CN101755711B - 一种适合岩虫人工养殖的复合底质及构造方法 - Google Patents

一种适合岩虫人工养殖的复合底质及构造方法 Download PDF

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CN101755711B
CN101755711B CN200810246944.1A CN200810246944A CN101755711B CN 101755711 B CN101755711 B CN 101755711B CN 200810246944 A CN200810246944 A CN 200810246944A CN 101755711 B CN101755711 B CN 101755711B
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杨大佐
周一兵
寇娜
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Dalian Ocean University
Dalian Fisheries University
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Abstract

本发明是一种适合岩虫人工养殖复合底质及构造方法,属于水产养殖技术领域。它根据岩虫的生活习性,将不同粒径大小的卵石、细砂、泥土等,按照不同的比例和厚度,由下至上依次通过将粗卵石层,细卵石层,粗砂层,细砂层,泥粘土层进行复合搭配,复合底质厚度范围为50~100cm。该复合底质的通透性好,适合岩虫生活,不易腐败变质。表层含有大量有机质,可为岩虫提供优质充足的饵料。经检测,用本发明实施例进行岩虫的养殖,一年的养殖成活率达70~90%,体重为0.5~1.0g的幼虫经一年养殖可达10g左右。岩虫体色褐红色,头部具有荧光,体质健壮。

Description

一种适合岩虫人工养殖的复合底质及构造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及的适合岩虫人工养殖复合底质及构造方法,属于水产养殖技术领域,特别是涉及一种复合多层底质的构建方法。 
背景技术
岩虫Marphysa sanguinea(MONTAGU)隶属环节动物门,多毛纲,矶沙蚕科,岩虫属。分布于潮间带的岩礁石区,由于岩虫具有不易死亡、好动、多血、腥味重等特点,在日本被作为最珍贵的海洋游钓饵料之一。同时,岩虫也是一种优质的鱼虾饵料和钓饵。岩虫体长达20~30厘米,粗达6~8毫米。活的岩虫,体表闪有荧光。在海钓中,岩虫作为钓饵对海洋鱼类的引诱效果要比其他沙蚕好得多。特别是岩虫的头部,做为钓饵中的上品。 
目前,日本、韩国、欧洲、美国等国家为满足其国内的游钓渔业常大量进口活岩虫。岩虫的出口价格达到每公斤25美金,价格昂贵。同时岩虫作为海水鱼类的最佳鲜活饵料,应用于海水养殖业。岩虫的提取物作为海洋药物,治疗人类的疾病中发挥重要作用。 
国内外相关学者已对岩虫有过一些研究,乌沙科夫、吴宝玲曾对我国岩虫的分类进行了研究。MOORE对岩虫的卵进行了观察。日本学者冈田和今井利为对岩虫幼虫的分期进行了划分。蔡含筠等对岩虫的个体发育进行了观察。戈峰等对岩虫多肽的抗癌功能进行了研究。但未见有关岩虫人工养殖方面的报道。目前,国内外进出口贸易的岩虫大多为人工采捕天然岩虫。由于岩虫的生长周期一般为三年,生长周期长,随着人们的大量采捕,岩虫的自然资源趋于枯竭。而岩虫由于生活史特殊,生长周期长等原因,其人工养殖未能形成。而制约人工养殖的关键因素是由于岩虫的生活环境特殊,其喜欢在岩礁类底质中栖息生活;天然状况下,岩礁类底质较少,限制了岩虫人工养殖的发展。因此,根据岩虫生活特点,构建一种适合岩虫养殖的人工底质,是开展岩虫人工增养殖的必要基础。 
技术要点 
本发明根据岩虫的生活特性,通过将不同粒径大小的卵石、细砂、泥土等,按照不同的比例进行复合搭配,在养殖环境中构建适合岩虫生长存活的复合型人工底质。该底质具有通透性好、不易污染、适合岩虫存活生长、采捕方便等特点。 
发明内容
本发明的技术解决方案是:一种适合岩虫人工养殖复合底质及其构造方法。其特征在于: 
复合底质厚度范围为50~100cm。由下自上依次为粗卵石层,细卵石层,粗砂层,细砂层,泥土层。 
其构造方法由下自上为: 
a、铺设粗卵石层,选择规格为长×宽为:1~3×1~2cm的粗卵石,全部铺设于池底,本卵石层厚度占全部底质厚度的3/10~5/10。最少厚度为15cm。 
b、铺设细卵石层,在粗卵石层上,自下而上铺设细卵石。卵石规格为长×宽为0.5~1.5×0.5~1cm。铺设厚度占全部底质厚度的1/10~2/10。最低厚度为5cm。 
c、铺设粗砂层,在卵石层上进行铺设。粗砂粒径范围(1.0~2.0mm)。最低铺设厚度为15cm,厚度为占全部底质厚度的3/10。 
d、细砂层:本层根据所需铺设底质的厚度可进行调整,如底质厚度为最低厚度,也可省略该层。本层铺设厚度占全部底质厚度的0~2/10。 
e、泥土层:是重要层,根据全部底质厚度,按2/10~3/10的厚度比例进行铺设。最低铺设厚度下限为10cm。最高铺设为50cm。 
所述a步骤的粗卵石也可选用建筑用碎石。相应范围基本相同。 
所述c步骤的细砂为建筑使用过筛后的细砂。粒径范围:0.063~1mm 
所述e步骤的泥土层也可选用粒径范围为0.063~0.004mm粉沙或粉沙和泥土按1:1的比例进行搭配。 
实施例1:底质总厚度为50cm。复合底质由下自上依次为粗卵石层、细卵石层、粗砂层、泥土层。铺设方法为:在最底层铺设粗卵石层,规格为2×1.0cm,厚度为15cm。在粗卵石层上铺设规格为1.0×0.5的细卵石,铺设厚度为10cm。继续在细卵石层铺设粗砂层,粗砂粒径1.0~2.0mm,铺设厚度为15cm。不铺设细砂层。在粗砂层上直接铺设泥土,铺设厚度为10cm。 
实施例2:底质总厚度为100cm。复合底质由下自上依次为粗卵石层、细卵石层、粗砂层、细砂层、粘土层。铺设方法为:在最底层铺设粗卵石层,规格为2×1.0cm厚度为30cm。再粗卵石层上铺设规格为1.0×0.5的细卵石,铺设厚度为20cm。继续在细卵石层铺设粗砂层,粗砂粒径1.0~2.0mm,铺设厚度为30cm。铺设细砂层厚度为5cm。在粗砂层上直接铺设泥土,铺设厚度为15cm。 
本发明具有如下优点: 
1、根据岩虫的生活习性,进行底质的人工铺设和构造搭配,使岩虫适合在该底质中生存。为岩虫人工养殖提供环境基础。 
2、复合底质采用不同粒径石和砂进行搭配,完全保证了底质的通透性,使底质透水、透 气,适合岩虫生活,并不易腐败变质。 
3、复合底质中泥土含有大量有机质,可以为岩虫提供优质充足的饵料。 
4、在该底质内岩虫养殖成活率高,达到70~90%,生长速率快。 
经检测,用本发明实施例进行岩虫的养殖,一年的养殖成活率达70~90%,体重为0.5~1.0g的幼虫经一年养殖可达10g左右。岩虫体色褐红色,头部具有荧光,体质健壮。 

