CN101719183B - Test simulation system for rail structures of high-speed railways and urban railway system - Google Patents
Test simulation system for rail structures of high-speed railways and urban railway system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test simulation system for rail structures of high-speed railways and a urban railway system. The system is based on a finite element theory to establish models of rail structures and various components, and highly simulates indoor test and field test conditions; and the system simulates conditions of key components of a rail and whole rail structures such as stress and deformation under various loading conditions by replacing and combining different types of components, and arranges and analyzes obtained simulation test data to generate vivid animation for demonstration. The system solves the problems existing in actual tests that test equipment and test components have high manufacturing cost, the test process is relatively complicated and tedious and is susceptible to external environment, huge test expense and human capital investment are needed and the like by constructing a friendly human-computer interaction platform to simulate indoor tests and field tests of the rail structures and the components. The simulation system can provide an economical, quick and vivid simulation test and demonstration platform for related scientific research and teaching of the high-speed railways and the urban railway system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-speed railway and urban track traffic track structure test simulation system, belong to railway construction structural test simulation system field.
Background technology
Along with comprehensive speed-raising of China's road network main line, high-speed railway, Line for Passenger Transportation, heavy haul transport and development of urban rail traffic, track structure is faced with many technical barriers such as height (soon) speed and heavy duty as the important foundation facility of railway or subway driving.Be the high ride that guarantees high-speed railway and Line for Passenger Transportation and high-comfort, as to prolong heavy haul railway track structure parts serviceable life, the vibration and noise reducing of realizing urban track traffic, China's track traffic actively introduce and autonomous innovation track structure and parts, some gordian technique difficult problems in the track engineering construction have been solved, remarkable social benefit and economic benefit have been obtained, as the large tracts of land popularization of non-fragment orbit and the application of laying, Damping fastening and high-speed switch etc., for high speed, heavy haul railway and urban track traffic provide strong technical support.
In track structure and parts development project, the track structure test provides important techniques standard and reference frame to development and Design, construction, test operation and the maintenance of track structure, be a requisite ring in the research process of track structure, occupy important status.Use for reference external track structure and parts than proven technique and research and development mode, the exploitation of track structure and parts at first needs to carry out a large amount of shop experiments and site test with design, after satisfying certain technique standards, and promotion and application at the scene.No matter be that shop experiment or site test all need expensive testing equipment and test parts, process of the test is also quite complicated and loaded down with trivial details, and it is bigger to be subjected to the external environment influence, need pay a large amount of research fundings and human resources, finally increases the investment of engineering construction.
The research of high-speed railway and urban track traffic track structure and parts and application require a kind ofly can save the research funding input, and have the track structure and the component test simulation system of higher test flexibility ratio.Still do not have this kind test simulation system at present both at home and abroad, the present invention has filled up this blank, can be applied among engineering test and the scientific research, and can provide economic, quick, lively l-G simulation test and demonstration platform for relevant teaching.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of existing track structure experimental technique, the invention provides a kind of high-speed railway and urban track traffic track structure test simulation system, it is by making up friendly man-machine interactive platform, set up the model of track structure and each parts, height emulation shop experiment and site test condition based on finite element theory; And, simulate situations such as various loading environment lower railway critical components and track integrally-built stressed and distortion by changing and making up dissimilar parts, and the simulation test data that obtain are put in order and analyzed, generate vivid animation and demonstrate.The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of high-speed railway and urban track traffic track structure test simulation system, it comprises:
(1) test simulation console module, it is a personal-machine interactive system platform, the user selects different track structures and parts to carry out various power or slow test after entering this module;
(2) track structure and component test realistic model make up module, and this module is the core of test simulation system, and it comprises: the critical component analogue unit, and it is responsible for carrying out the simulation of track structure critical component; With the overall performance analogue unit, it is responsible for carrying out the simulation of track structure overall performance; And,
(3) data acquisition and analysis and processing module, this module realizes collection and the analytic function to model-test data, realizes the preservation and the output of data, and test figure is carried out corresponding statistical study;
Annexation between each module is as follows:
The user assembles described track structure and component test realistic model by described test simulation platform, thereby makes up described track structure and component test realistic model structure module; Load and the track irregularity excitation in addition dissimilar to described track structure and component test realistic model, and adopt Finite Element Method to carry out the l-G simulation test of orbital mechanics characteristic, and described l-G simulation test data are sent to described data acquisition and analysis and processing module is carried out statistical study and processing, and preserve and the output result.
