CN101733482A - Method for digital control processing of arc-shaped end teeth based on calibration of machining accuracy indexes - Google Patents
Method for digital control processing of arc-shaped end teeth based on calibration of machining accuracy indexes Download PDFInfo
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- CN101733482A CN101733482A CN200910248599A CN200910248599A CN101733482A CN 101733482 A CN101733482 A CN 101733482A CN 200910248599 A CN200910248599 A CN 200910248599A CN 200910248599 A CN200910248599 A CN 200910248599A CN 101733482 A CN101733482 A CN 101733482A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for digital control processing of arc-shaped end teeth based on calibration of machining accuracy indexes, which relates to a digital control processing method and is used in the field of processing industrial products. The method for the digital control processing of the arc-shaped end teeth based on the calibration of machining accuracy indexes introduces a processing strategy for calibrating the machining accuracy and the cutting consumption through simulation analysis, is directly used for the digital control processing of the arc-shaped end teeth, is a method for directly performing the digital control processing based on the result of the simulation analysis, integrates the simulation analysis and a digital control processing technique by adopting the processing strategy for calibrating the machining accuracy and the cutting consumption through the simulation analysis, and solves the problems in processing the arc-shaped end teeth. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, solving theoretical meshing parameters of full-size boxed dimension arc-shaped end teeth; and secondly, calibrating the machining accuracy and the cutting consumption based on the simulation analysis to directly generate tracks of a digital control processing tool.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of numerical-control processing method, particularly relate to a kind of arc-shaped end teeth control processing method of demarcating based on the machining accuracy index; Be the arc-shaped end teeth control processing method of demarcating machining accuracy index and cutting parameter by simulation analysis, be used for the industrial products manufacture field.
Background technology:
The circular arc end tooth is a kind of end face spline coupling of precision, except transmitting the moment of torsion, can also accurately guarantee two axialities that interconnect part, has the incomparable advantage of other end face coupling.In the rotor structure of advanced aero-engine, extensively adopt the arc end gear coupling.
Circular arc end tooth class part material is timeliness state high temperature alloy, belongs to difficult-to-machine material, and hardness is up to more than the HRC43, and difficulty of processing is very big.Because the particularity of arc end toothing for a long time, all adopts special-purpose circular arc end tooth gear grinding machines to process both at home and abroad.
Summary of the invention:
At the problem that all adopts special gear grinding machines that the circular arc end tooth is processed both at home and abroad at present, the invention provides a kind of arc-shaped end teeth control processing method of demarcating based on the machining accuracy index, this method is introduced the Processing Strategies that simulation analysis is demarcated machining accuracy and cutting data, be directly used in the digital control processing at circular arc end tooth position, be a kind of based on simulation analysis direct numerical control method for processing as a result, this method is carried out simulation analysis and Computerized Numerical Control processing technology by the Processing Strategies taking simulation analysis and demarcate machining accuracy and cutting data integrated, has solved the processing problems at circular arc end tooth position.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme, and a kind of arc-shaped end teeth control processing method of demarcating based on the machining accuracy index comprises the steps:
Step 1: carry out the theoretical meshing parameter of full-scale circular arc end tooth and find the solution
At first, be maximum principles according to the number of teeth of flank of tooth center rotation institute envelope, the digital information of the 3D solid profile that emulation flank of tooth rotary body and part are crossing and the difference of profile of tooth, and flank of tooth pivot position and radius value data be optimized adjustment;
Then, initially determine circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot position and radius value, and utilize curve, the entity simulation analysis circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot position of these structures and radius value is found the solution and feature extraction;
At last, carry out flank of tooth entity structure, find the solution form parameter, and calculate the geological information of these corresponding points, finally preliminary treatment is carried out in flank of tooth pivot position and radius value by being optimized adjusted flank of tooth pivot position and radius value;
Step 2: directly generate the numerical control machining cutter track based on simulation analysis demarcation machining accuracy and cutting output
At first, come the circular arc end tooth flank of tooth of constructing variableization as the control point to carry out pretreated flank of tooth pivot position and radius value;
Then, the circular arc end tooth flank of tooth curved surface with structure is divided into different machining areas;
At last, utilization " simulation analysis demarcates machining accuracy and cutting output directly generates the numerical control machining cutter track " processing measure produces thick, finishing tool track; At each machining area, its processing is independently, and promptly the processing to whole curved surface is that all machining areas are carried out independent processing respectively;
Determine residual height:
H＝D
C/2-SQUARE(D
C 2-a
e 2)/2，D
W＝2SQUARE(a
p(D
C-a
p))
In the formula: the residual height of H-, D
C-tool diameter, a
e-cutting width, Dw-working diameter, a
p-cutting depth;
Determine to remove quantity of material:
Computing formula is as follows:
In the formula, Δ P-cutting output, HR-realizes measuring height, H1-standard component pitch circle height, H2-circular arc end tooth base is accurate to tooth top end face height, and the H3-tooth top is to the pitch circle height.
