mud structure.Institute's with medicament and dosage thereof can adopt the ordinary method in this area determine according to the character of residual active sludge in the chemical conditioning groove, as to add concentration be 1.5 ‰ the organic polymer coargulator aqueous solution, and dosage is 3kg flocculation agent/ton butt mud.Described organic polymer coargulator can be an organic polymer coargulator conventional in this area, as cationic-type polyacrylamide (PAM).
Among the present invention, the mud extraction of continous way gravity concentration basin is promoted to the intermittent type sludge thickener by pump, the mud extraction of intermittent type sludge thickener relies on run by gravity or enters the chemical conditioning groove through the pump lifting, chemical conditioning groove mud extraction overflow enters the rotary drum centrifugal concentrator, and the mud extraction of rotary drum centrifugal concentrator directly falls into belt filter press.
The present invention is directed to the residual active sludge performance characteristics, a kind of mud " three concentrated+mechanical dehydrations " treatment process is provided, strengthened the concentrated effect before the mechanical dehydration, had that dehydration adds that dose is little, mud cake thickens, moisture content of the cake reduces, mud do not glue that filter cloth easily washes, the parting liquid solid content is low, the solid recovery rate advantages of higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a sludge dewatering treatment process flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the floor map of intermittent type sludge thickener of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the side-view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 2.
Among the figure: A continous way gravity concentration basin; The B sewer catch basin; C mud backflow well; D intermittent type sludge thickener; E chemical conditioning groove; F rotary drum centrifugal concentrator; G belt water extracter.1 pond body; 2 twin-buckets; 3 connected entrances; 4 advance the mud pipe; 5 pipe cores; 6 overflow weirs; 7 upflow tubes; 8 water shoots; 9 diving mixers; 10 shore pipes; 11 burrocks; 12 cut water control valve; 13 partition walls; 14 slide valves.
Embodiment
Further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, should be understood that these embodiment only are used to the present invention is described and are not used in restriction protection scope of the present invention.
The intermittent type sludge thickener that embodiment 1 the present invention adopts
As shown in Figure 1, the intermittent type sludge thickener of a kind of evenly discharging of the present invention comprises pond body 1, sludge bucket 2, connected entrance 3, advances mud pipe 4, pipe core 5, overflow weir 6, supernatant liquor water shoot 8, diving mixer 9 and shore pipe 10.Concentration basin design solid flux is 60kg/ (m
2.d).Pond body 1 is the skeleton construction of square, and its scantlings of the structure is 9000 * 9000 * 6000 (mm); Body 1 inside in pond is separated into two rectangular parallelepipeds by burrock 11, and the length of rectangular parallelepiped (L) and wide (H) are than being L/H=2; The bottom of each rectangular parallelepiped is a sludge bucket 2, makes the bottom of pond body 1 form " W " type twin-bucket structure, and bucket baseplane, separate room is of a size of 1352 * 6100 (mm), and four skew walls of sludge bucket 2 and the angle of horizontal plane are 50 °, and the bottom surface gradient of sludge bucket 2 is 0.003.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4, burrock 11 mid-ways are provided with the pipe core 5 of vertical direction, pipe core 5 tops with advance mud pipe 4 and be connected, pipe core 5 bottoms connect two sludge buckets 2; Said pipe core 5 adopts carbon steel material, the diameter of pipe core 5 is greater than the diameter that advances mud pipe 4, advancing mud pipe diameter is DN150, pipe core 5 diameter DN400, the lower port of pipe core 5 connects hydraucone, described bell-mouthed 400 * 600 (mm) that are of a size of, pipe core hydraucone place establishes reflector, described reflector diameter is 780mm, hydraucone is 300mm to the distance of reflector, flow velocity reduced after mud entered pipe core, and hydraucone and the reflector that is provided with through the pipe core below further eliminated flow energy again, and uniform distribution enters the two sludge buckets 2 of " W " type then.Mud enters the concentration basin bottom from pipe core 5, has shortened the distance of mud gravity settling, can avoid blocking zone in the pond to the disadvantageous effect of concentration process effectively.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, for preventing that into the mud amount too much diffuses out Chi Ding, be provided with overflow weir 6 near the position at body top, pond in a side of pond body 1, overflow weir 6 is the rectangular parallelepiped tanks with pond appearance etc., sink structure is of a size of 9000 * 300 * 700 (mm); Be equipped with in the inboard mid-way of overflow weir one with advance the upflow tube 7 that the mud amount is complementary, the diameter of upflow tube 7 is DN200.On a sidewall that is provided with overflow weir 6 of pond body 1, divide high, medium and low position to be provided with three supernatant liquor water shoots 8, the diameter of three water shoots 8 is DN80, the three supernatant liquor water shoots 8 in high, medium and low position are connected with upflow tube 7, upflow tube 7 exits are provided with an observation well (not drawing among the figure), so that observe draining band mud situation; Be separately installed with on the every water shoot 8 and cut water control valve 12, control the size of cutting the water yield with this.The mud that enters concentration basin solid-liquid separation occurs through gravity settling after a while, can get rid of supernatant liquor according to the corresponding water valve of cutting of opening this position water shoot of the thickness of mud layer in the concentration basin.
