CN101712274A - 混合动力电动车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力电动车辆 Download PDF

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CN101712274A
CN101712274A CN200910174232A CN200910174232A CN101712274A CN 101712274 A CN101712274 A CN 101712274A CN 200910174232 A CN200910174232 A CN 200910174232A CN 200910174232 A CN200910174232 A CN 200910174232A CN 101712274 A CN101712274 A CN 101712274A
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fluid
vehicle
driving engine
fluid circuit
heater core
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CN101712274B (zh
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道格拉斯·皮卡尔德
王瑾
凯文·劳埃德·纽曼
雷蒙德·C·赛西亚克
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/445—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种混合动力电动车辆，包括内燃发动机和电力存储单元。发动机和电力存储单元配置用于为车辆提供推动力。车辆还包括与发动机、电力存储单元和车辆车厢流体连通的加热器核心。

Description

混合动力电动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力电动车辆。
背景技术
使用加热器核心(类似散热器的装置)用于加热车辆车厢是已知的设计原则。来自车辆发动机的热的冷却剂可穿过芯子的卷曲管(冷却剂和车厢空气之间的热交换器)。连接至芯子卷曲管的翼片可增加向空气热传递的表面积，例如风扇迫使该空气穿过翼片以加热乘客舱。
一旦发动机暖机，冷却剂可通过包括恒温器的闭环控制系统以已知方式保持总体上恒定的温度。进入车辆车厢的空气温度可通过阀门控制，该阀门限制穿过加热器核心的冷却剂的量。可替代地，可通过引导部分或全部进气绕过加热器核心的阀门来隔离或部分隔离封闭加热器核心。一些系统允许驾驶员通过例如旋钮或杠杆直接控制阀门。其它系统可使用电子器件控制阀门。
带有双重气候控制功能(允许驾驶员和乘客各自设定不同的温度)的车辆可使用分离为两个的加热器核心，其中不同量的冷却剂可在分离处的任一侧流动穿过加热器核心以获得所需的加热。
由于加热器核心冷却来自发动机的被加热的冷却剂，其可作为发动机的副散热器。如果主散热器工作不正确，操作者可在乘客舱内打开加热，导致发动机少许冷却。
发明内容
混合动力电动车辆包括内燃发动机和电力存储单元。发动机和电力存储单元配置用于提供动力用于移动车辆。车辆还包括加热器核心，连接加热器核心和发动机的第一流体管路，以及连接电力存储单元、加热器核心和车辆车厢的第二流体管路。加热器核心配置用于在第一流体管路和第二流体管路之间传递热量。
混合动力电动车辆包括内燃发动机和电力存储单元。发动机和电力存储单元配置用于提供动力用于移动车辆。车辆还包括与发动机、电力存储单元和车辆车厢流体连通的加热器核心。
管理混合动力电动车辆中的热量的方法包括使第一流体穿过发动机和牵引电池中的一个以将热量传递至第一流体，将热量从第一流体传递至第二流体，并使第二流体穿过发动机和牵引电池中的另一个。
尽管已经说明并公开了根据本发明的示例实施例，这些公开不应当被解释为对本发明的限制。可预见到可不脱离本发明的范围而作出多种修改和替代设计。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明实施例的混合动力电动车辆的框图。
图2为根据本发明另一实施例的混合动力电动车辆的框图。
具体实施方式
现在参考图1，混合动力电动车辆的实施例10可包括发动机(例如，内燃发动机)12、散热器14和加热器核心16。车辆10还可包括牵引电池18(或其它合适的电力存储装置)、控制器20和车厢22。如现有技术中已知，发动机12可提供动力用于移动车辆10；牵引电池18也可提供动力用于移动车辆10(通过电机)。
发动机12、散热器14和加热器核心16通过流体回路24(例如管道系统)连接。加热器核心16、牵引电池18、车厢22和车辆10外部通过流体管路26(例如通风道)连接。流体管路26包括可将流体引导至车厢22和/或车辆10外部的阀门29。控制器20可选择性地控制阀门29。对于本领域技术人员显而易见，可使用泵、风扇等(未显示)使流体在流体回路24和/或流体管路26内移动。控制器还可选择性地控制这些泵、风扇等。(假设这些使流体在流体回路24和/或流体管路26内移动的技术是已知的而不需要进一步详细讨论。)
流体回路24可引导从发动机12接收热量(从而提高冷却剂的温度)以冷却发动机12并将该热量传送至散热器14的流体(例如冷却剂)。散热器14可随后消散热量(从而降低冷却剂温度)。类似地，流体可将热量从发动机12运送至加热器核心16。加热器核心16可将该热量传递至流体管路26中的空气。该加热的空气可随后用于加热车厢22。
流体管路26可引导从牵引电池18接收热量(从而提高空气温度)以冷却牵引电池18并将该热量传送至加热器核心16的流体(例如空气)。如下面更为详细描述的，加热器核心16可以将或可以不将该热量传递至流体回路24中的流体。该加热的空气可随后通过对阀门29的选择性控制用于加热车厢22和/或排放至车辆10外部。以牵引电池18产生的热量加热车厢可降低对出于加热车厢22的目的而起动发动机12的需要。
