CN101709470A - Preparation method of composite coating containing diffusion barrier generated in situ - Google Patents

Preparation method of composite coating containing diffusion barrier generated in situ Download PDF

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CN101709470A
CN101709470A CN200910220252A CN200910220252A CN101709470A CN 101709470 A CN101709470 A CN 101709470A CN 200910220252 A CN200910220252 A CN 200910220252A CN 200910220252 A CN200910220252 A CN 200910220252A CN 101709470 A CN101709470 A CN 101709470A
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coating
matrix
composite coating
diffusion barrier
plating
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CN101709470B (en
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孙超
马军
姜肃猛
宫骏
李海庆
王维新
刘山川
闻立时
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a technology for preparing a high-temperature protection composite coating on a high-temperature alloy matrix, in particular to a preparation method of a composite coating containing a diffusion barrier generated in situ. In the invention, a multilayer film deposited in advance is used, and related heat treatment rules are combined to prepare the composite coating which can inhibit coating elements from diffusing to the matrix at high temperature, thereby prolonging the service life of the coating. The invention has the following technological processes: firstly, pretreating the high-temperature alloy matrix; then, preparing a layer of sub-micron level Re-Ni plating by an electroplating technology; after finishing the post treatment step of electroplating, sequentially depositing a layer of MCrAlY coating and a layer of AlSiY coating on the Re-Ni plating; and finally, carrying out related heat treatment on the multilayer film, and generating the diffusion barrier in the position of the original Re-Ni plating. The invention effectively solves the problem of high preparation cost of the Re plating, and obtains the composite coating containing the uniform continuous diffusion barrier by simple heat treatment.

Description

A kind of preparation method of composite coating that contains diffusion barrier generated in situ
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology of preparation high temperature protection compound coating on the superalloy matrix, specifically a kind of preparation method of composite coating that contains diffusion barrier generated in situ, it utilizes sedimentary in advance multilayer film, in conjunction with relevant heat treating regime, prepare and a kind ofly can under hot conditions, suppress the coating element and spread, thereby improve the coating compound coating in work-ing life to matrix.
Background technology
As the superalloy of aero engine turbine blades, generally include Ni-based and cobalt base alloy.Under the usage condition, except will having excellent high temperature and ambient temperature mechanical properties, superalloy also should have good resistance of oxidation.At present, a kind of terms of settlement is at its surface-coated high-temperature protection coating, utilizes the antioxidant property of coating, and protection superalloy matrix avoids taking place high temperature oxidation 1000 ℃ of high temperature section up and down.MCrAlY coating (M=Ni, Co or NiCo) and aluminide diffusion coating are present two kinds of the most frequently used high-temperature protection coatings.In fact, comprehensive these two kinds of coatings, forming a kind of is bottom with the MCrAlY coating, and the AlSiY coating is that the compound coating of top layer has better high temperature oxidation resistance, and this point has obtained proof.
The preparation method of MCrAlY coating comprises cold spraying, plasma spraying (APS, VPS and LPPS), hypersonic flame spraying (HVOF), magnetron sputtering (MS) and arc ion plating (AIP) etc.The preparation method of aluminide diffusion coating mainly contains solid phase aluminising, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) etc.Arc ion plating prepares coating, because it is low to have higher sedimentation rate, the densification of bonding strength, and coating preferably, porosity, is one of ideal style of preparation MCrAlY coating and aluminide coating.
