CN101760674A - Roll forming technique of board made of NiAl-based composite material - Google Patents
Roll forming technique of board made of NiAl-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation process of a novel composite material, in particular to a roll forming technique of a board made of an NiAl-based composite material, which comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing a board made of an aluminium base composite material reinforced by ceramic particles; (2) preparing a nickel-aluminum composite board; and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the nickel-aluminum composite board. The invention solves the preparation problem of the board of the NiAl-based composite material and is mainly applied to the roll forming of the board made of the NiAl-based composite material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new composite material preparation process, relate in particular to, be mainly used in the processing and preparing of NiAl based composites.
Background technology
Long-range order intermetallic compound NiAl is a β phase electron compound, and fusing point is 1638 ℃, and density is 8.902g/cm3, and Young's modulus is 294Gpa, and thermal conductivity is 70～80W/mK in 20～1100 ℃, is 4～8 times of nickel base superalloy.The NiAl alloy has advantage such as high-temperature oxidation resistance and erosion resistance preferably.The NiAl alloy is expected to replace existing Ni-based and iron-base superalloy as high-temperature structural material, is applied in higher temperature and the worse environment.
The foundry goods of NiAl base alloy and the parts such as blade that forging is mainly used in the aerospace engine; And the TiAl based alloy plate directly is used as the structured material in space flight and military field in large quantities except being expected to, can also be as the preliminary shaping material of superplastic forming, and the component of preparation aerospace engine and the wing of super speed vehicle and housing etc.The preparation of NiAl based alloy plate is one of of paramount importance problem in the NiAl base alloy practical research.Yet because NiAl base alloy has essential fragility, the difficulty of preparation NiAl based alloy plate is very big.In addition, lower room temperature strength, plasticity and the toughness of NiAl base alloy has also limited its practical application.
In recent decades, NiAl base alloy is that the focus high-temperature structural material that a large amount of man power and materials develop research is paid special attention to and dropped in countries in the world always.Aspect fundamental research, two aspects that focus is concentrated: the first, by proposing new complete processing (special rolled technology, powder metallurgy activation processing technology, rolling casting technology and plasma spraying etc.), improve the forming property of NiAl based alloy plate; The second, by adding alloying element or introducing ceramic enhancement phase, further improve NiAl base alloy at room temperature and hot strength and modulus, improve the use temperature of alloy, improve the plasticity of material simultaneously.
Grow up nearly decades utilizes the rolling compound and heat treatment technics of pure nickel and pure aluminum foil multilayer to prepare NiAl base alloy sheets method, for new approach has been opened up in the preparation and the application of NiAl based alloy plate, the research of this respect is subjected to the U.S., Germany and Italy etc. are the attention that main research is made the country prosperous, and are one of important development trend of NiAl based alloy plate research.
The document of having delivered shows, the subject matter that the research of adopting the rolling compound and heat treatment technics of multilayer to prepare NiAl base alloy multilayer composite sheet exists at present is: the plastic deformation resistance of l, nickel and aluminium differs greatly, in the multilayer composite board operation of rolling, can not guarantee the compatible deformation of nickel and aluminium, the homogeneity of structure of the NiAl based alloy plate that obtains and controllability can not be guaranteed; 2,, inevitably in resulting NiAl based alloy plate, have bigger interior oxidative phenomena, and dense structure's property can not be guaranteed because employing nickel foil and aluminium foil are starting materials; 3, interface element diffusion and the quantitative control problem of interfacial chemical reaction.
The NiAl based composites has better specific tenacity, specific rigidity and resistance to elevated temperatures than the basic alloy of NiAl.Therefore, use more extensive at Aeronautics and Astronautics and military field.The practicability of NiAl based composites can increase substantially the lightness and the high performance process of aircraft and weaponry.The NiAl based composite material sheet material is with performances such as its excellent more lightweight, high-strength, heat-resisting, shapings, in Aeronautics and Astronautics and military field heat resistant structure and thermal protection system structure, the important application prospect is arranged, in a lot of heat resistant structures of high-performance aerospace engine and parts, significant application value is arranged.
