CN101714845B - Drive circuit of brushless DC motor - Google Patents
Drive circuit of brushless DC motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101714845B CN101714845B CN2009103117800A CN200910311780A CN101714845B CN 101714845 B CN101714845 B CN 101714845B CN 2009103117800 A CN2009103117800 A CN 2009103117800A CN 200910311780 A CN200910311780 A CN 200910311780A CN 101714845 B CN101714845 B CN 101714845B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a drive circuit of a brushless direct current motor, which can effectively reduce the switching loss of a switching tube and has longer service life, and the drive circuit comprises: the brushless direct current motor comprises a singlechip and three groups of power circuits which are respectively connected with two ends of three groups of motor coils in the brushless direct current motor; the single chip microcomputer controls the duty ratio of PWM signals output by the PWM signal generating circuit in each power supply circuit according to DC sampling signals and voltage dividing sampling signals measured by the DC sampling and voltage dividing sampling circuits in each power supply circuit so as to adjust the current and the voltage in the secondary circuit of the transformer in each power supply circuit; and meanwhile, the singlechip respectively controls the three AND gate control output ends to output corresponding levels according to Hall signals from the Hall sensors so as to respectively control the oscillation states of the LC resonance circuits in the power supply circuits, so that the three groups of power supply circuits generate a three-phase power supply suitable for driving a three-phase DC brushless motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drive circuit of brshless DC motor.
Background technology
The driver of three-phase direct-current brushless motor comprises power supply unit and control part, and power supply unit provides three phase mains to motor, and control part is the supply frequency of conversion input on demand then.
The direct voltage of power supply unit changes into 3 phase voltages by converter and comes drive motors.Converter is generally by 6 power transistors (Q1～Q6) be divided into upper arm (Q1, Q3, Q5)/underarm (Q2, Q4, Q6) connection motor as the switch of control flows through motor coil.Control part then provides the opportunity of PWM (pulse width modulation) decision power transistor switch frequency and converter commutation.Dc brushless motor in use, speed can be stable at set point when load change, motor internal be equipped with can induced field Hall element, as the loop circuit control of speed, simultaneously also as the foundation of phase sequence control.
When rotor turn to Hall element induce another the group signal position the time, control part is opened next group power transistor again again, so circulation motor just can same direction be rotated further, want rotor to stop up to the control part decision, then close power transistor (or only opening the underarm power transistor); Want rotor reverse, then the power transistor opening sequence is opposite.When motor rotates, the speed that the speed control order that control part can be again set according to driver and Hall element signal change is compared (or by software computing) and is decided by next again and organize switch conduction, and ON time length.Speed is then opened length inadequately, and speed is excessive then to shorten, and this partially-working is just finished by PWM.
Above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part is: described power transistor is that the break-make of VMOS switching tube is directly controlled by the PWM square wave of controller output, thereby make the VMOS switching tube when opening or closing cut-in voltage or to close voltage often higher, cause switching loss and make the switching tube heating serious, not only wasted electric energy, and can influence its switching characteristic and useful life, and then influence the useful life of whole drive circuit.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of switching loss that can effectively reduce switching tube, the useful life drive circuit of long brshless DC motor.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the drive circuit of brshless DC motor of the present invention comprises: single-chip microcomputer IC4 is used for respectively the power circuit that links to each other with the two ends of three groups of motor coils of brshless DC motor with three groups; Each power circuit comprises: by DC power supply 1, the pulse transforming circuit 2 that switching tube VMOS and transformer T constitute, primary coil by transformer T reaches the LC resonant tank that the resonant capacitance C3 in parallel with it constitutes, be used for when the resonance of LC resonant tank, controlling the synchronization control circuit 5 that described switching tube VMOS same frequency opens and closes, be located at rectification circuit, direct current sampling and the dividing potential drop sampling loop 3 of T level of described transformer, and the waveform current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 4 of being located at T level of described transformer; The output of described rectification circuit is the output that is used to connect motor coil of power circuit; Synchronization control circuit 5 comprises: pwm signal generation circuit and AND circuit IC5; Described single-chip microcomputer IC4 has: be used for three hall signal inputs that link to each other with three Hall elements of brshless DC motor respectively, three respectively with three groups of power circuits in the sampling voltage test side A/D0 that links to each other with the sampling voltage output of dividing potential drop sampling loop 3 of described direct current sampling, A/D1 and A/D2, and three PWM pulse width control output end D/A0 that link to each other with the PWM pulse width control input of pwm signal generation circuit in described three groups of power circuits respectively, D/A1 and D/A2; The pwm signal output of pwm signal generation circuit links to each other with the first input end of described AND circuit IC5, single-chip microcomputer IC4 also has respectively three of linking to each other with second input of described AND circuit IC5 in three groups of power circuits and gate control output P1.0, P1.1 and P1.2, and the output of AND circuit IC5 links to each other with the grid of switching tube VMOS; Pwm signal generation circuit is in parallel with described LC resonant tank, to produce the pwm signal identical with the frequency of oscillation of LC resonant tank; This pwm signal control switch pipe VMOS no-voltage of the positive half wave rising edge of the sine wave in the waveform of described LC resonant tank repeatedly opens constantly, and closes constantly in the no-voltage of this positive half wave trailing edge.