Along with the development of aeronautical technology, the use temperature of blade improves constantly, and is also more and more higher to traditional high-temperature protection coating requirement.Especially the mutual diffusion between principal element and the matrix element in the coating under the high temperature; not only continuously consume the aluminium and the chromium of protectiveness in the coating; thereby make coating quicken to degenerate; and matrix alloy is at a large amount of refractory metal element of this process also loss; make original solution strengthening effect weaken, reduced the mechanical property of matrix.Therefore, improve the use temperature of protective coating, the problem that must solve is exactly this mutual diffusion behavior that how to reduce between coating and the matrix, thereby suppresses the degeneration of coating and matrix, the usage life-span of improving blade.Domestic and international research person all wishes by adding a diffusion impervious layer between coating and matrix, stoping or to delay the diffusion of element by this layer, and obtained a large amount of achievements.Wherein, be included between MCrAlY coating and the matrix to add and have certain thickness, a fine and close blocking layer, as Re, Ta, W, Mo layer by what one or more refractory elements were formed.This refractory element layer can at high temperature keep a very long time, greatly reduces the mutual diffusion between coating and the matrix.
Regrettably, the general difficulty of the diffusion impervious layer of being made up of refractory element is all on preparation technology and cost.Utilize pure metal or alloy target material extremely high, and target utilization is low by the price that physical method (as PVD) prepares this diffusion impervious layer; Also have the scholar to deposit coating by galvanized mode, obtained good effect, and electroplating technology is compared to other deposition methods, manufacturing cost also greatly reduces.But because sedimentary coating is thicker, make that the bonding force of coating and matrix is relatively poor, the raw materials cost of Shi Yonging also can not be underestimated simultaneously.So the coating process of change refractory metal reduces thickness of coating, form substitutable layer by other elements and refractory metal acting in conjunction with equal effect, be the direction that investigators make great efforts always.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of composite coating that contains diffusion barrier generated in situ, the composition that the compound coating that utilization is made of AlSiY coating and MCrAlY coating is taken place in annealing process is characteristic distributions again, and in conjunction with sedimentary Re-Ni coating on matrix in advance, original position generates the fine and close middle layer of one deck based on CrCoRe on coating/basal body interface, replace the complete diffusion impervious layer that constitutes with refractory element, to solve present preparation diffusion impervious layer problem with high costs.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of preparation method of composite coating that contains diffusion barrier generated in situ comprises the steps:
(1) matrix is carried out pre-grinding, supersound process, regular profile, cleaning surface and oil contaminant;
(2) electroplate before the Re-Ni, must adopt electrochemical etching method, remove the residual oxide skin of matrix surface, concrete technology is: the dense H of 85wt% 3PO 4, the dense H of 98.3wt% 2SO 4With water 4-5 by volume: mix at 1: 2, be heated to 50-70 ℃, matrix is put into wherein taken out after electrolysis 1-5 under the 2.5-2.8V voltage minute as anode, cathode material is the nickel plate;
(3) pretreated matrix is carried out over-plated according to following technology: plating bath is citric acid 0.1-0.3mol/L, NiSO 46H 2O 0.1-0.5mol/L, ReO 4 -0.0075-0.025mol/L all the other are water, ammoniacal liquor is regulated the pH value to 8-9, the plating bath for preparing is heated to 45-60 ℃, (0.5-10A/dm under certain current density 2), electroplate the matrix that is in negative electrode the energising back, and anode material is the nickel plate, and electroplating time looks required thickness of coating and the current density size is decided, and thickness of coating is advisable with submicron order (100nm~1.0 μ m);
(4) the Re-Ni coating for preparing is carried out ultrasonic cleaning, to remove the material of remained on surface;
(5) adopt arc ion plating (AlP) technology, deposition MCrAlY coating (M=Ni, Co or NiCo) on Re-Ni coating, depositing time is 8-14h, concrete deposition parameter sees Table 1-table 2;
(6) the arc ions depositing process adds on the MCrAlY coating depositing Al SiY coating again at Re-Ni coating, and depositing time is 2-4h, and concrete deposition parameter is also shown in table 1-table 2;
(7) the superalloy base material that will contain multilayer film carries out anneal under vacuum condition, can obtain to contain the compound coating of diffusion barrier through above-mentioned steps.
