CN101724763B - Valve seat, main valve and four-way reversing valve - Google Patents
Valve seat, main valve and four-way reversing valve Download PDFInfo
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- CN101724763B CN101724763B CN2008101705466A CN200810170546A CN101724763B CN 101724763 B CN101724763 B CN 101724763B CN 2008101705466 A CN2008101705466 A CN 2008101705466A CN 200810170546 A CN200810170546 A CN 200810170546A CN 101724763 B CN101724763 B CN 101724763B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a valve seat, which comprises the following material components in percentage by weight: 55 to 63 percent of Cu, 1 to 5 percent of Pb, 1 to 5 percent of Mn, 0.03 to 0.12 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 5 parts per million of Cd and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities. Due to the composition of the components, a valve seat has the good machining performance, the machining precision can be ensured, and the requirement of sealing is met. The valve seat is low in Cd contents, and improves the environmental performance of the material; and in addition, due to the addition of the Mn, the valve seat material reduces the heat conductivity effectively. When the valve seat is used for a four-way reversing valve, high-temperature gas and low-temperature gas flow through the four-way reversing valve simultaneously, and because the valve seat is low in heat conductivity, heat loss between high-temperature and low-temperature coolants can be reduced, and the energy-saving effect of air conditioners is improved effectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to used magnetic valve of a kind of refrigerating field or reversing valve, be specifically related to valve seat, main valve and the four-way change-over valve of a kind of magnetic valve that on air conditioning machinery or refrigerator, uses or reversing valve.
Background technology
Along with rapid economic development, the energy shortage problem becomes and becomes increasingly conspicuous, and the green economy of development energy-conserving and environment-protective is emphasis of current various countries Economic development.For air-conditioning and HVAC industry, the air conditioning machinery of development energy-conserving and environment-protective and the emphasis R﹠D direction that refrigerator is this class enterprise.Heat pump type air conditioner is a kind ofly can absorb heat from cryogenic object, and transfers energy to the device of high temp objects.During refrigeration, indoor heat converter absorbs heat as vaporizer, heat is drained into outdoor, outdoor heat exchanger by refrigeration agent and uses as condenser.When heating, outdoor heat converter use to absorb heat as vaporizer, by refrigeration agent heat is delivered to indoorly, and indoor heat converter is as the condenser release of heat.Because heat pump type air conditioner can effectively utilize the low-phase energy of extensive existence, and saves the limited high-order energy, its development receives increasing concern.
Be that example is specifically described with the four-way change-over valve in the heat pump type air conditioner below.In heat pump type air conditioner, four-way change-over valve is system's refrigeration cycle operating mode and the key part that heats the state of cyclic operation conversion, by the switching of four-way change-over valve, realizes the mutual conversion of refrigerating/heating.Four-way change-over valve mainly contains solenoid, pilot valve and main valve is formed, and main valve commutate under the acting in conjunction of solenoid and pilot valve and switches the circulating direction of refrigeration working medium, the mutual conversion of realization air conditioner refrigerating/heat.
Chinese patent application CN101173716A discloses a kind of four-way reversing valve for heat pump air conditioner, in the four-way change-over valve that this patent provides, main valve comprises shell and valve seat that brass is made of a stainless steel, in the prior art, in order to guarantee good machinability, satisfy seal request, valve seat is generally the one valve seat that common lead brass is made, its moiety is generally Cu, Pb, Zn and unavoidable impurities, and its objectionable impurities Cd content is higher, and external as Japan and European higher to the content requirement of objectionable impurities Cd.In addition as can be known from the principle of work of four-way valve, no matter be at state of heating or refrigerating state, in main valve, high temperature and high pressure gas and low-temp low-pressure gas simultaneously can flow, exist at the same time under the situation of high temperature and high pressure gas and low-temp low-pressure gas, always have some heats and flow to the other end from an end of valve seat, cause the loss and the waste of heat, therefore, in order to improve energy transfer efficiency and to satisfy environmental requirement more and more higher on the market, need a kind of seat material that has more environmental protection and have the reversing valve of better heat-proof quality.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is, a kind of valve seat with better environmental-protecting performance and heat-proof quality is provided.
In order to solve above technical problem, the invention provides a kind of valve seat, along the length direction of valve seat, first port, second port and the 3rd port that run through described valve seat are arranged successively, the material moiety of described valve seat is:
Cu:55 weight %～63 weight %;
Pb:1 weight %～5 weight %;
Mn:1 weight %～5 weight %;
Sn:0.03 weight %～0.12 weight %;
Cd :≤5 ppm by weight;
Surplus is Zn and unavoidable impurities.
Preferably, in the moiety of described seat material:
Cu:56 weight %～62 weight %;
Sn:0.040 weight %～0.098 weight %;
Pb:2 weight %～4 weight %.
Preferably, the content as the P of impurity is 0.011 weight %～0.018 weight in the moiety of described seat material.
