CN101718798A - Debris flow velocity measurement method and implementing system thereof - Google Patents
Debris flow velocity measurement method and implementing system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a debris flow velocity measurement method and an implementing system thereof. Aiming at the defect that methods and devices for measuring internal flow velocity of debris flow are laced in the prior art, the invention provides the method for measuring the debris flow velocity, which comprises the following steps of: arranging two measuring cross sections along the motion direction of the debris flow, measuring and acquiring shearing force change data of the debris flow at the corresponding positions on the two cross sections, and then obtaining corresponding internal flow velocity of the debris flow by calculating according to the shearing force waveform comparison result at the corresponding positions on the two cross sections. The invention also provides a measurement system and an experimental measurement system for implementing the method. Compared with the prior art, the invention solves the technical difficult problem that the measurement of the internal flow velocity of the debris flow can not be solved all the time in the prior art and also solves the technical difficult problem that a routine measurement instrument can not work in the flowing debris flow. The measurement method is reliable in principle, easy to operate, high in measurement result accuracy, simple in measurement system structure, saves the cost and can be used repeatedly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of debris flow velocity measurement method and realization system thereof, particularly relate to a kind of the utilization and measure two debris flow velocity measurement method and corresponding measuring systems of measuring the debris flow body shearing force realization at place, corresponding measuring position on the section.
Background technology
Rubble flow is a kind of geologic hazard of the common pilosity in Chinese mountain area (especially Southwest China mountain area), have take place suddenly, last of short duration, break with tremendous force, the big silt of favourable opposition, the extremely strong characteristics of destructive power, in case serious region environment destruction and enormous economic loss and casualties take place just often to cause.Therefore mud-stone flow disaster research is that China researcher endeavours one of priority fields of study in decades always.In the research of rubble flow, the rubble flow flow velocity is one of core research contents of mud-rock flow movement mechanics, is the key of research rubble flow rheological properties and movement mechanism.The rubble flow flow velocity is related to the calculating of important engineering design parameters such as rubble flow flow, impulsive force, friction of motion resistance, is the important foundation data of the desired grasp of this area research always.
The rubble flow flow velocity is divided into surface velocity and inner flow velocity, and in present research field, debris flow velocity measurement method also is primarily aimed at surface velocity to carry out, and comprises radar velocity measurement method, floating thing+stopwatch method, image analysis method etc.This be since rubble flow as a kind of heterogeneous fluid, include a large amount of silt stones, opaque, the heterogeneity of rubble flow fluid, impulsive force is big, destructive power requires very high to measuring method and instrument by force, therefore the measurement to inner flow velocity is difficult to realize always, and can satisfy method and system that the rubble flow surface velocity measures and also can not be suitable for even can not be applicable to measurement to rubble flow inside flow velocity fully.For a long time, the problems of measurement of the inner flow velocity of rubble flow is not resolved always, does not see relevant report in the prior art yet.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly at the deficiencies in the prior art, solve that conventional optics and radiowave can't penetrate that debris flow body and conventional flow velocity probe subject to destroy in rubble flow inside and the difficult problem that can't work, a kind of debris flow velocity measurement method and realization system thereof are provided, this method and system can be measured the inner flow velocity of rubble flow, and the measuring method computing is convenient, fast, accuracy is high, and simple in measurement system structure, construction cost are low.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of debris flow velocity measurement method is measured place, corresponding measuring position rubble flow shearing force realization on the section based on measuring two, it is characterized in that adopting following steps to carry out:
S1, rubble flow flow local uniformly along rubble flow flow to arrange two with flow to vertical measurement section A and A ', the distance, delta L between two sections is 0.05～0.3m;
S2, set a measuring position a on the section A measuring, measure set on the section A ' one with section A on the corresponding measuring position a ' of position a; The shearing force change procedure data located of collection position a and a ' respectively when rubble flow flows, and draw the shearing force oscillogram that position a and a ' locate;
S3, determine to shear the Reeb and propagate into the time span Δ t that position a ' locates from position a according to comparing and measuring shearing force oscillogram that position a and a ' locate;
S4, calculate the flow velocity u that debris flow body is located from a to a ' according to formula 1,
U=Δ L/ Δ t formula 1
In the formula: u-debris flow body flow velocity (m/s);
The distance (m) that Δ L-two measures between section is determined by S1;
Δ t-shears the travel-time (s) of Reeb between two measuring positions, is determined by S3.
