CN101738164A - Method for demarcating four-quadrant detector in real time - Google Patents
Method for demarcating four-quadrant detector in real time Download PDFInfo
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- CN101738164A CN101738164A CN200810227104A CN200810227104A CN101738164A CN 101738164 A CN101738164 A CN 101738164A CN 200810227104 A CN200810227104 A CN 200810227104A CN 200810227104 A CN200810227104 A CN 200810227104A CN 101738164 A CN101738164 A CN 101738164A
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- glass slide
- photodiode detector
- quadrant photodiode
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- object image
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical measuring system. The system comprises a four-quadrant photodiode detector, a detected-object image generating device and a stepping motor which is provided with a glass slide and can drive the glass slide to vibrate, wherein the stepping motor is arranged between the four-quadrant photodiode detector and the detected-object image generating device and enables light rays radiated from the detected-object image generating device to the four-quadrant photodiode detector to straightly penetrate through the glass slide on the stepping motor. Based on the relationship between the distance of the light rays shifted by the glass slide and the output signals of the four-quadrant photodiode detector, the invention directly demarcates the switching coefficient between the output voltage of the four-quadrant photodiode and the displacement of the image of the detected object without making any regulation to the original light path system, thereby achieving the advantages of simple and convenient operation and real-time and accurate acquisition of experimental parameters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the scaling method of optical device, particularly a kind of method of demarcating four-quadrant detector in real time
Background technology
Four-quadrant photodiode detector (QD) is that four identical photodiodes of performance are arranged the photoelectric detector that forms according to the rectangular coordinate requirement, is usually used in laser guidance or the laser alignment.It has highly sensitive, response speed fast (can reach inferior millisecond magnitude), measuring accuracy height, acquired signal with the digital form storage, be easy to characteristics such as subsequent treatment, so it has obtained people's attention and application in the displacement measurement field.The basic structure of four-quadrant photodiode detector as shown in Figure 1, it is made up of four photodiodes with identical parameters, these four photodiodes lay respectively at four quadrants of a disc.When rayed is on detector, because photovoltaic effect, every diode will be exported a current signal that is proportional to own surface light power, and they are respectively I
1, I
2, I
3And I
4When being detected that object is made slight lateral or when vertically moving, shown in the circle of the grey among Fig. 1, to cause the variation of the difference of the difference that projects part luminous power about the four-quadrant photodiode detector or top and the bottom luminous power, thereby cause the variation of corresponding photocurrent.About and the difference DELTA I of top and the bottom luminous power
xWith Δ I
yCan be expressed as follows respectively:
ΔI
x(I
1+I
4)-(I
2+I
3) (1)
ΔI
y＝(I
1+I
2)-(I
3+I
4) (2)
Δ I in the following formula
xWith Δ I
yBe directly proportional with the horizontal amount of movement that is detected object image and the amount of vertically moving respectively.The photocurrent that object image causes converts voltage to by four road current-voltage conversion circuits again, then through summing circuit and get difference circuit and carry out computing, just can obtain representing at last object position (x, output voltage signal y) on planimetric rectangular coordinates.
Want the displacement of accurate Measuring Object,, promptly draw the transformational relation between displacement and output voltage signal, the demarcation of the transformational relation between displacement and output voltage signal is directly connected to the accuracy of ohject displacement measurement with regard to demarcating QD earlier.At list of references 1 " HL Guo; CX Liu; ZL Li; JFDuan; XH Han; BY Cheng and DZ Zhang, Displacement and force measurementswith quadrant photodetector in optical tweezers, Chin.Phys.Lett.2003, Vol.20, No.6, pp 950-952 " in provided a kind of traditional scaling method, the x of this scaling method by mobile QD, the y axle scans object image; obtain image with respect to the displacement of QD and the relation curve of output voltage, can draw image with respect to the displacement of QD and the conversion coefficient of output voltage by the point in the curve neutral line scope being made linear fit.In Fig. 2, just provided in above-mentioned traditional scaling method, when the bead that four-quadrant photodiode detector and ligh trap are caught relatively moves, the change curve of output voltage.
