CN101739887A - Method and device for acquiring three-dimensional paleotopographic map - Google Patents
Method and device for acquiring three-dimensional paleotopographic map Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for acquiring a three-dimensional paleotopographic map. The method comprises the following steps: converting the current three-dimensional paleotopographic map into a corresponding total vector file; generating a corresponding elevation contour map according to an elevation value preset for the total vector file, wherein the elevation value is obtained according to a preset elevation range and an elevation attribute field; generating a grid grating file of the total vector file according to an elevation contour line; and acquiring a three-dimensional topographic map of the paleotopographic map according to the grid grating file. The acquisition method in the embodiment of the invention does not need relatively professional parameters, so the method has very high operability and can adapt to different occasions in practical application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the graphics process field, particularly relate to a kind of method and device that obtains three-dimensional paleotopographic map.
Background technology
In to palaeogeomorphic research process, to the recovery technology particular importance of palaeogeomorphic topomap, palaeogeomorphic recovery can help to discern reservoir development and characteristic distributions, judges ancient geographical environment, extinct plants and animal distributes and structural evolution feature etc.When palaeogeomorphology was recovered, the palaeogeomorphology key element had tangible directive function to Reservoir Prediction and identification, and different palaeogeomorphology unit correspondences different sedimentary systems.Generally speaking, when studying,, just can follow the clue of palaeogeomorphology unit and seek the reservoir sand body in case can recover the primary deposit general layout more clearly.
At present, a lot of scholars carry out palaeogeomorphology by diverse ways from different perspectives and restore, for example: the sedimentation analysis method, return stripping and fill up method and sequence stratigraphy restoring method, but substantially all from the geology angle, and rest on plane drawing degree.(Geographic Information System, the GIS) development of technology utilize the GIS technology can realize easily spatial data being handled, and analyze functions such as three-dimensional visualization along with modern Geographic Information System.
In the prior art, have a kind of based on returning on the stripping analytical approach basis, and in conjunction with modern Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System, GIS) function, realize the method for the palaeotectonics recovery in basin, but this method needs a lot of relatively professional parameters, for example, raw data such as drilling well basic parameter, sonic data, sand shale percentage composition, sedimentation time sequence, the ancient height above sea level degree of depth, operability is relatively poor in actual applications.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of method of obtaining three-dimensional paleotopographic map, in order to solve in the prior art the relatively poor problem of operability when recovering three-dimensional paleotopographic map.
Another object of the present invention is that above-mentioned design is applied in the concrete applied environment, and a kind of device that obtains three-dimensional paleotopographic map is provided, thereby guarantees the realization and the application of this method.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method of obtaining three-dimensional paleotopographic map, comprising:
Current paleoareal map is converted to corresponding total vector file;
According to the height value that presets at described total vector file, generate corresponding elevation isogram; Described height value obtains according to the elevation scope and the setting of elevation attribute field of presetting;
Generate the raster grating file of total vector file according to described elevation isoline;
Get access to the three-dimensional land map of described paleoareal map according to described raster grating file.
Preferably, also comprise:
The elevation scope of the palaeotopography and the ancient depth of water is set, and described elevation scope is used to represent the corresponding relation between sedimentary facies environment and the elevation.
Preferably, the height value that described basis presets at described total vector file generates corresponding elevation isogram, specifically comprises:
Described total vector file is split as land vector file and ocean vector file;
Be respectively described land vector file and ocean vector file and add corresponding elevation attribute field;
According to the described elevation scope that presets, be each the elevation attribute field assignment in land vector file and the ocean vector file;
Generate corresponding ancient land ground elevation isogram and ancient ocean elevation isogram according to described assigned result.
Preferably, the described elevation isoline of described foundation generates the raster grating file of total vector file, specifically comprises:
Receive the outgoing position that the user selects, and the cell size of raster grating file to be generated;
According to described outgoing position, cell size, described ancient land ground elevation isoline and ancient ocean elevation isoline, generate the grey level stretching figure of the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively;
Each interval according to the elevation scope that presets is provided with the classification node to each grid among the described grey level stretching figure;
According to different Show Colors being set respectively, described grey level stretching figure is played up the classification chromatic grating figure of the ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively at described classification node.
Preferably, the described raster grating file of described foundation gets access to the three-dimensional land map of described paleoareal map, specifically comprises:
Described raster grating file is carried out mask, from described raster grating file, extract mask figure as a result with border, original extra large land;
The mask that splices the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water is figure as a result, obtains the elevation raster pattern of described paleoareal map;
Described elevation raster pattern is carried out three-dimensional visualization show, to obtain the three-dimensional land map of paleoareal map.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of device that obtains three-dimensional paleotopographic map, comprising:
The conversion vector file module is used for current paleoareal map is converted to corresponding total vector file;
Generate the isogram module, be used for the height value that basis presets at described total vector file, generate corresponding elevation isogram; Described height value obtains according to the elevation scope and the setting of elevation attribute field of presetting;
Generating mesh grating file module is used for the raster grating file that the described elevation isoline of foundation generates total vector file;
Acquisition module is used for the three-dimensional land map that the described raster grating file of foundation gets access to described paleoareal map.