Claims (2)

1.一种适合岩虫人工养殖复合底质,其特征在于:复合底质厚度范围为50~100cm,由下自上依次为粗卵石层,细卵石层,粗砂层,细砂层,泥土层。
2.如权利要求1所述的适合岩虫人工养殖复合底质,其构造方法为如下步骤:
a、铺设粗卵石层,选择规格长×宽为:1~3×1~2cm的粗卵石,全部铺设于池底,本粗卵石层厚度为30cm;
b、铺设细卵石层,在粗卵石层上,自下而上铺设细卵石,细卵石规格为长×宽为0.5~1.5×0.5~1cm,铺设厚度为20cm;
c、铺设粗砂层,在细卵石层上进行铺设,粗砂粒径范围为1.0~2.0mm,铺设厚度为30cm;
d、细砂层:粒径范围:0.063~1mm,铺设厚度为5cm;
e、泥土层:以粒径范围为0.063~0.004mm粉沙或粉沙和泥土按1∶1的比例进行搭配,铺设厚度为15cm。
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CN102295394B (zh) * 2011-08-22 2013-01-02 大连海洋大学 沙蚕生物滤池内微生物膜的培养方法
CN102349474A (zh) * 2011-08-22 2012-02-15 大连海洋大学 一种生物滤池内人工培养围沙蚕的方法
CN102295351A (zh) * 2011-08-22 2011-12-28 大连海洋大学 一种沙蚕生物滤池及其使用方法
CN103098732B (zh) * 2013-02-06 2014-07-02 大连海洋大学 岩虫-江蓠-海参池塘混合养殖方法
CN104472442B (zh) * 2014-12-03 2017-04-12 广东省实验动物监测所 一种适于海洋底栖水生动物养殖的基质
CN115708491B (zh) * 2022-11-16 2024-02-20 江苏海洋大学 一种埋栖型贝类的养殖底质及其在埋栖型贝类养殖中的应用

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