CN101749188A - 用于风力涡轮机叶片的根部套筒 - Google Patents

用于风力涡轮机叶片的根部套筒 Download PDF

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CN101749188A
CN101749188A CN200910259051A CN200910259051A CN101749188A CN 101749188 A CN101749188 A CN 101749188A CN 200910259051 A CN200910259051 A CN 200910259051A CN 200910259051 A CN200910259051 A CN 200910259051A CN 101749188 A CN101749188 A CN 101749188A
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blade
sleeve
wind turbine
outer ledge
described blade
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CN101749188B (zh
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K·R·柯特利
S·赫尔
W·F·海因策
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General Electric Renovables Espana SL
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General Electric Co
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/0608Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于风力涡轮机的套筒。具体而言,一种风力涡轮机(2),包括:塔架(4);布置在塔架(4)上的机舱(6);齿轮箱(12),其连接到布置在机舱(6)中的发电机(14)上;叶片(10),其布置在轮毂(9)上用于旋转齿轮箱(12)和驱动发电机(14);用于装入叶片(10)的一部分的套筒(20),其具有大致成圆角的前缘(24)和大致锐利的后缘(26),布置在叶片(10)的根部端大致邻接轮毂(9);间距(30),其用于容许在叶片(10)和套筒(20)之间的空气流;以及其中,叶片(10)可在套筒(20)内旋转。

Description

用于风力涡轮机叶片的根部套筒
技术领域
文中所述主题主要涉及风力涡轮机,且更具体地涉及用于风力涡轮机叶片的根部套筒。
背景技术
风力涡轮机是一种用于将风中的动能转变成机械能的机器。如果该机械能直接由机械使用,例如用来泵送水或磨麦,则风力涡轮机可称为风车。类似而言,如果机械能转变成电,则该机器还可称为风力发电机或风力发电设施。
风力涡轮机通常根据叶片围绕其旋转的垂直或水平轴线进行划分。在图1中示意性地示出了一种所谓的水平轴式风力发电机,且其可从通用电气公司获得。用于风力涡轮机2的这种具体构造包括塔架4,塔架4支承装入传动系8的机舱6。叶片10布置在“毂盖(spinner)”或轮毂9上,用以在传动系8的一端位于机舱6的外部形成“转子”。旋转叶片10驱动连接到发电机14上的齿轮箱12,发电机14在传动系8的另一端连同控制系统16一起布置在机舱6内,该控制系统16可接收来自风速计18的输入。
当叶片10在“转子平面”内自旋时,该叶片由运动空气产生随后施加给转子的升力以及俘获动量。各叶片10通常在其“根部”端紧固到轮毂9上,且之后沿径向“向外”“横越”至自由的“尖部”端。叶片10的前部或“前缘”连接叶片首先接触空气的最前点。叶片10的后部或“后缘”为已由前缘间隔开的空气流在经过叶片的吸力表面和压力表面后再次汇合的位置。“翼弦线”沿经过叶片的典型空气流的方向连接叶片的前缘和后缘。翼弦线的长度简单地称为“翼弦”。
叶片10的厚度沿平面形状(planform)而变化,以及对于任何具体的翼弦线而言在叶片的对置侧上,用语“厚度”通常用来描述在低压吸力表面和高压力表面之间的最大距离。当垂直于流的方向观察时,叶片10的形状称为“平面形状”。“迎角”是用来描述在叶片10的翼弦线和表示在叶片和空气之间相对运动的矢量之间的角度的用语。“变桨”是指旋转整个叶片10的迎角进入或离开风,以便控制转速和/或吸收来自风中的动力。例如,使叶片10“朝向顺桨”变桨是指旋转叶片的前缘进入风中,而使叶片“朝向失速”变桨是指旋转叶片的前缘离开风。
叶片10的根部端常常为圆柱形形状,以便有助于将叶片连接到轮毂9上。然而,这种圆柱形根部构造在俘获来自运动空气中的动量时并不是非常有效。
发明内容
与此类常规方式相关的这些和其它缺点在文中通过在各个实施例中提供一种用于风力涡轮机叶片的套筒而予以解决,该套筒包括用于接收风力涡轮机叶片根部端的开口;以及用于充分邻接风力涡轮机轮毂的内侧边缘。
附图说明
现在将参看以下附图来描述本技术的各个方面,各附图并无必要按比例绘制,但使用相同的标号来指示全部各个视图中的对应部件。
图1为常规风力发电机的示意性侧视图。
图2为风力涡轮机叶片和根部套筒的平面形状视图。
图3为沿图2中的截面线III-III所截取的截面图。
图4为沿图2中的截面线IV-IV所截取的截面图。
图5为沿图2中的截面线IV-IV所截取的另一截面图。
零件清单
2风力涡轮机
4塔架
6机舱
8传动系
9轮毂
10叶片
12齿轮箱
14发电机
16控制系统
18风速计
20套筒
22内侧边缘
24前缘
26后缘
28外侧边缘
30间距
32流线
具体实施方式
图2为根据图1的风力涡轮机叶片10的平面形状视图,该叶片10具有布置在叶片根部端的套筒20。然而,套筒20可结合任一或所有的叶片10一起使用,结合其它类型的风力涡轮机2一起使用,和/或结合除开图I和图2所示那些的其它类型的风力涡轮机叶片10一起使用。
套筒20包括用于接收风力涡轮机叶片10根部端的开口,该根部端在图2中由虚线所示。例如,所示叶片10的根部端为大致圆柱形。在正常运行期间,套筒20的内侧边缘22布置在轮毂9处或其附近,用于大致邻接轮毂和/或用于紧固到轮毂上。在所示实例中,套筒20沿翼展方向向外延伸至叶片10的最大翼弦,并保持与从圆形根部至叶片最大翼弦的翼型形状的过渡部分协同工作的翼型形状。然而,其它的套筒构造也可使用,包括沿翼展方向和/或翼弦方向更长和更短的构造。
如在图3至图5中所示截面图中最佳地示出,套筒20具有翼型形状,包括成圆角(rounded)的前缘24和锐利的后缘26。在所示实例中,套筒20还具有比外侧翼弦(例如在截面线IV-IV处)更长的内侧翼弦(例如在截面线III-III处)。然而,也可采用任何其它的形状,包括其它的翼型形状。
套筒20的外侧边缘28具有布置在叶片10的吸力侧和压力侧的至少一者上的凹入的平面形状。在所示实例中,相同的凹入的平面形状布置在外侧边缘28的压力侧和吸力侧两者上。然而,平面形状还可在套筒20的各侧上形成不同的形状和/或仅布置在套筒的一侧上。
如图4和图5中所示,叶片10在套筒20内可旋转,以便适应叶片10的正常变桨。在这些实例中,套筒20不会旋转或以其它方式与叶片10一起变桨,并且可固定到轮毂9上。然而,套筒20还可固定到叶片10上,布置成与叶片10一起变桨,和/或独立于叶片进行变桨。
间距30布置在叶片10和套筒20之间,用于容许在叶片10和套筒外侧边缘28之间的空气流,如由图4和图5中的流线32所示。在图4中所示的叶片10相对于套筒20的精细变桨旋转位置,平滑的流线示出了在该构造中所产生的多元件截面翼型效应。在图5中所示的叶片10的顺桨变桨旋转位置,隔离的流提供了减小的升力。所示多元件的翼型构造在精细变桨中高效地运行而在顺桨变桨中低效地运行。套筒20的前缘还可进一步延伸和定形成用以与这些特征协同地工作,而套筒的后缘也可延伸以便进一步使翼弦延伸和提取动力。
文中所披露的技术能够提高在风力涡轮机叶片10根部处的动力提取以及相关附加的年度能量生成。因此,本发明将产生增加的年度能量生成并且有可能减小在停机位置的负荷。通过优化构造,还可获得提高的动力、设备利用率(capacity factor)、降低的用电成本以及更低的接通速度。本技术制造简单,并且可针对各个风力级数进行优化。本技术还保持标准的叶片构成,具有用于固定到变桨机构上的圆形根部以及通向叶片最大翼弦点以便引入的过渡部分。此外,本技术还允许在几何形状方面从低空气动力学效率的圆柱形状至更为高效的翼型形状的逐步改变。
应当强调的是,上述实施例且尤其是任一“优选的”实施例仅为文中阐述的各个实施方案的实例,用以提高对本技术各个方面的清楚理解。本领域普通技术人员在基本上不背离由所附权利要求的正确构成所单独限定的保护范围的情形中将能够对这些实施例中的许多实施例进行变更。

