CN101748245A - Method for steelmaking - Google Patents
Method for steelmaking Download PDFInfo
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- CN101748245A CN101748245A CN200810184592A CN200810184592A CN101748245A CN 101748245 A CN101748245 A CN 101748245A CN 200810184592 A CN200810184592 A CN 200810184592A CN 200810184592 A CN200810184592 A CN 200810184592A CN 101748245 A CN101748245 A CN 101748245A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for steelmaking, which comprises the followings steps: blowing melted iron, and performing external refining on the blown molten steel, wherein the external refining is performed under the vacuum condition with the vacuum degree not higher than 6KPA; the external refining is as follows: contacting the blown molten steel with carbonaceous materials, then contacting with non-carbonaceous material deoxidizer to deoxidize the molten steel; and the conditions of contacting the blown molten steel with the carbonaceous materials comprise that: the dosage of the carbonaceous materials can ensure that oxygen concentration of the molten steel after contacting the blown molten steel with the carbonaceous materials is not higher than 250ppm, the contact temperature is 1575-1625 DEG C, and the contact time can ensure that the CO content in the tail gas of the external refining is no higher than 15wt % of the total weight of the tail gas. By using the method for steelmaking in the invention, steelmaking cost can be lowered and the prepared steel has good plastic deformation property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of steel-making.
Background technology
At many steel that particular requirement arranged (carbon aluminium-killed steel for example, as steel plates of saloon sedan gap-free atom (IF) steel and be used for the cold-rolling deep-punching plate of ordinary electrical home appliance) smelting process, steelmaking process is usually included in smelting molten iron in the converter, tap in the ladle, add reductor and carry out pre-deoxidation, be heated to needed temperature then, afterwards, in vacuum circulation degassing (RH) equipment, carry out refining.The used reductor of pre-deoxidation is generally aluminium or aluminium-containing alloy, adopt these reductors to have following shortcoming: (1) aluminium or aluminium-containing alloy consumption are big, common one ton of molten steel need add aluminium ferromanganese and 2 meters about aluminum steels of about 0.4 kilogram of 2.7-3 kilogram, therefore, and the production cost height; (2) owing to generate Al after the aluminaization that adds
2O
3, some Al
2O
3Enter in the molten steel, the plastic degeneration of steel is reduced, for example yield strength ReL, tensile strength Rm, elongation A, end face shrinking percentage Z and ballistic work Aku2 reduce.Described ballistic work is a needed merit when producing " U " type notch shock at normal temperatures.
Summary of the invention
The lower defective of plastic degeneration of the higher and steel produced of production cost when the present invention uses vacuum circulating degasification apparatus to make steel in order to overcome in the prior art provides a kind of method of the lower and steel-making that the plastic degenerations steel produced are higher of production cost when using vacuum circulating degasification apparatus to make steel.
The invention provides a kind of method of steel-making, wherein, this method comprises the blowing molten iron, and the molten steel that the back of will blowing obtains carries out external refining; Described external refining is carried out under vacuum condition, the vacuum tightness of described vacuum condition is not for being higher than 6 kPas, and described external refining comprises that the molten steel that the blowing back is obtained contacts with carbonaceous material earlier, contacts with non-carbonaceous material reductor, so that molten steel is carried out deoxidation again; The condition that the molten steel that the described back of will blowing obtains contacts with carbonaceous material earlier comprises: the concentration of oxygen after the consumption of described carbonaceous material makes molten steel contact with carbonaceous material to finish in the molten steel is not higher than 250ppm, the temperature of contact is 1575-1625 ℃, contact the time chien shih described external refining tail gas in the content of CO be not higher than the tail gas gross weight of 15 weight %.
