CN101759290A - Device and method for rapidly realizing and stably maintaining shortcut nitrification in continuous flow process - Google Patents
Device and method for rapidly realizing and stably maintaining shortcut nitrification in continuous flow process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A device for realizing and maintaining shortcut nitrification in a continuous flow process is successively provided with a water inlet tank, an aeration system and a precipitation system, wherein the water inlet tank is communicated with a completely hybrid reaction tank through an intake pump and the completely hybrid reaction tank is communicated with a precipitation tank through a pipeline. The reaction tank is provided with a DO probe and a pH probe. Data is transmitted to a PLC control system through a DO\pH online detecting instrument and the PLC control system is connected with an air compressor. In an intermittent starting stage, the PLC control system can timely close a switch of the air compressor according to variation characteristics of DO and pH values. In a stable maintenance stage, the PLC control system can adjust an opening or a rotational speed of the air compressor in real time and control a DO concentration in the reaction tank within an optimized scope. This invention realizes rapid starting and stable maintenance of the shortcut nitrification and resolves a problem that starting of the shortcut nitrification in the continuous flow process is difficult in treating municipal sewage and the shortcut nitrification is difficult to be re-implemented. The invention is mainly used to realize the shortcut nitrification of the municipal sewage or wastewater containing high ammonia nitrogen in the continuous flow process, and saves the aeration energy consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of activated sludge process bio-denitrifying sewage, especially utilize process control in the continuous flow sewage treatment process, to start fast and the method for stably maintaining shortcut nitrification.
Background technology
Wastewater treatment in China factory adopts continuous flow process Treating Municipal Sewage or organic industrial sewage more, and the municipal wastewater treatment plant aeration energy consumption accounts for 50% of all working costs of Sewage Plant, and the working cost of sewage disposal is huge, secular.
Traditional nitration denitrification denitrogenation technology mainly was divided into for two steps, promptly by nitrification ammonia nitrogen was converted into nitrate nitrogen, by denitrification nitrate nitrogen was converted into nitrogen again and overflowed from water.And in the nitrated stage, ammonia nitrogen (NH
4 +-N) at first be converted into nitrite nitrogen (NO by ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB)
2 --N), by NOB (NOB) nitrite nitrogen is converted into nitrate nitrogen (NO then
3 --N).The final product of nitrification is NO in biological denitrification process
3 --N, denitrification is also with NO
3 --N is an electron acceptor(EA).And the ultimate principle of short distance nitration-denitrification biological denitrogenation is controlled at NO with nitrifying process exactly
2 -In-N the stage, stop NO
2 --N's is further nitrated, directly carries out NO then
2 -The denitrification of-N.Since short distance nitration-denitrification process need through in the biological denitrification process by by NO
2 -→ NO
3 -Again by NO
3 -→ NO
2 -Step, its traditional nitration denitrification denitrogenation technology needs a large amount of oxygen at aeration phase, also a lot of and produce a large amount of mud, have long reaction times and bigger shortcomings such as reaction volume in the requirement of denitrification stage carbon source.
At present, the bottleneck that restriction short distance nitration-denitrification is applied is that short distance nitration is difficult to quick startup, and long term maintenance is comparatively difficult.Realize the key point stablize short-cut nitrification and denitrification is how to prevent the further conversion of aerobic stage nitrous acid nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, and long-term stability is kept short-cut denitrification and is depended on the enrichment that whether can realize ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) and the elutriation of nitrous acid oxidation bacterium (NOB).Existing most short distance nitration-denitrification mainly just is achieved under conditions such as high temperature, high pH, high free ammonia, and common municipal sewage plant does not possess these conditions, so short distance nitration-denitrification denitrogenation technology is applied to the processing of sludge digestion liquid and percolate more.Secondly, the mainly successfully realization in intermittent activated sludge process (SBR) of this technology, and in Continuous Flow, be difficult to realize short distance nitration in the Treating Municipal Sewage.Because influence factor is more in the continuous flow reactor, water quality and quantity and each controlled variable thereof change greatly, are difficult to realize short distance nitration-denitrification, even realize also can only short-term keeping, operation steady in a long-term is difficulty comparatively.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates in a kind of continuous flow process to realize fast and the apparatus and method of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification, solved short distance nitration-denitrification process is started fast and in reaction tank continuously, the technical barrier of stable maintenance.Solve the high problem of aeration energy consumption in the sewage water denitrification processing, realized the efficient processing of municipal effluent.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: realize the also device of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification in a kind of continuous flow process fast, according to order from feed-water end to the water side, set gradually inlet chest, aerating system and settling system, it is characterized in that: described inlet chest is communicated with complete hybrid reaction tank through intake pump, the water outlet of complete hybrid reaction tank top is communicated with settling tank through pipeline, the top of settling tank is connected with system's water outlet, splash pan is set in the settling tank, the bottom of settling tank connects the excess sludge mouth, and the bottom of settling tank also is communicated with complete hybrid reaction tank through mud return line and sludge reflux pump;
Be provided with DO probe, pH probe and aeration head in the complete hybrid reaction tank, DO probe, pH probe through DO the pH on-line detector table DO that gathers and pH data are sent to the PLC Controlling System by data line signal input part, the signal output part of described PLC Controlling System is connected with the trip switch of air compressor, be connected with each aeration head through gas meter, and regulate the interior aeration rate of complete hybrid reaction tank.