Direct current sampled signal that single-chip microcomputer IC4 records according to the sampling of the described direct current in each power circuit and dividing potential drop sampling loop 3 and voltage dividing potential drop sampled signal are controlled the duty ratio of the pwm signal that the described pwm signal generation circuit in each power circuit exports, to adjust transformer T1, T2 in each power circuit and electric current and the voltage in the T3 secondary loop; Simultaneously, single-chip microcomputer IC4 exports corresponding level according to control described three respectively from the hall signal of described each Hall element with gate control output P1.0, P1.1 and P1.2, controlling the oscillatory regime of the described LC resonant tank in each power circuit respectively, thereby make three groups of power circuits generate the three phase mains that is suitable for driving the three-phase direct-current brushless motor.
Further, same frequency changes the level of two inputs of the first comparator IC1 with the vibration of described LC resonant tank, and the described switching tube VMOS of switch (switching frequency is identical with the frequency of oscillation of LC resonant tank) ceaselessly, produce normal driving voltage so that adjust the secondary loop of transformer T.
The present invention has positive effect: (1) synchronization control circuit of the present invention, the positive half wave of the resonance potential waveform of LC resonant tank is taken out, with respectively at the no-voltage of positive half wave rising edge and trailing edge on-off switch pipe constantly, thereby switching tube is operated near no-voltage to be opened or closed condition, the switching loss and the heating of switching tube have been significantly reduced, saved electric energy, and guaranteed its switching characteristic and useful life; (2) pwm signal generation circuit of the present invention comprises sawtooth wave generating circuit, and the analog quantity of exporting with PWM pulse width control end D/A relatively produces the PWM waveform in the back, and this waveform drives the VMOS switching tube through AND circuit and provides energy to the LC resonant tank; (3) the partial pressure value process single-chip microcomputer sampling back of direct current sampling of the present invention and dividing potential drop sampling loop is exported analog quantity, is changed the foundation that second comparator is exported the PWM duty ratio as programming Control PWM pulse width control end; Direct current sampling simultaneously and dividing potential drop sampling loop are by the first resistance sampling size of current, amplify the analog-to-digital conversion port processing of back through amplifier for single-chip microcomputer, with the output analog quantity of programming Control PWM pulse width control end, and the duty of the pwm signal by changing second comparator output recently changes size of current.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the drive circuit of the brshless DC motor among the embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the circuit structure schematic diagram of single-chip microcomputer and one group of power circuit in the drive circuit of the brshless DC motor among the embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the local circuit structure principle chart of the drive circuit of the brshless DC motor among the embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of three groups of motor coils of the brshless DC motor among the embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart in single-chip microcomputer when work among the embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the graph of a relation of the voltage waveform of the voltage waveform of pwm signal of single-chip microcomputer and voltage waveform gate control output P1.0 output, the pwm signal generation circuit output in the respective electrical source circuit among the embodiment and switching tube grid;
Fig. 7 is the graph of a relation of the voltage waveform of the voltage waveform of switching tube grid in the same power circuit among the embodiment and switching tube drain electrode.