When adopting method of the present invention to smelt, can not only reduce the cost of steel-making, and the steel plastic degeneration of preparation is good, for example, saves about 4680 yuan than 1 stove (130 tons) steel that adopt Comparative Examples 1 preparation by 1 stove (130 tons) steel of embodiments of the invention 1 preparation.In addition, the yield strength ReL of the steel billet of embodiment 1 preparation is that 415 MPas, tensile strength Rm are 518 MPas, and elongation A is 27%, end face shrinking percentage Z is 46.5%, ballistic work Aku2 is 35.5 joules; And the yield strength ReL of the steel billet of Comparative Examples 1 preparation is that 370 MPas, tensile strength Rm are 460 MPas, and elongation A is 22%, end face shrinking percentage Z is 42%, ballistic work Aku2 is 30 joules.And, owing to use less aluminium or aluminium-containing alloy, generate less Al after the oxidation
2O
3Enter in the slag, the dystectic aluminum-spinel on the tubular stinger that sticks to RH is reduced, therefore, can reduce the number of times of the tubular stinger of cleaning RH.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of method of steel-making, wherein, this method comprises the blowing molten iron, and the molten steel that the back of will blowing obtains carries out external refining; Described external refining is carried out under vacuum condition, the vacuum tightness of described vacuum condition is not for being higher than 6 kPas, and described external refining comprises that the molten steel that the blowing back is obtained contacts with carbonaceous material earlier, contacts with non-carbonaceous material reductor, so that molten steel is carried out deoxidation again; The condition that the molten steel that the described back of will blowing obtains contacts with carbonaceous material earlier comprises: the concentration of oxygen after the consumption of described carbonaceous material makes molten steel contact with carbonaceous material to finish in the molten steel is not higher than 250ppm, the temperature of contact is 1575-1625 ℃, contact the time chien shih described external refining tail gas in the content of CO be not higher than the tail gas gross weight of 15 weight %.After contacting with carbonaceous material and finish, described molten steel is meant the time point the when carbonaceous material that is added is considered to just by complete reaction, the time point when also promptly just having added non-carbonaceous material.
Described vacuum tightness is relative vacuum tightness, i.e. the difference of the air pressure in standard atmospheric pressure and the enclosed space.Although the present invention in order to shorten the reaction times and to make the carbonaceous material reaction of adding more thorough, can further increase vacuum tightness as long as be not higher than 6 kPas down in vacuum tightness, for example making vacuum tightness is 1000 handkerchiefs, 800 handkerchiefs; But be preferably 600 handkerchiefs.
Usually, the add-on of carbonaceous material is mainly determined according to oxygen level in the molten steel; Prepared steel also can influence the amount of the carbonaceous material of adding to a certain extent to the requirement of oxygen level; In addition, when prepared steel had strict demand to the content of carbon, the add-on of carbonaceous material also should be considered the content of carbon in the molten steel.Under the perfect condition, the mol ratio of the amount of the add-on of carbonaceous material and steel water oxygen is 2: 1, and usually, the add-on of described carbonaceous material is no more than this ratio.For soft steel, the concentration of oxygen when generally controlling molten steel and contacting with non-carbonaceous material reductor in the molten steel is not higher than 80ppm, is preferably not to be higher than 50ppm; More particularly, with respect to one ton of molten steel, the amount of the carbonaceous material of adding is the 0.6-1 kilogram.And for ultra low-carbon steel, the concentration of oxygen when generally controlling molten steel and contacting with non-carbonaceous material reductor in the molten steel is not higher than 250ppm, is preferably not to be higher than 130ppm; More particularly, with respect to one ton of molten steel, the amount of the carbonaceous material of adding is the 0.1-0.5 kilogram.So-called soft steel is meant that the content of carbon in the steel is＜0.08% common deep drawing steel.So-called ultra low-carbon steel is meant the extra-deep drawing steel of content＜0.005% of carbon in the steel.
Since described carbonaceous material carry out the time-dependent of deoxidation in temperature, vacuum tightness and the carbonaceous material of deoxidation in the ratio of the concentration of steel water oxygen, therefore, determine with the content of the CO in the tail gas of external refining usually; In order as far as possible the carbonaceous material that adds to be reduced, the time of described deoxidation is to make the content of the CO in the tail gas of described external refining not be higher than the tail gas gross weight of 15 weight %, is preferably the tail gas gross weight that is not higher than 10 weight %.
The temperature that described carbonaceous material carries out deoxidation is not particularly limited, and for example can be 1575-1625 ℃; For the ease of operation, make the temperature of deoxidation consistent with follow-up purified temperature, therefore, be preferably 1575-1625 ℃.