Matrix in the described step (1) is the Ni based high-temperature alloy, is generally monocrystalline or directional freeze cylindrulite, thereby has mechanical behavior under high temperature preferably, and its profile is simple during as matrix, complex constructions such as no deep hole and bending.
Electrochemical etching method in the described step (2), corrosive fluid should be prepared before plating, and thorough mixing evenly and after leaving standstill 4~12 can use.
Over-plated in the described step (3) refers to that whole substrate all need electroplate Re-Ni, adopts double anode, and the center of two anode surfaces is relative with the center on negative electrode two sides respectively, and the relative distance of anode and cathode is 30-60mm, and anode/cathode single face area is than being 2-5: 1.
Re-Ni coating in the described step (3) is core of the present invention as diffusion barrier preformed layer, and the thickness of Re-Ni coating is advisable with hundreds of nanometers (100nm~1.0 μ m).
Aftertreatment in the described step (4) is extremely important to the arc ions depositing process, and ultrasonic cleaning is carried out according to the order of metal detergent → tap water → distilled water, cleans back cold wind and dries up, and hang in the vacuum oven at once, in order to avoid surface contamination.Wherein, metal detergent is universal acid metal washing composition.
MCrAlY coating in the described step (5) is one of main part of this compound coating, and the thickness after the ion plating is at 35-50 μ m.
AlSiY coating in the described step (6) is one of main part of this compound coating, and its thickness is at 10-20 μ m.
The annealing schedule that is adopted in the described step (7) is: under vacuum condition (10 -2-10 -3Pa, the 0.2-0.5Pa argon shield), temperature 900-1000 ℃, soaking time 5-10h, heating rate 5-7 ℃/min, furnace cooling.
The present invention has following advantage:
1, the present invention carries out pre-treatment to the superalloy matrix earlier, prepares the Re-Ni coating of one deck submicron order again by electroplating technology; After finishing the plating post-processing step, on Re-Ni coating, deposit one deck MCrAlY coating and one deck AlSiY coating successively; At last this multilayer film is carried out associated hot and handle, produce the diffusion barrier in former Re-Ni coating position, efficiently solve the preparation cost problem of high Re coating, promptly obtain to contain compound coating even, the continuous diffusion barrier by brief heat treating;
2, adopt plating mode Re-Ni codeposition coating, because the associating deposition characteristics that Re and Ni self are had, so technology is reliable;
3, in the electroplating formula as the oxygenant ReO of Re donor 4 -The ion minimum concentration is 0.0075mol/L only, is significantly less than the concentration of domestic and international similar prescription, has saved raw materials cost;
4, different with other research work, Re-Ni coating itself is not as diffusion impervious layer, so its design thickness has further reduced cost below 1 μ m (submicron order);
5, as the MCrAlY coating and the AlSiY coating of compound coating main body, adopt the arc ion plating mode to deposit, quality of coating is reliable, and technical maturity;
6, the core concept of diffusion barrier generated in situ is to utilize the dissolubility difference of constituent element in homophase not, the people brings out center (being the Re-Ni layer) for what an element such as Cr, Co was provided, the phase transformation of generation and diffusion produce continuous, the fine and close middle layer based on Cr, Co, Re during in conjunction with annealing, simple, the easy row of method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the surface topography of Re-Ni coating.
Fig. 2-(a) and (b) be respectively the cross section pattern of the forward and backward compound coating of annealing.
Fig. 3 is an annealing back coating principal element face distribution situation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example in detail the present invention is described in detail, the tissue of coating and composition characterization method comprise scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy spectrum analysis (EDS) and electronic probe (EPMA).