Preferably, also comprise:
The elevation range module is set, is used to be provided with the elevation scope of the palaeotopography and the ancient depth of water, described elevation scope is used to represent the corresponding relation between sedimentary facies environment and the elevation.
Preferably, described generation isogram module specifically comprises:
Split submodule, be used for described total vector file is split as land vector file and ocean vector file;
Add submodule, be used to be respectively described land vector file and ocean vector file and add corresponding elevation attribute field;
The assignment submodule is used for the elevation scope that presets according to described, is each the elevation attribute field assignment in land vector file and the ocean vector file;
Generate submodule, be used for generating corresponding ancient land ground elevation isogram and ancient ocean elevation isogram according to described assigned result.
Preferably, described generating mesh grating file module specifically comprises:
Receive submodule, be used to receive the outgoing position that the user selects, and the cell size of raster grating file to be generated;
Generate grey level stretching figure submodule, be used for generating the grey level stretching figure of the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively according to described outgoing position, cell size, described ancient land ground elevation isoline and ancient ocean elevation isoline;
The classification submodule is used for each interval according to the elevation scope that presets, and each grid among the described grey level stretching figure is provided with the classification node;
Play up submodule, be used for described grey level stretching figure being played up the classification chromatic grating figure of the ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively according to different Show Colors being set respectively at described classification node.
Preferably, described acquisition module specifically comprises:
Extract submodule, be used for described raster grating file is carried out mask, from described raster grating file, extract mask figure as a result with border, original extra large land;
The splicing submodule, the mask that is used to splice the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water is figure as a result, obtains the elevation raster pattern of described paleoareal map;
The 3-D display submodule is used for that described elevation raster pattern is carried out three-dimensional visualization and shows, to obtain the three-dimensional land map of paleoareal map.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
In the present embodiment, at first current paleoareal map is converted to corresponding total vector file,, can generates corresponding elevation isogram according to the height value that presets at described total vector file; Described height value obtains according to the elevation scope and the setting of elevation attribute field of presetting; Generate the raster grating file of total vector file according to described elevation isoline; Get access to the three-dimensional land map of described paleoareal map according to described raster grating file.The method of obtaining three-dimensional land map in the embodiment of the invention need not the parameter of specialty relatively, so operability is extremely strong, can adapt to the different scenes in the practical application.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of process flow diagram that obtains the method embodiment 1 of three-dimensional paleotopographic map of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of process flow diagram that obtains the method embodiment 2 of three-dimensional paleotopographic map of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a late Jurassic epoch lithofacies paleographic map synoptic diagram in plot, Lhasa in the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 4 is the total vector file synoptic diagram in the embodiment of the invention 2;
Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b are the attribute field assignment interface synoptic diagram of the vector file of the ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water;
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b are ancient land ground elevation isogram and ancient depth of water elevation isogram;
The ancient land ground that generates respectively among Fig. 7 a and Fig. 7 b embodiment 2 and the grey level stretching figure of the ancient depth of water;
Fig. 8 a and Fig. 8 b play up the ancient land ground afterwards and the classification chromatic grating figure of the ancient depth of water;
The mask that Fig. 9 a and Fig. 9 b are respectively ancient land ground and ancient depth of water raster pattern is figure as a result;
Figure 10 is the line file synoptic diagram for ancient land ground and ancient depth of water border;
Figure 11 is the synoptic diagram of the face file on generation ancient land ground and ancient depth of water border;
Figure 12 is the digital elevation model that generates among the embodiment 2;
Figure 13 is the three-dimensional land map among the embodiment 2;
Figure 14 is a kind of structural representation that obtains the device embodiment 1 of three-dimensional paleotopographic map of the present invention;
Figure 15 is a kind of structural representation that obtains the device embodiment 2 of three-dimensional paleotopographic map of the present invention.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
In order to make those skilled in the art more detailed understanding be arranged, before introducing the embodiment of the invention, at first ultimate principle of the present invention is done a little introductions to the application scenarios and the principle of the embodiment of the invention.
The present invention mainly utilizes the digital ancient elevation model of follow-up generation to express the landform of paleoareal map, and digital ancient elevation model be by with the sedimentary facies border of lithofacies paleographic map as isoline, carry out the raster grating file that interpolation generates.Therefore mainly the lithofacies paleographic map on plane to be generated its sedimentary facies indicated in the present invention, the three-dimensional palaeotopography geomorphologic map of correspondence.
The corresponding relation of the expression of modern ground surface environment and macrotectonics background and elevation thereof, topographical feature as can be applied to over, promptly defer to " uniformitarianism (Uniformitariansim) ", therefore, promptly be that sedimentology and geomorphology are combined the implementation procedure of carrying out the three-dimensional land map demonstration in the embodiment of the invention.Analysis to sedimentary environment is exactly historic geomorphology basically, conversely, when the research palaeogeomorphology, also must grasp relevant sedimentology theory.Carry out in the process of palaeogeomorphology recovery, can start with from sedimentology, when palaeogeomorphology recovers before the applied sedimentology method deposits, can utilize various basic geological maps, be combined into simultaneously because of facies analysis, palaeotectonics development characteristics, paleocurrent and carry out synthetic study, draw the preceding palaeogeomorphic three-dimensional land map of deposition to multiple sedimentary analysis means such as analyses.