The principle of the debris flow velocity measurement method that the technical program provides is: on the one hand, when rubble flow flows when stablize the presentation layer stream mode, on the mud-rock flow movement direction through on the section A fluid at a place also can descend section A ' opposite position a ' locate to occur.The foundation that can be used for comparison rubble flow change in flow in the debris flow body flow process so just is provided.On the other hand, fluid since external cause when distortion within it two sides in the arbitrary section of portion interaction force can appear, the component that wherein is tangential on section is called shearing force, has positive correlation between this shearing force and the inner flow velocity.So in the mud-rock flow movement process, the mistiming that different section correspondence position shearing force changes on the rubble flow flow direction that can obtain by test characterizes the mistiming Δ t of debris flow body motion, calculates the size variation of debris flow body flow velocity again in conjunction with the distance, delta L between different section.Particularly, when the mud position of rubble flow and flow velocity all experience when increasing the process that afterwards reduces earlier, shearing force also can experience the process that afterwards reduces that increases earlier, promptly the opposite position a of section A on debris flow body direction of motion and A ' and a ' can record a shearing force process respectively, are called the shearing force oscillogram.The shearing force waveform that position a and a ' are located relatively can obtain the index of debris flow body motion change, and obtains the index of rubble flow flow velocity indirectly.
Based on the principle of above-mentioned measuring method, when comparing, the shearing force waveform can in debris flow body, determine an observation particle, this particle can have identical position on the shearing force oscillogram of measuring section A and A '.Therefore on the basis of determining section A and between A ' distance, delta L, can determine that particle arrives the time span Δ t of section A ' from section A according to oscillogram, can obtain the flow velocity of this particle again according to formula u=Δ L/ Δ t, also be inner this particle of rubble flow moves to section A ' from section A flow velocity.If the section A that test obtains to and the shearing force waveform of A ' have good matching, then above-mentioned relatively particle can directly be selected the unique point on the oscillogram for use, as wave crest point or trough point, in order to the comparison of two waveforms, to determine the mistiming Δ t of waveform phase.If section A that obtains and the shearing force Waveform Matching of A ' are bad, then can determine mistiming Δ t by waveform correlation coefficient.Particularly, during to section A ' propagations, remain unchanged as if waveform from section A when shearing the Reeb, then the waveform of section A will overlap with the waveform of section A ' after t ' period fully along time shaft translation Δ, and promptly the related coefficient of the two is 1.0.In the actual measurement, because the existence of measuring error, the related coefficient of the two is difficult to reach 1.0, but when the waveform of section A along time shaft translation Δ t ' time, the waveform correlation coefficient of two sections can be near 1.0.So on related coefficient-time interval curve, related coefficient is travel-time Δ t at interval near 1.0 some time corresponding.
Above-mentioned measuring method when implementing for the flow velocity that guarantees to measure as far as possible near the instantaneous velocity of measuring position, flow steady presentation layer stream mode sentences except needs are arranged on rubble flow with the measurement section, what set two measures between section A and the A ' and also must have a less distance.Described Δ L is advisable with 0.05～0.3m, and optimum condition is 0.1～0.2m.Δ L selects higher value when flow velocity is big, when flow velocity is selected smaller value than hour Δ L.
For realizing above-mentioned measuring method, the invention provides a kind of debris flow velocity measurement system, its technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of debris flow velocity measurement system, comprise data collector and the data processing equipment that is connected the data collector back, it is characterized in that: connect the shearing force measurement mechanism in data collector the place ahead, described shearing force measurement mechanism is made of shear force sensor and necessary fixed support; Described shear force sensor flows to mounted in pairs along rubble flow and flows on the vertical measurement section with rubble flow at two, and specifically is installed in place, corresponding measuring position on the two measurement sections; Two section spacings are 0.05～0.3m from Δ L; The shear force sensor that is positioned at corresponding measuring position on the different section constitutes a sensor groups, and the shearing force measurement mechanism comprises at least one sensor groups; Described data collector is used for the shearing force data that collecting scissors shear force sensor sensing arrives; Described data processing equipment is used to receive the data that collect and processes and calculate.
On the said system basis, for can be in the laboratory complete simulation rubble flow generating process and test flow velocity, the present invention also provides a kind of breadboard debris flow velocity measurement system that is applicable to, its technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of rubble flow flow velocity experiment measuring system, comprise rubble flow experimental tank and shearing force measurement mechanism and the data collector and the data processing equipment that are connected successively with the shearing force measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that: be furnished with two measurement sections perpendicular to the rubble flow experimental tank base plate and the rubble flow flow direction in the described rubble flow experimental tank, two section spacings are 0.05～0.3m from Δ L; The corresponding measuring position that equates with experimental tank base plate vertical range on two sections is separately installed with shear force sensor; The shear force sensor that lays respectively at corresponding measuring position on two sections constitutes a sensor groups, and the shearing force measurement mechanism comprises at least one sensor groups.