Described in the step 1 to carry out the concrete solution procedure that the theoretical meshing parameter of full-scale circular arc end tooth finds the solution as follows:
(1), initially determine flank of tooth pitch circle position and radius r:
At first, known part circular arc end tooth center radius is R, sets circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot and part center on same straight line, supposes R ≈ r, L=1.4R, and wherein, L is the distance of center circle of part arc end pitch circle and flank of tooth pitch circle;
Then, initially determine the position of flank of tooth pivot;
(2), determining of flank of tooth pitch radius:
If the number of teeth is n, transverse tooth thickness distribution rough calculation such as press, the tooth on the part arc end pitch circle is long to be circumference/2n;
Set recessed tooth element A/a=1.3～1.4 or double wedge element A/a=1.2～1.3, slightly decide coordinate points 1, point 2 on the flank of tooth pitch circle, adjust flank of tooth centre of pitch circle, determine the accurate coordinate position of flank of tooth pitch circle according to the position of coordinate points 1, point 2;
According to flank of tooth centre of pitch circle coordinate position, revise flank of tooth pitch radius value, determine flank of tooth pitch radius accurately.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, the viewpoint that discards tradition up hill and dale of the present invention, and open up new approaches audaciously: the discreet value of given series of discrete radius, utilize the discrete data point of be scheduled to construct the circular arc end tooth for the position of controlling pivot.Owing to set the maximum and maximum principle of flank of tooth intensity of flank of tooth area, and utilize the position of discrete data point control flank of tooth pivot, need not carry out finding the solution of equation, therefore, required calculating is less, and profile of tooth of obtaining and working size can satisfy the design performance index requirement;
2, the present invention improves traditional discrete data → numerical control machining cutter trail file algorithm, utilize the job specification of the flank of tooth, with the flank of tooth pivot discrete data point of choosing is the position of control profile of tooth, the structure flank of tooth is to calculate the profile of tooth geometric parameter, make people can obtain information such as work curvature, geometry, and then discrete data carried out preliminary treatment, and improve working (machining) efficiency by the digital control processing strategy of implementing " simulation analysis is demarcated machining accuracy and cutting output ".At circular arc end tooth entity component, the more existing special-purpose gear grinding machines process technology adaptability of the present invention is stronger, can be used for various based on digitized manufacturing industry.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot and the part center schematic diagram on same straight line;
Fig. 2 is the processing schematic diagram of double wedge workpiece;
Fig. 3 is the processing schematic diagram of recessed tooth workpiece;
Fig. 4 is the circumference expanding map of arc end gear coupling;
Fig. 5 cuts the shape schematic diagram of section for circular arc end tooth center;
Fig. 6 is the three-dimensional digital model of circular arc end tooth;
Fig. 7 is for determining the schematic diagram of flank of tooth pivot position;
Fig. 8 slightly decides the schematic diagram of the coordinate points on the flank of tooth pitch circle;
Fig. 9 is residual high computational schematic diagram;
Figure 10 calculates schematic diagram for removing quantity of material;
Figure 11 is optimized work flow figure of the present invention.
The specific embodiment:
The circular arc end tooth is made of protruding, recessed two kinds of profiles of tooth, and protruding, recessed two kinds of profiles of tooth are evenly distributed on the part end face.Double wedge, recessed tooth are the engagement of full-depth tooth face, and promptly the toothed surface curvature of double wedge or recessed tooth equates, double wedge or recessed tooth can closely cooperate and be linked together like this, have guaranteed that each tooth, can evenly stressed, self-centering when transmitting moment of torsion.The shape that section is cut at circular arc end tooth center as shown in Figure 5, the field of conjugate action of circular arc end tooth is 30 ° of conical surfaces.
Numerical-control processing method for a better understanding of the present invention, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with optimized work flow figure and the specific embodiment.Optimized work flow figure of the present invention as shown in figure 11, as can be seen from the figure, the present invention has avoided the process of reconstruction based on the discrete data point physical model, because the difficult point of this process digital control processing manufacture process exactly and consume the place computing time, therefore, the present invention helps shortening the Products Development cycle.
