CN101724491A - Friction improver, preparation method and lubricating oil composition thereof - Google Patents
Friction improver, preparation method and lubricating oil composition thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101724491A CN101724491A CN200810224383A CN200810224383A CN101724491A CN 101724491 A CN101724491 A CN 101724491A CN 200810224383 A CN200810224383 A CN 200810224383A CN 200810224383 A CN200810224383 A CN 200810224383A CN 101724491 A CN101724491 A CN 101724491A
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Abstract
The invention provides a friction improver which is the compound represented by the formula (1).The invention also provides a preparation method of the friction improver, which comprises the following steps of: reacting fatty glyceride with phosphorus pentasulfide to obtain a sulfur phosphoric acid product; and reacting the sulfur phosphoric acid product with zinc oxide and/or zinc hydroxide. The invention also provides a lubricating oil composition containing the friction improver. The color of the friction improver is similar to that of the original vegetable oil, thereby solving the problem in color of T405, and the tribological feature of the friction improver is not inferior to or partially superior to that of T405.The friction improver also solves the problem that T405 can not be compounded with ZDDP, thereby widening the application range.
Description
Technical field
The lubricating oil composition that the present invention relates to a kind of friction improver and preparation method thereof and contain this friction improver.
Background technology
Lubricating oil works between two mechanical parts that have relative movement and come in contact, and protects moving parts not to be subjected to or few damaged by forming thin film.Lubricating oil contains base oil and additive.Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) is one of the most frequently used lubricating oil additive, and it has anti-oxidant, anticorrosive and performance such as resistance to wear.Friction improver also is a kind of lubricated oil additives.When the adding friction improver is used between the moving parts in the common base oil, can significantly reduce the frictional coefficient of surface in contact from the physicals friction improver.ZDDP and friction improver often need composite as lubricated oil additives.
The sulfuration haco oil is the broad-spectrum friction improver of twentieth century early development, is widely used in gear oil, steam cylinder oil, petrol engine running in oil and the lubricating grease.Along with the minimizing of cetacean number with to the protection of ecotope, gradually adopt non-haco oil to substitute production as raw material, developed a series of surrogate.These surrogates mainly adopt three kinds of methods synthetic: (1) will react with Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) from the mixed fatty acid (comprising saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) that vegetable and animals oils makes, generate fatty acid ester, vulcanize then, the structure of this product is the most approaching with the sulfuration haco oil, but cost is higher; (2) animal-plant oil is mixed with certain proportion with alhpa olefin, then sulfuration; (3) animal-plant oil is mixed with certain proportion with fatty acid ester, then sulfuration.
The sulfurized olefin cotton oil that adopts second kind of scheme to make is sold as commodity agent T405 at home.Such additive can effectively reduce the frictional coefficient of lubricating oil, is applied to machining oil, hydraulic guide rail oil, slide rail oil, industrial gear wet goods.Has the effect of subtracting effect but T405 and the most frequently used ZDDP class material be composite.In addition, adopt sulphur to vulcanize as vulcanizing agent, the sulfurized olefin cotton oil color and luster that obtains is very dark, influences the exterior quality of lubricating oil, has therefore limited the application of such anti-wear agent.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome friction improver and the bad and saturate shortcoming of the composite effect of ZDDP in the prior art, provide a kind of have good abrasion resistance and with the light friction improver of the composite effect of ZDDP and preparation method thereof and the lubricating oil composition that contains this friction improver.
The invention provides a kind of friction improver, this friction improver is the compound by formula (1) expression:
Wherein, X
1, X
2, X
3And X
4Be by the group shown in formula (2), formula (3), formula (4), formula (5) or the formula (6) independently of one another:
Formula (2) formula (3)
Formula (4) formula (5) formula (6)
R wherein
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5, R
6And R
13Be respectively the alkyl or alkenyl that carbonatoms is 8-24.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of friction improver, and this method comprises glycerin fatty acid ester and thiophosphoric anhydride reaction, obtains the sulphur phosphoric acid product; With phosphorus sulfuric acid product and the zinc oxide and/or the zinc hydroxide reaction of gained, wherein, described glycerin fatty acid ester is one or more in the compound shown in formula (7), formula (8), formula (9) or the formula (10) then:
Formula (7) formula (8)
Formula (9) formula (10)
R wherein
7, R
8, R
9, R
10, R
11And R
12Be respectively the alkyl or alkenyl that carbonatoms is 8-24.
