CN1017008B - 调相变压器 - Google Patents
调相变压器Info
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- CN1017008B CN1017008B CN89102285A CN89102285A CN1017008B CN 1017008 B CN1017008 B CN 1017008B CN 89102285 A CN89102285 A CN 89102285A CN 89102285 A CN89102285 A CN 89102285A CN 1017008 B CN1017008 B CN 1017008B
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Abstract
本发明的调相变压器设有主变压器和串联变压器的各相线圈绕在其上的六相铁芯,各相线圈的排列使该六相铁芯内相互相邻的各主磁通的相位差为30°,所以,用一台变压器便可构或调相变压器,并且可使通过相邻各相线圈间的铁芯的相间极靴的差磁通过约为上述主磁通的一半,从而可实现体积小、重量轻、价格便宜。
Description
本发明涉及调相变压器,特别是小型的价格低的调相变压器,该调相变压器用于连接电压和相位不同的两个电力系统以及为了使环形电力系统的输电损失为最小而控制功率流量。
图1是本发明的一个实施例的平面图,图2是图1的主磁通和差磁通的矢量图,图3是本发明其他实施例的主磁通和差磁通的矢量图,图4是普通的调相变压器的接线图,图5是说明图4的调相变压器的相位调整动作的矢量图,图6是图4的调相变压器的各相的主磁通的矢量图,图7是先有的调相变压器的主变压器的斜视图,图8是图7的主变压器的平面图,图9是先有的调相变压器的主磁通和差磁通的矢量图。
图4是先有的实用化的普通调相变压器的接线图。
图中,主变压器1以及与该主变压器串联连接的串联变压器11构成三相的调相变压器。
主变压器1由星形接法的初级线圈2、星形接法的次级线圈3和三角形接法的第三线圈4构成,各线圈2~4分别具有处于同相关系的U相、V相和W相等三个相线圈。另外,初级线圈2具有与电力系统相连接的三个输入端U、V和W,次级线圈3具有三个输出端u、v和w。
串联变压器11由通过各转换抽头Ta~Tc及接点Sa~Sc与次级线圈3相连接的星形接法的相位调整线圈13、通过各接点a、b、c
与第三线圈4相连接的星形接法的励磁线圈14和三角形接法的稳定线圈15构成,各线圈13~15分别具有处于同相关系的u相、v相和w相等三个相线圈。
下面,参照图5和图6的矢量图说明图4的调相变压器的相位调整动作。
首先,当主变压器1的初级线圈2的接点U~W与三相电力系统相接,加上电压Eu、Ev和Ew时,初级线圈2中便感应出与系统电压Eu、Ev及Ew平衡的电压。另外,在次级线圈3和第三线圈4的各相线圈内分别感应出与初级线圈2的各相线圈同相的电压。
这时,由于次级线圈3是星形接法,而第三线圈4是三角形接法,所以,与串联变压器11的励磁线圈14相连接的第三线圈4的各个接点a、b、c的对地电压,都比初级线圈2的各个接点U、V、W的相位滞后30°。
另外,在串联变压器11内部,通过接点a、b、c与主变压器1的第三线圈4相连接的励磁线圈14是星形接法,在相位调整线圈13和稳定线圈15的各相线圈内分别感应出与励磁线圈14的各相线圈同相的电压。因此,从主变压器1的初级线圈2的角度看,串联变压器11内的各线圈13~15的电压相位均滞后30°。
于是,若如图4所示的那样,把相位调整线圈13的a相、b相和c相的各相线圈分别与主变压器1的次级线圈3的V相、W相及U相的各相线圈相连接,则在次级线圈3的各相线圈的感应电压E′u、E′v及E′w与同其各相线圈串联连接的相位调整线圈13的各相线圈的感应电压Ea、Eb及Ec之间产生90°的相位差。
这时,次级线圈3的各接点u、v及w的对地电压Eu、Ev及Ew便
如图5所示,是次级线圈3的感应电压E′u、E′v及E′w与相位调整线圈13的感应电压Ea、Eb及Ec的矢量合成。
在图5中,虚线所示的Eu、Ev及Ew是初级线圈2的各接点U、V及W的电压矢量,Ea、Eb及Ec是相位调整线圈13的各相线圈中感应出的电压矢量,E′u、E′v及E′w是次级线圈3的各相线圈中感应出的电压矢量,Eu、Ev及Ew是次级线圈3的各接点u、v及w的对地电压矢量。
由图5可知,次级线圈3的各接点电压Eu、Ev及Ew相对初级线圈2的各接点电压Eu、Ev及Ew有一个θ角度的相位差。利用抽头转换器(图中未示出)在有负载时调整相位调整线圈13的各个抽头Ta~Tc的位置而改变感应电压Ea、Eb及Ec的大小,可以任意调整该相位差角度θ。
另外,由于主变压器1的各线圈2~4的电压与串联变压器11的各线圈13~15的电压之间相位差,所以,主变压器1和串联变压器11的铁芯中产生的各相的主磁通φu、φv及φw与φu、φv及φw之间也有相位差。
若用矢量图表示上述关系,则如图6所示,虚线所示的φu、φv及φw是主变压器1的三相主磁通,实线所示的φa、φb及φc是串联变压器11的三相主磁通。由图6可知,例如若主磁通φu与φa之间的相位差为30°,则主磁通φa与φv之间的相位差就是90°。