Described complete hybrid reaction tank and settling tank can be communicated with or disconnect by dismounting pipeline or valve-off.
The unloading phase of intermittence, when ammonia nitrogen degradation fast near fully the time, described PLC Controlling System can according to DO pH on-line detector the table DO and the pH numerical value change feature of monitoring in real time, in time close the switch of air compressor.
In the continuous operation phase, described PLC Controlling System can according to DO the real-time size of the DO concentration value of monitoring of pH on-line detector table, adjust the aperture of air compressor, the DO concentration of controlling in the complete hybrid reaction tank maintains between the 0.8-1.5mg/L.
Described settling tank is the radical sedimentation basin of center water inlet, peripheral effluent, and its water inlet pipe is at the center, and effluent weir is at periphery.
Realize the also method of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification device in a kind of continuous flow process fast, it is characterized in that step is as follows: step 1, at first complete hybrid reaction tank is not connected with second pond, the active sludge that contains nitrifier is added in the complete hybrid reaction tank, carry out the domestication at intermittence and the cultivation of bacterial classification.
Step 9 continuously the operation phase, is monitored the NH in the water outlet every day
4 +-N, NO
2 --N and NO
3 --N concentration, by the PLC Controlling System according to the water inlet NH
4 +The variation of-N concentration and flooding velocity, the rotating speed or the aperture of regulating air compressor are controlled suitable DO concentration and are kept the interior short distance nitration effect of complete hybrid reaction tank.The DO concentration difference that different hydraulic detention times is corresponding down can be found out hydraulic detention time and the corresponding DO concentration value that is fit to stably maintaining shortcut nitrification by test.The set(ting)value of DO controller is by DO measured value in the reaction tank, and the output valve of water outlet ammonia nitrogen controller and nitrous accumulation rate controller decides jointly, can guarantee that the water outlet ammonia nitrogen concentration is up to standard, again the higher nitrous accumulation rate of stable maintenance.When handling city domestic sewage, general DO concentration is set in the 0.8-1.5mg/L scope.
The cultivation domestication stage in the described step 1 is 30 days to 60 days.
Activated sludge concentration in the complete hybrid reaction tank in the described step 1 maintains 2000mg/L-3000mg/L.
Draining in the described step 3 is than being 0.5-0.8.
Part mud in the described step 10 is the ratio in flooding velocity 50% to 100%.
Compared with prior art the present invention has following characteristics and beneficial effect: along with showing especially of shortage of water resources and energy dilemma; the energy-efficient processing of city domestic sewage has become the direction of the sector development; and the present invention has saved in the biological denitrification process by NO for complete nitrification-denitrification
2 -→ NO
3 -Again by NO
3 -→ NO
2 -Step, the nitrated stage can be saved 25% aeration rate, the denitrification stage can reduce by 40% organic carbon source, have advantages such as higher denitrification rate, less reaction volume and sludge yield be low simultaneously, the present invention is by controlling the aerobic reaction times in real time, make nitration reaction stop at the ammonia oxidation stage, can promote the growth of AOB and the activity of inhibition NOB, after for some time domestication, the NOB sludge system that just is eliminated out, and AOB becomes main Nitrobacter, thereby makes sludge system reach short distance nitration effect steady in a long-term.It is short, efficient and be difficult for characteristics such as destroyed that this method has start time.With energy-saving and cost-reducing is purpose, the present invention have operational administrative simple and easy, use manpower and material resources sparingly, reduce the aeration energy consumption of municipal effluent, and the working cost of municipal wastewater treatment plant saved 5% at least.The invention enables the realization of short-cut denitrification technology in the Continuous Flow reaction tank to become possibility, more the realization of other continuous flow reactor system short-cut denitrifications provides reference.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an apparatus structure synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the typical change figure that the present invention adopts aerobic aeration to control in real time to realize pollutent and controlled variable in the short distance nitration process.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention adopts the design sketch that intermittently starts short distance nitration fast.