Claims (9)

1.一种风力涡轮机(2),包括:
塔架(4);
布置在所述塔架(4)上的机舱(6);
齿轮箱(12),其连接到布置在所述机舱(6)中的发电机(14)上;
叶片(10),其布置在轮毂(9)上用于使所述齿轮箱(12)旋转和驱动所述发电机(14);
用于装入所述叶片(10)的一部分的套筒(20),其具有大致成圆角的前缘(24)和大致锐利的后缘(26),布置在所述叶片(10)的根部端大致邻接所述轮毂(9);
间距(30),其用于容许在所述叶片(10)和所述套筒(20)之间的空气流;以及
其中,所述叶片(10)可在所述套筒(20)内旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述套筒(20)在翼展方向上沿所述叶片(10)至少延伸到所述叶片的最大翼弦的位置。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述套筒(20)包括外侧边缘(28),所述外侧边缘(28)具有布置在所述叶片(10)的吸力侧上的凹入的平面形状。
4.根据权利要求3所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述间距(30)容许在所述叶片(10)和所述外侧边缘(28)之间的空气流,所述外侧边缘(28)具有布置在所述叶片(10)的吸力侧上的凹入的平面形状。
5.根据权利要求3或权利要求4所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述套筒(20)的外侧边缘(28)还包括布置在所述叶片的压力侧上的凹入的平面形状。
6.根据权利要求1至权利要求5中任一项所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述套筒(20)的内侧翼弦比所述套筒(20)的外侧翼弦更长。
7.根据权利要求1至权利要求6中任一项所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述套筒(20)与所述叶片(10)一起旋转。
8.根据权利要求1至权利要求7中任一项所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述套筒(20)独立于所述叶片(10)进行旋转。
9.根据权利要求1至权利要求6中任一项所述的风力涡轮机,其特征在于,所述套筒(20)相对于所述轮毂(9)是固定的。
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CN102758723A (zh) * 2011-04-26 2012-10-31 通用电气公司 具有辅助翅片的风力涡轮机
CN103016258A (zh) * 2011-09-27 2013-04-03 通用电气公司 带有根部幕帘的风力涡轮转子叶片组件
CN103016258B (zh) * 2011-09-27 2017-01-18 通用电气公司 带有根部幕帘的风力涡轮转子叶片组件
CN103629056A (zh) * 2013-12-23 2014-03-12 北京天源科创风电技术有限责任公司 一种风机叶片及采用该叶片的风机
CN103629056B (zh) * 2013-12-23 2017-01-04 北京天源科创风电技术有限责任公司 一种风机叶片及采用该叶片的风机

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CN101749188B (zh) 2014-01-29
EP2194267B1 (en) 2014-03-05
US20100135811A1 (en) 2010-06-03
EP2194267A3 (en) 2013-03-06
US7837442B2 (en) 2010-11-23
DK2194267T3 (da) 2014-04-14

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