CN101732116B - 用于病变血管修补的血管支架 - Google Patents

用于病变血管修补的血管支架 Download PDF

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CN101732116B
CN101732116B CN200810202854.2A CN200810202854A CN101732116B CN 101732116 B CN101732116 B CN 101732116B CN 200810202854 A CN200810202854 A CN 200810202854A CN 101732116 B CN101732116 B CN 101732116B
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intravascular stent
annular unit
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罗七一
刘建民
谢志永
李�雨
王常春
向勇刚
金巧蓉
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Minimally invasive Shentong medical technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
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Shanghai Microport Medical Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于载瘤动脉修补的新型血管支架,具有低网孔孔隙率,其网孔孔隙率为:40%~80%,优选网孔孔隙率为:55%~75%。本发明的血管支架可以植入病变血管,闭塞病变部位,特别是闭塞动脉瘤,从而实现血管的修补重构和真正的解剖治愈。

Description

用于病变血管修补的血管支架
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于治疗血管畸形的植入性器械,尤其涉及一种用于载瘤动脉修补的新型血管支架。更具体是一种具有低网孔孔隙率的血管支架,用于封堵动脉瘤。
背景技术
血管壁,特别是动脉血管壁可能发生局部异常的扩张或凸起,一般称之为动脉瘤。血管壁由于疾病、损伤或先天等因素引起薄弱,在承受血流的冲击下,该处动脉壁的薄弱点向外突出,逐渐扩张,形成圆形、椭圆形或菱形的囊状膨大。动脉瘤是一种有潜在生命危险的疾病,动脉瘤在血流的冲击下不断生长,从而压迫周围器官或组织引起症状;或者,由于血压增高或其他因素引起动脉瘤破裂,进而发生急剧的出血,而动脉瘤破裂具有很高的致死率。动脉瘤可发生在身体的不同部位,最常见的腹主动脉瘤和颅内动脉瘤。
最常见的颅内动脉瘤易发生在血管分支、分叉、弯曲部位,主要由于该部位的血流动力学因素,即轴向血流对血管远端的冲击形成剪切应力,导致血管弹力层的破坏,形成囊状突起,同时剪切应力刺激促进受损的血管内皮细胞分裂生长,进而生长形成动脉瘤,这种剪切应力是动脉瘤形成的基本原因。形成的动脉瘤内血液发生紊乱,形成涡流,诱导流体共振,引发血管壁振荡并促进其变性、生长、破裂。
动脉瘤治疗的通常方法主要包括以下两种:(1)外科手术夹闭动脉瘤,例如通过开颅手术用金属夹子夹闭动脉瘤颈部。(2)血管内介入治疗。血管内介入治疗具体有两种方式:一种是利用可脱卸弹簧圈(或微金属丝圈,或其他栓塞材料如可解脱球囊、可固化液体等)栓塞动脉瘤;另一种是植入血管支架。
由于外科手术治疗存在创伤性、高风险性及高并发症等缺陷,而血管内介入治疗则具有创伤小、并发症少、安全性高、患者痛苦少、易接受、年高病情重也能耐受的优势。因而血管内介入治疗已逐渐替代了外科手术方法,成为治疗动脉瘤的主要方法,尤其是利用可脱卸弹簧圈填塞瘤腔的血管内介入治疗方法。
利用可脱卸弹簧圈填塞瘤腔的血管内介入治疗方法是目前主要的动脉瘤介入治疗方法。其基本原理是通过微导管将金属弹簧圈置入动脉瘤内以填塞动脉瘤,使血流无法流入动脉瘤,从而达到治疗效果。但是该方法在材料和技术上均存在很大缺陷,具体如下:
(1)弹簧圈须经微导管送入动脉瘤腔,即动脉瘤填塞治疗的终端行为发生在动脉瘤腔内。因此,手术中使用的金属导丝、微导管或弹簧圈头端极易刺破较薄的动脉瘤壁,从而引发颅内或脑内大出血,直接导致患者在术中或术后死亡;
(2)宽基动脉瘤单纯弹簧圈填塞,不能保证弹簧圈在瘤腔内盘曲,极容易逸入载瘤动脉,造成动脉主干闭塞;
(3)通常弹簧圈材料为铂,由于铂为重金属元素。因此,当大动脉瘤、巨大动脉瘤致密填塞后,常产生显著的占位效应,从而使患者出现瘤周脑组织、重要血管和神经压迫症状;