The sedimentary facies sign is to be used for carrying out the important evidence that paleoenvironment is analyzed, and also is the important symbol that is used to carry out the palaeotopography land restoration.Ancient geographical environment is recovered, important investigate thoroughly the effect of palaeocurrent system, thing source with and link up, stop palaeogeomorphology unit with compartmentation, for example: ancient tomography, paleoslope, ancient cheuch, ancient projection etc.There is the zone of sedimentary record can infer its palaeotopography and landforms according to Sedimentary facies substantially.For example: river, lake, delta, strand, shallow sea, pelagic deposit equate, can infer its palaeotopography landforms by the live forms morphologic characteristics.
With reference to figure 1, show a kind of process flow diagram that obtains the method embodiment 1 of three-dimensional paleotopographic map of the present invention, can may further comprise the steps:
Step 101: current paleoareal map is converted to corresponding total vector file.
In the present embodiment, the raw data of obtaining three-dimensional paleotopographic map is a paleoareal map, at first needs lithofacies paleographic map is converted to the Shapefile file layout of ArcGIS, promptly is the total vector file corresponding with paleoareal map.This step promptly is the processing procedures such as vector quantization, registration and projection of the file of original picture format being carried out format conversion and raster data, and the vector data location in space of total vector file also must be correct, spatial data is different from attribute information, spatial data contains spatial information, promptly contains the data in geographic position.Also needing to carry out registration at vector data, promptly is at the spatial data that coordinate information is arranged, and by the mode of manual synchronizing, it is adjusted on the corresponding geographic position.
And in actual applications, if the face key element of sphere is projected on the plane, will inevitably produce and must be out of shape, therefore, can solve the problem of spatial data distortion of projection to the projection of vector file.Select suitable projective parameter can reduce distortion in practice, in the present embodiment according to residing position of survey region and scope, its projection type can be defined as Lambert conformal conic projection coordinate system, ellipsoidal parameter is Beijing 54 coordinate systems, engineer's scale is 1: 1000000, and first normal latitude (DMS) is that 280000, the second normal latitudes (DMS) are 370000, central meridian longitude (DMS) 880000, projection initial point latitude (DMS) 260000.Need to prove that the setting of projective parameter is not unique, and multiple mode can be arranged, but general purpose is to reduce the distortion that vector data produces because of projective transformation, at different survey regions, projective parameter can carry out corresponding modification as the case may be.
Step 102:, generate corresponding elevation isogram according to the height value that presets at described total vector file; Described height value obtains according to the elevation scope and the setting of elevation attribute field of presetting.
In the present embodiment, need preset the elevation scope, when presetting the elevation scope, need be provided with in conjunction with the characteristics in pending paleoareal map and the geographic position in the reality.In actual applications, paleocurrent all has vital role to analyzing in palaeotopography is differentiated with the thing source, and the river generally is to flow to low-lying by high elevation, so the paleocurrent in river is to also being the paleotopographic important evidence of differentiation.Paleocurrent is to can be by analyzing measurement statistics, the source area of directional bea con (for example: flowing water ripple mark, wash away mould, channel mould, ditch mould or gravel occurrence etc.) and the grain size of sediment analysis of trend waits and demarcates.A large amount of sedimentary facies such as stream-laid deposit, delta, lake originate in negative land form, and for example slide rock, eluvial facies and palaeosol generally appear at positive landform, and palaeosol, weathering crust also are the products of positive landform.
Therefore, in the present embodiment palaeogeomorphology elevation in the middle ancient times determined that main elevation scope according to existing regional paleoareal map varying environment again in conjunction with the lithofacies paleographic map in the present embodiment, is provided with the elevation scope of the expression ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water.Reference table 1 is the elevation scope details of the palaeotopography in the embodiment of the invention and the ancient depth of water.
Table 1
| The sedimentary facies environment | Elevation (m) |
| Basin, ocean (ocean)---at the bottom of the basin | Less than 3000 or-5000 |
| Subsea apron | Than shallow 10--100 at the bottom of the basin |
| The slope system | ??-300---3000 |
| The continental shelf system | ??-50---300 |
| The carbonate ramp system | ??0---300 |
| The carbonate platform system | ??0---300 |
| Shore bank system | ??50---50 |
| The bay system | ??0---100 |
| Delta | ??5---200 |
| Outfall fan | ??0--50 |
| Meander river and river plain | ??0--50 |
| Braided stream stream | ??100--500 |
| Proluvial fan | ??500--1000 |
| The sedimentary facies environment | Elevation (m) |
| Eruptive rock | ??0--500 |
| Ancient land/continent exposed region | ??0--3000 |
Certainly, if those skilled in the art at other survey region, can also be provided with different ancient elevation scopes according to its structural setting at that time, following, principle gets final product: according to the geomorphology, with lithofacies paleographic map sedimentary facies border as topographic contour.