Embodiment
See Fig. 1-7, the drive circuit of brshless DC motor of the present invention comprises: single-chip microcomputer IC4 and three groups are used for respectively (comprising: first group of motor coil X1-X2 with three groups of motor coils of brshless DC motor, second group of motor coil X3-X4, the 3rd group of motor coil X5-X6 see Fig. 4) the power circuit that links to each other of two ends.
Each power circuit comprises: by DC power supply 1, the pulse transforming circuit 2 that switching tube VMOS and transformer T constitute, primary coil by transformer T reaches the LC resonant tank that the resonant capacitance C3 in parallel with it constitutes, be used for when the resonance of LC resonant tank, controlling the synchronization control circuit 5 that described switching tube VMOS same frequency opens and closes, be located at rectification circuit, direct current sampling and the dividing potential drop sampling loop 3 of T level of described transformer, and the waveform current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 4 of being located at T level of described transformer; The output of described rectification circuit is the output that is used to connect motor coil of power circuit.Described rectification circuit also can adopt full-wave rectifying circuit for the half-wave rectifying circuit that diode D1 constitutes.
Described single-chip microcomputer IC4 has: be used for three hall signal inputs that link to each other with three Hall elements of brshless DC motor respectively, three respectively with three groups of power circuits in the sampling voltage test side A/D0 that links to each other with the sampling voltage output of dividing potential drop sampling loop 3 of described direct current sampling, A/D1 and A/D2, be used for obtaining the described direct current sampling of each power circuit and the direct current sampled signal input D/A3 of the direct current sampled signal that dividing potential drop sampling loop 3 records, D/A4 and D/A5, and three PWM pulse width control output end D/A0 that link to each other with the PWM pulse width control input of pwm signal generation circuit in described three groups of power circuits respectively, D/A1 and D/A2.
The pwm signal output of pwm signal generation circuit links to each other with the first input end of described AND circuit IC5, single-chip microcomputer IC4 also has respectively three of linking to each other with second input of described AND circuit IC5 in three groups of power circuits and gate control output P1.0, P1.1 and P1.2, and the output of AND circuit IC5 links to each other with the grid of switching tube VMOS.
Pwm signal generation circuit is in parallel with described LC resonant tank, to produce the pwm signal identical with the frequency of oscillation of LC resonant tank; This pwm signal control switch pipe VMOS no-voltage of the positive half wave rising edge of the sine wave in the waveform of described LC resonant tank repeatedly opens constantly, and closes constantly in the no-voltage of this positive half wave trailing edge.
Direct current sampled signal that single-chip microcomputer IC4 records according to the sampling of the described direct current in each power circuit and dividing potential drop sampling loop 3 and voltage dividing potential drop sampled signal are controlled the duty ratio of the pwm signal that the described pwm signal generation circuit in each power circuit exports, to adjust transformer T1, T2 in each power circuit and electric current and the voltage in the T3 secondary loop; Simultaneously, single-chip microcomputer IC4 exports corresponding level according to control described three respectively from the hall signal of described each Hall element with gate control output P1.0, P1.1 and P1.2, controlling the oscillatory regime of the described LC resonant tank in each power circuit respectively, thereby make three groups of power circuits generate the three phase mains that is suitable for driving the three-phase direct-current brushless motor.
Described pwm signal generation circuit comprises: the second comparator IC2 that saw-tooth wave generating circuit that is made of second capacitor C 2, the second diode D2, the 9th resistance R 9 and the first comparator IC1 and output link to each other with the first input end of described AND circuit IC5; Two inputs of the first comparator IC1 are parallel to resonant capacitance C3 two ends by first bleeder circuit and second bleeder circuit respectively, the negative electrode of the second diode D2 links to each other with DC power supply VCC, the anode of the second diode D2 connects the reverse input end of the second comparator IC2, the output of the first comparator IC1 is connected in series the reverse input end that meets the second comparator IC2 after second capacitor C 2, the 9th resistance R 9 is in parallel with the second diode D2, and the input in the same way of the second comparator IC2 links to each other with the PWM pulse width control end D/A of described single-chip microcomputer IC4; The output of the second comparator IC2 is the pwm signal output of pwm signal generation circuit.