Above-mentioned experiment measuring system places rubble flow experimental tank sidewall with shear force sensor, can directly touch the movable information that debris flow body inside obtains rubble flow fluid inside, thereby obtain the data that rubble flow internal shear power changes, characterize out the inner flow speed data of rubble flow with this.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: utilize to be located at two shearing forces variations of measuring in the shear force sensor test mud-rock flow movement process that corresponding measuring position is located on the section, the mistiming between changing according to the shearing force of testing and the distance calculation of two sections obtain the rubble flow flow velocity, can't penetrate debris flow body and conventional flow velocity probe and are easy to suffer debris flow body to impact in rubble flow inside and destroy the difficult problem that can't work thereby solved conventional optics and radiowave; The technical program has also solved the technical barrier of the inner flow velocity of the unsolved always measurement debris flow body of prior art on the other hand.This measuring method and reality system equipment and materials thereof are simple, be convenient to install and use, and sensor are difficult for can being reused economy by rubble flow destruction; Measurement computation process is easy, and result of calculation is reliable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a debris flow velocity measurement system and device synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is experimental tank and measures section A and A ' layout synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is an experimental tank sidewall shear force sensor mounting structure synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the shearing force signal graph that measuring position a and a ' locate among the embodiment one.
Fig. 5 is that measuring position a and a ' locate shearing force oscillogram behind the noise reduction among the embodiment one.
Fig. 6 is the shearing force signal graph that measuring position a and a ' locate among the embodiment two.
Fig. 7 is that measuring position a and a ' locate shearing force oscillogram behind the noise reduction among the embodiment two.
Fig. 8 is the waveform correlation coefficient figure of different intervals correspondence among the embodiment two.
Number in the figure is as follows:
1 shearing force measurement mechanism, 3 data processing equipments
11 shear force sensors, 4 experimental tanks
2 data collectors, 41 sensor stands
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment one
Shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4,5.Carry out the rubble flow laboratory experiment in the test Room, rubble flow observational study station, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dongchuan on August 3rd, 2009 and measure the inner flow velocity of rubble flow.
(1) experimental system is installed
Experimental system comprises experimental tank 4 and the corresponding measuring system of simulating debris flow gully.Measuring system comprises shearing force measurement mechanism 1, and the data acquisition unit that is connected successively with shearing force measurement mechanism 1 and be used for the computing machine of data processing.
The wide 30cm of experimental tank 4 long 6m, the transversal section is a rectangle; Experimental tank 4 base plates are steel plate, and sidewall is a glass.Apart from experimental tank afterbody 1.7m and 1.5m place a sensor stand 41 is installed respectively at the experimental tank right side wall, 4 corresponding measuring position a and a ' are set, b and b ', c and c ' on every support, d and d ' are respectively at distance experimental tank base plate 1cm, 3cm, 5cm and 7cm place.1 shear force sensor 11 is installed, shown in Fig. 2,3 on each measuring position.Two shear force sensors 11 at every pair of opposite position place constitute a sensor groups.
Sensor is connected with data acquisition unit, and each sensor connects a port of data acquisition unit, and collector is gathered the shearing force signal of each sensor sensing simultaneously, and is real-time transmitted to computing machine and stores and process processing.
It is the strain-type shear force sensor that sensor type is selected in experiment for use, is produced by Mianyang Qishiyuan Science ﹠ Technology Co., Ltd..Data acquisition unit is produced by Chengdu VIDTS Dynamic Instrument Co., Ltd..
The maximum particle diameter of testing used debris flow body is 2cm, and density is 2.0t/m
3
(2) the inner fluid-velocity survey of rubble flow
The experiment of locating the sensor of (apart from experimental tank base plate 1cm) with measuring position a and a ' in the present embodiment is the measuring process of the inner flow velocity of example explanation rubble flow.The inner fluid-velocity survey of rubble flow carries out according to following steps:
S1, layout are measured section A and A ' and measuring position a and a '
Early stage, preliminary experiment proved, the wide 30cm of experimental tank 4 long 6m, two in the experimental tank 4 measure section and be arranged in apart from experimental tank afterbody 1.7m and 1.5m place, and flow through section A and A ' of rubble flow is mobile steady when locating.Have this moment, and two section spacings are from Δ L=0.2m.Shear force sensor that last measuring position a of unlatching section A and A ' and a ' locate and relevant device are to duty.
