CN101724788A - High-vanadium steel wear resistant material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-vanadium steel wear resistant material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-vanadium steel wear resistant material and a preparation method thereof. The wear resistant material has very high hardness, tenacity and wear resistance and can be used for manufacturing high-performance rollers, cutters, press tools and the like. The wear resistant material contains the chemical compositions in percent by weight: 2.2-2.5 percent of Cm, 8.5-11.8 percent of V, 5.0-6.5 percent of Cr, 1.0-1.8 percent of Mo, 0.5-1.3 percent of Ni, less than 0.5 percent of Si, less than 0.5 percent of Mn, less than 0.04 percent of P and the balance of Fe. The preparation method comprises the processes of raw material melting, atomizing power preparation, hot isostatic pressing sintering, hot forging and full annealing, quenching as well as tempering, wherein in the annealing process, the heating temperature is 850-870 DEG C, and the furnace cooling is carried out after the heat is preserved for 3-4h; in the quenching process, the heating temperature is 1,000-1,150 DEG C, the heat is preserved for 30min and then oil cooling is carried out; the tempering temperature is 500-600 DEG C, the tempering heat preservation time is 0.5-1h, then air cooling is carried out, and the tempering frequency is 2-3. Compared with the traditional high-chromium iron, the high-vanadium steel wear resistant material has high carbide hardness, good shape, thin granularity, even distribution and very high hardness and impact ductility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-vanadium steel wear resistant material and preparation method thereof, to produce cutting tool that toughness and wear resistance are had relatively high expectations, high-load mould, roll, special heat-resistant antifriction parts etc.
Background technology
Wearing and tearing are one of main modes that cause material failure.According to statistics, the consumption of China's high-abrasive material year reaches 3,000,000 tons, has formed a high-abrasive material industry that is concerned by people.To high-abrasive material, hardness and toughness are to weigh the key property of its quality good or not.By improving metallic matrix and carbide hardness, increase the carbide volume fraction, improving carbide morphology and distribute material wear ability is improved.The high rigidity of matrix can be by adjusting matrix carbon content and suitable heat treating regime acquisition; But will fundamentally improve the wear resistance of material, hardness and the form distribution of optimizing carbide have more practical significance.
In the high-abrasive material, the microhardness of dissimilar carbide and form difference in distribution are very big, and MC type carbide hardness reaches about HV2700, are a ball or rod-short and distribute, and carbide does not have wedge angle, and the effect of isolating is little, presents high abrasion resistance.Adding vanadium alloy and can obtain the MC type carbide that a large amount of forms are better, hardness is higher in the iron-based body, is the important channel of significantly improving the wear resistance of material.
Chinese invention patent CN1803325 discloses a kind of compound high speed steel roll and preparation method thereof, adopts the method for rotary casting to prepare high-vanadium high-speed steel, as the outer anti-abrasive material of roll.Its outer material of roll chemical ingredients (weight %) is: 1.2～2.5C, and 0.3～1.5Si, 0.4～1.0Mn, 3.0～8.0Cr, 2.0～7.0Mo, 2.0～7.0V, 1.0～5.0W, 0.01～0.5RE, P＜0.05, S＜0.05, surplus is Fe.But the shortcoming of this method is that organizing of roll wearing layer is thick, and partially carbonized thing is continuous distribution, and thermal fatigue resistance is poor, and simultaneously, when adopting the rotary casting moulding, element segregation is serious, has reduced the vanadium carbide content on top layer, wears no resistance.Chinese invention patent CN1158361A discloses high vanadium tool steel product of a kind of wear resistant corrosion resistant powder metallurgy and production method thereof, by the invention of U.S. Crucible Materials Corp., its chemical ingredients (weight %) is: 1.47～3.77C, 0.2～2.0Mn, Si＜2.0,11.5～14.5Cr, Mo＜3.0,8.0～15.0V, 0.03～0.46N, P＜0.10, S＜0.10, surplus is Fe.The volume fraction of the carbide of its goods is 16%～36%, and maximum carbide diameter is no more than 6 μ m, segregation-free, and Charpy-C notch shock toughness reaches 18J/cm
2, high abrasion resistance.But the report that does not have concrete preparation technology and heat treating method aspect.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of high-vanadium steel wear resistant material and preparation method thereof is provided.The present invention adopts nitrogen atomization powder process, HIP sintering and forged method prepare high-vanadium steel wear resistant material, adopt annealing, quenching and tempered technology further to improve the performance of product, obtain the tempered martensite that matrix is a high tenacity, carbide is the vanadium carbide of high rigidity, and even dispersion is distributed on the matrix.Can well combine high rigidity and high tenacity well, wear-resisting splendid.