The present invention also provides a kind of lubricating oil composition, and said composition contains base oil and friction improver, and wherein, described friction improver is a friction improver provided by the invention.
Friction improver provided by the invention, color and former vegetables oil are approaching, have solved the color problem of T405, and tribological property is not inferior to or part is better than T405.Friction improver provided by the invention has also solved the problem that T405 can not be composite with ZDDP, has expanded purposes.
Embodiment
Friction improver provided by the invention is the compound by formula (1) expression:
Wherein, X
1, X
2, X
3And X
4Can be the group shown in formula (2), formula (3), formula (4), formula (5) or the formula (6) independently of one another:
Formula (2) formula (3)
Formula (4) formula (5) formula (6)
R wherein
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5, R
6And R
13Can be respectively the alkyl or alkenyl that carbonatoms is 8-24.
Under the preferable case, R
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5, R
6And R
13Be respectively the alkyl or alkenyl that carbonatoms is 12-18.
The preparation method of friction improver provided by the invention comprises glycerin fatty acid ester and thiophosphoric anhydride reaction, obtains the sulphur phosphoric acid product; With phosphorus sulfuric acid product and the zinc oxide and/or the zinc hydroxide reaction of gained, wherein, described glycerin fatty acid ester is one or more in the compound shown in formula (7), formula (8), formula (9) and the formula (10) then:
Formula (7) formula (8)
Formula (9) formula (10)
R wherein
7, R
8, R
9, R
10, R
11And R
12Can be respectively the alkyl or alkenyl that carbonatoms is 8-24.
Under the preferable case, R
7, R
8, R
9, R
10, R
11And R
12Be respectively the alkyl or alkenyl that carbonatoms is 12-18.
The temperature of described glycerin fatty acid ester and thiophosphoric anhydride reaction can be 20-120 ℃, and the reaction times can be 1-8 hour, and the weight ratio of thiophosphoric anhydride and glycerin fatty acid ester can be 2-60: 100.
Following formula schematically shows the reaction process of monoglyceride and bis-fatty acid glyceryl ester and thiophosphoric anhydride respectively:
Wherein, described glycerin fatty acid ester can be in the compound shown in formula (7), formula (8), formula (9) and the formula (10) one or more, can be commercially available, and also can be made by vegetables oil and glycerine reaction.Because therefore vegetables oil wide material sources and cheap can save cost with vegetables oil and glycerine reaction obtain fatty acid glyceryl ester.Described vegetables oil can be the vegetables oil of triglyceride structure for various main components, for example, can be in Oleum Gossypii semen, soybean oil, rape seed oil, plam oil, Oleum Cocois and the peanut oil one or more.
The temperature of described vegetables oil and glycerine reaction can be 150-300 ℃, is preferably 175-250 ℃, and more preferably 220-230 ℃, the reaction times can be 0.5-12 hour, is preferably 2-8 hour, more preferably 3-5 hour.The weight ratio of glycerine and vegetables oil can be 5-75: 100, be preferably 10-50: 100.More preferably under the situation, make glycerine excessive, for example, the weight ratio that makes glycerine and vegetables oil is 30-50: 100, and after reaction finishes, separate and remove settled glycerine.
In order to improve speed of response, the reaction of vegetables oil and glycerine can be used catalyzer.This catalyzer can be used for the catalyzer of transesterification reaction for routine, for example, can be in alkalimetal oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, tin compound, aluminum alkoxide and the phenoxy group aluminium one or more, be preferably in alkalimetal oxide, alkaline earth metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide and the alkaline earth metal hydroxides one or more.Vegetables oil with 100 weight parts is a benchmark, and this catalyst consumption can restrain for 0.1-3, is preferably the 0.5-1.5 gram.
Mainly contain triglyceride in the vegetables oil, following formula schematically shows the transesterification reaction of vegetables oil (that is triglyceride) and glycerine:
Final product is the mixture of the compound shown in formula (7), formula (8) formula (9) and the formula (10).
The temperature of described sulphur phosphoric acid product and zinc oxide and/or zinc hydroxide reaction can be 50-120 ℃, and the reaction times can be 1-8 hour, and the weight ratio of zinc oxide and/or zinc hydroxide and sulphur phosphoric acid product can be 5-50: 100.