图7是先有的作为主变压器1或串联变压器11的壳式普通三相变压器的内部结构斜视图,图8是图7的变压器的平面图。实际上,将与图7(图8)结构相同的两台变压器相连接,便构成调相变压器的主变压器1和串联变压器11,此处只示出了主变压器1。
铁芯21上,与各相配合的初级线圈2、次级线圈3和第三线圈4分别绕成U相线圈22U、V相线圈22V和W相线圈22W,其中,V相线圈22V的线圈的绕向是相反的,即与U相线圈22U及W相线圈22W的绕向相反。
另外,铁芯21由通过有主磁通φu、-φv及φw的主铁芯柱23和通过各相邻主磁通的差磁通φuv及φvw的相间铁芯柱24(参见画斜线处)构成。
下面,说明在图7及图8所示的主变压器1中主磁通φu、-φv及φw通过主铁芯柱时,通过各相间铁芯柱24的差磁通φuv及φvw的量。
通过各相间铁芯柱24的差磁通可用通过相邻主铁芯柱23的主磁通之差来表示,在U相线圈22U和V相线圈22V之间的相间铁芯柱24中通过由主磁通φu与-φv的矢量差构成的差磁通φuv,在V相线圈22V与W相线圈22W之间的相间铁芯柱24中通过由主磁通-φv与φw的矢量差构成的差磁通φvw。
若用矢量图表示上述关系,则为图9。这时,各主磁通φu、φv及φw的绝对值相等,并且相互有120°的相位差,另外,绕向相反的V相线圈22V产生的主磁通为-φv,相对各主磁通φu及φw的相位差为60°。因此,如图所示,各差磁通φuv及φvw的绝对值与主磁通φu、φv及φw的绝对值相等。
于是,铁芯21的主铁芯柱23和相间铁芯柱24的截面积应设计为能通过主磁通和差磁通所需要的数值,而将主铁芯柱23及相间铁芯柱24的宽度D1和D2设计为相同的宽度。对于串联变压器11,设计方法完全相同,并且如果铁芯的厚度与主变压器1的铁芯厚度H相
同,则主铁芯柱和相间铁芯柱的宽度也和主变压器1的宽度D1和D2相等。
如上所述,由于先有的调相变压器是由两台三相变压器即主变压器1和串联变压器11组合而成的,所以,不仅体积大,组装、运输和安装十分费力,而且,油箱、绝缘套和保护继电器等器材都必须使用两套。
另外,即使把两台变压器装在一个油箱内,也由于主要结构不能减少而使制造费用几乎不能节减,相反,由于外形尺寸加大而增加了运输的费用。
本发明就是为解决上述问题而提出来的,目的是要提供一种小型的价格便宜的调相变压器。
本发明的调相变压器设有可以卷绕主变压器和串联变压器的各相线圈的六相铁芯,各相线圈的配置使得在该六相铁芯内相邻的各主磁通的相位差为30°。
本发明用一台变压器构成调相变压器,并且使通过相邻各相线圈间的铁芯的相间铁芯柱的差磁通约为先有的一半,因此可使相间铁芯柱的截面积减小,从而实现小型化。
下面,说明本发明的一个实施例。图1是本发明的一个实施例的平面图,22U~22W、φu~φw、φa~φc和D1的意义与前述相同。另外,其接线图和图4所示的一样,各电压Eu~Ew及Eu~Ew和各主磁通φu~φw及φa~φc的矢量图分别和图5及图6所示的一样。
主变压器1(参见图4)的各相线图22U~22W和串联变压器11的各相线圈22a~22c一起绕在其上的六相铁芯31由通过各主
磁通φu~φw及φa~φc的主铁芯柱33和通过各差磁通φau、φvb、φbv、φvc及φcw的相间铁芯柱34构成。
另外,绕在六相铁芯31上的各相线圈从图上左边开始按a相、U相、b相、V相、c相及W相的顺序排列,V相线圈22V和b相线圈22b的绕向和前面所述的一样,是反向的,即与其它线圈的绕向相反。并且,各主磁通φu~φw和φa~φc的大小(绝对值)分别是相等的。
下面,参照图2的矢量图,说明图1所示的本发明的一个实施例的动作。图2是将反绕的b相线圈22b和V相线圈22V产生的主磁通φv及φb的方向反转180°后而成-φv及-φb的矢量图。关于相位调整线圈13(参见图4)的相位调整动作与前面所述的相同,此处从略。
通常,若矢量X与矢量Y的夹角为φ,则该二矢量X与Y的差矢量的绝对值|X-Y|可以表为
|X-Y|=(|X|2+|Y|2-2|X||Y|cosφ)1/2……(1)
现在,令各相的主磁通的绝对值为
|φu|=|φv|=|φw|=φN
|φa|=|φb|=|φc|=φS
并取
φM=φS=1.0〔P·U〕
其中,〔P·U〕表示将磁通量单位化以后的数值。
若考虑主变压器1的U相线圈22U产生的主磁通φu与串联变压器11的a相线圈22a产生的主磁通φa的关系,因二者的相位差为30°,所以,根据(1)式,可得差磁通φau的绝对值为
|φau|
=|φu-φa|
=(|φu|2+|φa|2-2|φu|·|φa|cos30°)1/2
=(φ2 M+φ2 S-2φMφScos30°)1/2
=(2-31/2)1/2〔P·U〕
≈0.52〔P·U〕
因此,通过a相线圈22a与U相线圈22U之间的相间铁芯柱34的差磁通φau是通过主铁芯柱33的主磁通φa(或φu)的0.52倍,如果六相铁芯31的厚度与上述H相等,则相间铁芯柱34的宽度D′2约为上述宽度D2的一半就行了。
另外,由于反绕的b相线圈22b的主铁芯柱33中通过主磁通-φb,所以,主磁通φu及-φb之间的相位差同样也是30°,如图2所示。因此,通过U相线圈22U与b相线圈22b之间的相间铁芯柱34的差磁通φub的绝对值也和上述一样,等于0.52〔P·U〕。
