CN101762569A - Non-destructive monitoring method of livestock excrement industrialized composting fermentation process - Google Patents
Non-destructive monitoring method of livestock excrement industrialized composting fermentation process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a non-destructive monitoring method of a livestock excrement industrialized composting fermentation process, which comprises the following steps of: (1) collecting the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectra of representative samples of each stage of the whole livestock excrement industrialized composting fermentation process by utilizing a near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum collecting device, and converting spectrum information into corresponding digital information; (2) determining the standard content of modeling; (3) preprocessing the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectra obtained in the step 1; (4) selecting the optimal spectrum wave band in the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum preprocessed in the step 3 so as to extract characteristic spectrum information; (5) establishing a technical index content model in the livestock excrement industrialized composting fermentation process according to the sample standard content measured in the step 2 by utilizing a regression method and a leave-one-out interactive verification method; (6) evaluating the model; and (7) collecting the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectra of different samples to be measured in the livestock excrement industrialized composting fermentation process, inputting into the correction model established in the step 5 to work out the main technical index content of the samples to be measured. The invention is simple and direct and rapid, thereby being suitable for the rapid non-destructive monitoring on main technical indexes in the livestock excrement industrialized composting fermentation process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring method of industrialized composting fermentation process, particularly about a kind of non-destructive monitoring method of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process.
Background technology
Along with the intensivization development of livestock breeding industry, China's feces of livestock and poultry annual production presents ever-increasing trend.A large amount of feces of livestock and poultry very easily causes ecology and environmental pollution if deal with improperly.In recent years, extensive, batch production high temperature aerobic composting produce that organic commercial fertilizer has become that a large amount of feces of livestock and poultry of China are innoxious, the important channel of minimizing and recycling.Water percentage and organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are reaction course of fermentation and the important technology index of weighing compost quality.Traditional monitoring method complex operation step, time-consuming, require great effort and have certain contaminative.The compost spectral reflection characteristic is one of compost material fundamental property, for the attribute of studying compost material itself provides new method and approach.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple and direct, non-destructive monitoring method of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process fast.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of non-destructive monitoring method of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process, it may further comprise the steps: 1) utilize the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum harvester to gather the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of each stage representative sample in the feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation overall process, and convert spectral information to corresponding numerical information; 2) according to agricultural industry relevant criterion method, determination step 1) in the key technical indexes content of selected sample as the standard content of modeling; 3) near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum that step 1) is obtained carries out pre-service; 4) from the pretreated near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of step 3), select optimum spectral band, to extract characteristic spectrum information; 5) according to step 2) in the sample standard content that records, utilize homing method and leaving-one method cross verification, set up technical indicator content model in the feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process; 6) performance of technical indicator content model is estimated in the feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process that step 5) is obtained; 7) near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of different testing samples in the collection feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation whole process, utilize step 3) and 4) near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of testing sample is handled, and input step 5) calibration model of being set up in calculates the key technical indexes content of testing sample.
The parameter that technical indicator content model comprises in the described feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation overall process has: calibration set sample number n
c, checking collection sample number n
v, the chemical analysis value of i sample is actual value y
i, the near infrared measured value z of i sample
i, the mean value y of calibration set sample actual value
c, the mean value y of checking collection sample actual value
v, the mean value y of actual value, the mean value of near infrared predicted value
The major component factor that model uses is counted k.
In described step 2) in, technical indicator content comprises water percentage, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
In described step 1), the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum harvester comprises Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer and integrating sphere annex, and each sample repeats filling scanning 3 times, scans 32 times at every turn, get the final spectrum of the averaged spectrum of 3 spectrum as counter sample, the resolution of scanning is 8cm
-1, the spectral scan scope is 10000～4000cm
-1
In described step 3), preprocessing procedures is at least a in level and smooth, single order or second derivative, polynary scatter correction, variable standardization, the data centerization.