Technical scheme of the present invention further comprises:
In process of the test, the user assembles various types of parts by described test simulation console module, and in addition dissimilar loads and track irregularity excitation, carries out the track experiment under different condition, the different operating mode.
Described track structure and component test realistic model make up module and utilize finite element analysis software to set up the finite element model of track structure and parts thereof, and described track structure and parts thereof comprise: rail, sleeper, fastener and fragment-free track slab.
Described critical component analogue unit comprises: rail structural simulation submodule, fastener structures ASM, concrete sleeper ASM and other structural simulation submodule; Described overall performance analogue unit comprises: track doff test submodule, non-fragment orbit test submodule, gapless track test submodule and track dynamic test submodule; Wherein, annexation is as follows between each submodule:
Select indication according to the user, utilize the development language of being authorized in the finite element analysis software to create interface, the rail structural simulation submodule in the described critical component analogue unit, fastener structures ASM, concrete sleeper ASM and other structural simulation submodule are coupled together; And the track structure that carries out described track doff test submodule, non-fragment orbit test submodule, gapless track test submodule and track dynamic test submodule is assembled and simulation test.
The interface of expanding test is set on described track structure and parts, is convenient to optimize in the future and the sophisticated systems function.
Utilize animation soft to make the Show Me animation of process of the test and test findings, present the process of whole test, for relevant teaching and scientific research provides lively animated show.
The present invention can also utilize animation soft to make the Show Me animation of process of the test and test findings, presents the process of whole test, for relevant teaching and scientific research provides lively animated show.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is on the basis of the indoor of track structure and site test research, design and develop a cover can analog orbit structure and the power of parts and the digital display circuit of slow test, at a high speed, the related scientific research and the teaching of heavy haul railway and urban track traffic provide economical, quick, lively l-G simulation test and demonstrate platform.Structured flowchart of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is according to high-speed railway of the present invention and urban track traffic track structure test simulation system architecture diagram;
Fig. 2 is according to track template die type synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is according to the track plate upper surface temperature of the present invention meridional stress cloud atlas higher 5 ℃ than lower surface;
Fig. 4 is according to the track plate upper surface temperature of the present invention meridional stress cloud atlas higher 10 ℃ than lower surface;
Fig. 5 is according to the track plate upper surface temperature of the present invention meridional stress cloud atlas lower 5 ℃ than lower surface;
Fig. 6 is according to the track plate upper surface temperature of the present invention meridional stress cloud atlas lower 10 ℃ than lower surface;
Fig. 7 is according to track plate push pedal test model synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is power and the change in displacement graph of a relation of track plate according to the present invention under vertical concentrated force effect;
Fig. 9 is the displacement diagram of track plate when applying 50kN power;
Figure 10 is the displacement diagram of track plate when applying 200kN power;
Figure 11 is the three-dimensional simulation model synoptic diagram according to wheel of the present invention and rail;
Figure 12 is the three-dimensional simulation model synoptic diagram according to track switch stock rail of the present invention, tongue and interval iron.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail:
Following examples all are the simulation test basis with the unit construction, high-speed railway of the present invention and urban track traffic track structure test simulation system architecture diagram as shown in Figure 1, it comprises:
(1) test simulation console module, it is the man-machine interactive system platform of a friendly interface, lively, easy operating, the user selects different track structures and parts to carry out various power or slow test after entering this module.
(2) track structure and component test realistic model make up module, and this module is the core of test simulation system, and it comprises: the critical component analogue unit, and it is responsible for carrying out the simulation of track structure critical component; And, the overall performance analogue unit, it is responsible for carrying out the simulation of track structure overall performance.