This reaction can be represented with following equation:
2(XO)
2PSSH+ZnO→[(XO)
2PSS]
2Zn+H
2O
Wherein, product [(XO)
2PSS]
2Zn is the compound shown in the formula (1).
Lubricating oil composition provided by the invention contains base oil and friction improver, and wherein, this friction improver is a friction improver provided by the invention.Base oil with 100 weight parts is a benchmark, and the content of described friction improver can be the 0.2-5 weight part, is preferably the 0.5-4 weight part.Wherein, described base oil can be various hydro carbons lubricant bases, for example can be in I. C. engine oil, pre-oiling, gear oil, machinery oil, hydraulic efficiency oil, spindle oil, metal working oil and the lubricating grease one or more.Lubricating oil composition of the present invention can also contain zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), and wherein, described alkyl can be the alkyl of 3-10 for carbonatoms, and the content of described ZDDP can be the 0-5 weight part, is preferably the 0.5-3 weight part.Described ZDDP can be commercially available, for example, and the ZDDP of T202, T203, T204 and T205 type.
Below, will be explained in more detail the present invention by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment is used to illustrate the preparation of friction improver of the present invention.
500 gram Oleum Gossypii semens, 300 gram glycerine, 4 are restrained in the there-necked flask of 1000 milliliters of CaO addings, open and stir, be warming up to 200 ℃, kept thermotonus 2 hours.Be cooled to 60 ℃ then, separation is also removed settled glycerine, and the hydrochloric acid that adds 1mol/L makes system be acid (pH value=4), washes 3 times (using 300 ml deionized water) at every turn, after removing free water content with anhydrous sodium sulphate, insulation is 3 hours in 115 ℃ baking oven.Add 60 gram P then
2S
5, the unnecessary P of filtering after reacting 2 hours under 60 ℃
2S
5Add 30 gram ZnO in filtrate, be warming up to 80 ℃ of reactions 4 hours, the filtering precipitation promptly obtains target product, and note is made A1.Zinc content with ICP method inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer product is 4.08%, and sulphur content is 8.23%, and phosphorus content is 3.92%.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is used to illustrate the preparation of friction improver of the present invention.
500 gram soybean oil, 180 gram glycerine, 4 are restrained in the there-necked flask of 1000 milliliters of NaOH addings, open and stir, be warming up to 220 ℃, kept thermotonus 4 hours.Be cooled to 60 ℃ then, the glycerine of separate and subside, the hydrochloric acid that adds 1mol/L makes system be acid (pH value=4), washes 3 times (using 300 ml deionized water) at every turn, remove free water content with anhydrous sodium sulphate after, in 115 ℃ baking oven, be incubated 3 hours.Add 80 gram P then
2S
5, the unnecessary P of filtering after reacting 2 hours under 70 ℃
2S
5Add 35 gram ZnO in filtrate, be warming up to 80 ℃ of reactions 4 hours, the filtering precipitation obtains target product, and note is made A2.Zinc content with ICP method inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer product is 4.73%, and sulphur content is 9.23%, and phosphorus content is 4.32%.
Embodiment 3
100 gram glyceryl monostearates (chemical pure, content>98%) and 50 are restrained in the there-necked flask of 500 milliliters of hexanaphthenes addings, open and stir, be warming up to 60 ℃ it is dissolved fully.Add 30 gram P
2S
5, reacted 3 hours down at 60 ℃, then the unnecessary P of filtering
2S
5Add 20 gram ZnO in filtrate, be warming up to 70 ℃ of reactions 4 hours, the filtering precipitation at 70 ℃, is carried out underpressure distillation with filtrate under the 1973Pa pressure, remove hexanaphthene, obtains target product, and note is made A3.Zinc content with ICP method inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer product is 6.15%, and sulphur content is 12.23%, and phosphorus content is 5.85%.
Embodiment 4-6
Embodiment 4-6 is used to illustrate the application as lubricating oil additive of friction improver that embodiment 1-3 makes.