In described step 5), homing method is one of principal component regression method, partial least-squares regression method, linearity and non-linear support vector machine Return Law.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, because the present invention collects the omnidistance representative sample of compost fermentation, use the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of Fourier transform type near infrared spectrometer collected specimens, the spectroscopic data that obtains is carried out the preferred and spectroscopic data pre-service of characteristic spectrum, the key technical indexes content that adopts the standard method working sample then is as standard content, utilize regression algorithm to set up composting fermentation process the key technical indexes standard content near infrared spectrum calibration model, therefore not only can extract composting fermentation process sample spectra characteristic information exactly, improve operation efficiency, but also can be quick, can't harm and accurately the composting process the key technical indexes is monitored, the result shows, can realize the real-time analysis of composting fermentation process the key technical indexes based on the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum analytical approach of composting fermentation process.2, because the harvester of near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of the present invention comprises Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer and integrating sphere annex, and scanning times is 32 times, resolution is 8cm
-1, the spectral scan scope is 10000～4000cm
-1Each sample repeats filling scanning 3 times, get the final spectrum of the averaged spectrum of 3 spectrum as counter sample, and the positive good utilisation of the inventive method near-infrared spectral analysis technology simple to operate, sample need not loaded down with trivial details pre-service, can finish the detection of a plurality of technical indicators of sample in short time simultaneously, analyte detection process is environment friendly and pollution-free, and can be used for the advantages such as online detection of sample.3,, so can guarantee the effective information farthest removing the interference and extract spectrum because preprocessing procedures of the present invention be a kind of or combination in level and smooth, single order or second derivative, polynary scatter correction, variable standardization, the data centerization.4, because homing method of the present invention can be selected any in principal component regression method, partial least-squares regression method, linearity and the non-linear support vector machine Return Law for use, can avoid above-mentioned model " to owe match " or the generation of " over-fitting " phenomenon in conjunction with the leaving-one method cross verification.The present invention is simple and direct, quick, is applicable to quick, the non-destructive monitoring of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process the key technical indexes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum figure of different representative samples in the sweat of one embodiment of the invention
Fig. 3 is each technical indicator calibration set of corresponding diagram 2 of the present invention and the scatter diagram that concerns that checking collects chemical analysis value and spectroscopic assay value
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes following steps:
1) utilizes the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum harvester to gather the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of different phase representative sample in the feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation overall process, and convert spectral information to corresponding numerical information.
These step concrete operations are: carry out the scanning of near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum harvester background spectrum earlier, then Powdered or granular different representative sample is placed different sample cups respectively, scan the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of each representative sample, again spectral information is carried out analog to digital conversion, convert numerical information to.
Each representative sample repeats filling scanning 3 times, scans 32 times at every turn, gets the final spectrum of the averaged spectrum of 3 near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrums as corresponding representative sample, and the resolution of scanning is 8cm
-1, the spectral scan scope is 10000～4000cm
-1The near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum harvester comprises Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer, integrating sphere annex and computing machine.The collection of near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum and processing can utilize TQ signals collecting and data processing software, Unscrambler 9 data processing softwares to obtain by Matlab related tool bag.
Representative sample is meant the effective sample that can contain each technical indicator content that China's agricultural industry relevant criterion requires as " organic fertilizer " and " biological organic fertilizer " or magnitude range and be evenly distributed.
2) according to agricultural industry relevant criterion method, determination step 1) in the key technical indexes content of selected sample as the standard content of modeling, above-mentioned technical indicator content comprises water percentage, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium etc.
3) near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum that step 1) is obtained carries out pre-service.
Because be attended by that high frequency random noise, sample particle are inhomogeneous in the step 1) during spectra collection, baseline drift etc., these factors all can cause the generation of error, the spectrum pre-service can make the spectrum standardization, eliminates background interference, to obtain high-quality spectrum.Pre-service can be according to the situation of spectral quality and interference, select the one or more combination in the preprocess methods such as level and smooth, single order or second derivative, polynary scatter correction, variable standardization, data centerization, extract the spectral effective characteristic information to greatest extent.
4) from the pretreated near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of step 3), select optimum spectral band, to extract characteristic spectrum information.
Because the effective information of the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of representative sample mainly concentrates in the long wave near-infrared spectra district.Moisture is at 6940cm
-1And 5155cm
-1Two significantly absorption peaks appear near meeting, and these two absorption peaks very easily disturb the absorption peak of other hydrogeneous group, so the present invention adopts near the method for the wave band in moisture absorption peak, suitable removal two place to improve model accuracy.The removal criterion is: with validation-cross standard deviation (SECV) minimum.