As preferred embodiment a kind of, the condition that the molten steel that the described back of will blowing obtains contacts with carbonaceous material earlier comprises: the consumption of described carbonaceous material can be 1575-1625 ℃ for 0.1-1 kg/ton molten steel, contact temperature, the time of contact can be 12-18 minute, is preferably 14-16 minute.By preferred embodiment, the oxygen that the carbonaceous material of employing is removed is more abundant, thereby reduces the amount of the non-carbonaceous material reductor that adds in follow-up, the plastic degeneration that this can further save steel-making cost and improve the steel of acquisition.
Carbonaceous material of the present invention can be carbonaceous material well known in the art, is preferably in pitch coke, hard coal and the carbon dust one or more; But in the present circumstance,, most preferably be pitch coke for the ease of operation.
Described external refining can be the various known secondary refining method that can realize the object of the invention, is preferably vacuum circulation degassing method (RH).The refining temperature of described external refining can be 1575-1625 ℃; The purified time can be 12-15 minute.The purified time described herein is for adopting the time that is spent after the carbonaceous material deoxidation when refining.When described external refining, measure the temperature of molten steel, and detect the concentration of the oxygen in the molten steel; The add-on that non-carbonaceous material reductor is added in decision according to the molten steel oxygen concn.
Described non-carbonaceous material reductor can close reductor for employed of this area, is preferably in aluminium, ferroaluminium, calsibar alloy and the aluminum-manganese-iron alloy one or more, most preferably is aluminium.The add-on of described non-carbonaceous material reductor can this area the amount of being routinely added to; In order to reduce the content of the aluminium sesquioxide in the molten steel as far as possible, be preferably 0.8-1 kg/ton molten steel.
In order to prevent the metal in the molten steel oxidized before refining as far as possible, under the preferable case, the terminal point of described smelting molten steel is controlled; Usually, be benchmark with molten iron gross weight in the described blowing step, make the C of described blow end point be controlled to be the 0.02-0.05 weight % of molten iron gross weight.Described blowing is that aerating oxygen makes some impurity in the molten iron in molten iron, as the process of carbon, phosphorus, silicon oxidation.In described blowing, to add the slag former removal of impurity usually and carry out low-priced slag furnace retaining.Described blowing is according to carrying out for the method for this area routine.
As preferred embodiment a kind of, in order to improve the performance of steel, after this method also is included in the blowing molten iron, the molten steel of back acquisition that carries out will blow before the external refining contacts with in manganese, the copper and mickel one or more, to carry out alloying.
As another preferred embodiment, with after described non-carbonaceous material reductor contacts, carry out alloying at molten steel.The element that adds when carrying out alloying can be metallic element or non-metallic element; Described metallic element has no particular limits, and can close and can be used for the alloyed metal (AM) element for well known in the art, is preferably in manganese, copper, nickel, titanium, vanadium, aluminium and the molybdenum one or more; Described non-metallic element can close the non-metallic element that can be used for alloying for well known in the art, is preferably silicon.This alloying step can with behind the blowing molten iron, the alloying of carrying out before carrying out external refining combines and carries out, also can carry out separately.The alloy element that enters when carrying out can be identical or different.
Method provided by the invention is cast after also being included in described external refining, and casting is carried out according to ordinary method.As preferred embodiment a kind of, described casting in the protective gas atmosphere carried out.Described protective gas is a zero group gas, is preferably argon gas.Can control molten steel overheat during casting is 20-40 ℃, is 1505-1525 ℃ as the temperature of molten steel; After the casting, can cool off, as naturally cooling at room temperature according to ordinary method.
Method provided by the invention is carried out billet rolling after also being included in described casting, rolling can carrying out according to the method for routine of the present invention; As preferred embodiment a kind of, it is to heat under 1250 ℃-1280 ℃ that described billet rolling is included in temperature, is rolled after 1.5-2.0 hour in insulation under 1230 ℃-1250 ℃ then.The beginning rolling temperature is 1150 ℃-1200 ℃, and finishing temperature is more than 900 ℃.Behind the billet rolling, adopt conventional method cooling to get final product, cool off as adopting stacking air cooling mode.
Embodiment 1-4:
These embodiment are used to illustrate the method smelting low carbon steel of steel-making provided by the invention.