Be provided with after the elevation scope, the vector file that need change is divided into ancient land ground and ancient ocean two parts are handled respectively, under ArcGIS, be respectively ancient land ground vector file and ancient depth of water vector file, because in ArcGIS, spatial data is except having a few, line, outside the face figures entity, also have corresponding attribute list to be used for its various features are described, therefore, each graphical element all has a series of attribute fields corresponding with it, then this step can be respectively these two vector files interpolation elevation attribute fields and compose height value, and wherein, border, extra large land all is set to 0, according to the height value that presets, generate corresponding elevation isogram.
Step 103: the raster grating file that generates total vector file according to described elevation isogram.
In this step, promptly be according to the elevation isogram, utilize the landform Core Generator (Topo to Raster) under the ArcGIS, respectively ancient land ground and ancient depth of water isogram are generated corresponding raster grating file.In practice, the position of the output grating file that need select according to the user and generate the cell size (promptly being resolution) of grating file at first generates corresponding grey level stretching figure.Wherein, described cell size promptly is the sizing grid that generates the grating file, can be set to 1 degree in embodiments of the present invention.Wherein, described grey level stretching figure is the rectangle grey level stretching figure that the maximum length and width coordinate of total vector file forms.
In actual applications, each grid value corresponding is just represented the height value of this point.In the present embodiment according to the morphologic characteristics of survey region and the corresponding height value characteristics of deposition, can design the classification node, with outstanding sedimentary facies and the morphologic characteristics of giving expression to, for example, an elevation scope interval in table 1 is a level, and the rank of classification herein can not be greater than corresponding elevation scope, and classification is close more, the details that embodies is many more, and those skilled in the art can be provided with according to the actual requirements.
After the classification, can different colors be set at each grade, the general expression custom according to digital elevation model can be provided with specific hill shading color scheme to different morphologic characteristicss.For example, land is the colored hill shading by the elevation classification, can emphasize the stereoscopic sensation of relief with the layer colours ratio juris.For example, low plain is adjusted to the master with green, and in addition the massif landforms, are gone back fibrous root and according to the different landforms elevation change certain gradual change color is set with yellow, orange-yellow.Simultaneously, marine environment is divided into the littoral zone, the neritic marine zone, and bathyal zone, the marine environment that bathymetric fascia etc. are different carries out playing up of ancient ocean according to the bathymetric chart of ocean, mainly selects blue colour system, and changes blueness with the depth of water and deepen.In this step, carry out after the setting of extension set node, can generate corresponding classification chromatic grating figure according to grey level stretching figure.
Step 104: the three-dimensional land map that gets access to described paleoareal map according to described raster grating file.
Utilize the raster grating file that generates in the vector edges bound pair step 103 to carry out mask, can from histogram, reduce out raster pattern with border, original extra large land, the raster grating file is carried out 3-D display and played up, promptly under ArcScene, generated three-dimensional land map.Concrete, numerical value in the raster grating file in each grid is represented the height value of corresponding picture dot, utilize the three-dimensional scenic function of ArcScene, with the height value of each picture dot as the Z value in the three dimensional space coordinate system, thereby the stereo display of realization elevation model in three dimensions.
The embodiment of the invention is mainly according to lithofacies paleographic map, can generate digital ancient elevation model (process of generating mesh grating file) very easily, thereby realize paleotopographic three-dimensional visible effect, in the present embodiment, topography and landform character in the former petrofacies paleoareal map can be reflected intuitively by three-dimensional land map, not only increased the landforms details, can also show the mountain range intuitively, the lowland, the distribution of shallow sea and deep-sea basin, change procedure, ancient geographical unit of omnibearing expression and environmental background thereof are palaeogeomorphology-deposition combination and oil reservoir relation, correlative studys such as ancient geography and oil-gas exploration provide valid approach.Acquisition methods in the embodiment of the invention also need not the parameter of specialty relatively, so operability is extremely strong, can adapt to the different scenes in the practical application.
With reference to figure 2, show a kind of process flow diagram that obtains the method embodiment 2 of three-dimensional paleotopographic map of the present invention, present embodiment can may further comprise the steps:
Step 201: the elevation scope of the palaeotopography and the ancient depth of water is set, and described elevation scope is used to represent the corresponding relation between sedimentary facies environment and the elevation.
Wherein, the elevation scope that is provided with in this step can reference example 1 shown in.In the present embodiment, be example with plot, Lhasa late Jurassic epoch lithofacies paleographic map, specifically can be with reference to shown in Figure 3.The arctogaean realm in plot, Lhasa is class's public affairs-Nujiang suture zone, and Nan Jie is a Yarlung Zangbo River suture zone, westwards joins with Kashmir Ladakh arc terrain, is extended down to the western regions of the Yunnan Province Tengchong landmass eastwards, and its thing is about 2500km, the wide 100-300km in north and south.Late Jurassic epoch to Cretaceous period end, the ancient geography in plot, Lhasa totally is sea basin folder peninsula general layout behind the arc, i.e. one of two sedimentary basin clamping under the active margin expose magmatic Arc.Major part is in marine facies, the grand land that is upgraded to of main body, and northern major part is the basin, and middle part and west and south area exposure have part land, highly are no more than 1000 meters, and southern edge is the eruption petrofacies, and for the exposed region in thing source is provided, there is a long and narrow marine facies basin northwest.Nonmarine deposit mainly by dash-proluvial, river and river plain sedimentary system form.Marine deposit is the shallow-sea facies combination that a cover mixes with carbonate and Lu Yuan chip, and the shore bank hands down and exposes land and be ribbon and distribute, and wide continental shelf is held on and exposes between the land, as seen goes into extra large delta facies at corresponding nearly Lu Yuan position.