(4)假性动脉瘤,瘤壁缺乏正常血管应有的平滑肌和弹力纤维等支撑结构,在动脉血流高压冲击下,弹簧圈在瘤腔内难于停留或致密盘绕,给弹簧圈的瘤腔有效填塞造成困难。
(5)由于材料特性决定了填塞后的瘤腔内血栓机化困难,或部分非致密填塞,造成病灶复发、甚至增大。
(6)手术耗时长,费用昂贵。
可脱卸弹簧圈填塞瘤腔的血管内介入治疗方法的以上缺陷,给医患双方的心理和实践都造成了消极的影响。
此外,常规的血管支架植入也被应用到动脉瘤治疗,主要用于辅助弹簧圈栓塞,即支架植入后作为血管内支撑物可以防止弹簧圈突入载瘤动脉内。这类血管支架通常的设计特点是大网格设计以保证输送弹簧圈的微导管可以通过网格深入动脉瘤释放弹簧圈。该技术在一定程度上改善了弹簧圈栓塞的缺点(如弹簧圈逸入载瘤动脉、提高宽颈、梭形动脉瘤治疗效果),但是该技术存在操作复杂、难度高,且费用昂贵等诸多缺陷。更主要的是由于该技术也是利用金属圈栓塞瘤腔的原理来治疗血管瘤,因此,填塞后的瘤腔内血栓机化困难,或部分非致密填塞,从而使得载瘤血管不可能实现真正意义上的解剖治愈。
发明内容
本发明的血管支架是根据一种全新的治疗原理而设计,通过选择适当的网孔孔隙率从而克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷。
本发明提供一种网管状孔隙结构的血管支架,其特征在于网孔孔隙率为40%~80%。
优选地,所述网孔孔隙率为55%~75%。
所述网孔孔隙率是指非网格覆盖区域的面积与血管支架的圆柱外侧面积之比。
本发明的网孔孔隙尺寸为0.05mm~0.8mm。所述的网孔孔隙尺寸的是指非覆盖区域可通过的最大内切圆直径。
本发明的血管支架由多个圆周环状单元和连接圆周环状单元的连接结构组成,圆周环状单元沿着支架轴向左右排列,左右排列的相邻圆周环状单元通过连接结构连接。所述连接结构可以是连接杆、左右相邻环状单元共有的连接点。
所述圆周环状单元可以由主正弦波和副正弦波组成闭合网孔结构,相邻环状单元之间通过连接杆连接。
所述圆周环状单元由四菱形闭合单元沿圆周方向排列组成,沿圆周方向排列的每相邻闭合单元环之间共用一个连接点,左右排列的圆周环状单元通过相邻闭合单元共用的连接点连接。
所述圆周环状单元上四菱形闭合单元的数量优选15~30个,更优选20~28个。
本发明的血管支架的圆周环状单元也可以由四菱形单元网孔组成,每相邻的四菱形单元共用一条边。
所述血管支架的材料可以是不锈钢、钴基合金、镍钛、铂金、钽、医用高分子材料。
本发明血管支架可以植入病变血管,闭塞病变部位,特别是闭塞动脉瘤,从而实现血管的修补重构和真正的解剖治愈。
相比于现有技术,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明的低孔隙率的网孔能够显著影响血流流动,使得血流方向改变,速度减慢,压力降低,促使动脉瘤内血栓形成萎缩、机化,进而使得动脉瘤可皱缩、吸收,明显减少压迫效应,从而达到治疗动脉瘤的目的。
(2)网孔的网丝作为内皮细胞生长或移行的支撑,瘤颈部位的内膜化程度与网孔大小呈负相关,一定密集度即低孔隙率的网孔能够促使内膜生长过程加快,而动脉瘤内血流滞留则保障了内膜生长的物理条件,使病变血管内膜化实现真正的解剖治愈。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一血管支架沿着轴向展开的示意图;
图2是本发明实施例二血管支架沿着轴向展开的示意图;
图3是本发明实施例三血管支架沿着轴向展开的示意图;
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行说明。
结合图1所示,本实施例一的网管状孔隙结构的血管支架,由多个圆周环状单元11和连接圆周环状单元的连接杆12组成,圆周环状单元11沿着支架轴向左右排列,左右排列的相邻圆周环状单元11通过连接杆12连接,圆周环状单元11由主正弦波13和副正弦波14组成闭合网孔结构15,主正弦波13比副正弦波14粗,血管支架的孔隙率为78%。
结合图2所示,本实施例二的网管状孔隙结构的血管支架,由多个圆周环状单元21和连接相邻圆周环状单元的连接点22组成,圆周环状单元21沿着支架轴向左右排列,左右排列的圆周环状单元11通过相邻闭合单元共用的连接点22连接,圆周环状单元21由多个四菱形闭合单元25沿着圆周方向排列组成,沿圆周方向排列的相邻闭合单元环之间共用一个连接点24,血管支架的孔隙率为70%。
进一步,圆周环状单元上四菱形闭合单元数量为15~30个。
更进一步,圆周环状单元上四菱形闭合单元数量为20~28个。
结合图3所示,本实施例三的网管状孔隙结构的血管支架,由多个圆周环状单元31组成,圆周环状单元31沿着支架轴向左右排列,圆周环状单元由四菱形单元网孔35组成,每相邻的四菱形单元共用一条边32,血管支架的孔隙率为50%。