In order further to improve in NiAl base alloy at room temperature and the high temperature and mechanical property, people have proposed the composite toughening method again.By in NiAl base alloy, adding the non-continuous ceramics phase, prepare the NiAl based composites, can obviously improve the comprehensive mechanical property of NiAl base alloy.But utilize currently used composite material preparation process, can only prepare block NiAl based composites, can not realize the preparation of NiAl based composite material sheet material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to plastic deformation resistance's performance characteristics of utilizing ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material close with the pure nickel plate, solve two-phase compatibility of deformation problem in the multi-layered board rolling deformation process, realize bigger rolling reduction thus, thereby can adopt the bigger sheet material of thickness is raw material, solves the interior oxidation and the compactness problem of composite sheet; Simultaneously, utilize the good plastic forming ability of aluminum matrix composite and pure nickel, obtain needed sheet material by rolling deformation, utilize the chemical reaction between the aluminium nickel again, by rolling postheat treatment, original position is synthesized the NiAl alloy, obtains the NiAl based composite material sheet material, solves the preparation problem of NiAl based composite material sheet material.
The objective of the invention is to realize as follows:
A kind of NiAl based composite material sheet material roll forming technology is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) prepares ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite by ceramic particle and aluminum substrate;
(2) preparation of nickel aluminum composite plate material is that nickel is rolled distortion with the ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material of step (1) gained;
(3) the nickel aluminum composite plate material that step (2) is obtained is heat-treated.
Described ceramic particle comprises TiB2 or titanium carbide granule, preferred titanium diboride particle; Described aluminum substrate comprises pure aluminium powder or Al alloy powder, preferred pure aluminium powder.
Wherein, the median size of titanium diboride particle is 3-9 μ m, preferred 6 μ m, and the median size of pure aluminium powder is 24-34 μ m, preferred 29 μ m.
Described ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material is to adopt the powder metallurgic method preparation, comprises the steps:
A, ball milling mix powder: the aluminum substrate powder of 80-95 parts by volume and the ceramic particle of 5-20 parts by volume are added in the mixed powder machine, mix the material powder that powder obtains mixing by ball milling;
B, hot pressed sintering: the material powder that mixes is packed in the graphite jig, coldmoulding, put it in the vacuum hotpressing stove then, being evacuated to vacuum tightness is 0.01-0.03, then is heated to 550-620 ℃, and keep-uping pressure is 20-30MPa, dwell time is 60-120min, stove is cooled to room temperature then, moves back mould, obtains ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite blank;
C, rolling deformation: under 200～500 ℃ of conditions, gained ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite blank rolling is become thin plate, carry out anneal then, obtain the ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material plate of 1-2mm thickness.
The preparation technology of the described nickel aluminum composite plate of step (2) material is specially: under 200～500 ℃ of conditions, and with described ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite plate and pure nickel plate with same thickness, alternative stacked, described layer is freely selected according to desired thickness; Under 200～500 ℃ of conditions, obtain having the hot pressing multilayer composite board of certain bonding strength by hot pressing; Under 200～500 ℃ of conditions, the hot pressing multilayer composite board that obtains is carried out hot rolling handle, obtaining thickness is the nickel aluminum composite plate of 1～5mm, the purity of wherein said pure nickel plate is greater than 99%.
The described thermal treatment of step (3) comprises the steps: that it is under the 0.01-0.03 environment that described nickel aluminum composite plate material is placed vacuum tightness, applies the pressure of 5～25MPa simultaneously, heat-treats under 500～700 ℃ of conditions.
By the NiAl based composite material sheet material of technology preparation of the present invention, homogeneous microstructure is fine and close and have certain bonding strength, can be applied to various fields widely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 for the NiAl based composite material sheet material for preparing with NiAl based composite material sheet material roll forming technology of the present invention through thermal treatment, the pattern photo after 2 hours of annealing.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, it should be understood that these embodiment only are used for the purpose of illustration, never limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The ceramic particle that the concrete case study on implementation of preparation of ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite is selected for use is TiB
2Particle, granularity are 6 μ m; Aluminum substrate is pure Al powder, and purity is greater than 99%, and granularity is 29 μ m; Nickel is the pure nickel plate, and thickness is 1mm, and purity is greater than 99%.
1, the preparation of ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite
(1) ball milling mixes powder: with parts by volume is that 95 fine aluminium and parts by volume are 5 TiB
2Particle is put into the powder machine that mixes, and mixes powder by ball milling and it is mixed the material powder that obtains mixing.
(2) hot pressed sintering: the material powder that mixes is packed in the graphite jig, and vacuum hotpressing stove is put in coldmoulding again, and being evacuated to vacuum tightness is 0.01Pa, is heated to 600 ℃ then, 25MPa pressure, dwell time 120min.Stove is cooled to room temperature then, moves back mould, the aluminum matrix composite blank that gets.