Fig. 4 is the design sketch that the present invention adopts stably maintaining shortcut nitrification.
Fig. 5 is the control flow chart that the present invention adopts stably maintaining shortcut nitrification.
Fig. 6 is the basic structure synoptic diagram of Controlling System of the present invention and data acquisition process.
Reference numeral: 1-inlet chest, 2-aerating system, 3-settling system, 4-mud return line, 5-PCL Controlling System, 6-intake pump, the complete hybrid reaction tank of 7-, 8-aeration head, 9-air compressor, 10-gas meter, 11-DO pH on-line monitoring instrument, 12-DO probe, 13-pH probe, 14-settling tank, 15-system water outlet, 16-splash pan, 17-excess sludge mouth, 18-sludge reflux pump.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one realizes the also device of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification fast referring to shown in Figure 1 in a kind of continuous flow process, according to the order from feed-water end to the water side, set gradually inlet chest 1, aerating system 2 and settling system 3.Described inlet chest 1 is communicated with complete hybrid reaction tank 7 through intake pump 6, and the water outlet of complete hybrid reaction tank 7 tops is communicated with settling tank 14 through pipeline, can also by adjusting the position at the mouth of a river, regulate the volume of complete hybrid reaction tank according to the test needs.Settling tank 14 is the radical sedimentation basin of center water inlet, peripheral effluent, and its water inlet pipe is at the center, and effluent weir is at periphery and be connected with system's water outlet 15.Splash pan 16 is set in the settling tank, and the bottom of settling tank connects excess sludge mouth 17 and gets rid of a part of mud, and another part mud returns in the complete hybrid reaction tank 7 through mud return line 4 and sludge reflux pump 18.
Referring to shown in Figure 6, be provided with DO probe 12, pH probe 13 and aeration head 5 in the complete hybrid reaction tank 7, in real time the changing conditions of pH and DO in the monitoring reaction device.DO probe 12, pH probe 13 through DO pH on-line detector table 11 DO and the pH data of gathering are sent to the signal input part of PLC Controlling System 5 by data line, and deposit in the internal-storage.The controller of described PLC Controlling System 5 is connected by the trip switch of signal output part with air compressor 9, is connected with each aeration head 8 through gas meter 10 again.Aeration head adopts the sand burning head as micro-pore aeration.The unloading phase of intermittence, can judge whether the ammonia oxidation process is complete according to the unique point on the pH curve, in the continuous operation phase, set up proportional-integral-differential (PID) Controlling System, arithmetical unit in the system returns operation result to internal-storage, spreads out of by output equipment, refers again to DO concentration in the on-line monitoring reactor, and control aeration rate by the aperture that the controller of PLC system is regulated air compressor in real time, so that keep required DO concentration.Can regulate flooding velocity and returned sluge flow by rotating speed or the change pump line caliber of regulating peristaltic pump again.
Embodiment two is referring to shown in Figure 3, and the quick startup of short distance nitration is former water with Beijing colleges and universities biotope cesspool sewage, water inlet COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (COD=160-320mg/L, NH
4 +-N=46.8-75.6mg/L, TN=49.4-85.4mg/L), experimental stage COD, NH
4 +The average influent concentration of-N and TN is 215mg/L, 59.7mg/L and 64.5mg/L.
By the unique point on monitoring aerobic stage pH of phase weekly and the DO curve, utilize the real-time control of aerobic aeration in time to stop aeration, engendered tangible NO weekly in the end of term reaction tank
2 --N accumulation.In the intermittence culturing process, 24 days have only been used, the NO of reaction tank
2 --N accumulation rate (NAR) just from originally 51.7% rise to 95.2%.
Embodiment three is referring to shown in Figure 4, and the stable maintenance of short distance nitration in Continuous Flow is former water with Beijing colleges and universities biotope cesspool sewage, water inlet COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (COD=160-320mg/L, NH
4 +-N=46.8-75.6mg/L, TN=49.4-85.4mg/L).Adopt the device that the present invention mentioned, the hydraulic detention time of complete hybrid reaction tank (HRT) is set at 4h, and return sludge ratio is 100%.The stable maintenance of this technology short distance nitration is tested as the controlled variable of complete hybrid reaction tank with dissolved oxygen (DO).