Friction improver A1, A2 and A3 that embodiment 1-3 is made are made into test lubricating oil with the 100SN hydrogenated base oil respectively.Base oil with 100 weight parts is a benchmark, and the add-on of friction improver A1, A2 and A3 is respectively 1 weight part, 2 weight parts and 4 weight parts, and the lubricating oil sample that makes is remembered respectively and made B1, B2 and B3.
Embodiment 7-9
Embodiment 7-9 is used to the friction improver and the composite application as lubricating oil additive of ZDDP that illustrate that embodiment 1-3 makes.
Friction improver A1, A2 and A3 that embodiment 1-3 is made are made into test lubricating oil with ZDDP (T204, Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) and 100SN hydrogenated base oil respectively.Base oil with 100 weight parts is a benchmark, and the add-on of ZDDP is 1 weight part, and the add-on of friction improver A1, A2 and A3 is respectively 1 weight part, 2 weight parts and 4 weight parts, and the lubricating oil sample that makes is remembered respectively and made D1, D2 and D3.
Comparative Examples 1
ZDDP (T204, Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) and 100SN hydrogenated base oil are made into test lubricating oil.Base oil with 100 weight parts is a benchmark, and the add-on of ZDDP is 1 weight part, and the lubricating oil sample note that makes is made C1.
Comparative Examples 2
This Comparative Examples is used to illustrate the application of friction improver T405 as lubricating oil additive.
T405 (Wangcheng, Changsha petroleum chemical plant) is made into test lubricating oil with the 100SN hydrogenated base oil.Base oil with 100 weight parts is a benchmark, and the add-on of T405 is 1 weight part, and the lubricating oil sample note that makes is made C2.
Comparative Examples 3
This Comparative Examples is used to illustrate T405 and the composite application as lubricating oil additive of ZDDP.
T405 (Wangcheng, Changsha petroleum chemical plant), ZDDP (T204, Jinzhou Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) are made into test lubricating oil with the 100SN hydrogenated base oil.Base oil with 100 weight parts is a benchmark, and the add-on of ZDDP is 1 weight part, and the add-on of T405 is 1 weight part, and the lubricating oil sample note that makes is made C3.
Performance test
Colourity: measure according to GB/T 6540 petroleum products color measurenent methods.
Frictional behaviour:
1, measures the last non seizure load of the lubricating oil sample that embodiment 4-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3 make according to GB/T 3142 lubricating oil supporting capacity assay methods (four ball methods).
2, measure the frictional coefficient of the lubricating oil sample that embodiment 4-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3 make according to SH/T 0762 friction coefficient of lubricating oil assay method (four ball methods).
3, decrease the long term wear wear scar diameter that performance measurement method (four-ball tester method) is measured the lubricating oil sample that embodiment 4-9 and Comparative Examples 1-3 make according to SH/T 0189 lubrication oil antiwear, measuring temperature is 75 ℃, and rotating speed is 1200r/min, and the time is 30min.
Test result is listed in table 1 and table 2.
Table 1
Sample | Colourity/number | Frictional coefficient | Last non seizure load/N | Wear scar diameter/mm |
??B1 | ??1.5 | ??0.063 | ??737 | ??0.42 |
??B2 | ??1.5 | ??0.065 | ??784 | ??0.43 |
??B3 | ??2 | ??0.060 | ??882 | ??0.44 |
??C1 | ??2 | ??0.087 | ??712 | ??0.48 |
??C2 | ??3 | ??0.067 | ??637 | ??0.45 |
As seen from Table 1, the lubricating oil sample that adds friction improver of the present invention has better antifriction performance and an abrasion resistance than what add T204; The lubricating oil sample that adds friction improver of the present invention also has better antifriction and an abrasion resistance than what add T405.
Table 2
Sample | Colourity/number | Frictional coefficient | Last non seizure load/N | Wear scar diameter/mm |
??D1 | ??1.5 | ??0.065 | ??735 | ??0.42 |
??D2 | ??1.5 | ??0.066 | ??735 | ??0.44 |
??D3 | ??1.5 | ??0.062 | ??698 | ??0.40 |
??C3 | ??3 | ??0.085 | ??686 | ??0.56 |
As seen from Table 2, the composite lubricating oil sample that makes of friction improver of the present invention and ZDDP is compared with the composite lubricating oil sample that makes of T405 and ZDDP, has more shallow color, lower frictional coefficient and better abrasion resistance.