Traditional scaling method needs the adjustable diameter and screw adjusting knob pointwise of manual shift QD to change the displacement of QD, thereby produces image moving with respect to QD.The method inconvenient operation, length consuming time, and may cause the measuring error of final conversion coefficient because the instability of system, QD displacement are regulated out of true etc., thus further experimental result is brought influence.In addition, the conversion coefficient of the displacement-voltage that obtains in traditional scaling method can only be applied to and this time QD demarcate in same object.If body form is irregular or size is different, will adopt different conversion coefficients.But in experimentation, there are certain difference in size, the shape of each material object, each corresponding conversion coefficient in kind does not have operability to utilize traditional scaling method to obtain to test at that time, and the coefficient that calibration obtains before adopting must bring error to experiment.At last, traditional scaling method is not suitable for destructible objects such as biological cell are done repeatedly demarcation, has limited the usable range of method.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome to traditional scaling method operation inconvenience of four-quadrant photodiode detector, length consuming time, cause the defective of measuring error easily, thereby a kind of simple to operate, four-quadrant photoelectric diode detector that measuring accuracy is high is provided.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of optical measuring system, comprise the four-quadrant photodiode detector, and be detected the object image generating apparatus; Also comprise and glass slide is installed and can drives the step motor that described glass slide is done vibration; Wherein,
Described step motor is positioned at described four-quadrant photodiode detector and described being detected between the object image generating apparatus, and makes the light that is detected object image generating apparatus directive four-quadrant photodiode detector just in time pass the glass slide on the described step motor.
In the technique scheme, described step motor drives glass slide and does square wave vibration.
In the technique scheme, the square wave vibration angle of the glass slide that described step motor drove is between ± 7.5 °.
In the technique scheme, the vibration frequency of described step motor is 2Hz.
The present invention also provides the method for real-time calibration four-quadrant photodiode detector on a kind of described optical measuring system, comprising:
Step 1), open described step motor, drive described glass slide by described step motor and do square wave vibration;
Step 2), the described light that is detected object image that has that is detected that the object image generating apparatus sends passes described glass slide and shines on the described four-quadrant photodiode detector, when described glass slide is done square wave vibration, be detected object image and be moved, obtain the output voltage signal of described four-quadrant photodiode detector with respect to described four-quadrant photodiode detector;
Step 3), according to step 2) output voltage signal that obtains, and glass slide is detected the displacement of object image with respect to described four-quadrant photodiode detector when doing square wave vibration, calculate the displacement of described four-quadrant photodiode detector and the conversion coefficient of output voltage, realize demarcation described four-quadrant photodiode detector.
In the technique scheme, in described step 3), described glass slide is detected object image and obtains by demarcation with respect to the displacement of described four-quadrant photodiode detector when doing square wave vibration, and described demarcation comprises:
Be detected object image when step 3-1), gathering the vibration of described glass slide in resulting a series of smooth hydrazines with the video charge-coupled image sensor;
Step 3-2), employing grey scale centre of gravity method obtains being detected the position of object image, thereby obtains being detected the displacement of object image with respect to described four-quadrant photodiode detector.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, distance and the relation output signal of four-quadrant photodiode detector between of the present invention by glass slide translation light directly calibrates the output voltage of four-quadrant photodiode and is detected conversion coefficient between the blurring of object, and need not any adjusting is done by the original optical path system, thereby have simple and quick, as can to obtain experiment parameter real-time and accurately advantage.
2, the present invention can do real-time demarcation for specific object, thereby has overcome object to be detected dimensional uniformity problem and repeatedly use the defective of being brought for once demarcating of classic method.
3, the present invention does not do such as operation such as moving object to be detected itself, can object to be detected not impacted, and is with a wide range of applications.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of four-quadrant photodiode detector;
The change curve of output voltage when the bead that Fig. 2 catches for the four-quadrant photodiode detector that adopts traditional scaling method and obtain and ligh trap relatively moves;
Fig. 3 is for adopting the light channel structure synoptic diagram of the optical optical tweezers system of the inventive method in one embodiment;
The voltage signal curve map that the four-quadrant photodiode detector was exported when Fig. 4 did square wave vibration for glass sheet.
The drawing explanation
1 Halogen lamp LED, 2 first lens, 3 first catoptrons
4 first optical filterings, 5 condensers, 6 object planes
7 mercury lamps, 8 second optical filterings, 9 first dichronic mirrors
10 object lens, 11 attachment objectives, 12 second dichronic mirrors
13 second lens, 14 eyepieces 15 the 4th dichronic mirror
19 first extender lenses, 20 second extender lenses, 21 second catoptrons
22 the 3rd extender lenses 23 the 3rd dichronic mirror 24 the 4th extender lens
25 four-quadrant photodiode detectors, 26 glass slide
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is illustrated.
In one embodiment of the invention, be example with common optical optical tweezers system, in this system, how utilizing method of the present invention be illustrated.
