CN101718485B - Method for drying or concentrating at near freezing temperature and device thereof - Google Patents
Method for drying or concentrating at near freezing temperature and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101718485B CN101718485B CN 200910310337 CN200910310337A CN101718485B CN 101718485 B CN101718485 B CN 101718485B CN 200910310337 CN200910310337 CN 200910310337 CN 200910310337 A CN200910310337 A CN 200910310337A CN 101718485 B CN101718485 B CN 101718485B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for drying or concentrating at near freezing temperature and a device thereof, aiming at providing a method for removing liquid from material at near freezing temperature, which can keep cells of the materials from being damaged and retain original taste and nutritional ingredients or effective ingredients of the materials, and a device applied in the method. The method comprises the following steps: cooling the materials containing liquid to the range from below 0 DEG C to freezing points of the materials (excluding the freezing points), and evaporating the liquid in the materials in vacuum state to obtain the product. The invention combines the maintenance of the drying or concentrating temperature in the range from below 0 DEG C to freezing points of the materials and the condition of vacuum to realize original state drying or concentrating of the materials, thus retaining mouth feel and taste, and nutritional ingredients or effective ingredients of the materials at utmost, and ensuring the quality of the product at utmost. The change of color and taste of the food is slight, and the freshness is very good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drying or concentrated method and apparatus, in particular, relate to dry or concentrated method and the equipment thereof of a kind of nearly solidification point.
Background technology
In the production process of every field, usually need to remove all or part of water or other solvents (namely dry or concentrated) in the material, obtain desciccate or enriched product.At present, employed method mainly is the several different methods such as hot-air seasoning, spray drying process, film drying method and freeze-drying.
Number of patent application is 2006101124577, denomination of invention is for disclosing a kind of ultrasonic method of assisting the distillation of finishing solid to reach the freeze drying purpose that adopts in the patent application of " supersonic freeze drying method and equipment thereof ", although the method is compared with other freeze-drying methods and has been obtained certain technological progress, but because bumping occurs in material easily in follow-up decompression process, cause subsiding, affect stripping and the outward appearance of final products, require freezing temperature to be lower than at least 40 ℃ at the freezing point of material.After freezing under the so low temperature, resupply heat energy and carry out drying, the be dried histocyte of thing of destructible affects the quality of end product, particularly for food or medicine field, cause food in the decline of dried local flavor and mouthfeel, the loss of nutriment is also more serious.Drying for medicinal materials such as picture ginsengs then causes scattering and disappearing of part active ingredient, has reduced drug effect.
All there is the shortcoming of each side in existing drying device, and device structure is complicated, and operating process is complicated, and some can cause damage to the composition of dried material, makes the nutrient loss of material etc.And, adopt the employed equipment of method that vacuumizes, there is not water vapour to catch design, the water vapour of extraction directly is discharged in the air, and contaminated environment simultaneously, needs to use powerful vavuum pump easily, and power consumption is large.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to overcome weak point of the prior art, to provide a kind of cell of material that keeps not to be destroyed, keeping the original flavor of material and the dry or concentrated method of nearly solidification point of nutritional labeling or active ingredient.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of steam capturing function that has, and can reduce the power of vavuum pump, is conducive to energy-conservation, simultaneously, can avoid the dried material composition to cause damage, the dry or concentrated employed equipment of method of nearly solidification point simple in structure, easy to use.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind ofly it is characterized in that in the dry or concentrated method of nearly solidification point that the material that will contain liquid cools to subzero to the chill point of material separately but do not contain in the scope of chill point, makes the liquid evaporation in the material under vacuum state, obtains product.For the dry of water or concentrated, the vacuum state pressure limit of the drying box of controlling is 0.130Kpa～0.611Kpa, and corresponding evaporation of water temperature is-20 ℃～0 ℃.