(3) data acquisition and analysis and processing module, this module realizes collection and the analytic function to model-test data, can realize the preservation and the output of data, and test figure is carried out corresponding statistical study.
The critical component analogue unit comprises: rail structural simulation submodule, fastener structures ASM, concrete sleeper ASM and other structural simulation submodule; The overall performance analogue unit comprises: track doff test submodule, non-fragment orbit test submodule, gapless track test submodule and track dynamic test submodule.
In specific embodiment, the user assembles various types of parts by described test simulation platform, and in addition dissimilar loads and track irregularity excitation, carries out the track experiment under different condition, the different operating mode.Track structure and component test realistic model make up module and utilize finite element analysis software to set up the finite element model of track structure such as rail, sleeper, fastener, fragment-free track slab and parts thereof; And select indication according to the user, and utilize the development language in the described finite element analysis software to create interface, will couple together with upper module, realize the assembling of track structure; Utilize described finite element analysis software simulation load or track irregularity excitation again, be loaded on the structure, the stressed and distortion in process of the test of analog orbit structure and parts.The interface of expanding test is set on track structure and parts, is convenient to optimize in the future and the sophisticated systems function.
Embodiment 1:
Basic theories such as present embodiment utilization thermal conduction study, adopt Finite Element Method, utilize ANSYS software that the mechanical characteristic of slab track structure under temperature action carried out l-G simulation test, l-G simulation test gained data are analyzed, and utilize FLASH software to carry out animation simulation, form independently analogue system by the VB.NET language at last, for the design of track engineering teaching and non-fragment orbit provides platform and foundation.
Distortion and the stressing conditions of track plate under the temperature load effect only studied in the test of track plate temperature power, so in modeling the rail effect is ignored, sets up the simplified model of track plate and concrete layer, and the CA screed between the two adopts the three-dimensional spring to simulate.Model is chosen a track plate and is calculated, as shown in Figure 2.The track plate is selected the Shinkansen A type track plate of Japan for use, and correlation parameter sees Table 1 and table 2.
Table 1: the Shinkansen A type track plate and the concrete layer correlation parameter of Japan
| Length/m | Wide/m | Thick/m | Elastic modulus/MPa | Poisson ratio | Density/kg/m 3 | Linear expansion coefficient/℃ -1 | |
| The track plate | 4.95 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 3.6×10 4 | 0.2 | 2400 | 1×10 -5 |
| Concrete layer | 5.05 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 3.3×10 4 | 0.167 | 2400 | 1×10 -5 |
Table 2:CA screed correlation parameter
| Length/m | Wide/m | Thick/m | Vertical stiffness/N/m | Longitudinal rigidity/N/m | Lateral stiffness/N/m | |
| The CA screed | 4.95 | 2.5 | 0.05 | 4.71×10 7 | 4.81×10 5 | 3.96×10 5 |
Consider during loading that along the thermograde of thickness of slab direction be 0.5 ℃/cm.State of temperature is considered following four kinds of operating modes: (1) track plate upper surface is higher 5 ℃ than lower surface; (2) track plate upper surface is higher 10 ℃ than lower surface; (3) track plate upper surface is lower 5 ℃ than lower surface; (4) track plate upper surface is lower 10 ℃ than lower surface.The main result of different operating mode lower railway plates sees Table 3.Different operating mode lower railway plate meridional stress cloud atlas such as Fig. 3 are to shown in Figure 6.
Table 3: thermograde effect lower railway plate main result
| Design condition | Maximum vertical displacement/mm | Vertical maximum tension stress/MPa | Vertical maximum crushing stress/MPa | Horizontal maximum tension stress/MPa | Horizontal maximum crushing stress/MPa |
| Operating mode (1) | 0.061 | 1.070 | 1.420 | 1.110 | 1.430 |
| Operating mode (2) | 0.120 | 2.180 | 2.800 | 2.230 | 2.850 |
| Operating mode (3) | 0.076 | 1.050 | 1.440 | 1.100 | 1.450 |
| Operating mode (4) | 0.130 | 2.140 | 2.840 | 2.210 | 2.880 |
Consider the influence of track plate different-thickness, change under two kinds of temperature variation conditions that each considers following three kinds of operating modes: (1) thickness of slab 0.16m in heat up with 0.5 ℃/cm thermograde from top to bottom along the track plate thickness direction variation and cooling; (2) thickness of slab 0.2m; (3) thickness of slab 0.24m.The main result of different operating mode lower railway plates sees Table 4 and table 5.