Step 202: current paleoareal map is converted to corresponding total vector file, and described total vector file is split as land vector file and ocean vector file.
Paleoareal map shown in Figure 3 is converted to after total vector file, and this vector file can be with reference to shown in Figure 4.Because nature geography characteristic at first is the distribution of Hai Lu in the paleoareal map, next is the physical geographys at different levels unit of land and ocean interior, for example: the denudation area on land and lake, river, strand, shallow sea and pelagic deposit district etc., and the classification by lithology is the ancient land that degrades and the basin of deposition can be distinguished.Therefore, in the present embodiment, can from paleoareal map, extract the shore line as extra large land separator bar, its height value is set to 0 meter, after Hai Lu distinguished, ancient elevation and ancient depth of water two parts are handled respectively, be split as land vector file and ocean vector file in this step.
Step 203: be respectively described land vector file and ocean vector file and add corresponding elevation attribute field.
With reference to figure 5a and Fig. 5 b, be respectively the attribute field assignment interface synoptic diagram of the vector file of the ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water, each wire key element correspondence delegation's attribute on the map, and every capable attribute comprises a lot of fields again, for example: ID, shape and elevation etc.Attribute field is to add according to user's needs, and wherein elevation added afterwards.
Step 204:, be each the elevation attribute field assignment in land vector file and the ocean vector file according to the described elevation scope that presets.
With the elevation scope (table 1) that is provided with before every line feature contrast, height value is input in the elevation field then.
Step 205: generate corresponding ancient land ground elevation isogram and ancient ocean elevation isogram according to described assigned result.
With reference to figure 6a and Fig. 6 b, be respectively the ancient land ground elevation isogram and the ancient depth of water elevation isogram that generate according to described assigned result in the present embodiment simultaneously.
Step 206: receive the outgoing position that the user selects, and the cell size of raster grating file to be generated.
In the embodiment of the invention by the elevation isoline can interpolation generate digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model, DEM).Various sedimentary facies are being indicated corresponding landforms in the lithofacies paleographic map, can think that the elevation on sedimentary facies border is a basically identical, it can be thought level line, generate Palaeo-DEM according to utilizing above-mentioned algorithm to carry out interpolation after table 1 assignment.At first, in this step, needing the outgoing position (Output surface raster) of the raster grating file of reception user selection, promptly is the preservation position of determining the raster grating file, and the cell size of the raster grating file that generates, and promptly is resolution.A parameter of the raster data that generates is a resolution sizes, i.e. the sizing grid of the grating file of Sheng Chenging, and we are set to 1 and spend herein.
Step 207:, generate the grey level stretching figure of the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively according to described outgoing position, cell size, described ancient land ground elevation isoline and ancient ocean elevation isoline.
In this step, promptly be according to the parameter in the step 206, generate the process of the grey level stretching figure of the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively.In practical operation, can select the isoline file (Input feature data) of interpolation by the user, promptly be the isogram of the aforementioned ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water in the present example; Also needing in this example simultaneously to select corresponding elevation attribute field, promptly is the elevation field of adding, and can also select the level line type, promptly is that selection contour type is in order to carry out interpolation by level line.
With reference to figure 7a and Fig. 7 b, be the ancient land ground that generates respectively in this step and the grey level stretching figure of the ancient depth of water.
Step 208: each interval according to the elevation scope that presets is provided with the classification node to each grid among the described grey level stretching figure.
In the present embodiment, for various type of sedimentary facies and landforms elevation change in the outstanding paleoareal map, the classification node can be set according to the characteristics of each sedimentation type height value, corresponding selection simultaneously can be expressed the color of the face of land and the depth of water brightly, represents the continually varying gray-scale map to utilize discrete colored contour territory raster pattern.In this step, elevation can be divided into stage further: below-5000～-5000 ,-5000～-4900,-4900～-4000 ,-4000～-3000 ,-3000～-2900,-2900～-2000,-2000～-1000 ,-1000～-300 ,-300～-200,-200～-100,-100～-50 ,-50～-10 ,-10～0; 0～100,100～200,200～500,500～600,600～700,700～800,800～900,900～1000, and, more than 1000～1000.
Step 209:, described grey level stretching figure is played up the classification chromatic grating figure of the ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively according to different Show Colors being set respectively at described classification node.
In this step, at the different Show Color that is provided with, shown in figure 8a and Fig. 8 b, be respectively and play up the ancient land ground afterwards and the classification chromatic grating figure of the ancient depth of water.
Step 210: described raster grating file is carried out mask, from described raster grating file, extract mask figure as a result with border, original extra large land.