A kind of high-vanadium steel wear resistant material of the present invention, described material chemical composition be in percent by weight: C:2.2～2.5%, V:8.5～11.8%, Cr:5.0～6.5%, Mo:1.0～1.8%, Ni:0.5～1.3%, Si＜0.5%, Mn＜0.5%, P＜0.04%, all the other are Fe.
The preparation method of a kind of high-vanadium steel wear resistant material of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) technically pure iron, vanadium iron, pure chromium, pure molybdenum and graphite are pressed: 1: 0.25～0.29: 0.04～0.06: 0.015～0.025: 0.02～0.035 mass ratio proportioning, in the melting chamber of the atomising unit of packing into, carry out vacuum melting;
(2) after powder process is finished, powder in the collecting chamber and residue are sieved through 20 orders～300 order vacuum vibratory screening apparatus classifications, the alloy residue of separated powder and bulk is removed the nonmetal inclusion of bulk, takes out powder then and carries out encapsulation, the degassing, soldering and sealing;
(3) jacket is packed into the pressurization of heating in the hot isostatic pressing stove, the temperature of hot isostatic pressing is 1150 ℃～1200 ℃, pressure is 60～80Mpa, keeps 2-3 hour after reaching top temperature and pressure;
(4) before the forge hot high-vandium steel base substrate slowly is heated to 850 ℃, insulation 30min, continue to be heated to 1095～1150 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, insulation 15min, the forging of coming out of the stove is when temperature is lower than 950～970 ℃ of final forging temperatures, stop to forge, reheat initial forging temperature and forge again, after the forging, furnace cooling.
The preparation method of a kind of high-vanadium steel wear resistant material of the present invention can further include the heat treating method to described high-vanadium steel wear resistant material, and described heat treating method comprises annealing, quenches and temper:
(1) annealing temperature is 850 ℃～870 ℃, furnace cooling;
(2) quenching is carried out in resistance furnace, and quenching temperature is 1000 ℃～1150 ℃, 200 ℃ of coolings of coming out of the stove;
(3) carry out temper after the quenching, the tempering Heating temperature is 500 ℃～600 ℃, air cooling.
High-vanadium steel wear resistant material of the present invention compared with prior art has following technical characterstic:
In the metallographic structure of the high-vanadium steel wear resistant material of preparation, matrix is the tempered martensite of high tenacity, contains 17～25% high rigidity vanadium carbide, the mean particle size of carbide is less than 1.2 μ m～2 μ m, maximum carbide granularity is less than 5 μ m～8 μ m, and it is spherical that carbide is, and disperse distributes.
The hardness of the high-vandium steel material of preparation reaches HRC 51～62, and impelling strength reaches 16～62J/cm
2, bending strength reaches 2400～3800MPa, and wear-resistant grain polishing machine is 10～15 times of Martensite Stainless Steel Cr12.
Description of drawings
Shown in Figure 1 is the distribution of carbides shape appearance figure of casting high-vandium steel.