(1) blowing molten iron:
The employing desulphurised hot metal is smelted, in C content in the molten iron is tapped ladle when 0.02-0.05 weight % (the concrete numerical value of each embodiment control is as shown in table 1) immediately.
(2) tapping: stop immediately molten steel to be delivered in the ladle after the blowing, (the Panzhihua City industrial and trading company of singing one's own praises, manganese content: 78 weight %) carry out alloying, with respect to 1 ton of molten iron, the add-on of ferromanganese is the 3-4.5 kilogram to add manganeseirom.
(3) external refining: molten steel is heated to 1575-1625 ℃ by the LF stove, carries out vacuum-treat with the RH vacuum unit immediately, and begins to add pitch coke (Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Gao Run high-carbon material company limited, carbon content: 98 weight %); When vacuum tightness is not higher than 6 kPas, opening entry time, the content of the CO in the detection molten steel in the tail gas of concentration of oxygen and external refining.When concentration of oxygen in the molten steel was not higher than 50ppm, the content of CO was not higher than the tail gas gross weight of 15 weight %, added non-carbonaceous material reductor aluminium.The control liquid steel temperature is 1590-1625 ℃, and the treatment time is 12-15 minute.The concrete numerical value of the parameter control of each embodiment is as shown in table 1.
(3) casting: the molten steel casting temperature is controlled between 1540-1565 ℃.
(4) billet rolling: adopt pusher-type furnace heating steel billet to 1250-1280 ℃, begin the rolled axle steel billet after 1.5-2.0 hour in insulation under the 1230-1250 ℃ of temperature then, finishing temperature is controlled at more than 900 ℃.Rolling the back adopts stacking air cooling mode to cool off.
The detection method of each composition is respectively carbon steel and middle-low alloy steel spark source Atomic Emission Spectral Analysis method, and national standard is GB/T4336.The detection method of oxygen level is pulse heating inert gas fusion one infrared absorption, and national standard is GB/T11261.CO content adopts the exhaust-gas analyzer detection, and (the Suzhou orchid is refined instrument company limited of Fuji, ZSUC-S).
Comparative Examples 1
The method of the steel-making that this Comparative Examples is used to illustrate that prior art provides.
(1) blowing molten steel: adopt desulphurised hot metal to blow, when C content in the molten steel stops blowing during at 0.12 weight %.
(2) tapping: stop immediately molten steel to be delivered in the ladle after the blowing, after tapping 1/3, add reductor ferro-aluminum (Wuhan all things Aluminum company limited, aluminium content: 40 weight %; Iron level: 60 weight %), with respect to 1 ton of molten iron, the add-on of ferro-aluminum is 3 kilograms; (the Panzhihua City industrial and trading company of singing one's own praises, manganese content: 78 weight %) carry out alloying, with respect to 1 ton of molten iron, the add-on of ferromanganese is the 3-4.5 kilogram to add manganeseirom.
(3) external refining: carry out according to embodiment 1-4 step (3), different is not add pitch coke and carry out deoxidation.
(4) casting: carry out according to embodiment 1-4 step (4).
(5) billet rolling: carry out according to embodiment 1-4 step (5).
The detection method of each composition is carried out according to the method for embodiment 1-4.
Performance test
The steel billet of embodiment 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1 preparation is carried out measuring mechanical property, and wherein, tensile property carries out according to GB/T228 metallic substance tensile test at room temperature method, detects yield strength ReL respectively, tensile strength Rm, elongation A and end face shrinking percentage Z.Detect ballistic work Aku2 than test with notched test piece method according to the GB/T229 metal summer.That detects the results are shown in the table 2.
Table 1
Annotate: the per-cent in the table 1 all is weight percentage.