Preferably, described valve seat is made up of the top valve seat, the lower valve seat that are fixed with one, length direction along valve seat, described first port, second port and the 3rd port run through described top valve seat and lower valve seat successively, the material thermal conductivity of described lower valve seat is lower than the material thermal conductivity of described top valve seat, and described top valve seat is the material of valve seat described in above arbitrary technical scheme.
Preferably, the material of described lower valve seat is a stainless steel.
Preferably, the upper surface of described lower valve seat has groove, correspondingly, is extended with projection on the lower surface of described lower valve seat downwards, and described projection places in the described groove.
Preferably, the outer rim of the opposite side of described top valve seat is extended with convex shoulder respectively downwards, and the upper end of described lower valve seat places in the accommodation section that forms between described two convex shoulders.
Preferably, described valve seat also comprises several steady braces, is provided with several corresponding respectively blind holes on the lower surface of described top valve seat and the upper surface of lower valve seat, and described several steady braces place the corresponding blind hole in described upper and lower part respectively.
The present invention also provides a kind of main valve that comprises the above valve seat, described main valve comprises a shell, described valve seat is installed on the shell, described shell is communicated with first heat exchanger by described first port respectively, be communicated with the compressor air suction end by second port, be communicated with by described the 3rd port second heat exchanger, also has the 4th port that is communicated with the compressor air-discharging end on the described shell, communication apparatus and reversing system are housed in the described shell, and described reversing system control communication apparatus selectively is communicated with first port and second port or is communicated with second port and the 3rd port.
The present invention also provides a kind of main valve, comprise a shell, be installed with valve seat on the described shell, length direction along valve seat, first port, second port and the 3rd port that run through described valve seat are arranged successively, all respectively greater than its underpart latus rectum, the moiety of described valve seat is the bottom latus rectum of first port of described valve seat, second port and the 3rd port:
Cu:55 weight %～63 weight %;
Pb:1 weight %～5 weight %;
Mn:1 weight %～5 weight %;
Sn:0.03 weight %～0.12 weight %;
Cd :≤5 ppm by weight;
Surplus is Zn and unavoidable impurities; Described shell is communicated with first heat exchanger, is communicated with the compressor air suction end, is communicated with second heat exchanger by described the 3rd port by described second port by described first port respectively, also has the 4th port that is communicated with the compressor air-discharging end on the described shell, communication apparatus and reversing system are housed in the described shell, and described reversing system control communication apparatus selectively is communicated with first port and second port or is communicated with second port and the 3rd port.
Preferably, in the material moiety of described valve seat:
Cu:56 weight %～62 weight %;
Sn:0.040 weight %～0.098 weight %;
Pb:2 weight %～4 weight %.
Preferably, the content as the P of impurity is 0.011 weight %～0.018 weight % in the material moiety of described valve seat.
The present invention also provides a kind of four-way change-over valve that comprises described arbitrary main valve, and described four-way change-over valve also comprises pilot valve and solenoid, and solenoid is controlled the commutation of main valve by pilot valve.
The invention provides a kind of valve seat of reversing valve, its seat material moiety is: Cu:55 weight %～63 weight %, Pb:1 weight %～5 weight %, Mn:1 weight %～5 weight %, Sn:0.03 weight %～0.12 weight %, Cd :≤5 ppm by weight, surplus are Zn and unavoidable impurities.Seat material provided by the invention makes valve seat have good machinability by selecting the composition of above several compositions, can guarantee working accuracy, satisfies seal request.Owing to contain the Cd amount to be controlled at≤below 5 ppm by weight, so have the higher feature of environmental protection.Because Mn has lower thermal conductivity, thereby has reduced the thermal conductivity of valve seat.When valve seat provided by the invention is used for four-way change-over valve, high temperature and cryogenic gas owing in four-way valve, flowing simultaneously, and seat material thermal conductivity provided by the invention is lower, therefore can reduce the calorific loss between the high low temperature refrigerant, has improved the energy-saving effect of air-conditioning effectively.
The present invention also provides the valve seat that comprises that upper and lower valve seat two is partly formed, the top valve seat is selected above-mentioned seat material with good machinability, environmental-protecting performance and heat-proof quality, lower valve seat is selected lower material such as the stainless steel of thermal conductivity ratio upper valve seat material thermal conductivity, can further reduce the calorific loss between the high low temperature refrigerant, further improve the energy-saving effect of air-conditioning.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b, Fig. 1 c are a kind of views of embodiment of the valve seat of four-way change-over valve provided by the invention, and wherein, Fig. 1 a is a front view, and Fig. 1 b is a vertical view, and Fig. 1 c is a side-view;
Fig. 2 a is a syndeton synoptic diagram between first kind of embodiment described top valve seat and the lower valve seat, and Fig. 2 b, Fig. 2 c and Fig. 2 d illustrate the groove and the corresponding projection of three kinds of cross-sectional shapes respectively;
Fig. 3 is a syndeton synoptic diagram between second kind of embodiment described top valve seat and the lower valve seat;
Fig. 4 is a syndeton synoptic diagram between the third embodiment described top valve seat and the lower valve seat;
Fig. 5 is the main valve synoptic diagram of four-way change-over valve provided by the invention;
Fig. 6 is the work synoptic diagram of four-way change-over valve provided by the invention;
Fig. 7 is a four-way change-over valve seat calorific loss test synoptic diagram provided by the invention;
Fig. 8 a, Fig. 8 b, Fig. 8 c are the views of the 4th kind of embodiment of the valve seat of four-way change-over valve provided by the invention, and wherein, Fig. 8 a is a front view, and Fig. 8 b is a vertical view, and Fig. 8 c is a side-view;
Fig. 9 is the main valve synoptic diagram of four-way change-over valve of the valve seat of the 4th kind of embodiment of use provided by the invention.
Embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment optimal technical scheme of the present invention is specifically described, but should be appreciated that these describe just to further specifying the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than to the restriction of claim of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of seat material, be used for magnetic valve or reversing valve that air-conditioning or refrigeration system are used, as a kind of electromagnetism four-way change-over valve (being called for short four-way valve, four-way change-over valve or reversing valve sometimes) of idle call.Following four-way change-over valve is that example is specifically described.
For hot workability and the oxidation resistent susceptibility that improves valve seat, the weight percent of the Cu content in the described seat material is 55 weight % (weight percentage)～63 weight %, when Cu content is lower than 55 weight % (weight percentage), can cause the valve seat embrittlement, obviously reduce the extension at break or the impelling strength of valve seat, when Cu content was higher than 63%, hot workability descended; In order to make valve seat have favorable mechanical processing characteristics and hot workability simultaneously, optimize the weight proportion of following Cu: preferred, the weight percentage of Cu in the seat material is 56%～62%, and is preferred, and the weight percentage of the copper in the valve seat is 58%～61%.
In order to make seat material have better cutting ability, adding in the valve seat weight percentage be 1%～5% Pb, but the too high levels of Pb can make the fragility of valve seat increase, and the Pb of too high levels is also influential to the hot strength reduction of valve seat, so the content of Pb can not surpass 5 weight %.In order to make valve seat have good cutting ability, make it guarantee required hot strength simultaneously, optimize the weight proportion of following Pb, 2 weight %～4 weight %, preferred, the content of the Pb in the valve seat is 3 weight %～4 weight %.
The Mn that also contains 1 weight %～5 weight % in the valve seat provided by the invention, because the Working environment of valve seat exists high temperature and high pressure gas and low-temp low-pressure gas simultaneously, in order to reduce the heat exchange action of high-temperature gas and cryogenic gas, need valve seat to have good heat-blocking action, the inventor finds, when in valve seat, adding the Mn of above content, can obviously reduce the thermal conductivity of valve seat, guarantee that simultaneously valve seat has the good mechanical performance.When the content of Mn in the valve seat during less than 1 weight %, thermal conductivity reduces not obvious, when the content of valve seat Mn during greater than 5 weight %, because the easy oxidation of Mn can increase fragility, has reduced the mechanical property of valve seat, the fusing point of while material is low and heat conductance is too low, has increased the soldering difficulty.Both have lower heat conductance for valve seat is compared with existing product, can guarantee the good high-temperature brazing property again, preferred, the content of Mn is 1.5 weight %～3 weight % in the valve seat, and is preferred, and the content of Mn is 2 weight %～2.5 weight % in the valve seat.
In order to make seat material have better wear resistance energy and etch resistant properties, valve seat provided by the invention has also added the Sn of certainweight percentage composition.The content of Sn surpasses 0.120 weight % can make the plasticity of valve seat reduce, less than 0.030 weight % DeGrain, so the appropriate proportioning of its Sn content is 0.030 weight %～0.120 weight %, in order to make valve seat have wear-resisting preferably and etch resistant properties, has simultaneously good plasticity again, be convenient to control its composition during in addition for the material melting, preferred, the content of the Sn in the valve seat is 0.040 weight %～0.098 weight %.
In order to make seat material have more the feature of environmental protection, the cadmium content of seat material provided by the invention is controlled at below 5 ppm by weight (1,000,000/content).Processing method one side Cd content to raw materials technology and subsidiary material before melting of control cadmium content is strictly controlled; Be on the other hand in smelting process, adjust the add-on of P.Because P is a kind of reductor, the oxide compound of generation can form throw out with cadmium, forms residue and is removed.In order to guarantee the processing characteristics of seat material, as good machinability, the P content in the seat material is controlled at 0.008 weight %～0.018 weight % and is advisable.Preferably, the content of P in the valve seat is 0.011 weight %～0.018 weight %, specifically in fusion process, generally add according to the Cd content detection result after the fusing in the material, addition is a little more than forming the required amount of throw out with cadmium, thereby makes the content of the P of final material be controlled at 0.011 weight %～0.018 weight %.
Can also comprise in the seat material provided by the invention that total amount is no more than other elements such as the Cr of 1 weight %, Co, Ag, Nb, Zr, Mg, Al, these all are contents well known to those skilled in the art, and surplus is Zn.