Claims (12)
1. a friction improver is characterized in that, this friction improver is the compound by formula (1) expression:
Formula (1)
Wherein, X
1, X
2, X
3And X
4Be by the group shown in formula (2), formula (3), formula (4), formula (5) or the formula (6) independently of one another:
Formula (2) formula (3)
Formula (4) formula (5) formula (6)
R wherein
1, R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5, R
6And R
13Be respectively the alkyl or alkenyl that carbonatoms is 8-24.
2. the preparation method of the described friction improver of claim 1 is characterized in that, this method comprises glycerin fatty acid ester and thiophosphoric anhydride reaction, obtains the sulphur phosphoric acid product; With phosphorus sulfuric acid product and the zinc oxide and/or the zinc hydroxide reaction of gained, wherein, described glycerin fatty acid ester is one or more in the compound shown in formula (7), formula (8), formula (9) and the formula (10) then:
Formula (7) formula (8)
Formula (9) formula (10)
R wherein
7, R
8, R
9, R
10, R
11And R
12Be respectively the alkyl or alkenyl that carbonatoms is 8-24.
3. method according to claim 2, wherein, the condition of described glycerin fatty acid ester and thiophosphoric anhydride reaction comprises that temperature of reaction is 20-120 ℃, and the reaction times is 1-8 hour, and the weight ratio of thiophosphoric anhydride and glycerin fatty acid ester is 2-60: 100.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described methods, wherein, described glycerin fatty acid ester is by making vegetables oil and glycerine reaction.
5. method according to claim 4, wherein, the condition of vegetables oil and glycerine reaction comprises that temperature of reaction is 150-300 ℃, and the reaction times is 0.5-12 hour, and the weight ratio of glycerine and vegetables oil is 5-75: 100.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, the condition of vegetables oil and glycerine reaction comprises that temperature of reaction is 175-250 ℃, and the reaction times is 2-8 hour, and the weight ratio of glycerine and vegetables oil is 10-50: 100.
7. method according to claim 4, wherein, described vegetables oil is one or more in Oleum Gossypii semen, soybean oil, rape seed oil, plam oil, Oleum Cocois and the peanut oil.
8. method according to claim 2, wherein, the condition of described sulphur phosphoric acid product and zinc oxide and/or zinc hydroxide reaction comprises that temperature of reaction is 50-120 ℃, and the reaction times is 1-8 hour, and the weight ratio of zinc oxide and/or zinc hydroxide and sulphur phosphoric acid product is 5-50: 100.
9. lubricant compositions, said composition contains base oil and friction improver, it is characterized in that, and described friction improver is the described friction improver of claim 1.
10. lubricating oil composition according to claim 9 wherein, is a benchmark with the base oil of 100 weight parts, and the content of described friction improver is the 0.2-5 weight part.
11. lubricating oil composition according to claim 9, wherein, described composition also contains zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, is benchmark with the base oil of 100 weight parts, and the content of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate is the 0.2-5 weight part.
12. according to any described lubricating oil composition among the claim 9-11, wherein, described base oil is selected from one or more in I. C. engine oil, pre-oiling, gear oil, machinery oil, hydraulic efficiency oil, spindle oil, metal working oil and the lubricating grease.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103694969A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-02 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Oil-based lubricant and application thereof |
CN110129110A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 河南大学 | A kind of dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate phosphoric acid modification zinc oxide nanoparticle and its preparation method and application |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4436640A (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1984-03-13 | Chevron Research Company | Glycolate dithiophosphoric acids, metal salts thereof and oil compositions containing the salts |
GB8729963D0 (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1988-02-03 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Dithiophosphates |
CN1018735B (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1992-10-21 | 淄博塑料助剂厂 | Preparation method of polybasic-alcohol fatty ester |
US6551966B2 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2003-04-22 | Crompton Corporation | Oxadiazole additives for lubricants |
US6887835B1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2005-05-03 | Crompton Corporation | Silane additives for lubricants and fuels |
-
2008
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103694969A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-04-02 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Oil-based lubricant and application thereof |
CN110129110A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 河南大学 | A kind of dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate phosphoric acid modification zinc oxide nanoparticle and its preparation method and application |
CN110129110B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-03-26 | 河南大学 | Dialkyl dithiophosphate modified zinc oxide nanoparticles as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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