A kind of arc-shaped end teeth control processing method of demarcating based on the machining accuracy index comprises the steps:
Step 1: carry out the theoretical meshing parameter of full-scale circular arc end tooth and find the solution
From Fig. 1, Fig. 5 as can be seen, the constraints of circular arc end tooth engagement is circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot and radius, and it has determined the position of circular arc end tooth, and circular arc end tooth engaging piece position working size and technological parameter; So, circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot and radius definite most important.
Circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot and part center are on same straight line, and the key parameter of determining circular arc end tooth position and shape is flank of tooth pivot and radius.
Because default flank of tooth pivot of existing design initial data and radius, there is the incomplete defective of design data, therefore, in order to overcome the defective of this inherence, the viewpoint that the present invention discards tradition up hill and dale, and open up new approaches audaciously: the discreet value of given series of discrete radius, the discrete data point that utilization is scheduled to is constructed the circular arc end tooth for the position of control pivot.Owing to set the maximum and maximum principle of flank of tooth intensity of flank of tooth area, and utilize the position of discrete data point control flank of tooth pivot, need not carry out finding the solution of equation, therefore, required calculating is less, and profile of tooth of obtaining and working size can satisfy the design performance index requirement.
A pair of arc end gear coupling is made up of double wedge element and recessed tooth element.Its axis projection respectively as shown in Figures 2 and 3, adopting gear grinding machines processing is the protruding toothed surface of utilizing the internal conical surface of emery wheel processing double wedge element, the recessed toothed surface of utilizing the outer conical surface of emery wheel to process recessed tooth element.
The center line of each double wedge or recessed tooth entad all is, each tooth evenly distributes along circumference, and distribution error is below 8 seconds.The toothed surface curvature of double wedge or recessed tooth equates, and the uniform precision height of each tooth, and double wedge or recessed tooth element can closely cooperate like this.Watch vertically, the circumference expanding map of arc end gear coupling as shown in Figure 4.
At first, be maximum principles according to the number of teeth of flank of tooth center rotation institute envelope, the digital information of the 3D solid profile that emulation flank of tooth rotary body and part are crossing and the difference of profile of tooth, and flank of tooth pivot position and radius value data be optimized adjustment;
Then, initially determine circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot position and radius value, and utilize curve, the entity simulation analysis circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot position of these structures and radius value is found the solution and feature extraction;
At last, carry out flank of tooth entity structure, find the solution form parameter, and calculate the geological information of these corresponding points, finally preliminary treatment is carried out in flank of tooth pivot position and radius value by being optimized adjusted flank of tooth pivot position and radius value.
Its concrete solution procedure is as follows:
(1), initially determine flank of tooth pitch circle position and radius r:
At first, known part circular arc end tooth center radius is R, sets circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot and part center on same straight line, supposes R ≈ r, L=1.4R, and wherein, L is the distance of center circle of part arc end pitch circle and flank of tooth pitch circle;
Then, initially determine flank of tooth pivot O
2The position, as shown in Figure 7;
(2), determining of flank of tooth pitch radius:
If the number of teeth is n, transverse tooth thickness distribution rough calculation such as press, the tooth on the part arc end pitch circle is long to be circumference/2n;
Set recessed tooth element A/a=1.3～1.4 or double wedge element A/a=1.2～1.3, slightly decide coordinate points 1, point 2 on the flank of tooth pitch circle, as shown in Figure 8, adjust flank of tooth centre of pitch circle, determine the accurate coordinate position of flank of tooth pitch circle according to the position of coordinate points 1, point 2;
According to flank of tooth centre of pitch circle coordinate position, revise flank of tooth pitch radius value, determine flank of tooth pitch radius accurately.
In the acquisition process of circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot and radius, consider the intensity index of flank engagement, determined that the number of teeth of flank of tooth center rotation institute envelope is maximum principle, this has guaranteed flank of tooth area maximum, i.e. the intensity maximum of flank engagement.Be the best that obtains the flank of tooth fast position that coincides, at first the every size of 2D profile of tooth has been carried out profile analysis, on this basis, Primary Construction three-dimensional digital model, as shown in Figure 6, constraints simulation analysis, base plane engagement circle center are found the solution calculatings, circular arc end tooth base plane meshes the radius matching relationship and finds the solution so that engagement position forming process meshed.
Step 2: directly generate the numerical control machining cutter track based on simulation analysis demarcation machining accuracy and cutting output
The main purpose of processing is the net shape that obtains part to be processed, therefore, of the present inventionly demarcate Processing Strategies that machining accuracy and cutting output directly generate the numerical control machining cutter track when improving working (machining) efficiency, guarantee the machining accuracy of part to be processed based on simulation analysis.Because roughing is different with accurately machined purpose, therefore, the present invention demarcates at simulation analysis that machining accuracy and cutting output directly generate the roughing instruction of numerical control machining cutter track and strategy that the fine finishining instruction is taked is also inequality.