Shown in Figure 2 is the distribution of carbides shape appearance figure of high-vanadium steel wear resistant material embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment prepares high-vanadium steel wear resistant material, adopts nitrogen atomization powder process+heat and other static pressuring processes to prepare high-vandium steel, forges again, and annealing is quenched and tempering.The steps include:
(1) technically pure iron, vanadium iron, pure chromium, pure molybdenum and graphite are pressed: 1: 0.267: 0.06: 0.018: 0.025 mass ratio proportioning, in the melting chamber of the atomising unit of packing into, vacuum melting;
(2) nitrogen atomization powder process is collected powder size and is carried out hot isostatic pressing for+300 purpose powder, and the temperature of hot isostatic pressing is 1150 ℃, and pressure is 65Mpa, reaches behind top temperature and the pressure maintenance 2 hours.Carry out forge hot subsequently, 1095～1150 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, final forging temperature is 950～970 ℃.
(3) after 850 ℃ of annealing, 1000 ℃ of quenchings, 600 ℃ of tempering.
The chemical ingredients of the high-vandium steel of present embodiment preparation is (weight %): C:2.27%, V:9.53%, and Cr:5.86%, Mo:1.58%, Ni:0.84%, Si＜0.3%, Mn＜0.5%, P＜0.02%, all the other are Fe.Embodiment 2
The step of preparation is:
(1) technically pure iron, vanadium iron, pure chromium, pure molybdenum and graphite are pressed: 1: 0.267: 0.06: 0.018: 0.025 mass ratio proportioning, in the melting chamber of the atomising unit of packing into, vacuum melting;
(2) nitrogen atomization powder process is collected powder size and is carried out hot isostatic pressing for+300 purpose powder, and the temperature of hot isostatic pressing is 1150 ℃, and pressure is 65Mpa, reaches behind top temperature and the pressure maintenance 2 hours.Carry out forge hot subsequently, 1095～1150 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, final forging temperature is 950～970 ℃.
(3) after 850 ℃ of annealing, 1150 ℃ of quenchings, 550 ℃ of tempering.
The chemical ingredients of the high-vandium steel of present embodiment preparation is (weight %): C:2.27%, V:9.53%, and Cr:5.86%, Mo:1.58%, Ni:0.84%, Si＜0.3%, Mn＜0.5%, P＜0.02%, all the other are Fe.
Embodiment 3
The step of preparation is:
(1) technically pure iron, vanadium iron, pure chromium, pure molybdenum and graphite are pressed: 1: 0.29: 0.04: 0.024: 0.035 mass ratio proportioning, in the melting chamber of the atomising unit of packing into, then each chamber is vacuumized, feed N
2Gas is implemented alloy melting and atomizing, 1550 ℃ of atomization temperatures, pressure 30bar;
(2) nitrogen atomization powder process, collecting powder size is that 100 orders-300 purpose powder carries out hot isostatic pressing, and the temperature of hot isostatic pressing is 1200 ℃, and pressure is 65Mpa, keeps 2 hours after reaching top temperature and pressure.Carry out forge hot subsequently, 1095～1150 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, final forging temperature is 950～970 ℃.
(3) after 850 ℃ of annealing, 1150 ℃ of quenchings, 550 ℃ of tempering.
The chemical ingredients of the high-vandium steel of preparation is (weight %): C:2.43%, V:10.03%, and Cr:5.25%, Mo:1.64%, Ni:1.24%, Si＜0.3%, Mn＜0.5%, P＜0.02%, all the other are Fe.
For the mechanical property of the melting high-vandium steel of powder high-vanadium steel wear resistant material and identical component relatively, having prepared quality is the melting high-vandium steel of 5.2kg, and thermal treatment process is after 850 ℃ of annealing, 1000 ℃ of quenchings, protects 600 ℃ of tempering.The final properties of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and melting high-vandium steel relatively sees Table 1.The distribution of carbides shape appearance figure of casting distribution of carbides shape appearance figure, Fig. 2 high-vanadium steel wear resistant material embodiment 1 of the present invention of high-vandium steel by Fig. 1 contrasts as can be seen, the carbide hardness height of a kind of high-vanadium steel wear resistant material of the present invention, form is good, granularity is tiny, and be evenly distributed, so hardness and impelling strength are all very good.Also further specify the good performance of powder high-vandium steel.