For the preparation method of seat material, the present invention is also without particular limitation, can adopt method well known to those skilled in the art to prepare.That is, copper alloy solution is adjusted into the method that satisfies behind the above solution that requires by those skilled in the art's routines such as casting, hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing obtains the finished product bar, be processed into valve seat with mach method again by adding alloying element.Methods such as casting can cast continuously, direct chill casting, the hot rolled temperature can be 660 ℃～960 ℃, annealing temperature can be 410 ℃～610 ℃.Valve seat of the present invention can be used for magnetic valve or reversing valve, and described reversing valve can be air conditioning machinery, the used reversing valve of refrigerator, and described air-conditioning can be single cold air-conditioning, heat pump air conditioner, and preferred, described reversing valve is the four-way change-over valve in the heat pump air conditioner.
The invention provides a kind of valve seat of forming by top valve seat and lower valve seat, the seat material that the top valve seat adopts the invention described above to provide, lower valve seat adopts material such as the stainless steel lower than upper valve seat material thermal conductivity, further improves the energy-saving effect of valve seat.
See also Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 b, Fig. 1 c, be respectively front view, vertical view and the left view of a kind of embodiment of valve seat provided by the invention.As shown in Figure 1a, in a kind of embodiment, valve seat 101 provided by the invention is formed by fixedly connecting by top valve seat 31 and lower valve seat 32, the material selection of top valve seat 31 seat material provided by the invention wherein, the material of lower valve seat 32 adopts stainless steel, the upper surface 311 of described top valve seat 31 is the machining plane, be used to realize and the four-way change-over valve slider part between be sealed and matched.Described lower valve seat 32 lower surfaces are an arc surface 321, and shown in Fig. 1 c, the side of lower valve seat is similar to " D " font, and certainly, the lower surface of middle and lower part of the present invention valve seat is not limited to arc surface; Shown in Fig. 1 b, along the length direction of valve seat 101, run through the 3rd port one 01c that top valve seat and lower valve seat have the first port one 01a that is communicated with indoor heat converter, the second port one 01b that is communicated with the compressor air suction end with being arranged in order and be communicated with outdoor heat converter.
As shown in Figure 1a, three ports are big end down stepped hole, and so design is the location and installation for the ease of taking over, and is understandable that the described first port one 01a, the second port one 01b, the 3rd port one 01c are that straight hole can satisfy the use needs equally.
Than the reversing valve valve seat of existing four-way valve, existing valve seat is whole for market brass supports, and its thermal conductivity the heat transmission takes place between adjacent port, and then have bigger power loss greater than 100w/mk; And valve seat construction provided by the present invention, top valve seat 31 is selected seat material provided by the invention for use, not only has good machinability, can keep the good precision of upper surface, and thermal conductivity is low, more environmental protection; Lower valve seat 32 is selected the lower stainless steel of thermal conductivity for use, and stainless thermal conductivity generally is no more than 30w/mk.Because top valve seat 31 and lower valve seat 32 have comprehensively reduced the thermal conductivity of existing valve seat, therefore can reduce the calorific loss of air-conditioning greatly.In addition, lower valve seat 32 can adopt also that other is corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant, the highly compressed material, just can reach purpose of the present invention as long as the thermal conductivity of lower valve seat material is lower than the thermal conductivity of upper valve seat material, and preferably, the lower valve seat material is a stainless steel.For stainless steel, the present invention is without particular limitation, can be that (SUS400) stainless steel, Cr-Ni are (SUS300) stainless steel, Cr-Mn-Ni (SUS200) stainless steel and precipitation hardening (SUS600) stainless steel for Cr.Preferably, for Cr-Ni system (SUS300) stainless steel, as the stainless steel of the trades mark such as SUS301, SUS302, SUS303, SUS304, SUS309, SUS316, SUS316L.
Further, the thickness T of described top valve seat 31 is 1～5mm.In fact, for reducing calorific loss, when satisfying mach condition, the thickness T of described top valve seat 31 should reduce as far as possible, to reduce power loss to greatest extent.
Before the assembling, need that at first described top valve seat 31 and lower valve seat 32 are carried out pre-determined bit and fix, top valve seat 31 carries out maintenance with lower valve seat 32 by welding process such as spot welding and is connected.Again described valve seat is placed and carry out the general assembly welding in the main valve body.
About location, the fixed sturcture between described top valve seat 31 and the lower valve seat 32, further, the present invention also provides three kinds of preferred implementations in addition.
See also Fig. 2 a, the figure shows syndeton between first kind of described top valve seat 31 and the lower valve seat 32.
Shown in Fig. 2 a, the upper surface of described lower valve seat 32 has groove 322, correspondingly, is extended with projection 312 on the lower surface of described top valve seat 31 downwards, and described protruding 312 place in the described groove 322.