Dry or the concentrated employed equipment of method of a kind of nearly solidification point, it is characterized in that, comprise vavuum pump, the steam grabber, the airtight material drying box of band door, deviate from the liquid evaporimeter, condenser, compressor, be provided with the liquid evaporimeter in the described material drying box, describedly deviate from liquid and be connected with the refrigerant inlet of compressor with the refrigerant outlet of evaporimeter, the refrigerant outlet of described compressor is connected with the refrigerant inlet of described condenser, the refrigerant outlet of described condenser by the first throttle valve with deviate from the refrigerant inlet of liquid with evaporimeter and be connected, be provided with vacuum orifice on the described material drying box, described vacuum orifice is connected with vavuum pump by described steam grabber, and described vacuum orifice place is provided with vacuum meter.
Described steam grabber comprises the grabber shell, described enclosure is provided with catches the steam evaporimeter, be respectively arranged with steam inlet on the described grabber shell, steam (vapor) outlet, with the refrigerant inlet of catching steam and being communicated with evaporimeter, with the refrigerant outlet of catching steam and being communicated with evaporimeter, described steam inlet is connected with the vacuum orifice of described material drying box, described steam (vapor) outlet is connected with described vavuum pump, described with catch steam and be connected with the refrigerant outlet of described condenser by the second choke valve with the refrigerant inlet that evaporimeter is communicated with, described with catch the refrigerant outlet of steam with the evaporimeter connection and be connected with the refrigerant inlet of described compressor.
Between vavuum pump and steam grabber, be provided with liquid collection tank, described steam (vapor) outlet is positioned at the bottom of shell, the liquid-inlet of described liquid collection tank is connected with the steam (vapor) outlet of described steam grabber, the gas vent of described liquid collection tank is connected with vavuum pump, the upper end of described liquid collection tank is provided with vent valve, and the lower end of described liquid collection tank is provided with drain valve.
Between described first throttle valve and described condenser, be provided with the first motor-driven valve, between described the second choke valve and described condenser, be provided with the second motor-driven valve, in material drying box, be provided with temperature sensor and pressure sensor, described vavuum pump, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, compressor, the first motor-driven valve, the second motor-driven valve are connected with the drying control device respectively, and described drying control device is connected with display screen.
The present invention has following technique effect:
1, method of the present invention maintains subzero to the chill point scope of each material with dry, thickening temperature, can not destroy the cell of material, can well keep the original flavor of material.And under cryogenic conditions, it is very good that freshness is preserved, and material is considerably less in dry or concentrated rear change color.Simultaneously, since little in nearly solidification point dried material internal and external temperature gradient, by the reverse osmosis effect water or other liquid as solvent are shifted out alone, can overcome solute and scatter and disappear, nutritional labeling or active ingredient are scattered and disappeared few, are conducive to ensure the quality of product.For medicine field, can keep the active ingredient in the medicinal material especially, ensure drug effect.
2, some bacteriums that swim in the air, itself also carries the part bacterium material that is dried, and method of the present invention is carried out under vacuum state, and some is dead or lack cordiality because of anoxic for airborne bacterium, hothouse to material is highly profitable, and can reach the effect of sterilization.
3, the vacuum in the method for the present invention control drying box so that in the dried material and the pressure reduction between the surface larger, under the effect of barometric gradient, moisture is shifted to the surface very soon, the surface sclerosis can not occur.
4, equipment of the present invention is with efficient steam grabber, makes the steam of extracting out in the drying box condense into water or frost at the steam grabber, can greatly reduce like this power of vavuum pump, is conducive to energy-conservation.Simultaneously, can avoid the steam pollution on the environment.
5, the refrigeration system in the present device can satisfy simultaneously and keep dry the temperature inside the box, required cold is provided can for again the steam grabber, and is simple in structure, easy to use.
6, equipment of the present invention is the combining structure of material drying box, pumped vacuum systems, refrigeration system, can avoid the dried material composition to cause damage.