Embodiment
At first, Ni based high-temperature alloy matrix (composition sees Table 1) is carried out pre-treatment:
(1) conventional pre-treatment is carried out pre-grinding, supersound process to matrix, regular profile, cleaning surface and oil contaminant;
(2) electroplate before the Re-Ni, must adopt electrochemical etching method, remove the residual oxide skin of matrix surface, concrete technology is: the dense H of 85wt% 3PO 4With the dense H of 98.3wt% 2SO 4With water 4-5 by volume: mix at 1: 2, be heated to 70 ℃, matrix is put into wherein taken out after 3 minutes in electrolysis under the 2.5-2.8V voltage as anode, cathode material is the nickel plate;
Then, with Ni based high-temperature alloy matrix as cathode suspension in plating bath, electroplate according to following steps:
Carry and prepare plating bath the day before yesterday, solution composition is citric acid 0.3mol/L, NiSO 46H 2O 0.2mol/L, ReO 4 -0.0075mol/L all the other are water; Ammoniacal liquor is regulated pH value to 8~9 before electroplating; Again the plating bath for preparing is heated to 55 ℃, then with current density D=1A/dm 2Electroplate 5min, anode material is the nickel plate, forms Re-Ni coating, and the correlation parameter of coating is as follows: thickness is 500nm~1 μ m, and particle size is 0.4-1 μ m, and scratch test records coating and the matrix average bonding strength is 26.9MPa.
In the present embodiment, " ReO 4 -" specifically adopt KReO 4
After plating is finished, Re-Ni coating is carried out ultrasonic cleaning handle (twice in metal detergent → tap water → distilled water; Wherein, metal detergent is universal acid detergent), after cold wind dries up, rapidly hang in the arc ion plating stove, again according to first MCrAlY coating, the order of back AlSiY coating deposits 12h and 3h respectively with reference to the parameter of table 2.
The correlation parameter of MCrAlY coating is as follows: thickness is 35-45 μ m, because the feature of arc ion plating self, the coating particle size range is bigger, is made up of a spot of macrobead and equally distributed small-particle that (size is tens to the hundreds of nanometer, and Coating composition sees Table 1.
The correlation parameter of AlSiY coating is as follows: thickness is 10-15 μ m, and particle size is with the MCrAlY coating, and Coating composition also sees Table 1.
The composition (wt%) of two kinds of arc ion plating targets of table 1 and matrix: the MCrAlY target abbreviates M3 as, and matrix abbreviates DD32 as.
??Co ??Cr ??Al ??Y ??Si ??B Other
??M3 ??30-34 ??18-22 ??9-11 ??0.3-0.8 ??0.5-2 ??0.01-0.03 ??Ni
??AlSiY ??94.1 ??1.2 ??4.7
??DD32 ??9 ??4.5 ??4.0 ??0.002 ??0.003 * * such as Ta
* DD32 also contains: Ta 4.0, and Nb 1.6, and W 8.5, and Mo 1.8, and Re 3.9, and C 0.15, and surplus is Ni.
The processing parameter of table 2 arc ion plating AIP deposition MCrAlY coating and AlSiY coating.
Deposition parameter ??AlSiY ??MCrAlY
Arc voltage (V) ??19-21 ??19-21
Arc current (A) ??63-65 ??63-65
DC pulse negative bias (V) ??220-230 ??220-230
Dutycycle (%) ??30 ??30
Partial pressure of ar gas (P Ar×10 -1Pa) ??3.0-3.3 ??2.1-2.3
To deposit the attitude compound coating and be encapsulated in the vacuum silicone tube, vacuum tightness is 10 -2Pa charges into 0.2Pa argon shield coating, carries out vacuum annealing according to following annealing schedule then and handles: 1000 ℃ of temperature, soaking time 5h, 5 ℃/min of heating rate, furnace cooling.
Deposition attitude each layer of compound coating (Re-Ni coating, MCrAlY coating and AlSiY) coated component (wt%) after table 3 deposition.
??Co ??Cr ??Al ??Y ??Si ??Re ??Ni
??M3 ??33.01 ??21.98 ??7.67 ??0.05-0.1 ??1.06 All the other
??AlSiY ??93.59 ??2.23 ??4.18
??ReNi ??63.76 ??36.24
In the present embodiment, obtain the Ni protective layer by electroless plating on deposition attitude and annealed state compound coating at last, formula for chemical plating nickel is as shown in table 5, depositing time 30 minutes, and obtaining thickness of coating is 3-10 μ m.