Experimental stage COD, NH
4 +The average influent concentration of-N and TN is 215mg/L, 59.7mg/L and 64.5mg/L.Duration of test, by on-line monitoring DO concentration, and according to water outlet NH
4 +-N and NO
2 --N concentration adjustment aeration rate.When control DO about 1.5mg/L, realized not only in this device that the water outlet ammonia nitrogen concentration is lower than 5mg/L, but again stable maintenance nitrosification accumulation rate on 85%.Behind the stable realization of the complete hybrid reaction tank short distance nitration, average water outlet NH
4 +-N, NO
2 --N, NO
3 --N concentration is respectively 1.57mg/L, 31.87mg/L, 3.84mg/L, and average nitrosification accumulation rate is 89.4%.
Realize the also method of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification device in a kind of continuous flow process fast, step is as follows: step 1, at first complete hybrid reaction tank 7 is not connected with second pond 14, the active sludge that contains nitrifier is added in the complete hybrid reaction tank 7, carry out the domestication at intermittence and the cultivation of bacterial classification; Activated sludge concentration in the complete hybrid reaction tank 7 maintains 2000mg/L-3000mg/L.
Step 9 continuously the operation phase, is monitored the NH in the water outlet every day
4 +-N, NO
2 --N and NO
3 --N concentration, by the PLC Controlling System according to the water inlet NH
4 +The variation of-N concentration and flooding velocity, the rotating speed or the aperture of regulating air compressor are controlled suitable DO concentration and are kept the interior short distance nitration effect of complete hybrid reaction tank.The DO concentration difference that different hydraulic detention times is corresponding down can be found out hydraulic detention time and the corresponding DO concentration value that is fit to stably maintaining shortcut nitrification by test.The set(ting)value of DO controller is by DO measured value in the reaction tank, the output valve of water outlet ammonia nitrogen controller and nitrous accumulation rate controller decides jointly, can guarantee that the water outlet ammonia nitrogen concentration is up to standard, the higher nitrous accumulation rate of stable maintenance again, when handling city domestic sewage, generally set DO concentration and be set in the 0.8-1.5mg/L scope.(as shown in Figure 5).
Claims (10)
1. realize the also device of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification fast in a continuous flow process,, set gradually inlet chest (1), aerating system (2) and settling system (3), it is characterized in that according to order from feed-water end to the water side:
Described inlet chest (1) is communicated with complete hybrid reaction tank (7) through intake pump (6), the water outlet of complete hybrid reaction tank (7) top is communicated with settling tank (14) through pipeline, the top of settling tank (14) is connected with system's water outlet (15), splash pan (16) is set in the settling tank (14), the bottom of settling tank (14) connects excess sludge mouth (17), and the bottom of settling tank (14) also is communicated with complete hybrid reaction tank (7) through mud return line (4) and sludge reflux pump (18);
Be provided with DO probe (12), pH pop one's head in (13) and aeration head (5) in the complete hybrid reaction tank (7), DO probe (12), pH probe (13) through DO pH on-line detector table (11) DO that gathers and pH data are sent to PLC Controlling System (5) by data line signal input part, the signal output part of described PLC Controlling System (5) is connected with the trip switch of air compressor (9), be connected with each aeration head (8) through gas meter (10), and regulate the interior aeration rate of complete hybrid reaction tank (7).
2. realize fast in the root continuous flow process according to claim 1 and the device of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification that it is characterized in that: described complete hybrid reaction tank (7) and settling tank (14) can be communicated with or disconnection by the dismounting pipeline.
3. realize the also device of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification in the continuous flow process according to claim 1 fast, it is characterized in that: the unloading phase of intermittence, when ammonia nitrogen degradation fast near fully the time, described PLC Controlling System (5) can according to DO pH on-line detector table (11) the in real time DO and the pH numerical value change feature of monitoring, the switch of in time closing air compressor (9).
4. realize the also device of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification in the continuous flow process according to claim 1 fast, it is characterized in that: in the continuous operation phase, described PLC Controlling System (5) can according to DO the real-time size of the DO concentration value of monitoring of pH on-line detector table (11), adjust the aperture of air compressor (9), the DO concentration of controlling in the complete hybrid reaction tank (7) maintains between the 0.8-1.5mg/L.
5. realize the also device of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification in the continuous flow process according to claim 1 fast, it is characterized in that: described settling tank (14) is the radical sedimentation basin of center water inlet, peripheral effluent, and its water inlet pipe is at the center, and effluent weir is at periphery.