In sum, the present invention by drying or thickening temperature are maintained subzero to the chill point scope of each material and with the cooperating of vacuum condition, the ecosystem that realizes material is dry or concentrated, taste flavor and nutritional labeling or the active ingredient that can keep to greatest extent material have ensured the quality of product to greatest extent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the dry or concentrated employed equipment of method of the nearly solidification point of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments to the detailed description of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the dry or concentrated employed equipment of method of the nearly solidification point of the present invention, comprise vavuum pump 1, steam grabber 5, band door airtight material drying box 12, deviate from liquid with evaporimeter 7, condenser 10, compressor 11, be provided with liquid evaporimeter 7 in the material drying box 12, deviate from liquid and can be provided with according to the needs of drying many groups with evaporimeter, lay respectively at top and the bottom of material drying box.Describedly deviate from liquid and be connected with the refrigerant inlet of compressor 11 with the refrigerant outlet of evaporimeter 7, the refrigerant outlet of compressor 11 is connected with the refrigerant inlet of condenser 10, the refrigerant outlet of condenser 10 by first throttle valve 8 with deviate from the refrigerant inlet of liquid with evaporimeter 7 and be connected, be provided with vacuum orifice 15 on the material drying box 12, vacuum orifice 15 is connected with vavuum pump 1 by steam grabber 5, and the place is provided with vacuum meter 6 at the material drying box vacuum orifice.
Described steam grabber can adopt the various structures form, and purpose is that the steam-condensation that will vacuumize out becomes liquid.Steam grabber in the present embodiment comprises grabber shell 14, shell 14 inside are provided with catches steam evaporimeter 13, be respectively arranged with steam inlet on the grabber shell 14, steam (vapor) outlet, with the refrigerant inlet of catching steam and being communicated with evaporimeter, with the refrigerant outlet of catching steam and being communicated with evaporimeter, wherein, steam inlet is connected with the vacuum orifice 15 of material drying box, steam (vapor) outlet is connected with vavuum pump 1, with catch steam and be connected with the refrigerant outlet of condenser 10 by the second choke valve 16 with the refrigerant inlet that evaporimeter is communicated with, and catch the refrigerant outlet of steam with the evaporimeter connection and be connected with the refrigerant inlet of 11 compressors.
The liquid that melts in order to collect the steam grabber, between vavuum pump 1 and steam grabber 5, be provided with liquid collection tank 2, described steam (vapor) outlet is positioned at the bottom of shell, the liquid-inlet of liquid collection tank 2 is connected with the steam (vapor) outlet of steam grabber 5, the gas vent of liquid collection tank 2 is connected with vavuum pump 1, the upper end of liquid collection tank is provided with vent valve 4, and the lower end of liquid collection tank is provided with drain valve 3.The steam of being extracted out by vavuum pump enters in the steam grabber, and the steam that is hunted down becomes water or frost with evaporator condensation.Condensed water enters in the liquid collection tank along steam (vapor) outlet.
For the ease of automatic control, between first throttle valve 8 and condenser 10, be provided with the first motor-driven valve 9, between the second choke valve 16 and condenser 10, be provided with the second motor-driven valve 17, in material drying box, be provided with temperature sensor and pressure sensor, vavuum pump 1, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, compressor 11, the first motor-driven valve 9, the second motor-driven valve 17 are connected with the drying control device respectively, described drying control device is connected with display screen, and display screen can adopt touch-screen.Realize automatic drying by the control of drying control device, the drying control device can use the PC Programmable Logic Controller, the inside PLC automatic control system, according to program, pressure sensor and next pressure signal and the temperature signal of temperature sensor transmission are analyzed, thereby the operation of control compressor and vavuum pump realizes automatically control.Various number averages are presented on the touch-screen simultaneously, and can regulate parameters easily by touch-screen, such as material temperature, hothouse temperature, system vacuum degree, drying time and supply voltage etc., can realize manually and automatically control.In this process, refrigeration system has two effects, and one is cooling and keeps temperature in the material drying box, and another is cold-producing medium to be sent in the water vapour grabber evaporate, and makes water recovery become water or frost.
Of the present invention is that the material that will contain liquid cools to subzero to the chill point of material separately but do not contain in the scope of chill point in the dry or concentrated method of nearly solidification point, makes the liquid evaporation in the material under vacuum state, obtains product.
By freezing process its solidification point is measured first before drying for different material, determined its freezing point, thereby provide foundation for selecting suitable baking temperature.Owing to have the temperature difference between dry the temperature inside the box and the dried material, be determined by experiment its temperature difference, so just can determine the design temperature of drying box, and by corresponding water or the evaporating pressure of other liquid under this temperature of this baking temperature of inquiry, for determining that drying pressure provides foundation.