(3) rolling deformation: under 200 ℃ of conditions, the aluminum matrix composite blank rolling is become the thick thin plate of 1mm, carry out anneal then, obtain the aluminum matrix composite plate.
2, the preparation of nickel aluminum composite plate material: under 500 ℃ of conditions, with aluminum matrix composite plate and the pure nickel plate alternative stacked with same thickness, total number of plies is 8 layers, under 500 ℃ of conditions, obtains the hot pressing multilayer composite board by hot pressing; Under 200 ℃ of conditions, the hot pressing multilayer composite board that obtains is carried out hot rolling handle, obtaining thickness is the nickel aluminum composite plate material of 1mm.
3, thermal treatment: it is under the environment of 0.01Pa that nickel aluminum composite plate material is placed vacuum tightness, apply the pressure of 5MPa simultaneously, under 500 ℃ of conditions, heat-treat, make al and ni generation chemical reaction, original position is synthesized the NiAl alloy, thereby obtains the titanium diboride particle enhanced NiAl based composite material sheet material of homogeneous microstructure densification.
Embodiment 2
The ceramic particle that the concrete case study on implementation of the preparation of ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material is selected for use is a titanium carbide granule, and granularity is 3 μ m, and aluminum substrate is a pure aluminium powder, and purity is greater than 99%, and granularity is 24 μ m, and nickel is the pure nickel plate, and thickness is 2mm, and purity is greater than 99%.
1, the preparation of ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material
(1) ball milling mixes powder: with parts by volume is that 20 titanium carbide and parts by volume are that 80 aluminum particulate is put into the powder machine that mixes, and mixes powder by ball milling and it is mixed the material powder that obtains mixing.
(2) vacuum heating-press sintering: the material powder that mixes is packed in the graphite jig, coldmoulding is put into vacuum hotpressing stove again and is carried out hot pressed sintering, and being specially and at first being evacuated to vacuum tightness is 0.03Pa, is heated to 550 ℃ then, 20MPa pressure, dwell time 60min.Stove is cooled to room temperature subsequently, moves back mould, promptly obtains the aluminum matrix composite blank.
(3) rolling deformation: under 500 ℃ of conditions, the aluminum matrix composite blank rolling is become the thick thin plate of 2mm, carry out anneal then.
2, the preparation of nickel aluminum composite plate material: under 200 ℃ of conditions, with aluminum matrix composite plate and the pure nickel plate alternative stacked with same thickness, total number of plies is 8 layers, under 200 ℃ of conditions, obtains the hot pressing multilayer composite board by hot pressing; Under 500 ℃ of conditions, the hot pressing multilayer composite board that obtains is carried out hot rolling handle, obtaining thickness is the nickel aluminum composite plate material of 5mm.
3, nickel aluminum composite plate material being placed vacuum tightness is under the environment of 0.03Pa, apply the pressure of 25MPa simultaneously, under 650 ℃ of conditions, heat-treat, make al and ni generation chemical reaction, original position is synthesized the NiAl alloy, thereby obtains the titanium diboride particle enhanced NiAl based composite material sheet material of homogeneous microstructure densification.
Embodiment 3
The ceramic particle that the concrete case study on implementation of preparation of ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite is selected for use is TiB
2Particle, granularity are 9 μ m, and aluminum substrate is a pure aluminium powder, and purity is greater than 99%, and granularity is 34 μ m, and nickel is the pure nickel plate, and the nickel plate thickness is 1mm, and purity is greater than 99%.
1, the preparation of ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite
(1) ball milling mixes powder: with parts by volume is that 90 pure aluminium powder and parts by volume are 10 TiB
2Particle is put into the powder machine that mixes, and mixes powder by ball milling and it is mixed the material powder that obtains mixing.
(2) hot pressed sintering: the material powder that mixes is packed in the graphite jig, and vacuum hotpressing stove is put in coldmoulding again, and being evacuated to vacuum tightness is 0.02Pa, is heated to 620 ℃ then, 30MPa pressure, dwell time 90min.Cool to room temperature then with the furnace, move back mould, the aluminum matrix composite blank that gets.
(3) rolling deformation: under 350 ℃ of conditions, the aluminum matrix composite blank rolling is become the thick thin plate of 1mm, carry out anneal then, obtain the aluminum matrix composite plate.
2, the preparation of nickel aluminum composite plate material: under 300 ℃ of conditions, with aluminum matrix composite plate and the pure nickel plate alternative stacked with same thickness, total number of plies is 8 layers, under 350 ℃ of conditions, obtains the hot pressing multilayer composite board by hot pressing; Under 300 ℃ of conditions, the hot pressing multilayer composite board that obtains is carried out hot rolling handle, obtaining thickness is the nickel aluminum composite plate material of 3mm.