如上所述，发动机12和/或牵引电池18产生的热量可用于加热车厢22。然而，牵引电池18产生的热量也可用于加热发动机12。例如，牵引电池18产生的热量可通过加热器核心16传递至流体回路24中的流体(假设流体回路24中的流体温度低于流体管路26中的空气温度)。流体回路24中的流体可随后用于在发动机起动之前预热发动机12(假设流体回路24中的流体温度高于发动机12的温度)以例如改善发动机12的冷起动排放。类似地，流体回路24中的流体可用于间接提高发动机12的运转温度。(由于流体回路24中的流体将具有更高的温度，热量从发动机12传递至流体回路24中的流体的速度将比其它情况低。)发动机12的更高的运转温度可提高排气温度，其可依次减少或消除对将燃料后喷射入燃烧室用于微粒过滤器“起燃”和再生的需要。
同样地，发动机12产生的热量可用于加热牵引电池18。例如，发动机12产生的热量可通过加热器核心16传递至流体管路26内的空气(假设流体回路24中的流体温度高于流体管路26中的空气温度)。该加热的空气可随后被引导通过牵引电池18(例如使用任何合适地配置的吹风机)。这种加热可降低例如由于冷环境中内部电池温度较低而牵引电池18功率变得受到限制的倾向。
控制器20可作用以基于例如用户对气候控制系统(未显示)的输入和来自与发动机12、牵引电池18、流体回路24等相关联的温度传感器(未显示)的温度读数来如上所述地运转元件。(假设这些用于接收这种输入及探测这种温度的技术是已知的而不需要进一步详细讨论)。作为一个示例，控制器20可接收加热车厢22的指令。随后控制器20可基于发动机12和/或牵引电池18是否具有要排出的可用热量来确定是否使用发动机12和/或牵引电池18已经产生的热量。如果发动机12“关闭”(无可用热量)，控制器20可运转合适配置的吹风机(未显示)以通过流体管路26向车厢22提供牵引电池18产生的热量。作为另一个示例，控制器20可接收指令以在冷启动之前预热发动机12。控制器20可运转流体回路24中合适配置的泵(未显示)和流体管路26中合适配置的风扇(未显示)，这样牵引电池18产生的热量通过加热器核心16传递至流体回路24中的流体。随后该热量可由流体回路24中的流体传送至发动机12。其它的控制模式也是可行的。
现在参考图2，与图1中的编号元件相差100的编号元件具有与图1中的编号元件相类似(尽管不必要相同)的描述。混合动力电动车辆的另一实施例110可包括发动机112、散热器114和加热器核心116。车辆110还可包括牵引电池118、控制器120和车厢122。
发动机112、散热器114和加热器核心116通过流体回路124流体连接。流体回路124包括可如下所述用于旁路通过发动机112和/或散热器114的阀门130、132、134。然而，在其它实施例中，可以是任何合适的阀门调节装置。加热器核心116、牵引电池118、车厢122和车辆110外部通过流体管路126流体连通。流体管路126包括可将流体引导至车厢122和/或车辆110外部的阀门129。控制器120可选择性地控制阀门129、130、132、134。如上所述，可使用泵、风扇等(未显示)使流体在流体回路124和/或流体管路126中移动。控制器120也可选择性地控制这些泵、风扇等。
如参考图1所讨论的，发动机112和/或牵引电池118产生的热量可用于加热车厢122，牵引电池118产生的热量可用于加热发动机112，而且发动机112产生的热量可用于加热牵引电池118。然而，对阀门130、132、134的选择性控制与上述技术的可能结合可提供对发动机112、牵引电池118和/或车厢122之间的热传递的进一步控制。作为一个示例，控制器120可驱动阀门130以降低冷却剂至发动机112的流速以降低热量从发动机112传递至流体回路124中冷却剂的速度。这可提升发动机112的运转温度并提升排气温度用于过滤器“起燃”。作为另一个示例，控制器120可驱动阀门130、132以旁路通过发动机112以提高发动机112的运转温度。这可允许加热器核心116早于在冷启动之前预热发动机112以使牵引电池118产生的热量充分提高流体回路124中的流体温度。当然，也可以是其它的模式或设置。
尽管已经说明并描述了本发明的实施例示例，其并非意味着这些实施例说明并描述了本发明的所有可能形式。说明书中所使用的词汇为描述性词汇而非限定性词汇，且应理解在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出多种改变。

Claims (6)

1.一种具有车厢的混合动力电动车辆，所述车辆包含：
内燃发动机；
电力存储单元，所述发动机和电力存储单元配置用于提供动力以移动所述车辆；
加热器核心；
连接所述加热器核心和所述发动机的第一流体管路；
连接所述电力存储单元、所述加热器核心、和所述车厢的第二流体管路，所述加热器核心配置用于在所述第一流体管路和所述第二流体管路之间传递热量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述第一流体管路包括第一流体，所述第一流体包含冷却剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述冷却剂包含液体。
4.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述第一流体管路形成包括至少一个配置用于引导所述冷却剂围绕所述发动机以旁路通过所述发动机的阀门的流体回路。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述第二流体管路包括第二流体，所述第二流体包含空气。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述第二流体管路包括配置用于将所述空气引导至所述车厢和所述车辆外部中至少一个的阀门。
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