Table 4: along the track plate thickness direction from top to bottom with the 0.5 ℃/cm thermograde main result under the change condition that heats up
| Design condition | Maximum vertical displacement/mm | Vertical maximum tension stress/MPa | Vertical maximum crushing stress/MPa | Horizontal maximum tension stress/MPa | Horizontal maximum crushing stress/MPa |
| Operating mode (1) | 0.110 | 1.230 | 2.580 | 1.290 | 2.610 |
| Operating mode (2) | 0.130 | 2.140 | 2.840 | 2.210 | 2.880 |
| Operating mode (3) | 0.174 | 2.540 | 3.400 | 2.530 | 3.330 |
Table 5: along the track plate thickness direction from top to bottom with the 0.5 ℃/cm thermograde main result under the change condition of lowering the temperature
| Design condition | Maximum vertical displacement/mm | Vertical maximum tension stress/MPa | Vertical maximum crushing stress/MPa | Horizontal maximum tension stress/MPa | Horizontal maximum crushing stress/MPa |
| Operating mode (1) | 0.085 | 1.730 | 2.250 | 1.790 | 2.300 |
| Operating mode (2) | 0.120 | 2.180 | 2.800 | 2.230 | 2.850 |
| Operating mode (3) | 0.159 | 2.610 | 3.320 | 2.580 | 3.270 |
By above test findings and stress cloud atlas as can be seen: drum can be gone up in the plate center when (1) was higher than underlaying surface temperature when track plate upper surface temperature, and 4 of the track plate angle points can upwarp when being lower than underlaying surface temperature; (2) identical along under the thickness of slab thermograde condition, the deflection of track plate increases with the increase of thickness of slab, stress also increases along with the increase of thickness of slab; (3) difference variation and malformation are not simple linear relationship, temperature is high more, and the amplitude of variation of distortion is big more, in the big area of difference variation, bigger track irregularity can be caused, the influence that temperature variation is brought fragment-free track slab and related track structure thereof should be paid much attention to.
Embodiment 2:
The test of present embodiment simulated field, adopt Finite Element Method, utilize ANSYS software that the mechanical characteristic of slab track structure under the longitudinal force effect carried out l-G simulation test, test gained data are analyzed, and utilize FLASH software to carry out animation simulation, form independently analogue system by the VB.NET language at last, for the design of track engineering teaching and non-fragment orbit provides platform and foundation.
The track plate push pedal test that present embodiment is simulated, promptly study the displacement of track plate under vertical concentrated force effect, obtain the relation of power and displacement, and then try to achieve therebetween friction resistance, in this test, set up the simplified model of track plate and concrete layer, the CA screed between the two adopts the three-dimensional spring to simulate.Get a plate as research object, as shown in Figure 7.The track plate is selected the Shinkansen A type track plate of Japan for use, and correlation parameter sees Table 1 and table 2.
In the simulation test, the power that applies on the track plate is respectively 25kN, 50kN, 100kN, 150kN, 200kN, 250kN, 300kN, obtains being applied to power on the track plate and the relation between the length travel of track plate as shown in Figure 8.Displacement such as Fig. 9 and shown in Figure 10 of track plate when on the track plate, applying the power of 50kN and 200kN.
As shown in Figure 8, in power is that the almost linear variation of power that the track plate is suffered and displacement promptly illustrates under perfect condition under the concrete situation about not losing efficacy (obtaining according to on-the-spot field test) less than 300kN, till before losing efficacy, the friction factor of CA screed can be thought constant.