Table 5 formula for chemical plating nickel
Figure G2009102202524D00061
Deposit attitude Re-Ni coating surface morphology as shown in Figure 1, surface particles is tiny, and compact structure does not have micro-flaw to exist, and the average assay that EPMA records Re-Ni coating is: Re 63.76wt%, Ni 36.24wt%.Compound coating deposition attitude cross section pattern is shown in Fig. 2 (a), and the coating ecto-entad is respectively: Ni protective layer, AlSiY coating, MCrAlY coating, Re-Ni coating, and each layer combination is tight, and quality of coating is higher.The thickness of Re-Ni coating is 800nm~1.0 μ m, and thickness is even.Cross section, annealing back pattern is shown in Fig. 2 (b); compound coating is annealed; composition has taken place to distribute again, and the original interface between each coating disappears, and ecto-entad also is divided into four layers from tissue topography: Ni protective layer, β phase region, γ '/β mixing phase region, CrCoRe diffusion barrier layer.
In the present embodiment, the β phase region is the compound coating skin among Fig. 2 (b), is meant that ((Ni+Co): Al is 1: 1 (atomic ratio) for Ni, Co) Al.The thickness of this layer is relevant with the Al content of deposition attitude compound coating, and Al content is high more, and this layer is thick more, and in other words, the AlSiY layer is thick more, and the β phase region after the annealing is big more.
In the present embodiment, γ '/β mixing phase region is the compound coating internal layer among Fig. 2 (b), be meant by γ '-(Ni, Co) 3Al and β-(Ni, Co) mixing phase region of Al two phase composites.Similar with the β phase region, the thickness of γ '/β mixing phase region is also relevant with the AlSiY coating, and along with the AlSiY coat-thickness increases, the β phase region can increase gradually, and γ '/β mixing phase region then reduces gradually, and γ ' wherein reduces mutually, and β increases mutually.
Under above-mentioned test parameter, the β phase region is about 35-40 μ m and 15-20 μ m respectively with the thickness of γ '/β mixing phase region.
In the present embodiment, CrCoRe diffusion barrier thickness is even, fine and close, and EPMA records its composition, and as shown in table 4 (unit: wt%), CrCoRe diffusion barrier thickness is 3~5 μ m.
Table 4CrCoRe diffusion barrier composition
??Ni ??Co ??Cr ??Al ??Re ??W ??Si ??Y ??Mo
??10.013 ??28.226 ??44.766 ??1.044 ??8.553 ??4.262 ??1.949 ??0.034 ??1.153
In order further to characterize the distribution situation of CrCoRe diffusion barrier and each principal element, compound coating is carried out the EPMA face sweep, the face that obtains principal element distributes as shown in Figure 3, and the main rule of composition profiles is as follows:
(1) composition profiles of Cr and Al element is divided into three districts, and Cr ecto-entad gradient increases, and Al ecto-entad gradient reduces, and in diffusion barrier district the enrichment of Cr and the dilution of Al takes place.
(2) the Ni elemental composition is divided into four districts, corresponding above-mentioned respectively Ni protective layer, β phase region, γ '/β mixing phase region, CrCoRe diffusion barrier layer, and the ecto-entad gradient reduces, and in the diffusion barrier dilution takes place also.
(3) the Co element is uniformly distributed in whole coating system, illustrate different mutually in its solid solubility all more approaching.
(4) Re is enriched in the diffusion barrier, and at the compound coating internal layer a small amount of distribution is arranged.