For the dry of water or concentrated, the vacuum state pressure limit of the drying box of controlling is 0.130Kpa～0.611Kpa, and corresponding evaporation of water temperature is-20 ℃～0 ℃.
Dry or the concentrated employed equipment of method of nearly solidification point of the present invention can adopt the equipment of said structure, also can adopt the equipment of other structures to realize.
Below to use equipment shown in Figure 1 and method of the present invention to be described as example with the drying of ginseng.
Embodiment
By freezing process the solidification point of ginseng is measured, determined that its freezing point is-3.1 ℃.Setting baking temperature is-2 ℃, and the temperature of the drying box that vacuum is controlled and the temperature difference that is dried between the ginseng are 5 ℃, and the evaporating temperature of then determining is-7 ℃, is 0.362Kpa by inquiry water at the evaporating pressure of this temperature.
Ginseng is put into material drying box, fasten the chamber door of material drying box, the refrigeration system that starts compressor, condenser, deviates from liquid evaporimeter, first throttle valve, composition.Deviating from liquid cools off ginseng with the heat that evaporimeter absorbs material drying box and ginseng.When being cooled to-7 ℃, keep such temperature, start simultaneously vavuum pump material drying box inside is vacuumized, the pressure in material drying box is reduced to 0.362Kpa, when arriving the pressure that moisture can evaporate, moisture start vaporizer in the ginseng, vavuum pump is constantly extracted the water vapour that is evaporated out, and the water vapour of extraction condenses into frost through the steam grabber, keep baking temperature and the pressure of setting, until finish the drying of ginseng so always.After drying is finished, again the water vapour grabber is carried out defrost, the water of defrost enters in the liquid collection tank, discharges by drain valve.
Dried ginseng takes out from material drying box, compares with the ginseng that adopts other drying means dryings, and its moisture content is minimum to be about 10.7%, and the moisture content of the ginseng of common drying is on average about 13%.Detect the aberration of various ginsengs with colour difference meter, the result shows that the ginseng color of nearly solidification point drying does not change substantially, again the contained essential amino acid of ginseng is detected, the result shows that the ginseng essential amino acid total content of nearly solidification point drying is 26.32mg/100g, and the essential amino acid total content of high temperature drying only is 0.76mg/100g, the saponin total content of the ginseng of nearly solidification point drying is 969.5mg/100g, and the saponin total content of the ginseng of high temperature drying is 201.0mg/100g.
The nearly solidification point of unclassified stores specific implementation method dry, that concentrate is identical with the drying means of ginseng.
First its solidification point is measured before drying for different dried materials, determined its freezing point, selected suitable baking temperature is inquired about corresponding drying pressure.After being ready to, material is put into material drying box, fasten chamber door, start refrigeration system, material in the drying box is cooled off, when chilling temperature reaches the baking temperature of setting, keep such temperature, start simultaneously pumped vacuum systems, drying box is vacuumized, when the case internal pressure constantly reduces, when arriving the pressure that moisture can evaporate, moisture start vaporizer in the material, vavuum pump is constantly extracted the water vapour that is evaporated out, and the water vapour of extraction condenses into frost through the steam grabber, keep baking temperature and the pressure of setting, until finish the drying of material so always.After drying is finished, again the steam grabber is carried out defrost, the water of defrost enters in the liquid collection tank, discharges by drain valve.
Method of the present invention is not to heating material, and temperature remains on nearly solidification point, utilizes the interior moisture evaporation with food of vacuum principle short time, makes its taste stronger, and the color of food and the variation of taste are very little, and freshness is very good.
Claims (4)
1. employed equipment of method that nearly solidification point is dry or concentrated, the material that the method will contain liquid cools to subzero to the chill point of material separately but does not contain in the scope of chill point, under vacuum state, make the liquid evaporation in the material, obtain product; It is characterized in that, this equipment comprises vavuum pump, the steam grabber, the airtight material drying box of band door, deviate from the liquid evaporimeter, condenser, compressor, be provided with the liquid evaporimeter in the described material drying box, describedly deviate from liquid and be connected with the refrigerant inlet of compressor with the refrigerant outlet of evaporimeter, the refrigerant outlet of described compressor is connected with the refrigerant inlet of described condenser, the refrigerant outlet of described condenser by the first throttle valve with deviate from the refrigerant inlet of liquid with evaporimeter and be connected, be provided with vacuum orifice on the described material drying box, described vacuum orifice is connected with vavuum pump by described steam grabber, and described vacuum orifice place is provided with vacuum meter.