At first, come the circular arc end tooth flank of tooth of constructing variableization as the control point to carry out pretreated flank of tooth pivot position and radius value;
Then, the circular arc end tooth flank of tooth curved surface with structure is divided into different machining areas;
At last, utilization " simulation analysis demarcates machining accuracy and cutting output directly generates the numerical control machining cutter track " processing measure produces thick, finishing tool track; At each machining area, its processing is independently, and promptly the processing to whole curved surface is that all machining areas are carried out independent processing respectively;
Determine residual height, as shown in Figure 9:
H=D
C/ 2-SQUARE (D
C 2-a
e 2)/2, D
W=2SQUARE (a
p(D
C-a
p)) (unit: mm)
In the formula: the residual height of H-, D
C-tool diameter, a
e-cutting width, Dw-working diameter, a
p-cutting depth;
Determine to remove quantity of material, as shown in figure 10:
Computing formula is as follows:
In the formula, Δ P-cutting output, HR-realizes measuring height, H1-standard component pitch circle height, H2-circular arc end tooth base is accurate to tooth top end face height, and the H3-tooth top is to the pitch circle height.
The present invention implements " simulation analysis is demarcated machining accuracy and cutting output " processing measure according to the complexity (flank of tooth curvature) of processed tooth surface shape: at solid object surface curvature variation zone greatly, implementing to adopt closeer cutter path to carry out when cutter path generates: opposite, change less zone at solid object surface curvature, adopt more sparse cutter path to carry out digital control processing, to improve machined surface quality.
" basic curved surface " skew is the key based on the direct NC instruction of discrete data point generating algorithm of the present invention, because it is the prerequisite that guarantees machining accuracy.After " basic curved surface " be offset, problem to be solved by this invention was how curved surface to be divided into different zones.In order better the Machining of Curved Surface zone to be divided, the present invention has introduced an optical term " equiluminous "." equiluminous point " is meant the point that has same optical density on curved surface, and promptly curved surface is identical with the angle of given reference direction at the method arrow of these points, and this angle is called as " equiluminous angle ".Optically, " the equiluminous angle " of any is more little on the curved surface, and the light that this point absorbs is many more.At above-mentioned characteristic, " equiluminous angle " can be called " equiluminous zone " less than the zone of setting.
At each machining area, the calculating of its cutter path is identical with conventional method, and the calculating of the machining locus of whole curved surface is divided into following four steps:
A) flank of tooth is processed residual height value and demarcated: the residual height of flank of tooth digital control processing has determined the machined surface roughness index, and according to the design objective requirement of flank of tooth surface roughness, thick, the residual height value of fine finishining of definition is respectively 0.006mm and 0.0015mm respectively;
B) intersecting the residual height value in bent territory demarcates: utilize the method for step a) direct numerical control processing to handle, they must be according to different numerical control interpolating methods, and for example linear interpolation algorithm, arc interpolation or B spline interpolation algorithm approach;
C) step size computation: the calculating of cutter step-length is the committed step during cutter path generates, and it has determined the length of cutter path to a certain extent, and cutting step length is more little, and total cutter path is just long more; In the step-length deterministic process, be that the circle of p replaces two-phase to face curved surface between the cutter path with radius of curvature usually;
D) connect the initial cutter path of facing mutually, to form actual cutter path.