In this step, promptly be to utilize a known vector area as mask, go to extract the process of grid picture dot.Shown in figure 9a and Fig. 9 b, the mask that is respectively ancient land ground and ancient depth of water raster pattern is figure as a result.
In practice, from ancient land ground elevation isogram and ancient depth of water elevation isogram, extract border, ancient land ground and ancient depth of water border, utilize Feature to polygon function to convert these two line files to the face file respectively again.With reference to shown in Figure 10, be the line file on ancient land ground and ancient depth of water border.With reference to shown in Figure 11, be the synoptic diagram of the face file that generates ancient land ground and ancient depth of water border.
Simultaneously, because behind vector data generation raster file, the slit can appear in the intersection of two files in land, sea, therefore can also adopt the method that generates buffer zone in the present embodiment, utilize the buffer function that the face file that generates is added 5 meters buffer zone, to guarantee seamless effect between the border, extra large land.Generating on the buffer zone function interface, input will generate the file (being arranged in Imput Fearures dialog box) of buffer zone, storing path (being arranged in Output Feature Class dialog box) as a result, and buffer zone distance (being arranged in the Distance dialog box), the buffer zone distance is 5 meters under the preferable case, can well filling chink, can not cause too much overlapping again.
Step 211: the mask that splices the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water is figure as a result, obtains the elevation raster pattern of described paleoareal map.
With reference to Figure 12, for the digital ancient elevation grid raster pattern of the present invention after merging with the mask of the ancient land ground that generates and the ancient depth of water as a result figure be stitched together, generation can reflect corresponding age sedimentary facies and the ancient elevation model of paleotopographic numeral (promptly being the elevation raster pattern), and concrete height value contrast legend can obtain.In the present example, utilize the level line interpolation to generate the elevation raster pattern, set up the process of digital elevation model exactly.
Step 212: described elevation raster pattern is carried out three-dimensional visualization show, to obtain the three-dimensional land map of paleoareal map.
With reference to shown in Figure 13, in this object lesson, the three-dimensional land map of paleoareal map.In the present embodiment, operability is stronger than the method that needs professional parameter in the prior art, and combine the advantage of GIS, the digital elevation model that adopts the embodiment of the invention to set up can be more accurate and visual the palaeogeomorphology feature of expression paleoareal map, and compared to existing technology, promoted the efficient and the accuracy of conversion.
Need to prove, for aforesaid each method embodiment, for simple description, so it all is expressed as a series of combination of actions, but those skilled in the art should know, the present invention is not subjected to the restriction of described sequence of movement, because according to the present invention, some step can adopt other orders or carry out simultaneously.Secondly, those skilled in the art also should know, the embodiment described in the instructions all belongs to preferred embodiment, and related action and module might not be that the present invention is necessary.
With reference to shown in Figure 14, show a kind of structured flowchart that obtains the device embodiment 1 of three-dimensional paleotopographic map of the present invention, can comprise with lower module:
Conversion vector file module 1401 is used for current paleoareal map is converted to corresponding total vector file.
In the present embodiment, the raw data of obtaining three-dimensional paleotopographic map is a paleoareal map, at first needs lithofacies paleographic map is converted to the Shapefile file layout of ArcGIS, promptly is the total vector file corresponding with paleoareal map.This step promptly is the processing procedures such as vector quantization, registration and projection of the file of original picture format being carried out format conversion and raster data, and the vector data location in space of total vector file also must be correct, spatial data is different from attribute information, spatial data contains spatial information, promptly contains the data in geographic position.Also needing to carry out registration at vector data, promptly is at the spatial data that coordinate information is arranged, and by the mode of manual synchronizing, it is adjusted on the corresponding geographic position.
And in actual applications, if the face key element of sphere is projected on the plane, will inevitably produce and must be out of shape, therefore, can solve the problem of spatial data distortion of projection to the projection of vector file.Select suitable projective parameter can reduce distortion in practice, in the present embodiment according to residing position of survey region and scope, its projection type can be defined as Lambert conformal conic projection coordinate system, ellipsoidal parameter is Beijing 54 coordinate systems, engineer's scale is 1: 1000000, and first normal latitude (DMS) is that 280000, the second normal latitudes (DMS) are 370000, central meridian longitude (DMS) 880000, projection initial point latitude (DMS) 260000.Need to prove that the setting of projective parameter is not unique, and multiple mode can be arranged, but general purpose is to reduce the distortion that vector data produces because of projective transformation, at different survey regions, projective parameter can carry out corresponding modification as the case may be.
Generate isogram module 1402, be used for the height value that basis presets at described total vector file, generate corresponding elevation isogram; Described height value obtains according to the elevation scope and the setting of elevation attribute field of presetting.