S2, collection measuring position a and a ' locate the shearing force data, and processing is handled
The shearing force change procedure data that S21, collection measuring position a and a ' locate.
When rubble flow flowed, data acquisition unit is the shearing force change procedure data of the sensor sensing located of collection position a and a ' respectively, and the result as shown in Figure 4.
S22, the data-signal that S21 is gathered are done noise reduction process, and draw the shearing force oscillogram that position a and a ' locate, as shown in Figure 5.
S3, determine waveform character point moment corresponding
Noise reduction is after find that relatively the shearing force Waveform Matching of two measuring positions is good, and therefore directly choosing wave crest point is waveform unique point relatively.The crest at a place, position is corresponding to be 3.3565s constantly, and the crest of position a ' is corresponding to be 3.8915s constantly.
S4, determine Δ t
Travel-time Δ t is that position a and a ' locate the poor of the corresponding moment of shearing force waveform character point, i.e. Δ t=3.8915s-3.3565s=0.535s.
S5, determine inner flow velocity u
According to formula 1 experiment with computing groove right side apart from the debris flow body of experimental tank base plate 1cm height flow velocity u=0.374m/s in section A and A ' section.
Embodiment two
Shown in Fig. 6,7,8.Carry out the rubble flow laboratory experiment in the test Room, rubble flow observational study station, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dongchuan on August 3rd, 2009 and measure the inner flow velocity of rubble flow.Its (1), (2) part in embodiment one in something in common no longer repeat, its difference is specially:
(2) the inner fluid-velocity survey of rubble flow
The inner fluid-velocity survey of rubble flow carries out according to following steps:
S1, layout are measured section A and A ' and measuring position a and a '
With S1 operation among the embodiment one.
The shearing force data that S2, collection measuring position a and a ' locate, and processing is handled
The shearing force change procedure data that S21, collection measuring position a and a ' locate.
When rubble flow flowed, data acquisition unit is the shearing force change procedure data obtained of the sensor located of collection position a and a ' respectively, and the result as shown in Figure 6.
S22, the data-signal that S21 is gathered are done noise reduction process, and draw position a and a ' locates the shearing force oscillogram, as shown in Figure 7.
The related coefficient of S3, calculating different intervals two measuring position waveforms
Two crests are arranged in the shearing force waveform of position a, have only a crest in the waveform of position a ', Waveform Matching is relatively poor, so utilize the travel-time between definite Reeb a of putting on the throne of shearing of related coefficient and a '.
With the shearing force waveform of position a along time shaft to right translation, (travel-time of shearing force between two transversal section is shorter in this experiment at set intervals, so institute is shorter the interval time of getting, and is 0.0005s) calculate the related coefficient of the waveform of waveform after the position a translation and position a '.Obtain the related coefficient curve under the different intervals Δ t thus, as shown in Figure 8.
S4, determine Δ t
Time corresponding interval 1.2635s when obtaining related coefficient maximum (0.982) according to S3, this value is promptly sheared the travel-time Δ t of Reeb between two measuring positions.
S5, determine inner flow velocity u
The debris flow body of highly locating apart from experimental tank base plate 1cm according to formula 1 experiment with computing groove right side is at the flow velocity u=0.158m/s of section A and A ' section.
Claims (8)
1. a debris flow velocity measurement method is realized based on opposite position place rubble flow shearing force on two sections of measurement, it is characterized in that adopting following steps to carry out:
S1, rubble flow flow local uniformly along rubble flow flow to arrange two with flow to vertical measurement section A and A ', the distance, delta L between two sections is 0.05～0.3m;
S2, set a measuring position a on the section A measuring, measure set on the section A ' one with section A on the corresponding measuring position a ' of position a; The shearing force change procedure data located of collection position a and a ' respectively when rubble flow flows, and draw the shearing force oscillogram that position a and a ' locate;
S3, determine to shear the Reeb and propagate into the time span Δ t that position a ' locates from position a according to comparing and measuring shearing force oscillogram that position a and a ' locate;
S4, calculate the flow velocity u that debris flow body is located from a to a ' according to formula 1,
U=Δ L/ Δ t formula 1
In the formula: u-debris flow body flow velocity (m/s);
The distance (m) that Δ L-two measures between section is determined by S1;
Δ t-shears the travel-time (s) of Reeb between two measuring positions, is determined by S3.
2. measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described S3 adopts following steps to carry out: find a unique point on the shearing force oscillogram that measuring position a and a ' locate, be wave crest point or trough point, determine to shear the Reeb travel-time of putting a and between a ' on the throne according to the site of unique point on the two shearing force oscillograms relatively.
3. measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described S3 adopts following steps to carry out: set the different time intervals, calculating measuring position a and a ' locate to shear the related coefficient between the Reeb, and the time interval when related coefficient is maximum is shears the travel-time of Reeb between two measuring positions.
4. debris flow velocity measurement system comprises data collector (2) and is connected the data processing equipment (3) of data collector (2) back, it is characterized in that:
Connect shearing force measurement mechanism (1) in data collector (2) the place ahead, described shearing force measurement mechanism (1) is made of shear force sensor (11) and necessary fixed support;
Described shear force sensor (11) flows to mounted in pairs along rubble flow and flows on the vertical measurement section with rubble flow at two, and specifically is installed in place, corresponding measuring position on the two measurement sections; Two section spacings are 0.05～0.3m from Δ L; The shear force sensor (11) that is positioned at corresponding measuring position on the different section constitutes a sensor groups, and shearing force measurement mechanism (1) comprises at least one sensor groups;
Described data collector (2) is used to gather the shearing force data that shear force sensor (11) is sensed; Described data processing equipment (3) is used to receive the data that collect and processes and calculate.
5. rubble flow flow velocity experiment measuring system, comprise rubble flow experimental tank (4) and shearing force measurement mechanism (1), and the data collector (2) and the data processing equipment (3) that are connected successively with shearing force measurement mechanism (1), it is characterized in that: be furnished with two measurement sections perpendicular to rubble flow experimental tank (4) base plate and the rubble flow flow direction in the described rubble flow experimental tank (4), two section spacings are 0.05～0.3m from Δ L; The corresponding measuring position that equates with experimental tank (41) base plate vertical range on two sections is separately installed with shear force sensor (11); The shear force sensor (11) that lays respectively at corresponding measuring position on two sections constitutes a sensor groups, and shearing force measurement mechanism (1) comprises at least one sensor groups.
6. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 described measuring method or measuring systems, it is characterized in that described Δ L is 0.1～0.2m.
7. experimental provision according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described rubble flow experimental tank (4) long 5.5～6.5m, wide 20～40cm, and base plate is a steel plate, sidewall is a glass; Be fixed with a rectangular sensor support (41) respectively apart from experimental tank (4) afterbody 1.5m and 1.7m place on the sidewall of one side, the long limit of sensor stand is vertical with experimental tank (4) base plate, and the sensor stand plane flows to parallel with rubble flow; On every support (41), be furnished with corresponding measuring position, shear force sensor (11) is installed on the measuring position.
8. according to claim 4 or 5 or 7 described measuring systems, it is characterized in that: described shear force sensor (11) is the strain-type shear force sensor.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102288778A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-12-21 | 西南交通大学 | Method for measuring surface speed of debris flow in real time based on grid object tracking |
| CN105004508A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-28 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Mud-rock flow along-the-way evolution test measurement system and parameter measuring method thereof |
| CN109540462A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-29 | 中国科学院.水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of experimental provision and its experimental method for simulating mud-rock flow movement |
| CN109613296A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-04-12 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of debris flow velocity measurement device based on carrier phase difference technology |
| CN110441547A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-12 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of flow rate of water flow measurement method |
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2009
- 2009-11-11 CN CN2009102161952A patent/CN101718798B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102288778A (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2011-12-21 | 西南交通大学 | Method for measuring surface speed of debris flow in real time based on grid object tracking |
| CN102288778B (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-12-19 | 西南交通大学 | Method for measuring surface speed of debris flow in real time based on grid object tracking |
| CN105004508A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-28 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Mud-rock flow along-the-way evolution test measurement system and parameter measuring method thereof |
| CN105004508B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-08-25 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Mud-rock flow is along journey evolution parameter measuring method |
| CN109540462A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-29 | 中国科学院.水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | A kind of experimental provision and its experimental method for simulating mud-rock flow movement |
| CN109613296A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-04-12 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of debris flow velocity measurement device based on carrier phase difference technology |
| CN110441547A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-12 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of flow rate of water flow measurement method |
| CN110441547B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-11-05 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Water flow velocity measuring method |
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