Embodiment 3:
The test of present embodiment simulation doff on selected rail profile, utilizes wheel that freely falling body under certain drop height is caused vertical impact to the rail rail level, measures the vertical impact force signal of rail on the one hand, calculates the elasticity coefficient K and the ratio of damping C of track; By the decay of rail impulsive force amplitude and the vibration acceleration of track each several part, analyze the vibration transfer and the fade performance of track structure on the other hand.The test method of Japanese railway comprehensive technology research institute comparative maturity is used for reference in the elasticity coefficient of track and the test of ratio of damping and calculating, in the calculating track and load system is considered as single-degree-of-freedom and considers.
Present embodiment adopts Finite Element Method, the actual impact between wheel track when utilizing the train operation of ANSYS software simulation, distortion and stressing conditions to different doff height and the heavy lower railway of axle have carried out l-G simulation test, test gained data are analyzed, and utilize FLASH software to carry out animation simulation, form independently analogue system by the VB.NET language at last, for track structure type selecting and parameter design optimization and track teaching provide theoretical foundation and display platform.
Rail, wheel adopt solid modelling, Figure 11 shows the three-dimensional simulation model of wheel and rail, in this realistic model, contact utilizes among the ANSYS/LS-DYNA distinctive automatic contact to simulate between wheel track, simulate the rail damping at rail tread place with one group of spring, with designs simplifications such as the track plate of rail bottom, CA screeds, simplify simulation with the five groups of springs (laterally, vertically all adding) that put on flange of rail place, spring is 0.6m at interval, only consider its axial elongation and compression, ignore the influence of bending shearing and toe load of fastening.
Rail adopts 60kg/m rail, its elastic modulus E=2.11 * 10
11N/m
2, computational length 6m, moment of inertia I=3.217 * 10
-5m
4, Poisson ratio gets 0.3, and density is got 7830kg/m
3Spoke wheel is right, the heavy 1.2t of axle, its elastic modulus E=2.11 * 10
11N/m
2, Poisson ratio gets 0.3, and density is got 7830kg/m
3The tread spring damping gets 7.5 * 10
4Ns/m and 9.5 * 10
4Two kinds of situations of Ns/m, flange of rail spring rate gets 3.5 * 10
7N/m.
Impact the dynamic finite element model according to the doff of setting up, utilize control variate method to test, variable is the damping of falling height and rail in this model.Falling height is respectively: 15mm, 20mm, 25mm; The rail damping gets 7.5 * 10
4Ns/m and 9.5 * 10
4Two kinds of situations of Ns/m can think to simulate respectively long sleeper buried-type non-fragment orbit and two kinds of situations of elasticity bolster track.
In the calculating, get wheel at 15mm place freely falling body, ratio of damping is respectively 7.5 * 10
4Ns/m and 9.5 * 10
4Ns/m compares, and obtains rail vertical impact force signal, and then obtains duration, the coefficient of resilience (the maximal rate V of wheel to falling for the first time of the effect of vertical impact power
0With the speed V that rebounds and jump up behind the impact rail level
1Ratio be the coefficient of resilience) etc. parameter.Use for reference the test method of Japanese railway comprehensive technology research institute simultaneously, calculate the elasticity coefficient K of track, in the calculating track and load system are considered as single-degree-of-freedom and consider according to formula.Test findings sees Table 6.
Table 6: the bullet spare COEFFICIENT K test findings of track
Data shown in the table 6 show: under the identical situation of doff drop height (present embodiment is got the 15mm drop height), the suffered vertical impact power of the track structure that the track structure that ratio of damping is little is bigger than damping coefficient is big.And this conforms to the measured conclusion of site test.
Embodiment 4:
Present embodiment simulation Line for Passenger Transportation interval iron resistance test, adopt Finite Element Method, utilize ANSYS software that the interval iron drag characteristic under the 1100Nm bolt torque has been carried out l-G simulation test, test gained data are analyzed, and utilize FLASH software to carry out animation simulation, form independently analogue system by the VB.NET language at last, for track engineering teaching and the design of Line for Passenger Transportation high-speed switch provide platform and foundation.