In the present embodiment, need preset the elevation scope, when presetting the elevation scope, need be provided with in conjunction with the characteristics in pending paleoareal map and the geographic position in the reality.In actual applications, paleocurrent all has vital role to analyzing in palaeotopography is differentiated with the thing source, and the river generally is to flow to low-lying by high elevation, so the paleocurrent in river is to also being the paleotopographic important evidence of differentiation.Paleocurrent is to can be by analyzing measurement statistics, the source area of directional bea con (for example: flowing water ripple mark, wash away mould, channel mould, ditch mould or gravel occurrence etc.) and the grain size of sediment analysis of trend waits and demarcates.A large amount of sedimentary facies such as stream-laid deposit, delta, lake originate in negative land form, and for example slide rock, eluvial facies and palaeosol generally appear at positive landform, and palaeosol, weathering crust also are the products of positive landform.
Generating mesh grating file module 1403 is used for the raster grating file that the described elevation isoline of foundation generates total vector file.In this step, promptly be according to the elevation isogram, utilize the landform Core Generator (Topo to Raster) under the ArcGIS, respectively ancient land ground and ancient depth of water isogram are generated corresponding raster grating file.In practice, the position of the output grating file that need select according to the user and generate the cell size (promptly being resolution) of grating file at first generates corresponding grey level stretching figure.Wherein, described cell size promptly is the sizing grid that generates the grating file, can be set to 1 degree in embodiments of the present invention.Wherein, described grey level stretching figure is the rectangle grey level stretching figure that the maximum length and width coordinate of total vector file forms.
In actual applications, each grid value corresponding is just represented the height value of this point.In the present embodiment according to the morphologic characteristics of survey region and the corresponding height value characteristics of deposition, can design the classification node, with outstanding sedimentary facies and the morphologic characteristics of giving expression to, for example, an elevation scope interval in table 1 is a level, and the rank of classification herein can not be greater than corresponding elevation scope, and classification is close more, the details that embodies is many more, and those skilled in the art can be provided with according to the actual requirements.
After the classification, can different colors be set at each grade, the general expression custom according to digital elevation model can be provided with specific hill shading color scheme to different morphologic characteristicss.For example, land is the colored hill shading by the elevation classification, can emphasize the stereoscopic sensation of relief with the layer colours ratio juris.For example, low plain is adjusted to the master with green, and in addition the massif landforms, are gone back fibrous root and according to the different landforms elevation change certain gradual change color is set with yellow, orange-yellow.Simultaneously, marine environment is divided into the littoral zone, the neritic marine zone, and bathyal zone, the marine environment that bathymetric fascia etc. are different carries out playing up of ancient ocean according to the bathymetric chart of ocean, mainly selects blue colour system, and changes blueness with the depth of water and deepen.In this step, carry out after the setting of extension set node, can generate corresponding classification chromatic grating figure according to grey level stretching figure.
Utilize the raster grating file that generates in the vector edges bound pair step 103 to carry out mask, can from histogram, reduce out raster pattern with border, original extra large land, the raster grating file is carried out 3-D display and played up, promptly under ArcScene, generated three-dimensional land map.Concrete, numerical value in the raster grating file in each grid is represented the height value of corresponding picture dot, utilize the three-dimensional scenic function of ArcScene, with the height value of each picture dot as the Z value in the three dimensional space coordinate system, thereby the stereo display of realization elevation model in three dimensions.
The embodiment of the invention is mainly according to lithofacies paleographic map, can generate digital ancient elevation model (process of generating mesh grating file) very easily, thereby realize paleotopographic three-dimensional visible effect, in the present embodiment, topography and landform character in the former petrofacies paleoareal map can be reflected intuitively by three-dimensional land map, not only increased the landforms details, can also show the mountain range intuitively, the lowland, the distribution of shallow sea and deep-sea basin, change procedure, ancient geographical unit of omnibearing expression and environmental background thereof are palaeogeomorphology-deposition combination and oil reservoir relation, correlative studys such as ancient geography and oil-gas exploration provide valid approach.Acquisition methods in the embodiment of the invention also need not the parameter of specialty relatively, so operability is extremely strong, can adapt to the different scenes in the practical application.
With reference to Figure 15, show a kind of structured flowchart that obtains the device embodiment 2 of three-dimensional paleotopographic map of the present invention, can comprise with lower module:
Conversion vector file module 1401 is used for current paleoareal map is converted to corresponding total vector file.
Add submodule 1503, be used to be respectively described land vector file and ocean vector file and add corresponding elevation attribute field.
Generate submodule 1505, be used for generating corresponding ancient land ground elevation isogram and ancient ocean elevation isogram according to described assigned result.
Receive submodule 1506, be used to receive the outgoing position that the user selects, and the cell size of raster grating file to be generated.
Generate grey level stretching figure submodule 1507, be used for generating the grey level stretching figure of the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively according to described outgoing position, cell size, described ancient land ground elevation isoline and ancient ocean elevation isoline.
Play up submodule 1509, be used for described grey level stretching figure being played up the classification chromatic grating figure of the ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively according to different Show Colors being set respectively at described classification node.
3-D display submodule 1512 is used for that described elevation raster pattern is carried out three-dimensional visualization and shows, to obtain the three-dimensional land map of paleoareal map.
Need to prove that each embodiment in this instructions all adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, what each embodiment stressed all is and the difference of other embodiment that identical similar part is mutually referring to getting final product between each embodiment.For device class embodiment, because it is similar substantially to method embodiment, so description is fairly simple, relevant part gets final product referring to the part explanation of method embodiment.