Table 1 powder high-vandium steel and casting high-vandium steel performance are relatively
Claims (3)
1. high-vanadium steel wear resistant material is characterized in that: described material chemical composition is in percent by weight, C:2.2～2.5%, V:8.5～11.8%, Cr:5.0～6.5%, Mo:1.0～1.8%, Ni:0.5～1.3%, Si＜0.5%, Mn＜0.5%, P＜0.04%, all the other are Fe.
2. the preparation method of a kind of high-vanadium steel wear resistant material according to claim 1, described method comprises the steps:
2.1 technically pure iron, vanadium iron, pure chromium, pure molybdenum and graphite are pressed: 1: 0.25～0.29: 0.04～0.06: 0.015～0.025: 0.02～0.035 mass ratio proportioning, in the melting chamber of the atomising unit of packing into, vacuum melting;
2.2 after powder process is finished, powder in the collecting chamber and residue are sieved through 20 orders～300 order vacuum vibratory screening apparatus classifications, the alloy residue of separated powder and bulk is removed the nonmetal inclusion of bulk, takes out powder then and carries out encapsulation, the degassing, soldering and sealing;
2.3 with the jacket pressurization of heating in the hot isostatic pressing stove of packing into, the temperature of hot isostatic pressing is 1150 ℃～1200 ℃, pressure is 60～80Mpa, keeps 2-3 hour after reaching top temperature and pressure;
2.4 before the forge hot high-vandium steel base substrate slowly is heated to 850 ℃, continues to be heated to 1095～1150 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, the forging of coming out of the stove, when temperature is lower than 950～970 ℃ of final forging temperatures, stop to forge, reheat initial forging temperature and forge again, after the forging, furnace cooling.
3. the preparation method of a kind of high-vanadium steel wear resistant material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described method also further comprises the heat treating method to described high-vanadium steel wear resistant material, and described heat treating method comprises annealing, quenches and temper:
3.1 annealing temperature is 850 ℃～870 ℃, furnace cooling;
Carry out in resistance furnace 3.2 quench, quenching temperature is 1000 ℃～1150 ℃, the cooling of coming out of the stove when being lower than 200 ℃;
3.3 in time carry out tempering after quenching, the tempering Heating temperature is 500 ℃～600 ℃, air cooling.
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| CN102703827A (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2012-10-03 | 刘仕爽 | Heat treatment process of wear resistant steel |
| CN102941435A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-27 | 赵冰 | Shaping method of irregular steel component |
| CN102982956A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-03-20 | 建德市易通金属粉材有限公司 | High magnetic permeability and low loss metal soft magnetic material powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN103212713A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-07-24 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | Method of preparing abrasion-resistant layer on stainless steel surface through hot isostatic pressure powder-solid bonding method |
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| CN102982956A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-03-20 | 建德市易通金属粉材有限公司 | High magnetic permeability and low loss metal soft magnetic material powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN102941435A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-27 | 赵冰 | Shaping method of irregular steel component |
| CN103212713B (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2015-04-29 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | Method of preparing abrasion-resistant layer on stainless steel surface through hot isostatic pressure powder-solid bonding method |
| CN103212713A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-07-24 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | Method of preparing abrasion-resistant layer on stainless steel surface through hot isostatic pressure powder-solid bonding method |
| CN103667873B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-02-24 | 长沙市萨普新材料有限公司 | P/m high speed steel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105671440A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-06-15 | 郭金艳 | High-strength hammer head |
| CN106086351A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 四川六合锻造股份有限公司 | A kind of method reducing boracic heat-resistance stainless steel C type impurity |
| CN107584253A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2018-01-16 | 山东农业大学 | One kind is based on composite rolling wear resistant cutters material and its preparation technology |
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