The interval iron resistance test that present embodiment is simulated is promptly studied the displacement of interval iron under vertical concentrated force effect, obtains the relation of power and displacement, and then analyzes the drag characteristic of interval iron when bolt torque is 1100Nm.In this test, set up the solid model of track switch stock rail, tongue, interval iron and bolt, the rubbing action between interval iron and the rail adopts the spring slider to simulate, and the connection at bolt place adopts non-linear spring to simulate.Under the load action of different sizes, draw the relative displacement that the relative displacement at interval iron and the stock rail place of reclining and interval iron and tongue recline and locate by ANSYS simulation, just can converse interval iron connect under the different load actions the tongue and the relative displacement of stock rail.The three-dimensional model of track switch stock rail, tongue and interval iron is tested the material relevant information of being simulated and is seen Table 7 as shown in figure 12.
Table 7: interval iron resistance test simulation material
| Title | Quantity | Title | Quantity |
| Interval iron 160-167/AY (Z) | 1 | Bolt M27 * 110 | 3 |
| Clamping plate 400/A | 1 | Bolt M27 * 120 | 3 |
| Clamping plate 400/B | 1 | 0.66m long 60kg/m rail | 1 |
| ---- | -- | 0.66m long 60D40 rail | 1 |
The present invention can also utilize animation soft to make the Show Me animation of process of the test and test findings, presents the process of whole test, for relevant teaching and scientific research provides lively animated show.
Claims (3)
1. high-speed railway and urban track traffic track structure test simulation system is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) test simulation console module, it is a personal-machine interactive system platform, the user selects different track structures and parts to carry out various power or slow test after entering this module;
(2) track structure and component test realistic model make up module, and this module is the core of test simulation system, and it comprises: the critical component analogue unit, and it is responsible for carrying out the simulation of track structure critical component; With the overall performance analogue unit, it is responsible for carrying out the simulation of track structure overall performance; And,
(3) data acquisition and analysis and processing module, this module realizes collection and the analytic function to model-test data, realizes the preservation and the output of data, and test figure is carried out corresponding statistical study;
Annexation between each module is as follows:
The user assembles described track structure and component test realistic model by described test simulation platform, thereby makes up described track structure and component test realistic model structure module; Load and the track irregularity excitation in addition dissimilar to described track structure and component test realistic model, and adopt Finite Element Method to carry out the l-G simulation test of orbital mechanics characteristic, and described l-G simulation test data are sent to described data acquisition and analysis and processing module is carried out statistical study and processing, and preserve and the output result;
In process of the test, the user assembles various types of parts by described test simulation console module, and in addition dissimilar loads and track irregularity excitation, carries out the track experiment under different condition, the different operating mode;
Described track structure and component test realistic model make up module and utilize finite element analysis software to set up the finite element model of track structure and parts thereof, and described track structure and parts thereof comprise: rail, sleeper, fastener and fragment-free track slab;
Described critical component analogue unit comprises: rail structural simulation submodule, fastener structures ASM, concrete sleeper ASM and other structural simulation submodule; Described overall performance analogue unit comprises: track doff test submodule, non-fragment orbit test submodule, gapless track test submodule and track dynamic test submodule; Wherein, annexation is as follows between each submodule: select indication according to the user, utilize the development language of being authorized in the finite element analysis software to create interface, the rail structural simulation submodule in the described critical component analogue unit, fastener structures ASM, concrete sleeper ASM and other structural simulation submodule are coupled together; And the track structure that carries out described track doff test submodule, non-fragment orbit test submodule, gapless track test submodule and track dynamic test submodule is assembled and simulation test.
2. a kind of high-speed railway according to claim 1 and urban track traffic track structure test simulation system is characterized in that: the interface of expanding test is set on described track structure and parts, is convenient to optimize in the future and the sophisticated systems function.
3. a kind of high-speed railway according to claim 1 and urban track traffic track structure test simulation system, it is characterized in that: utilize animation soft to make the Show Me animation of process of the test and test findings, the process that presents whole test is for relevant teaching and scientific research provides lively animated show.
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| CN102289209A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-12-21 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院有限公司 | CTCS-3 (China train control system) level train control testing simulation system |
| CN103514309A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-15 | 北京交通大学 | Ballastless track designing, checking and calculating system based on space detail solid model |
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