In Fig. 3, provided the synoptic diagram of an optical optical tweezers system, as can be seen from the figure, this optical optical tweezers system includes one and is inverted the research optical microscope, a charge-coupled image sensor (CCD, ChargeCoupled Device) and a four-quadrant photodiode detector (QD), in addition, also include other necessary optical elements, as lens, catoptron etc.Wherein, being inverted the research optical microscope is partly represented by the frame of broken lines among the figure, it includes Halogen lamp LED (Halogen Lamp) 1, first lens 2, first catoptron 3, first optical filtering 4, the condenser 5 common Koehler illuminators of forming, to form uniform bright field illumination on object plane 6; Mercury lamp 7, second optical filtering 8 and first dichronic mirror 9 are formed fluorescent lighting system; Object lens 10, attachment objective 11, second dichronic mirror 12, second lens 13, eyepiece 14 are formed the unlimited imaging system of optical tube length, make the sample that is in object plane 6 become a virtual image of amplifying at eyepiece 14 places, the 4th dichronic mirror 15 is imaged onto sample on the CCD 16 simultaneously; Bottom outlet 17 is used for the introduction of laser and the outlet of additional imaging optical path.1064nm laser 18 expands and restraints into directional light through first extender lens 19, second extender lens 20, is reflected into inverted microscope through second catoptron 21, and the 3rd extender lens 22 and microscopical Tube lens coupling make laser become directional light.Expand light beam behind the bundle and must be full of pupil behind the object lens,, form stable ligh trap to guarantee producing enough intensity gradient.Object lens 10, attachment objective 11, the 3rd dichronic mirror 23, the 4th extender lens 24 are formed imaging system, object plane 6 are imaged onto on the photosurface of four-quadrant photodiode detector 25, are used for the dynamic surveillance and the record of experimentation.In the present embodiment, be inverted the research optical microscope and can adopt Leica DMIRB, CCD can adopt CoolSNAP-fx, and the four-quadrant photodiode detector then can adopt HAMAMATSU1557-03.
Behind the optical optical tweezers system that is as above disposed, can be that 1 micron polystyrene sphere is measured to diameter.In this measuring process, QD is used to monitor the displacement information that polystyrene sphere departs from the ligh trap center.As the description in the background technology, before the displacement of adopting QD p-poly-phenyl ethene bead is monitored, need do demarcation to QD, to draw the transformational relation between displacement and output voltage signal.In the method for the invention, with a thickness is that the common glass slide 26 of 1.0mm is installed on the step motor, before then described glass slide 26 being placed QD25, make glass slide 26 when static, light can vertically pass and arrive described QD25.The glass slide 26 that the step motor that is adopted can be controlled on it is done square wave vibration, in order to guarantee that QD produced in the square wave vibration process signal is in the linear zone (place that shows with the thick line segment table among Fig. 2) of Fig. 2, therefore, in the present embodiment, the square wave vibration angle of glass slide is between ± 7.5 °, and the vibration frequency of step motor then is 2Hz.But those of ordinary skill in the art should understand, the thickness of the square wave vibration angle of glass slide, the vibration frequency of step motor and even glass slide is not limited to above-mentioned data related in the present embodiment, and the technician can adjust according to actual needs.
Lay glass slide in the light path before QD, and when do under the drive of this glass slide at step motor ± during 7.5 ° square wave vibration, according to the principle of light through generation translation behind the sheet glass, when glass slide deflects into two different angles, emergent ray will be moved, thereby make the image of polystyrene sphere to be detected be positioned at two diverse locations of QD.According to the principle of work of QD self, as shown in Figure 4, QD can produce the output voltage signal that a series of frequencies are the square wave type of 2Hz, can obtain the square-wave signal peak-to-peak value according to these output voltage signals.Can know the data relevant by this operation, obtain the displacement of QD and the conversion coefficient of output voltage, obviously also need the data relevant with displacement with output voltage.
The bead image carried out timing signal with respect to the distance that QD moves when glass slide was made square wave vibration, can substitute QD with a video CCD, polystyrene sphere image when gathering the glass slide vibration then in resulting a series of ligh traps is handled the position that can obtain the polystyrene sphere image with the grey scale centre of gravity method again.Conditions such as change bead size take multiple measurements, and find the repeated fine of system, and factors such as image position and bead size are irrelevant.To repeatedly obtaining after the measurement data statistical average: the polystyrene sphere image is 91.6 ± 0.9 μ m with respect to QD displacement.Also just obtain polystyrene sphere by this operation and departed from the displacement information at ligh trap center.In the present embodiment with said method realized to the measurement of displacement related data, but those skilled in the art should understand, and the measurement of displacement is not limited to said method, other method can adopt equally in the prior art.In addition, need to prove, because step motor is repeated fine, as long as all be the identical angle of swing at every turn, its displacement is exactly a fixing value so, so the demarcation of the distance that the bead image moved with respect to QD when glass slide was made square wave vibration only need be done once and get final product, and need not to repeat.