如图2所示,由于相邻的各主磁通的关系相等,所以差磁通φbv、φvc和φcw的大小(绝对值)全等于0.52〔P·U〕。于是,六相铁芯31的所有相间铁芯柱34的宽度D′2都可以是主铁芯柱33的宽度D1的0.52倍。
这样,如果适当设定各主磁通的大小φM和φS,则通过各相间铁芯柱34的差磁通的磁通量比通过两侧的任一主铁芯柱33的主磁通少。因此,可使相间铁芯柱34的截面积小于主铁芯柱33,从而可使六相铁芯31体积小,重量轻。
在上述实施例中,说明的是主变压器1的各主磁通的大小φM和串联变压器11的各主磁通的大小φS相等的情况,但是,二者不相等
时也可获得同等的效果。这时,例如,如果取
φM=φS·cos30°
或
φS=φM·cos30°
则各差磁通的大小等于φM或者φS中较大者的0.5倍。图3是取
φM=1.0〔P·U〕
φS=φM·cos30°
=31/2/2〔P·U〕
时的矢量图,各差磁通的大小为0.5〔P·U〕。即,根据(1)式,可得
|φau|=|φub|=|φbv|=|φvc|=|φcw|
=(φ2 M+φ2 S-2φMφScos30°)1/2
=〔1+3/4-2(31/2/2)2〕1/2〔P·U〕
=0.5〔P·U〕
另外,只要相互相邻的主磁通的相位差为30°,则各相线圈的排列和绕向不必限于图1,也可以是其它排列方式。
另外,若在主变压器1的次级线圈3上设置抽头,还可以将主变压器1作为有负载时附加电压调整器的变压器使用。
如上所述,按照本发明,通过设置绕有主变压器及串联变压器的各相线圈的六相铁芯,并使各相线圈排列得使该六相铁芯内相互邻接的各主磁通的相位差为30°,所以,用一台变压器便可构成调相变压器,并且可使通过相邻的各相线圈间的铁芯的相间铁芯柱的差磁通约为主磁通的一半,所以,可以实现体积小,重量轻,价格便宜。
Claims (1)
- 调相变压器具有产生相互有120°相位差的三相主磁通的主变压器和与该主变压器串联连接并产生分别相对上述主磁通有90°相位差的三相主磁通的串联变压器,用以调整三相电力系统加在上述主变压器上的电压的相位,其特征在于:设置有上述主变压器和上述串联变压器的各相线圈绕在其上的六相铁芯,并且上述各相线圈的排列使该六相铁芯内相互相邻的上述各主磁通的相位差为30°。
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JP63201858A JPH0779063B2 (ja) | 1988-08-15 | 1988-08-15 | 位相調整変圧器 |
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-
1988
- 1988-08-15 JP JP63201858A patent/JPH0779063B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-04-15 CN CN89102285A patent/CN1017008B/zh not_active Expired
- 1989-08-07 PT PT91394A patent/PT91394B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-08-08 US US07/390,821 patent/US5003277A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-11 DE DE68917230T patent/DE68917230T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-08-11 EP EP89114983A patent/EP0355023B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1981525B (zh) * | 2004-07-27 | 2010-05-05 | 索尼株式会社 | 信息处理设备和信息处理方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0355023B1 (en) | 1994-08-03 |
DE68917230T2 (de) | 1995-03-16 |
PT91394A (pt) | 1990-03-08 |
PT91394B (pt) | 1995-08-09 |
JPH0251206A (ja) | 1990-02-21 |
CN1040456A (zh) | 1990-03-14 |
US5003277A (en) | 1991-03-26 |
EP0355023A1 (en) | 1990-02-21 |
JPH0779063B2 (ja) | 1995-08-23 |
DE68917230D1 (de) | 1994-09-08 |
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