Wherein, described protruding 312 height is greater than the degree of depth of described groove 322, press-fit in described groove 322 described protruding 312 during assembling, because the material of upper valve seat material is softer, reach the effect of shrink-fit by pressing described protruding 312 in described groove 322 internal strains, to be used for the positioning and fixing of described top valve seat and lower valve seat.
Certainly, the pre-determined bit between described top valve seat 31 and the lower valve seat 32 is fixing also can to adopt other modes to realize, such as it is fixing to adopt the spot welding mode to be decided to be between described top valve seat 31 and the lower valve seat 32.
Wherein, the groove on described lower valve seat 32 upper surfaces and the cross-sectional shape of respective bump can be for multiple, see also Fig. 2 b, Fig. 2 c and Fig. 2 d, in order to be clearly shown that the cross-sectional shape of described groove 322 more, it is respectively the local enlarged diagram of three kinds of groove 322 cross-sectional shapes.
Shown in Fig. 2 b, the cross-sectional shape of described groove 322 is up-small and down-big trapezoidal; Shown in Fig. 2 c, the cross-sectional shape of described groove 322 is up big and down small trapezoidal; Shown in Fig. 2 d, the cross-sectional shape of described groove 322 is a rectangle.In fact, the cross-sectional shape that can realize the described groove 322 of above-mentioned matching relationship is not limited to aforementioned three kinds of situations.
Certainly, press-fit cooperation after because that the groove 322 of up-small and down-big trapezoid cross section and the positioning and fixing between the described top valve seat projection 322 concern is more reliable, thus groove 322 shown in Fig. 2 b be shaped as preferred plan.
Before press fit arrangement, the thickness of described top valve seat is about 1.3mm, with lower valve seat pressing or welding fixing after, the surface of valve seat has certain deformation, add and when the shell of main valve welds, also have a certain amount of variation, so the surface of valve seat has the distortion about 0.08～0.15mm, therefore the plane that need carry out the valve seat upper surface after the shell of main valve is finished with the welding of adapter, valve seat processes, after machining, make the upper surface of valve seat keep smooth and reach certain surface quality, thus seal request satisfied and saddle.General amount of finish is about 0.3mm, and the thickness through processing upper back valve seat is retained in 1mm like this.Certainly, the top valve seat is not limited to this thickness, and along with spatial size variation in the main valve shell, the thickness of top valve seat is also wanted corresponding suitable variation, satisfying the requiring under the situation of mechanical workout, the thickness of top valve seat is as far as possible little of to reduce correspondingly heat transfer loss.
See also Fig. 3, this figure is a syndeton synoptic diagram between second kind of described top valve seat 31 and the lower valve seat 32.
As shown in Figure 3, the outer rim of the opposite side of top valve seat 31 is extended with convex shoulder 313 respectively downwards, and the upper end of described lower valve seat 32 places in the accommodation section that forms between described two convex shoulders 313.
In order to realize wringing fit relation between top valve seat 31 and the lower valve seat 32, the length of formed accommodation section is less than the length of described lower valve seat 32 upper ends between the described convex shoulder 313, during assembling described lower valve seat 32 is fitted between the described convex shoulder 32 in the formed accommodation section, be out of shape the effect that reaches shrink-fit by the described convex shoulder 313 of pressing, realize the positioning and fixing between described top valve seat 31 and the lower valve seat 32.
Need to prove that described convex shoulder 313 can be oppositely arranged along the front and rear direction or the left and right direction of top valve seat, or along both direction convex shoulder is set all; Certainly, under the situation that the valve inner structure space allows, along both direction convex shoulder 313 is set and is preferred plan, to obtain being decided to be fixed relationship between reliable more top valve seat 31 and the lower valve seat 32.Certainly, can also after top valve seat and lower valve seat crimping are fixing, weld again with its fixing reliability of further increase.
See also Fig. 4, this figure is a syndeton synoptic diagram between the third described top valve seat 31 and the lower valve seat 32.As shown in Figure 4, the thickness T of described top valve seat 31 is 5mm, be provided with several corresponding respectively blind holes on the lower surface of described top valve seat 31 and the upper surface of lower valve seat 32, it is fixedly connected that valve seat corresponding blind hole 314,323 in described upper and lower part adopts steady brace to carry out respectively, between the blind hole on described steady brace 36 and the described upper and lower part valve seat for shrink-fit be used between described above-mentioned valve seat and the lower valve seat be decided to be fixing.Equally, also can adopt welding to be decided to be fixing between described top valve seat and the lower valve seat as the spot welding mode.
See also Fig. 8 a, Fig. 8 b, Fig. 8 c, this figure is the view of the 4th kind of embodiment of the valve seat of four-way change-over valve provided by the invention, and wherein, Fig. 8 a is a front view, and Fig. 8 b is a vertical view, and Fig. 8 c is a side-view; Valve seat 101g has a plane 101e and the arc surface 101f relative with the plane, the 3rd port one 01c that has the first port one 01a that is communicated with indoor heat converter, the second port one 01b that is communicated with the compressor air suction end between plane and the arc surface with being arranged in order and be communicated with outdoor heat converter, arc surface also can be other shape, and the present invention is also without particular limitation.Three kinds of preferred implementations that present embodiment is above-mentioned relatively, easy to process, make, install simply, but in heat transfer loss's reduction, slightly be worse than three kinds of above-mentioned preferred implementations.