Each power circuit also comprises the 14 resistance R 14 that links to each other with gate control output (is example with port P1.0) with described single-chip microcomputer IC4, the negative electrode of another termination the 3rd diode D3 of the 14 resistance R 14, the anode of the 3rd diode D3 links to each other with second input of described AND circuit IC5, and second input of AND circuit IC5 links to each other with described DC power supply VCC; The negative electrode of the 3rd diode D3 links to each other with the reverse input end of the first comparator IC1 through the 6th capacitor C 6.
See Fig. 2, when first group of power circuit powers on, described single-chip microcomputer IC4 link to each other with this group power circuit produce a level pulse from low to high with gate control output P1.0, produce a high level pulse through the 14 resistance R 14 and the 6th capacitor C 6 backs, the current potential of the reverse input end of the comparator IC1 that wins is raised, thereby the current potential of the reverse input end of the second comparator IC2 is reduced, and be lower than the current potential of the PWM pulse width control end D/A0 that links to each other with this group power circuit of described single-chip microcomputer IC4, make second comparator IC2 output high level, described and gate control output P1.0 is high level at this moment, described AND circuit IC5 driving switch pipe VMOS is opened, make LC resonant tank starting oscillation.
Same frequency changes the level of two inputs of the first comparator IC1 with the vibration of described LC resonant tank, and the described switching tube VMOS of switch ceaselessly, produces normal driving voltage so that adjust the secondary loop of transformer T.
In other execution modes, described switching tube can use elements such as IGBT.
Claims (3)
1. the drive circuit of a brshless DC motor is characterized in that comprising: single-chip microcomputer (IC4) is used for respectively the power circuit that links to each other with the two ends of three groups of motor coils of brshless DC motor with three groups;
Each power circuit comprises: by DC power supply (1), the pulse transforming circuit (2) that switching tube (VMOS) and transformer (T) constitute, primary coil by transformer (T) reaches the LC resonant tank that the resonant capacitance (C3) in parallel with it constitutes, be used for when the resonance of LC resonant tank, controlling the synchronization control circuit (5) that described switching tube (VMOS) same frequency opens and closes, be located at the secondary rectification circuit of described transformer (T), direct current sampling and dividing potential drop sampling loop (3), and be located at the secondary waveform current rectifying and wave filtering circuit (4) of described transformer (T); The output of described rectification circuit is the output that is used to connect motor coil of power circuit;
Synchronization control circuit (5) comprising: pwm signal generation circuit and AND circuit (IC5);
Described single-chip microcomputer (IC4) has: be used for three hall signal inputs that link to each other with three Hall elements of brshless DC motor respectively, three respectively with three groups of power circuits in the sampling voltage test side (A/D0 that links to each other with the sampling voltage output of dividing potential drop sampling loop (3) of described direct current sampling, A/D1 and A/D2), and three PWM pulse width control output (D/A0 that link to each other with the PWM pulse width control input of pwm signal generation circuit in described three groups of power circuits respectively, D/A1 and D/A2);
The pwm signal output of pwm signal generation circuit links to each other with the first input end of described AND circuit (IC5), single-chip microcomputer (IC4) also has respectively three of linking to each other with second input of described AND circuit (IC5) in three groups of power circuits and gate control output (P1.0, P1.1 and P1.2), and the output of AND circuit (IC5) links to each other with the grid of switching tube (VMOS);
Pwm signal generation circuit is in parallel with described LC resonant tank, to produce the pwm signal identical with the frequency of oscillation of LC resonant tank; This pwm signal control switch pipe (VMOS) no-voltage of the positive half wave rising edge of the sine wave in the waveform of described LC resonant tank is repeatedly opened constantly, and closes constantly in the no-voltage of this positive half wave trailing edge;
Direct current sampled signal that single-chip microcomputer (IC4) records according to the sampling of the described direct current in each power circuit and dividing potential drop sampling loop (3) and voltage dividing potential drop sampled signal are controlled the duty ratio of the pwm signal that the described pwm signal generation circuit in each power circuit exports, to adjust electric current and the voltage in transformer (T1, T2 and the T3) secondary loop in each power circuit;
Simultaneously, single-chip microcomputer (IC4) according to from the hall signal of described each Hall element control respectively described three with gate control output (P1.0, P1.1 and P1.2) export corresponding level according to the order of sequence, controlling the oscillatory regime of the described LC resonant tank in each power circuit respectively, thereby make three groups of power circuits generate the three phase mains that is suitable for driving the three-phase direct-current brushless motor;