Claims (9)

1. a preparation method of composite coating that contains diffusion barrier generated in situ is characterized in that, these method concrete steps are as follows:
(1) matrix is carried out conventional pre-treatment;
(2) electroplate before the Re-Ni, adopt electrochemical etching method, remove the residual oxide skin of matrix surface, concrete technology is: the dense H of 85wt% 3PO 4, the dense H of 98.3wt% 2SO 4With water 4-5 by volume: mix at 1: 2, be heated to 50-70 ℃, matrix is put into wherein taken out after electrolysis 1-5 under the 2.5-2.8V voltage minute as anode, cathode material is the nickel plate;
(3) pretreated matrix is carried out over-plated according to following technology: plating bath is citric acid 0.1-0.3mol/L, NiSO 46H 2O 0.1-0.5mol/L, ReO 4 -0.0075-0.025mol/L all the other are water, ammoniacal liquor is regulated the pH value to 8-9, the plating bath for preparing is heated to 45-60 ℃, at 0.5-10A/dm 2Current density under, electroplate the matrix that is in negative electrode energising back, anode material is the nickel plate; The thickness of Re-Ni coating is 100nm~1.0 μ m;
(4) the Re-Ni coating for preparing is carried out ultrasonic cleaning, to remove the material of remained on surface;
(5) adopt the arc ions depositing process, deposition MCrAlY coating on Re-Ni coating, depositing time is 8-14h;
(6) the arc ions depositing process adds on the MCrAlY coating depositing Al SiY coating again at Re-Ni coating, and depositing time is 2-4h;
(7) matrix that will contain multilayer film carries out anneal under vacuum condition, can obtain to contain the compound coating of diffusion barrier through above-mentioned steps.
2. according to the described preparation method of composite coating of claim 1, it is characterized in that the matrix in the step (1) is the Ni based high-temperature alloy, monocrystalline or directional freeze cylindrulite.
3. according to the described preparation method of composite coating of claim 1, it is characterized in that, over-plated in the step (3) refers to that whole substrate all need electroplate Re-Ni, adopt double anode, the center of two anode surfaces is relative with the center on negative electrode two sides respectively, the relative distance of anode and cathode is 30-60mm, and anode/cathode single face area is than being 2-5: 1.
4. according to the described preparation method of composite coating of claim 1, it is characterized in that the thickness of the Re-Ni coating in the step (3) is 100nm~1.0 μ m, electroplating parameter is a target to obtain submicron order coating.
5. according to the described preparation method of composite coating of claim 1, it is characterized in that the ultrasonic cleaning in the step (4) is carried out according to the order of metal detergent → tap water → distilled water, clean back cold wind and dry up, and hanging in the vacuum oven at once, in order to avoid surface contamination.
6. according to the described preparation method of composite coating of claim 1, it is characterized in that the thickness after the MCrAlY coating ion plating in the step (5) is at 35-50 μ m.
7. according to the described preparation method of composite coating of claim 1, it is characterized in that the thickness of AlSiY coating is at 10-20 μ m in the step (6).
8. according to the described preparation method of composite coating of claim 1, it is characterized in that the annealing schedule that is adopted in the step (7) is: under vacuum condition, temperature 900-1000 ℃, soaking time 5-10h, heating rate 5-7 ℃/min, furnace cooling.
9. according to the described preparation method of composite coating of claim 8, it is characterized in that described vacuum condition is: in vacuum tightness is 10 -2-10 -3Under the Pa, fill the 0.2-0.5Pa argon shield.
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CN101914774A (en) * 2010-08-19 2010-12-15 上海应用技术学院 Bonding layer material having Re-Ni-Cr alloy diffusion barrier layer and preparation method thereof
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CN108728888A (en) * 2018-06-14 2018-11-02 暨南大学 A kind of High temperature diffusion coating and preparation method thereof with the diffusion barrier containing Hf
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CN115110024A (en) * 2022-07-01 2022-09-27 中国科学院金属研究所 MCrAlY coating containing active element modification Re-based diffusion barrier and preparation method thereof

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