See also Fig. 5, be the structural representation of main valve 11, main valve 11 comprises a columnar shell 102, and the shell two ends have the end cap (not marking) of two sealings, have good processing properties in order to make shell, and shell can be metal material, is preferably copper alloy.Be slidingly fitted with two pistons (12a, 12b) in the shell 102, the sealing between two pistons and the shell can be adopted sealing-ring or wear ring, for example method well known to those skilled in the art such as tetrafluoroethylene.By having carbon steel or stainless steel connecting rod 103 fixedly connected, and the cavity in the shell is divided into the first cavity 11a, the second cavity 11b that lays respectively at outside the piston two ends between two pistons (12a, 12b), and the 3rd cavity 11c between two pistons.(12a, 12b) and the fixedly connected mode between the connecting rod 103, the present invention is also without particular limitation, but it is more convenient to be threaded with employing for piston.
On the 3rd cavity 11c of shell, valve seat 101 is welded on the sidewall of the 3rd cavity 11c, at this moment, the 3rd cavity 11c can be communicated with indoor heat converter E end by the first port one 01a on the valve seat, be communicated with compressor air suction end S end, is communicated with outdoor heat converter C end by the 3rd port one 01c by the second port one 01b.
On sidewall relative on the 3rd chamber of shell with the sidewall that valve seat is installed, have the 4th port one 02a that is connected with compressor air-discharging end D end, the 4th port one 02a position also can be on other position in the 3rd chamber, to this present invention and without particular limitation.
Mid-way on connecting rod 103 fixedly connected have the slide block 104 of the crown cavity 104a of ball, slide block 104 keeps slipper seal to contact with described valve seat, when the piston drivening rod is mobile in the enclosure, the cavity 104a of slide block 104 can be communicated with the first port one 01a and the second port one 01b of valve seat 101, and the 3rd port one 01c and the 4th port one 02a are communicated with; Perhaps, cavity 104a is communicated with the second port one 01b and the 3rd port one 01c of valve seat 101, and the first port one 01a and the 4th port one 02a are communicated with.For the shape of cavity, the present invention and without particular limitation can be crown for ball, cuboid, ellipsoid is crown or other known shapes, and the material of slide block can be non-metallic material, is preferably nylon.Slide block 104 can adopt running fit with connecting rod 103.For the position of slide block 104 on connecting rod, the present invention there is no concrete restriction, can be installed in the centre of connecting rod, also can be installed in optional position on the connecting rod, preferably slide block 104 is installed in the centre of connecting rod 103.
Seeing also Fig. 9, is the main valve synoptic diagram of four-way change-over valve of the valve seat of the 4th kind of embodiment of use provided by the invention; The difference of itself and main valve structure shown in Figure 5 is that this structure has adopted the valve seat construction of four embodiment of the invention, and promptly valve seat 101g is an integral structure, and all the other structures are identical with Fig. 5, do not repeat them here.
See also Fig. 6, be the position view of four-way valve provided by the invention in air-conditioning system.Four-way valve comprises solenoid 10, pilot valve 13 and main valve 11,
Pilot valve 13 comprises the sliding bowl 13b in the shell 13a, shell, and the first kapillary 14a that is communicated with the first cavity 11a of main valve, the second kapillary 14b that is communicated with the second port one 01b on the valve seat and the three capillary 14c that is communicated with the second cavity 11b of main valve are installed on the sidewall of shell successively.
Sliding bowl 13b in the pilot valve shell is installed on the frame 13c, frame 13c drives slide the in the enclosure selectable connection first kapillary 14a and the second kapillary 14b by the core iron 10a of solenoid 10, perhaps be communicated with second kapillary 14b and the three capillary 14c, in the shell with on the sidewall of the relative side of three kapillaries of above installation (14a, 14b, 14c) sidewall the 4th kapillary 14d that is communicated with the 4th port one 02a on the main valve be housed also.When sliding bowl was communicated with the first kapillary 14a and the second kapillary 14b, three capillary 14c and the 4th kapillary 14d were communicated with, and when sliding bowl was communicated with the second kapillary 14b and three capillary 14c, the first kapillary 14a was connected with the 4th kapillary 14d.
Solenoid 10 comprise drive that sliding bowl 13b slides in the enclosure core iron 10a and the return spring 10b that is connected with core iron.
The 4th port one 02a of main valve 11 is communicated with the venting port of compressor 16, the second port one 01b of main valve is communicated with the suction opening of compressor 16, the first port one 01a of main valve is communicated with indoor heat converter 17, the 3rd port one 01c of main valve is communicated with outdoor heat converter 18, and indoor heat converter 17 is connected by throttling element 19 with outdoor heat converter 18.
Four-way valve workflow provided by the invention is described in detail in detail below.