6. an application rights requires the also method of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification device that realizes fast in the described continuous flow process of 1-5, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 1 at first is not connected complete hybrid reaction tank (7) with second pond (14), the active sludge that contains nitrifier is added in the complete hybrid reaction tank (7), carries out the domestication at intermittence and the cultivation of bacterial classification;
Step 2 is provided with pH probe (13) and DO probe (12) in complete hybrid reaction tank, with raw waste water be added into fast complete hybrid reaction tank (7) interior and with the active sludge thorough mixing;
Step 3 is opened air compressor (9) to complete hybrid reaction tank bubbling air, and the phase adds the sewage of respective volume fast with pump weekly, and is monitored the change curve of pH and DO concentration value in the aeration nitrifying process in real time by PLC Controlling System (5);
Step 4, ammonia paddy (being that pH becomes the point that rises by reducing) appears at the pH change curve, when DO hop point appears in DO concentration value change curve (the zooming point of DO rate of curve), PLC Controlling System (5) is to air compressor (7) output closing control signal, make each aeration head (8) in time stop aeration, facilitate NO
2 -The accumulation of-N is controlled at nitrite nitrogen (NO with nitrifying process
2 --N) stage;
Step 5 is got rid of the mixed solution that overflows in the complete hybrid reaction tank, prevents next cycle nitrite nitrogen (NO
2 --N) further be converted into nitrate nitrogen NO
3 --N;
Step 6 was controlled the interior sludge age of complete hybrid reaction tank within 20 days, and NOB (NOB) is eluriated away in complete hybrid reaction tank gradually; Repeating step one makes NO to the described operating process of step 5
2 -The accumulation rate of-N rises to more than 90%, and makes ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB) become the interior advantage nitrifier of complete hybrid reaction tank;
Step 7, after the advantage accumulation of stable accumulation that realizes nitrite by the method for intermittently cultivating combination control in real time and ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB), complete hybrid reaction tank is connected with settling tank, makes it become continuous flow process, having a rest into during changing weekly, water is to intake continuously every day;
Step 8, by intake pump with raw waste water from the inlet chest pump to complete hybrid reaction tank, under the aeration effect, mix with the returned sluge of 50%-100%, the rotating speed of control air compressor, adjust the DO concentration in the complete hybrid reaction tank, guarantee to prevent that extended aeration from causing NO under the water outlet ammonia nitrogen situation up to standard
2 --N is to NO
3 -The transition of-N and conversion;
Step 9 continuously the operation phase, is monitored the NH in the water outlet every day
4 +-N, NO
2 --N and NO
3 --N concentration, by the PLC Controlling System according to the water inlet NH
4 +The variation of-N concentration and flooding velocity, the rotating speed or the aperture of regulating air compressor are controlled suitable DO concentration and are kept the interior short distance nitration effect of complete hybrid reaction tank;
The DO concentration difference that different hydraulic detention times is corresponding down can be found out hydraulic detention time and the corresponding DO concentration value that is fit to stably maintaining shortcut nitrification by test;
The set(ting)value of DO controller is by DO measured value in the reaction tank, the output valve of water outlet ammonia nitrogen controller and nitrous accumulation rate controller decides jointly, can guarantee that the water outlet ammonia nitrogen concentration is up to standard, the higher nitrous accumulation rate of stable maintenance again, when handling city domestic sewage, generally set DO concentration and be set in the 0.8-1.5mg/L scope;
Step 10, the processed water that overflows from complete hybrid reaction tank enters settling tank and carries out mud-water separation, supernatant liquor is discharged from system's water outlet (15), and part mud is back to complete hybrid reaction tank through sludge reflux pump (18), and all the other mud are discharged through excess sludge mouth (17).
7. realize the also method of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification in the continuous flow process according to claim 6 fast, it is characterized in that the cultivation domestication stage in the described step 1 is 30 days to 60 days.
8. realize the also method of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification in the continuous flow process according to claim 6 fast, it is characterized in that the activated sludge concentration in the complete hybrid reaction tank in the described step 1 maintains 2000mg/L-3000mg/L.
9. realize the also device of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification in the continuous flow process according to claim 6 fast, it is characterized in that: the draining in the described step 3 is than being 0.5-0.8.
10. realize the also device of stably maintaining shortcut nitrification in the continuous flow process according to claim 6 fast, it is characterized in that: the part mud in the described step 10 is the ratio in flooding velocity 50% to 100%.
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