5) according to step 2) in the representative sample standard content that records, utilize homing method and leaving-one method cross verification, set up technical indicator content model in the feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process, and determine the best main cause subnumber of this model.
In this step, above-mentioned model can be for linear or non-linear, homing method can be selected principal component regression method, partial least-squares regression method, linearity or the non-linear support vector machine Return Law, can avoid above-mentioned model " to owe match " or the generation of " over-fitting " phenomenon in conjunction with the leaving-one method cross verification, be that criterion can be determined the best main cause subnumber in the above-mentioned model with validation-cross standard deviation (SECV) minimum.
The parameter that technical indicator content model comprises in the feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation overall process has: calibration set sample number n
c, checking collection sample number n
v, the chemical analysis value of i sample is actual value y
i, the near infrared measured value z of i sample
i, the mean value y of calibration set sample actual value
c, the mean value y of checking collection sample actual value
v, the mean value y of actual value, the mean value of near infrared predicted value
The major component factor that model uses is counted k.
6) performance of technical indicator content model is estimated in the feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process that step 5) is obtained.
The step of evaluation is as follows:
A, calculate decision calibration set coefficient of determination R
2With checking collection coefficient of determination r
2, represent the linear degree that concerns between predicted value and the actual value respectively:
The predicted value of b, calculation correction collection and the deviation RMSEC between actual value, and the predicted value of checking collection and the deviation RMSEP between actual value:
Deviation when c, calculating leaving-one method validation-cross between predicted value and actual value, i.e. validation-cross standard deviation RMSECV:
D, calculate checking collection sample actual value the standard deviation and the ratio of validation criteria difference, promptly relative analytical error RPD:
RPD＝SD/RMSEP
The evaluation principle is: R
2And r
2Near 1, RMSEC, RMSEP and RMSECV are more little more, and the RPD value is big more, show that the precision of prediction of model is high more.
7) near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of different testing samples in the collection feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation overall process, utilize step 3) and 4) near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of testing sample is handled, and input step 5) calibration model of being set up in calculates the key technical indexes content of testing sample.
Be a specific embodiment below.
The inventive method is applied in the chicken manure industrialized composting fermentation process.
1) as shown in Figure 2, to each stage sampling in the overall process of fermenting of certain large fowl excrement composting plant fermentation vat material, 148 parts of representative samples of collected specimens are altogether gathered the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of above-mentioned representative sample.
Instrument: Antaris type ft-nir spectrometer and integrating sphere annex that U.S. Thermo Nicolet company produces.
The condition of scanning: each representative sample repeats filling scanning 3 times, scans 32 times at every turn, gets the final spectrum of the averaged spectrum of 3 near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrums as corresponding representative sample, and the resolution of scanning is 8cm
-1, the spectral scan scope is 10000～4000cm
-1
2) water percentage, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content use national standard method determination step 1) in the selected sample, statistics sees Table 1.
Table 1
| Component | Sample number | Mean value | Minimum value | Maximal value | Standard deviation |
| Water percentage (%) | ??148 | ??56.31 | ??9.02 | ??68.21 | ??11.18 |
| Organic (%) | ??148 | ??29.54 | ??23.47 | ??51.39 | ??5.12 |
| Carbon (%) | ??148 | ??15.31 | ??11.60 | ??25.55 | ??2.58 |
| Nitrogen (%) | ??148 | ??1.12 | ??0.79 | ??2.28 | ??0.30 |
| Phosphorus (g/kg) | ??105 | ??10.15 | ??5.76 | ??27.34 | ??3.87 |
| Potassium (g/kg) | ??105 | ??13.18 | ??7.33 | ??27.95 | ??4.44 |
3) to step 2) in the spectrum gathered carry out pre-service and modeling band selection.
Through comparative analysis, when each technical indicator content of chicken manure industrial composting process sample was carried out near-infrared spectrum analysis, optimum modeling spectral range was full spectrum.Pre-service adopts the first order derivative treatment effect best, and effect sees table 2 for details.
Table 2
4) the utilization partial least square method is set up the regression model of each technical indicator content.
The utilization partial least square method is set up omnidistance each the technical indicator content regression model of chicken manure industrial composting and is verified, the result is as shown in table 3 in checking.