When air-conditioning need freeze, solenoid 10 outages, under the effect of return spring 10b, core iron 10c trailing frame 13c assembly drives sliding bowl 13b and is moved to the left together, sliding bowl is communicated with the first kapillary 14a and the second kapillary 14b, and three capillary 14c and the 4th kapillary 14d are communicated with.Because the second port one 01b on the main valve is that the low-pressure low-temperature district is communicated with the suction end of compressor, this moment, the first cavity 11a of main valve was in the low-pressure low-temperature state.The 4th port one 02a on the main valve is that high temperature and high pressure gas is communicated with the exhaust side of compressor, and high temperature and high pressure gas arrives the second chamber 11b of main valve at last successively through the 4th port one 02a, the 4th kapillary 14d, three capillary 14c.So formed pressure difference between first cavity and the 3rd cavity, under this action of pressure, slide block 104 is moved to the left under the drive of two pistons (12a, 12b), is communicated with the first port one 01a and the second port one 01b, and the 3rd port one 01c and the 4th port one 02a are communicated with.Like this, the path of the refrigeration working medium circulation of air-conditioning system inside is followed successively by: the cavity 104a-second port one 01b-compressor 16 of venting port-Di four port one 02a-the 3rd cavity 11c-the 3rd port one 01c-outdoor heat converter 18-throttling element 19-indoor heat converter 17-first port one 01a-slide block 104 of compressor 16, system realizes refrigeration cycle.
When air-conditioning need heat, solenoid 10 energising, under the effect of the 10b of return spring, core iron 10c trailing frame 13c assembly drives a sliding bowl 13b and moves right together, sliding bowl is communicated with the second kapillary 14b and three capillary 14c, and the first kapillary 14a and the 4th kapillary 14d are communicated with.At this moment, the 3rd cavity 11c of main valve is in the low-temp low-pressure state; High temperature and high pressure gas arrives the first cavity 11a of main valve at last successively through the 4th port one 02a, the 4th kapillary 14d, the first kapillary 14a.Because in first cavity of main valve is high temperature and high pressure gas, in the 3rd cavity is low-pressure low-temperature gas, formed pressure difference in two cavitys, under this action of pressure, slide block 104 moves right under the drive of two pistons (12a, 12b), be communicated with the second port one 01b and the 3rd port one 01c, and the first port one 01a and the 4th port one 02a are communicated with.Like this, the refrigeration working medium circulation path of air-conditioning system inside is: the cavity 104a-second port one 01b-compressor 16 suction openinies of compressor 16 venting ports-the 4th port one 02a-the 3rd cavity 11c-first port one 01a-indoor heat converter 17-throttling element 19-outdoor heat converter 18-the 3rd port one 01c-slide block 104, system realizes heating circulation.
Use specific embodiment and comparative example below the thermal characteristics of valve seat provided by the invention has been carried out simultaneous test.The preparation method of upper valve seat material is for adopting the method for continuous casting, during casting, add-on by adjusting P is to remove too much Cd, obtain carrying out hot rolling at 850 ℃ behind the strand, carry out the cold rolling of single pass or multi-pass, anneal at 450 ℃ at last, obtain bar, alloying constituent is as shown in table 1:
Table 1 valve seat alloying constituent
As can be seen from the above table, the Cd content of several embodiments of the present invention has all obtained control preferably.Simultaneously, test in the thermal conductivity under the differing temps by the seat material that the above embodiment of the present invention and comparative example are provided, the result is referring to table 2:
Table 2 valve seat thermal conductivity (w/mk)
Can see that the thermal conductivity of several embodiments of the present invention valve seat significantly decreases than original material.
Seat material among above three embodiment is processed into three one valve seats shown in Figure 8, that valve seat size is identical with Fig. 2 a respectively.
Again the seat material among above three embodiment is processed into the top valve seat shown in Fig. 2 a respectively, the thickness of top valve seat is 2mm, lower valve seat all adopts the SUS316 stainless steel, then above three top valve seats and lower valve seat is combined into three split valve seats according to the mode shown in Fig. 2 b.
Material in the comparative example 1 is made the identical one valve seat of valve seat size with shown in Figure 8, valve seat size and Fig. 2 a.
Above seven valve seats are welded to respectively in the four-way change-over valve body, are processed into seven four-way change-over valve finished products, and these seven four-way change-over valves are installed on same air-conditioning system respectively circulate, carry out calorific loss comparative analysis test.
In the process of the test, stablize temperature, pressure and the flow of four-way valve refrigerant gangway, as shown in Figure 7, when heating, the 3rd port one 01c is the refrigerant inlet, and second port is the 101b refrigerant exit, writes down refrigerant pressure, temperature and the cold medium flux (Gd) of the 3rd port and second port this moment, according to above experimental data, the enthalpy (h that tables look-up and obtain the refrigerant gangway
The 3rd port, h
Second port) the substitution following formula:
Δ Q=Gd (h
The 3rd port-h
Second port)
So calculate the loses heat Δ Q of several embodiment and comparative example.