Described pwm signal generation circuit comprises: by the saw-tooth wave generating circuit of second electric capacity (C2), second diode (D2), the 9th resistance (R9) and first comparator (IC1) formation and second comparator (IC2) that output links to each other with the first input end of described AND circuit (IC5); Two inputs of first comparator (IC1) are parallel to resonant capacitance (C3) two ends by first bleeder circuit and second bleeder circuit respectively, the negative electrode of second diode (D2) links to each other with DC power supply (VCC), the anode of second diode (D2) connects the reverse input end of second comparator (IC2), the output of first comparator (IC1) is connected in series the reverse input end that meets second comparator (IC2) behind second electric capacity (C2), the 9th resistance (R9) is in parallel with second diode (D2), and the input in the same way of second comparator (IC2) links to each other with the PWM pulse width control end (D/A) of described single-chip microcomputer (IC4); The output of second comparator (IC2) is the pwm signal output of pwm signal generation circuit;
Each power circuit also comprises the 14 resistance (R14) that links to each other with gate control output (P1.0) with described single-chip microcomputer (IC4), the negative electrode of another termination the 3rd diode (D3) of the 14 resistance (R14), the anode of the 3rd diode (D3) links to each other with second input of described AND circuit (IC5), and second input of AND circuit (IC5) links to each other with described DC power supply (VCC); The negative electrode of the 3rd diode (D3) links to each other through the reverse input end of the 6th electric capacity (C6) with first comparator (IC1).
2. the drive circuit of brshless DC motor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when one group of power circuit powers on, described single-chip microcomputer (IC4) link to each other with this group power circuit produce a level pulse from low to high with gate control output (P1.0), produce a high level pulse through the 14 resistance (R14) and the 6th electric capacity (C6) back, the current potential of the reverse input end of the comparator of winning (IC1) is raised, thereby the current potential of the reverse input end of second comparator (IC2) is reduced, and be lower than the current potential of the PWM pulse width control end (D/A0) that links to each other with this group power circuit of described single-chip microcomputer (IC4), make second comparator (IC2) output high level, described and gate control output (P1.0) is high level at this moment, described AND circuit (IC5) driving switch pipe (VMOS) is opened, made LC resonant tank starting oscillation.
3. the drive circuit of brshless DC motor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: same frequency changes the level of two inputs of first comparator (IC1) with the vibration of described LC resonant tank, and the described switching tube of switch (VMOS) ceaselessly, produce normal driving voltage so that adjust the secondary loop of transformer (T).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009103117800A CN101714845B (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | Drive circuit of brushless DC motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009103117800A CN101714845B (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | Drive circuit of brushless DC motor |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011100295413A Division CN102075129B (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | Driving circuit for brushless direct current motor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101714845A CN101714845A (en) | 2010-05-26 |
| CN101714845B true CN101714845B (en) | 2011-09-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2009103117800A Expired - Fee Related CN101714845B (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | Drive circuit of brushless DC motor |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102025305B (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2012-09-26 | 南京邮电大学 | Hall phase sequence detecting method and device of brushless direct-current motor |
| CN108347159B (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2023-10-27 | 深圳市博为光电股份有限公司 | Wireless driving power supply |
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Owner name: SHENLING ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO., LTD., HAIAN Free format text: FORMER OWNER: JIANGSU TECHNOLOGY NORMAL COLLEGE Effective date: 20130821 Owner name: JIANGSU UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Effective date: 20130821 |
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Effective date of registration: 20130821 Address after: 226600 Haian, Jiangsu province Haian Zhenhai Road, No. 88, South Road, No. Patentee after: Haian Shenling Electrical Appliance Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Jiangsu University of Technology Address before: 213001 Changzhou Province in the Clock Tower District, Jiangsu, Wu Road, No. 1801 Patentee before: Jiangsu Teachers University of Technology |
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