2. the dry or concentrated employed equipment of method of nearly solidification point according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described steam grabber comprises the grabber shell, described enclosure is provided with catches the steam evaporimeter, be respectively arranged with steam inlet on the described grabber shell, steam (vapor) outlet, with the refrigerant inlet of catching steam and being communicated with evaporimeter, with the refrigerant outlet of catching steam and being communicated with evaporimeter, described steam inlet is connected with the vacuum orifice of described material drying box, described steam (vapor) outlet is connected with described vavuum pump, described with catch steam and be connected with the refrigerant outlet of described condenser by the second choke valve with the refrigerant inlet that evaporimeter is communicated with, described with catch the refrigerant outlet of steam with the evaporimeter connection and be connected with the refrigerant inlet of described compressor.
3. the dry or concentrated employed equipment of method of nearly solidification point according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, between vavuum pump and steam grabber, be provided with liquid collection tank, described steam (vapor) outlet is positioned at the bottom of shell, the liquid-inlet of described liquid collection tank is connected with the steam (vapor) outlet of described steam grabber, the gas vent of described liquid collection tank is connected with vavuum pump, and the upper end of described liquid collection tank is provided with vent valve, and the lower end of described liquid collection tank is provided with drain valve.
4. the dry or concentrated employed equipment of method of nearly solidification point according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, between described first throttle valve and described condenser, be provided with the first motor-driven valve, between described the second choke valve and described condenser, be provided with the second motor-driven valve, in material drying box, be provided with temperature sensor and pressure sensor, described vavuum pump, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, compressor, the first motor-driven valve, the second motor-driven valve are connected with the drying control device respectively, and described drying control device is connected with display screen.
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| CN 200910310337 CN101718485B (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | Method for drying or concentrating at near freezing temperature and device thereof |
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| CN 200910310337 CN101718485B (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | Method for drying or concentrating at near freezing temperature and device thereof |
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| CN101718485B true CN101718485B (en) | 2013-02-06 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109059429A (en) * | 2018-09-15 | 2018-12-21 | 乔燕春 | A kind of semiconductor temperature-control micro vacuum freeze drier |
| CN111773760A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-16 | 应急管理部化学品登记中心 | Vacuum freeze-drying type solid-liquid separation method |
| CN111773759A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-16 | 应急管理部化学品登记中心 | Vacuum freeze-drying type solid-liquid separation device |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6684524B1 (en) * | 1999-08-02 | 2004-02-03 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Lyopohilization method |
| CN1547969A (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2004-11-24 | 杨庆丰 | Sublimation dewatering method and apparatus for fruit, vegetable, tea, medicine material and flower |
| CN1987314A (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2007-06-27 | 景建军 | Integrated machine for vacuum freezing and drying |
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2009
- 2009-11-25 CN CN 200910310337 patent/CN101718485B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6684524B1 (en) * | 1999-08-02 | 2004-02-03 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Lyopohilization method |
| CN1547969A (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2004-11-24 | 杨庆丰 | Sublimation dewatering method and apparatus for fruit, vegetable, tea, medicine material and flower |
| CN1987314A (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2007-06-27 | 景建军 | Integrated machine for vacuum freezing and drying |
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Effective date of registration: 20151012 Address after: 300000 Tianjin city Wuqing District Road No. 4 Chen Zui town prosperity Patentee after: Tianjin Yatong Refrigeration Condition Equipment Co., Ltd. Address before: Tianjin highway 300134 East Tianjin District of Beichen City Patentee before: Tianjin University Of Commerce |
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Address after: 300000 Tianjin city Wuqing District Road No. 4 Chen Zui town prosperity Patentee after: Tianjin Yatong refrigerating equipment Limited by Share Ltd Address before: 300000 Tianjin city Wuqing District Road No. 4 Chen Zui town prosperity Patentee before: Tianjin Yatong Refrigeration Condition Equipment Co., Ltd. |