Table 2
| Sequence number | ??ReL/MPa | ??Rm/MPa | ??A/％ | ??Z/％ | ??Aku2/J |
| Embodiment 1 | ??415 | ??518 | ??27 | ??46.5 | ??35.5 |
| Comparative Examples 1 | ??370 | ??460 | ??22 | ??42 | ??30 |
| Embodiment 2 | ??385 | ??475 | ??24.5 | ??44 | ??34.5 |
| Embodiment 3 | ??395 | ??490 | ??26 | ??46 | ??35 |
| Embodiment 4 | ??401 | ??510 | ??25.5 | ??45.5 | ??36 |
As can be seen from Table 2: the steel of the method preparation of the steel-making that the method that adopts steel-making provided by the invention and prior art provide is compared, and its intensity and toughness significantly improve.For example, the yield strength ReL of the steel billet of embodiment 1 preparation is that 415 MPas, tensile strength Rm are 518 MPas, and elongation A is 27%, end face shrinking percentage Z is 46.5%, ballistic work Aku2 is 35.5 joules; And the yield strength ReL of the steel billet of Comparative Examples 1 preparation is that 370 MPas, tensile strength Rm are 460 MPas, and elongation A is 22%, end face shrinking percentage Z is 42%, ballistic work Aku2 is 30 joules.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a steel-making is characterized in that, this method comprises the blowing molten iron, and the molten steel that the back of will blowing obtains carries out external refining; Described external refining is carried out under vacuum condition, the vacuum tightness of described vacuum condition is not for being higher than 6 kPas, and described external refining comprises that the molten steel that the blowing back is obtained contacts with carbonaceous material earlier, contact with non-carbonaceous material reductor again, so that molten steel is carried out deoxidation, wherein, the condition that the molten steel that blowing back obtains contacts with carbonaceous material comprises: the concentration of oxygen after the consumption of described carbonaceous material makes molten steel contact with carbonaceous material to finish in the molten steel is not higher than 250ppm, the temperature of contact is 1575-1625 ℃, contact the time chien shih described external refining tail gas in the content of CO be not higher than 15 weight % of tail gas gross weight.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, the condition that the molten steel that the blowing back obtains contacts with carbonaceous material comprises: the consumption of described carbonaceous material is a 0.1-1 kg/ton molten steel, and the contact temperature is 1575-1625 ℃, and the time of contact is 12-18 minute.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, the condition that the molten steel that the blowing back obtains contacts with carbonaceous material comprises: the concentration of oxygen the when consumption of described carbonaceous material makes molten steel contact with non-carbonaceous material reductor in the molten steel is not higher than 50ppm, the contact temperature is 1575-1625 ℃, and the time of contact is 12-18 minute.
4. method according to claim 3, wherein, the condition that the molten steel that the blowing back obtains contacts with carbonaceous material comprises: the consumption of described carbonaceous material is a 0.6-1 kg/ton molten steel, and the contact temperature is 1575-1625 ℃, and the time of contact is 12-18 minute.
5. according to any described method among the claim 1-4, wherein, described carbonaceous material is one or more in pitch coke, hard coal and the carbon dust.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, the add-on of described non-carbonaceous material reductor is a 0.8-1 kg/ton molten steel.
7. according to claim 1 or 6 described methods, wherein, described non-carbonaceous material reductor is one or more in aluminium, ferroaluminium, calsibar alloy and the aluminum-manganese-iron alloy.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein, the C content of the terminal point of described blowing molten iron is the 0.02-0.05 weight % of molten iron gross weight.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, after this method also is included in the blowing molten iron, the molten steel of back acquisition that carries out will blow before the external refining contacts with in manganese, the copper and mickel one or more, to carry out alloying.
10. method according to claim 1 wherein, with after described non-carbonaceous material reductor contacts, is carried out alloying at molten steel.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810184592A CN101748245A (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | Method for steelmaking |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810184592A CN101748245A (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | Method for steelmaking |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108998628A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2018-12-14 | 日照宝华新材料有限公司 | A kind of killed steel low cost deoxidization technique |
| CN110029207A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-19 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | A kind of deoxidation in steel making method in RH furnace refining process |
| CN110373600A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-25 | 石钢京诚装备技术有限公司 | A kind of high alumina sulfur-bearing control calcium steel smelting process |
-
2008
- 2008-12-17 CN CN200810184592A patent/CN101748245A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108998628A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2018-12-14 | 日照宝华新材料有限公司 | A kind of killed steel low cost deoxidization technique |
| CN110029207A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-19 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | A kind of deoxidation in steel making method in RH furnace refining process |
| CN110373600A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-25 | 石钢京诚装备技术有限公司 | A kind of high alumina sulfur-bearing control calcium steel smelting process |
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Open date: 20100623 |