Claims (6)

1.一种具有网管状孔隙结构的血管支架,其特征在于所述血管支架的孔隙率为40%~80%,网孔孔隙尺寸为0.05mm~0.8mm,所述血管支架包括多个圆周环状单元,所述圆周环状单元沿着支架轴向左右排列,左右排列的相邻圆周环状单元通过连接结构连接,所述圆周环状单元由主正弦波和副正弦波组成闭合近网孔结构,相邻圆周环状单元通过连接杆连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的血管支架,其特征在于所述孔隙率为55%~75%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的血管支架,其特征在于所述血管支架的材料是不锈钢、钴基合金、镍钛、铂金、钽或医用高分子材料。
4.一种用于载瘤动脉血管修复的具有网管状孔隙结构的血管支架,其特征在于所述血管支架的孔隙率为40%~80%,网孔孔隙尺寸为0.05mm~0.8mm,所述血管支架包括多个圆周环状单元,所述圆周环状单元沿着支架轴向左右排列,左右排列的相邻圆周环状单元通过连接结构连接,所述圆周环状单元由四菱形闭合单元沿圆周方向排列组成,沿圆周方向排列的每相邻四菱形闭合单元之间共用一个连接点,左右相邻的闭合单元环通过共用的连接点连接,圆周环状单元上四菱形闭合单元的数量为15~30个。
5.根据权利要求4所述的血管支架,其特征在于所述孔隙率为55%~75%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的血管支架,其特征在于圆周环状单元上四菱形闭合单元的数量为20~28个。
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CN105012059B (zh) * 2014-08-19 2017-02-15 东莞天天向上医疗科技有限公司 一种生物可降解药物支架
CN107468334B (zh) * 2017-08-01 2019-07-16 强联智创(北京)科技有限公司 一种三维微导管塑形辅助设计系统及设计方法
US10888414B2 (en) 2019-03-20 2021-01-12 inQB8 Medical Technologies, LLC Aortic dissection implant
CN115177411B (zh) * 2022-07-22 2024-07-12 启晨(上海)医疗器械有限公司 支气管活瓣

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