Machining accuracy index check analysis:
Demarcate the validity that machining accuracy and cutting output directly generate the numerical control machining cutter track in order to verify based on simulation analysis, the residual height value of choosing between 0.001mm～0.1mm is implemented the nc machining simulation checking, simulation analysis is selected rose cutter, the surface error of radius between 1mm～2.5mm.On this basis, determined thick, fine finishining cutting parameter respectively, shown in table 1, table 2,
Table 1 working position machining condition
Table 2 process segment machining condition
Claims (2)
1. an arc-shaped end teeth control processing method of demarcating based on the machining accuracy index is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1: carry out the theoretical meshing parameter of full-scale circular arc end tooth and find the solution
At first, be maximum principles according to the number of teeth of flank of tooth center rotation institute envelope, the digital information of the 3D solid profile that emulation flank of tooth rotary body and part are crossing and the difference of profile of tooth, and flank of tooth pivot position and radius value data be optimized adjustment;
Then, initially determine circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot position and radius value, and utilize curve, the entity simulation analysis circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot position of these structures and radius value is found the solution and feature extraction;
At last, carry out flank of tooth entity structure, find the solution form parameter, and calculate the geological information of these corresponding points, finally preliminary treatment is carried out in flank of tooth pivot position and radius value by being optimized adjusted flank of tooth pivot position and radius value;
Step 2: directly generate the numerical control machining cutter track based on simulation analysis demarcation machining accuracy and cutting output
At first, come the circular arc end tooth flank of tooth of constructing variableization as the control point to carry out pretreated flank of tooth pivot position and radius value;
Then, the circular arc end tooth flank of tooth curved surface with structure is divided into different machining areas;
At last, utilization " simulation analysis demarcates machining accuracy and cutting output directly generates the numerical control machining cutter track " processing measure produces thick, finishing tool track; At each machining area, its processing is independently, and promptly the processing to whole curved surface is that all machining areas are carried out independent processing respectively;
Determine residual height:
H＝D
C/2-SQUARE(D
C 2-a
e 2)/2，D
W＝2SQUARE(a
p(D
C-a
p))
In the formula: the residual height of H-, D
C-tool diameter, a
e-cutting width, Dw-working diameter, a
p-cutting depth;
Determine to remove quantity of material:
Computing formula is as follows:
In the formula, Δ P-cutting output, HR-realizes measuring height, H1-standard component pitch circle height, H2-circular arc end tooth base is accurate to tooth top end face height, and the H3-tooth top is to the pitch circle height.
2. according to a kind of arc-shaped end teeth control processing method of demarcating shown in the claim 1 based on the machining accuracy index, it is characterized in that described in the step 1 to carry out the concrete solution procedure that the theoretical meshing parameter of full-scale circular arc end tooth finds the solution as follows:
(1), initially determine flank of tooth pitch circle position and radius r:
At first, known part circular arc end tooth center radius is R, sets circular arc end tooth flank of tooth pivot and part center on same straight line, supposes R ≈ r, L=1.4R, and wherein, L is the distance of center circle of part arc end pitch circle and flank of tooth pitch circle;
Then, initially determine the position of flank of tooth pivot;
(2), determining of flank of tooth pitch radius:
If the number of teeth is n, transverse tooth thickness distribution rough calculation such as press, the tooth on the part arc end pitch circle is long to be circumference/2n;
Set recessed tooth element A/a=1.3～1.4 or double wedge element A/a=1.2～1.3, slightly decide coordinate points 1, point 2 on the flank of tooth pitch circle, adjust flank of tooth centre of pitch circle, determine the accurate coordinate position of flank of tooth pitch circle according to the position of coordinate points 1, point 2;
According to flank of tooth centre of pitch circle coordinate position, revise flank of tooth pitch radius value, determine flank of tooth pitch radius accurately.
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| CN102853732A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-01-02 | 哈尔滨东安发动机（集团）有限公司 | Inspection and regulation device of arc end tooth gauge |
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| CN103317176A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-09-25 | 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 | Processing method for parts |
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| CN102853732A (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-01-02 | 哈尔滨东安发动机（集团）有限公司 | Inspection and regulation device of arc end tooth gauge |
| CN102853732B (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2016-08-24 | 哈尔滨东安发动机（集团）有限公司 | Circular arc end tooth gauge inspection adjusting apparatus |
| CN102950339A (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2013-03-06 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Numerical control grinding method for titanium alloy material of circular arc end tooth structure |
| CN102950339B (en) * | 2012-11-14 | 2015-01-28 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Numerical control grinding method for titanium alloy material of circular arc end tooth structure |
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| CN104174931B (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2017-02-22 | 湖北大学 | Intermittent-type adaptive before-milling/after-milling measurement and measurement-free saw tooth grinding method |
| CN105328273A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-17 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Adaption grinding method for circular-arc end tooth |
| CN107584177A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-01-16 | 武汉理工大学 | The processing method of pinion and-rack no-load voltage ratio steering gear gear pair rack tooth profile |
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| CN108375956A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Double end lays post-processing approach |
| CN110376962A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-25 | 发那科株式会社 | Setting device and computer-readable medium |
| CN110376962B (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2023-08-15 | 发那科株式会社 | Setting device and computer readable medium |
| CN109663991A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-23 | 江苏大学 | A kind of involute cylindrical gear Envelope Milling processing method considering tooth accuracy characteristic |
| GB2585982A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-01-27 | Univ Jiangsu | Involute cylindrical gear envelope milling method taking precise characteristics of tooth surface into consideration |
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