The comparison test data, can obtain adopting materials processing by embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 to become the calorific loss of the four-way valve of the split valve seat that the top valve seat combines to be respectively 85%, 83%, 86% of comparative example calorific loss, and the calorific loss that adopts the materials processing of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 to be integral the four-way valve of valve seat is respectively 90%, 88%, 91% of comparative example calorific loss.
From above argumentation as can be known, adopt the valve seat of four-way valve provided by the invention, can obviously reduce thermosteresis, in the operation of air conditioner process, can reduce the calorific loss between the high low temperature refrigerant in first port, second port, the 3rd port and the 3rd chamber, improve the energy-saving effect of air-conditioning effectively.
Equally, seat material of the present invention also can be used for freezing or system such as HVAC on the valve seat of employed magnetic valve, because employed magnetic valve in these systems, the inner fluid that is circulated all can produce the heat transfer loss because of the thermal conduction of valve seat when having the temperature difference in the both sides of magnetic valve; The requirement of the environmental protection aspect of used brass material is also all more and more higher in these systems simultaneously.And specifically processing, using method are well known to those skilled in the art, and just repeat no more at this.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. valve seat, it is characterized in that, form by the top valve seat, the lower valve seat that are fixed with one, length direction along valve seat, first port, second port and the 3rd port that run through described top valve seat and lower valve seat are arranged successively, the material thermal conductivity of described lower valve seat is lower than the material thermal conductivity of described top valve seat, and the material moiety of described top valve seat is:
Cu:55 weight %～63 weight %;
Pb:1 weight %～5 weight %;
Mn:1 weight %～5 weight %;
Sn:0.03 weight %～0.12 weight %;
Cd :≤5 ppm by weight;
Surplus is Zn and unavoidable impurities.
2. valve seat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the material moiety of described valve seat:
Cu:56 weight %～62 weight %;
Sn:0.040 weight %～0.098 weight %;
Pb:2 weight %～4 weight %.
3. valve seat according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the content as the P of impurity in the material moiety of described valve seat is 0.011 weight %～0.018 weight %.
4. according to the described valve seat of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that the material of described lower valve seat is a stainless steel.
5. valve seat according to claim 4 is characterized in that, has groove on the upper surface of described lower valve seat, correspondingly, is extended with projection downwards on the lower surface of described top valve seat, and described projection places in the described groove.
6. valve seat according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the outer rim of the opposite side of described top valve seat is extended with convex shoulder respectively downwards, and the upper end of described lower valve seat places in the accommodation section that forms between described two convex shoulders.
7. valve seat according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, also comprise several steady braces, be provided with several corresponding respectively blind holes on the lower surface of described top valve seat and the upper surface of lower valve seat, described several steady braces place corresponding blind hole on the valve seat of described upper and lower part respectively.
8. main valve that comprises each described valve seat of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, described main valve comprises a shell (102), described valve seat is installed on the shell (102), described shell is communicated with first heat exchanger by described first port respectively, be communicated with the compressor air suction end by described second port, be communicated with second heat exchanger by described the 3rd port, also has the 4th port (102a) that is communicated with the compressor air-discharging end on the described shell, communication apparatus and reversing system are housed in the described shell, and described reversing system control communication apparatus selectively is communicated with first port (101a) and second port (101b) or is communicated with second port (101b) and the 3rd port (101c).
9. main valve according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the bottom latus rectum of first port on the described valve seat, second port and the 3rd port is all respectively greater than its top latus rectum.
10. a four-way change-over valve that comprises each described main valve in the claim 8 to 9 is characterized in that, also comprises pilot valve (13) and solenoid (10), and solenoid (10) is controlled the commutation of main valve (11) by pilot valve (13).
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| CN2008101705466A CN101724763B (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2008-10-17 | Valve seat, main valve and four-way reversing valve |
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| CN101724763B true CN101724763B (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103388945B (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-08-12 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | Cross valve control device and control method thereof |
| CN104048068A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-17 | 徐州顺风阀门有限公司 | Monomer four-way reversing valve |
| CN107575597B (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2019-10-22 | 浙江三花制冷集团有限公司 | A kind of sliding block and the reversal valve using the sliding block |
| JP6580724B2 (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2019-09-25 | 株式会社不二工機 | Flow path switching valve and valve seat member used therefor |
| CN111677901B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2022-07-12 | 格力电器（合肥）有限公司 | Four-way valve and air conditioner |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101173716A (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-07 | 浙江三花制冷集团有限公司 | Four-way reversing valve for heat pump air conditioner |
| CN101230430A (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2008-07-30 | 宁波博威集团有限公司 | Low-conductivity and low-heat-conductivity free-cutting brass alloys |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101173716A (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-07 | 浙江三花制冷集团有限公司 | Four-way reversing valve for heat pump air conditioner |
| CN101230430A (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2008-07-30 | 宁波博威集团有限公司 | Low-conductivity and low-heat-conductivity free-cutting brass alloys |
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