As Fig. 1, shown in Figure 4, the two ends of each sludge bucket 2 are respectively equipped with diving mixer 9 and shore pipe 10, the power of two diving mixers 9 is 0.85Kw, is located at the same end of two sludge buckets 2 respectively, and two shore pipes 10 are located at the other end of two sludge buckets 2 respectively; The suction mud mouth of shore pipe 10 extends to the position near sludge bucket 2 bottom surfaces.When the sludge thickener supernatant liquor has been arranged substantially, start 9 operations of two diving mixers more respectively, make the interior mud of concentration basin reach the state of mixing.
Dike below, weir is provided with the connected entrance 3 that is communicated with two sludge buckets, and connected entrance 3 is a rectangular shape, and its sectional dimension is 1000 * 300 (mm), and the suction mud mouth of close shore pipe 10.When concentration basin advanced mud, diving mixer did not move, and the liquid level absolute altitude on both sides is identical, and mud is in relative immobilized state in the connected entrance 3; When concentration basin is in the mud extraction process, on one side sludge bucket 2 in mud will be mobile in another sludge bucket 2 just in mud extraction by connected entrance 3.Under diving mixer 9 operational conditionss, can guarantee that mud extraction concentration is in uniform state all the time in the cycle that concentrates.
The intermittent type sludge thickener of a kind of evenly discharging of present embodiment, the length in the cycle of concentrating is relevant with the performance of advancing mud water ratio and mud, it is 8~10h that present embodiment concentrates the cycle, and advancing the mud water ratio is 99.2%~99.7%, mud extraction water ratio 97%~96%.Concentration ratio is greater than 7, and solid recovery rate is greater than 95%; The liquid separation rate is greater than 86%.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.The case history that the present invention relates to is that mud concentrates+the mechanical dehydration treatment process for three times, and design excess sludge treatment capacity is 70m
3/ h (not comprising mud quantity of reflux part), treatment process import moisture percentage in sewage sludge is 99.4%~99.7%, the continous way gravity concentration basin A that present embodiment relates to utilizes the structure of biochemical second pond and increases a spoil disposal control valve at second pond mud extraction pipeline, and the sludge concentration of discharging with trueization second pond is controlled in certain scope.The scantlings of the structure of continous way gravity concentration basin A is
34 * 3.6m, mud enter continous way gravity concentration basin A, and through concentrating of 2~3h, the outlet moisture percentage in sewage sludge is about 98.5%.
The continous way gravity concentration basin A that relates in the present embodiment adopts the second pond of special construction, set up a sewer catch basin B close with the second pond absolute altitude in the exit of second pond spoil disposal pipeline, sewer catch basin B structure and second pond one-piece construction fuse, the mud pipe that advances of sewer catch basin B is connected with the second pond sludge bucket, be provided with the partition wall 13 of one vertical direction in the mid-way of sewer catch basin B, the opposite side of partition wall 13 is communicated with mud backflow well C, in (promptly than the position about the low 650mm of second pond operation liquid level absolute altitude) above the partition wall 13 slide valve 14 is installed, keying degree by regulator plate valve 14 is regulated the second pond sludge volume, controls second pond spoil disposal concentration with this.
Establish mud backflow well C behind sewer catch basin B, the quantity of reflux of mud is 50-100% among the mud backflow well C.Sewer catch basin B mud extraction gravity flow enters mud backflow well C, enter intermittent type sludge thickener D through the pump lifting, the intermittent type sludge thickener D scantlings of the structure that this example relates to is 9 * 9 * 5m, its structure is shown in embodiment 1, be a kind ofly to guarantee that mud extraction is in uniform state all the time, and the concentrated cycle is short, and the concentrated cycle is 8~10h, and the mud extraction water ratio reaches about 96.4%.
Intermittent type sludge thickener D mud extraction promotes through pump and enters chemical conditioning groove E, adds organic polymer cationic-type polyacrylamide PAM flocculation agent in chemical conditioning groove E, and the PAM compound concentration is 1.5, and dosage is a 3kgPAM/ ton butt mud.Be provided with stirrer in the conditioning groove, by continuously stirring, medicament and mud thorough mixing, reaction further are separated the interstitial water in the mud structure.
Chemical conditioning groove E mud extraction gravity flow enters rotary drum centrifugal concentrator F, present embodiment is provided with one group of (2 rotary drums) rotary drum centrifugal concentrator, the rotary drum specification is 0.5 * 1.5m, and mud is after centrifugal gravity mud, water sieve remove separation, and moisture percentage in sewage sludge is reduced to about 94.2%.
Rotary drum centrifugal concentrator F mud extraction directly falls into belt filter press G, the belt filter press G treatment capacity of present embodiment is 20~30t/h, mud forms mud cake through processes such as belt filter press gravity filtration, filtering under pressure and kapillary suctions, and moisture content of the cake is about 72%.
Present embodiment sludge treatment situation sees Table 1:
Table 1 mud concentrates for three times+evaluation of mechanical dehydration treatment process implementation result
Title |
Advance mud water ratio % |
Mud extraction water ratio % |
Concentration ratio % |
Solid recovery rate % |
Liquid separation rate % |
Continous way gravity concentration basin |
??99.6 |
??98.2 |
??4.5 |
??>99 |
??78 |
The intermittent type sludge thickener |
??98.2 |
??96.4 |
??2 |
??>96 |
??50 |
The centrifugal thickner of rotary drum |
??96.4 |
??94.2 |
??1.6 |
??>94 |
??38 |
Belt filter press |
??94.2 |
??72 |
??4.8 |
??>95 |
??79 |