3, thermal treatment: it is under the environment of 0.02Pa that nickel aluminum composite plate material is placed vacuum tightness, apply the pressure of 20MPa simultaneously, under 600 ℃ of conditions, heat-treat, make al and ni generation chemical reaction, original position is synthesized the NiAl alloy, thereby the titanium diboride particle that obtains the homogeneous microstructure densification strengthens the NiAl based composite material sheet material.
Fig. 1 be embodiment 1 preparation nickel aluminium multi-ply wood after heat treatment, the pattern photo after 2 hours of annealing.Wherein, white portion is the pure nickel plate, and black region is the titanium diboride particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites.As can be seen, the interface of nickel and aluminum matrix composite is comparatively straight, in conjunction with better, and responding layer about 10um occurred.Through calculating, 40 hours annealing just can be made particle and be strengthened nickel aluminum-based composite material.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, only is illustrative for the purpose of the present invention, and nonrestrictive.Those skilled in the art is understood, and can carry out many changes to it in the spirit and scope that claim of the present invention limited, revise, even equivalence, but all will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a NiAl based composite material sheet material roll forming technology is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) prepares ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite by ceramic particle and aluminum substrate;
(2) preparation of nickel aluminum composite plate material is that the ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite with nickel and step (1) gained is rolled distortion;
(3) the nickel aluminum composite plate material that step (2) is obtained is heat-treated.
2. according to the described NiAl based composite material sheet material of claim 1 roll forming technology, it is characterized in that: described ceramic particle comprises TiB2 or titanium carbide granule; Described aluminum substrate comprises pure aluminium powder or Al alloy powder.
3. according to the described NiAl based composite material sheet material of claim 2 roll forming technology, it is characterized in that: described ceramic particle is a titanium diboride particle, and described aluminum substrate is a pure aluminium powder.
4. according to the described NiAl based composite material sheet material of claim 3 roll forming technology, it is characterized in that: the median size of titanium diboride particle is 3-9 μ m, and the median size of pure aluminium powder is 24-34 μ m.
5. according to the described NiAl based composite material sheet material of claim 4 roll forming technology, it is characterized in that: the median size of titanium diboride particle is 6 μ m, and the median size of pure aluminium powder is 29 μ m.
6. according to the described NiAl based composite material sheet material of claim 1 roll forming technology, it is characterized in that: described ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite is to adopt the powder metallurgic method preparation.
7. according to the described NiAl based composite material sheet material of claim 6 roll forming technology, it is characterized in that described powder metallurgic method comprises the steps:
A, ball milling mix powder: the aluminum substrate powder of 80-95 parts by volume and the ceramic particle of 5-20 parts by volume are added in the mixed powder machine, mix the material powder that powder obtains mixing by ball milling;
B, hot pressed sintering: the above-mentioned material powder that mixes is packed in the graphite jig, coldmoulding, put it in the vacuum hotpressing stove then, being evacuated to vacuum tightness is 0.01-0.03, then is heated to 550-620 ℃, and keep-uping pressure is 20-30MPa, dwell time is 60-120min, cool to room temperature then with the furnace, move back mould, obtain ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite blank;
C, rolling deformation: under 200～500 ℃ of conditions, gained ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material blank rolling is become thin plate, carry out anneal then, obtaining thickness is the ceramic particle enhanced aluminum matrix composite plate of 1-2mm.
8. according to the described NiAl based composite material sheet material of claim 1 roll forming technology, it is characterized in that: the preparation of the described nickel aluminum composite plate of step (2) material is specially: under 200～500 ℃ of conditions, with described ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material plate and pure nickel plate with same thickness, alternative stacked, under 200～500 ℃ of conditions, obtain the hot pressing multilayer composite board by hot pressing; Described layer is freely selected according to desired thickness; Under 200～500 ℃ of conditions, the hot pressing multilayer composite board that obtains is carried out hot rolling handle, obtaining thickness is the nickel aluminum composite plate material of 1～5mm, the purity of wherein said pure nickel plate is greater than 99%.
9. according to the described NiAl based composite material sheet material of claim 1 roll forming technology, it is characterized in that: the described thermal treatment of step (3) is that described nickel aluminum composite plate material is placed vacuum tightness is under the 0.01-0.03 environment, apply the pressure of 5～25MPa simultaneously, under 500～700 ℃ of conditions, heat-treat.
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