Table 3
5) evaluation of model
As shown in Figure 3, the evaluating of model is as follows: checking collection coefficient of determination r
2, validation criteria difference RMSEP and relative analytical error RPD.Calibration set and checking collection chemical analysis value and spectroscopic assay value correlationship scatter diagram are seen accompanying drawing 3.Among Fig. 3, A, B, C, D, E, F represent phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, carbon, organic matter, water percentage respectively, and horizontal ordinate is represented the chemical analysis value, and ordinate is represented the spectroscopic assay value, and circle is represented the calibration set sample, and checking collection sample represented in cross.As can be seen, the forecast model of being set up all has good predictive ability, and model accuracy is higher, can be used for the actual analysis purposes.
Claims (10)
1. the non-destructive monitoring method of a feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process, it may further comprise the steps:
1) utilizes the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum harvester to gather the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of each stage representative sample in the feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation overall process, and convert spectral information to corresponding numerical information;
2) according to agricultural industry relevant criterion method, determination step 1) in the key technical indexes content of selected sample as the standard content of modeling;
3) near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum that step 1) is obtained carries out pre-service;
4) from the pretreated near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of step 3), select optimum spectral band, to extract characteristic spectrum information;
5) according to step 2) in the sample standard content that records, utilize homing method and leaving-one method cross verification, set up technical indicator content model in the feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process;
6) performance of technical indicator content model is estimated in the feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process that step 5) is obtained;
7) near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of different testing samples in the collection feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation whole process, utilize step 3) and 4) near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum of testing sample is handled, and input step 5) calibration model of being set up in calculates the key technical indexes content of testing sample.
2. the non-destructive monitoring method of a kind of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the parameter that technical indicator content model comprises in the described feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation overall process has: calibration set sample number n
c, checking collection sample number n
v, the chemical analysis value of i sample is actual value y
i, the near infrared measured value z of i sample
i, the mean value y of calibration set sample actual value
c, the mean value y of checking collection sample actual value
v, the mean value y of actual value, the mean value of near infrared predicted value
The major component factor that model uses is counted k.
3. the non-destructive monitoring method of a kind of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in described step 2) in, technical indicator content comprises water percentage, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
4. the non-destructive monitoring method of a kind of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in described step 2) in, technical indicator content comprises water percentage, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.
5. as claim 1 or 2 or the non-destructive monitoring method of 3 or 4 described a kind of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process, it is characterized in that: in described step 1), the near-infrared diffuse reflection spectrum harvester comprises Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer and integrating sphere annex, each sample repeats filling scanning 3 times, each scanning 32 times, get the final spectrum of the averaged spectrum of 3 spectrum as counter sample, the resolution of scanning is 8cm
-1, the spectral scan scope is 10000～4000cm
-1
6. as claim 1 or 2 or the non-destructive monitoring method of 3 or 4 described a kind of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process, it is characterized in that: in described step 3), preprocessing procedures is at least a in level and smooth, single order or second derivative, polynary scatter correction, variable standardization, the data centerization.
7. the non-destructive monitoring method of a kind of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described step 3), preprocessing procedures is at least a in level and smooth, single order or second derivative, polynary scatter correction, variable standardization, the data centerization.
8. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or the non-destructive monitoring method of 4 or 7 described a kind of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process, it is characterized in that: in described step 5), homing method is one of principal component regression method, partial least-squares regression method, linearity and non-linear support vector machine Return Law.
9. the non-destructive monitoring method of a kind of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: in described step 5), homing method is one of principal component regression method, partial least-squares regression method, linearity and non-linear support vector machine Return Law.
10. the non-destructive monitoring method of a kind of feces of livestock and poultry industrialized composting fermentation process as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: in described step 5), homing method is one of principal component regression method, partial least-squares regression method, linearity and non-linear support vector machine Return Law.
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| CN106198447A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-12-07 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Chemical Mixed Fertilizer main component harmless quantitative detection method based on near-infrared spectrum technique |
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| CN110514618A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-29 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所 | Under the conditions of global total factor on multiple and different large-scale milch cow farms liquid dung migration paths nitrogen and phosphorus content method for quick predicting |
| CN116952893A (en) * | 2023-07-12 | 2023-10-27 | 塔里木大学 | Method for near infrared detection of humification degree in pig manure composting process |
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