After having obtained aforesaid square-wave signal peak-to-peak value and the displacement of polystyrene sphere image, just can draw the displacement of QD and the conversion coefficient of output voltage apace with respect to QD.As seen from Figure 4, the size of resulting square-wave signal peak-to-peak value is about 250mV in the present embodiment, and the polystyrene sphere image is 91.6 ± 0.9 μ m with respect to the displacement of QD, and can calculate the polystyrene sphere image thus is 5.47 ± 0.05mV/ μ m with respect to displacement-voltage transitions coefficient of QD.And if obtain calibration curve, and be 5.46mV/ μ m with respect to displacement-voltage transitions coefficient of QD to resulting polystyrene sphere image after the linear segment match wherein as Fig. 2 with the classic method of regulating the QD position.The result's that above-mentioned two kinds of methods obtain difference only is 0.01mV/ μ m, less than 0.2%, just proved that also this method is accurately and reliably, its relative error is less than 1%, utilize the method can obtain experiment parameter accurately fast in real time, improve experimental precision, and on the simplicity of operation, improve a lot.
In the above-described embodiment, with common optical optical tweezers system is example, realization and effect to the inventive method all are described, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand, method of the present invention is not confined to use in the optical optical tweezers system, in other measuring system, the precision measurement system that workpiece moves in the measuring system that moves as the atomic force microscope cantilever, the industrial machinery processing etc. can adopt method of the present invention equally.
It should be noted last that above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is made amendment or is equal to replacement, do not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. an optical measuring system comprises the four-quadrant photodiode detector, and is detected the object image generating apparatus; It is characterized in that, also comprise glass slide being installed and driving the step motor that described glass slide is done vibration; Wherein,
Described step motor is positioned at described four-quadrant photodiode detector and described being detected between the object image generating apparatus, and makes the light that is detected object image generating apparatus directive four-quadrant photodiode detector just in time pass the glass slide on the described step motor.
2. optical measuring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step motor drives glass slide and does square wave vibration.
3. optical measuring system according to claim 2 is characterized in that the square wave vibration angle of the glass slide that described step motor drove is between ± 7.5 °.
4. optical measuring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the vibration frequency of described step motor is 2Hz.
5. the method for a real-time calibration four-quadrant photodiode detector on the optical measuring system of one of claim 1-4 comprises:
Step 1), open described step motor, drive described glass slide by described step motor and do square wave vibration;
Step 2), the described light that is detected object image that has that is detected that the object image generating apparatus sends passes described glass slide and shines on the described four-quadrant photodiode detector, when described glass slide is done square wave vibration, be detected object image and be moved, obtain the output voltage signal of described four-quadrant photodiode detector with respect to described four-quadrant photodiode detector;
Step 3), according to step 2) output voltage signal that obtains, and glass slide is detected the displacement of object image with respect to described four-quadrant photodiode detector when doing square wave vibration, calculate the displacement of described four-quadrant photodiode detector and the conversion coefficient of output voltage, realize demarcation described four-quadrant photodiode detector.
6. the method for real-time calibration four-quadrant photodiode detector according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in described step 3), described glass slide is detected object image and obtains by demarcation with respect to the displacement of described four-quadrant photodiode detector when doing square wave vibration, described demarcation comprises:
Be detected object image when step 3-1), gathering the vibration of described glass slide in resulting a series of smooth hydrazines with the video charge-coupled image sensor;
Step 3-2), employing grey scale centre of gravity method obtains being detected the position of object image, thereby obtains being detected the displacement of object image with respect to described four-quadrant photodiode detector.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106596079A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Testing device of four-quadrant detecting photoelectric system, and adjusting and testing method |
| CN106653136A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-05-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Apparatus and method of calibrating particle position detector in dual-beam trap system |
| CN108351507A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2018-07-31 | 株式会社捷太格特 | Optical tweezers device |
| CN109141868A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-04 | 合肥工业大学 | The measuring device and measuring method of precision bearing system error motion |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2799281B1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2002-04-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING A MOLECULAR RECOGNITION REACTION |
| US6657219B2 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2003-12-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Optical detection and measurement system |
| CN1259558C (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2006-06-14 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Modular atomic force microscope |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108351507A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2018-07-31 | 株式会社捷太格特 | Optical tweezers device |
| CN108351507B (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2020-08-25 | 株式会社捷太格特 | Optical tweezers device |
| US10838188B2 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2020-11-17 | Jtekt Corporation | Optical tweezers device |
| CN106653136A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-05-10 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Apparatus and method of calibrating particle position detector in dual-beam trap system |
| CN106653136B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-12-29 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | The method for demarcating particles position detector in dual-beam optical trap system |
| CN106596079A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-04-26 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Testing device of four-quadrant detecting photoelectric system, and adjusting and testing method |
| CN109141868A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-04 | 合肥工业大学 | The measuring device and measuring method of precision bearing system error motion |
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