Need to prove, term " comprises ", " comprising " or its any other variant are intended to contain comprising of nonexcludability, thereby make and comprise that process, method, article or the equipment of a series of key elements not only comprise those key elements, but also comprise other key elements of clearly not listing, or also be included as this process, method, article or equipment intrinsic key element.Do not having under the situation of more restrictions, the key element that limits by statement " comprising ... ", and be not precluded within process, method, article or the equipment that comprises described key element and also have other identical element.
More than a kind of device that obtains the method for three-dimensional paleotopographic map and obtain three-dimensional paleotopographic map provided by the present invention is described in detail, used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, the part that all can change in specific embodiments and applications, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method of obtaining three-dimensional paleotopographic map is characterized in that, comprising:
Current paleoareal map is converted to corresponding total vector file;
According to the height value that presets at described total vector file, generate corresponding elevation isogram; Described height value obtains according to the elevation scope and the setting of elevation attribute field of presetting;
Generate the raster grating file of total vector file according to described elevation isoline;
Get access to the three-dimensional land map of described paleoareal map according to described raster grating file.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The elevation scope of the palaeotopography and the ancient depth of water is set, and described elevation scope is used to represent the corresponding relation between sedimentary facies environment and the elevation.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the height value that described basis presets at described total vector file generates corresponding elevation isogram, specifically comprises:
Described total vector file is split as land vector file and ocean vector file;
Be respectively described land vector file and ocean vector file and add corresponding elevation attribute field;
According to the described elevation scope that presets, be each the elevation attribute field assignment in land vector file and the ocean vector file;
Generate corresponding ancient land ground elevation isogram and ancient ocean elevation isogram according to described assigned result.
4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the described elevation isoline of described foundation generates the raster grating file of total vector file, specifically comprises:
Receive the outgoing position that the user selects, and the cell size of raster grating file to be generated;
According to described outgoing position, cell size, described ancient land ground elevation isoline and ancient ocean elevation isoline, generate the grey level stretching figure of the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively;
Each interval according to the elevation scope that presets is provided with the classification node to each grid among the described grey level stretching figure;
According to different Show Colors being set respectively, described grey level stretching figure is played up the classification chromatic grating figure of the ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively at described classification node.
5. as any described method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that the described raster grating file of described foundation gets access to the three-dimensional land map of described paleoareal map, specifically comprises:
Described raster grating file is carried out mask, from described raster grating file, extract mask figure as a result with border, original extra large land;
The mask that splices the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water is figure as a result, obtains the elevation raster pattern of described paleoareal map;
Described elevation raster pattern is carried out three-dimensional visualization show, to obtain the three-dimensional land map of paleoareal map.
6. a device that obtains three-dimensional paleotopographic map is characterized in that, comprising:
The conversion vector file module is used for current paleoareal map is converted to corresponding total vector file;
Generate the isogram module, be used for the height value that basis presets at described total vector file, generate corresponding elevation isogram; Described height value obtains according to the elevation scope and the setting of elevation attribute field of presetting;
Generating mesh grating file module is used for the raster grating file that the described elevation isoline of foundation generates total vector file;
Acquisition module is used for the three-dimensional land map that the described raster grating file of foundation gets access to described paleoareal map.
7. device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The elevation range module is set, is used to be provided with the elevation scope of the palaeotopography and the ancient depth of water, described elevation scope is used to represent the corresponding relation between sedimentary facies environment and the elevation.
8. device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described generation isogram module specifically comprises:
Split submodule, be used for described total vector file is split as land vector file and ocean vector file;
Add submodule, be used to be respectively described land vector file and ocean vector file and add corresponding elevation attribute field;
The assignment submodule is used for the elevation scope that presets according to described, is each the elevation attribute field assignment in land vector file and the ocean vector file;
Generate submodule, be used for generating corresponding ancient land ground elevation isogram and ancient ocean elevation isogram according to described assigned result.
9. device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described generating mesh grating file module specifically comprises:
Receive submodule, be used to receive the outgoing position that the user selects, and the cell size of raster grating file to be generated;
Generate grey level stretching figure submodule, be used for generating the grey level stretching figure of the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively according to described outgoing position, cell size, described ancient land ground elevation isoline and ancient ocean elevation isoline;
The classification submodule is used for each interval according to the elevation scope that presets, and each grid among the described grey level stretching figure is provided with the classification node;
Play up submodule, be used for described grey level stretching figure being played up the classification chromatic grating figure of the ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water respectively according to different Show Colors being set respectively at described classification node.
10. device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described acquisition module specifically comprises:
Extract submodule, be used for described raster grating file is carried out mask, from described raster grating file, extract mask figure as a result with border, original extra large land;
The splicing submodule, the mask that is used to splice the described ancient land ground and the ancient depth of water is figure as a result, obtains the elevation raster pattern of described paleoareal map;
The 3-D display submodule is used for that described elevation raster pattern is carried out three-dimensional visualization and shows, to obtain the three-dimensional land map of paleoareal map.
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