CN101698855A - Two-tank double-fermentation method of methane and methane tank - Google Patents

Two-tank double-fermentation method of methane and methane tank Download PDF

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CN101698855A
CN101698855A CN200910193632A CN200910193632A CN101698855A CN 101698855 A CN101698855 A CN 101698855A CN 200910193632 A CN200910193632 A CN 200910193632A CN 200910193632 A CN200910193632 A CN 200910193632A CN 101698855 A CN101698855 A CN 101698855A
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methane
tank
fermentation
dual
generating pit
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高云飞
潘俊
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-tank double-fermentation method of methane and a methane tank. The method can transform a traditional one-time fermentation technology into a two-time fermentation technology, degrade raw materials fully and simplify the structure of the methane tank. The invention dispenses with a water inlet and a water outlet of a traditional methane tank, uses a design scuttle as a charge and discharge standby device additionally and prolongs the service life of the methane tank. The methane tank is divided into an upper tank and a lower tank, wherein the upper tank is a dual-purpose tank and is shared by a water pressure chamber and a pre-fermentation chamber; the lower tank is a fermentation tank which is a traditional methane tank. The dual-purpose tank and the methane tank are connected by a top water return hole, the fermentation raw materials of the methane are directly fed into the dual-purpose tank, fermentation for the first time is realized at a dual-property state, then the hydrolyzed raw materials enter the methane tank and carry out anaerobic fermentation along with the change of water pressure, and a double-fermentation process is completed.

Description

A kind of two pond double-fermentation method and methane-generating pits of biogas
Technical field
The present invention relates to two pond double-fermentation method and the methane-generating pits that a kind of organic waste anaerobically fermenting prepares the technology and the device, particularly a kind of biogas of biogas.
Background technology
At present in the general methane-generating pit in China rural area, based on the residents methane-generating pit, account for the overwhelming majority of quantity, methane-generating pit is in the effect in rural area, methane-generating pit can be handled organic waste on the one hand and produce bioenergy, and the ight soil that the livestock industry of can fermenting on the other hand produces is organic fertilizer, can completely include the pollutent that influences in the rural environment in the methane-generating pit anaerobic degradation and conversion simultaneously, have the effect that beautifies ecotope, thereby biogas has become the gordian technique of new countryside construction.The general residents methane-generating pit that uses has 6m3,8m3 and three kinds of forms of 10m3 in China rural area.The principle that China's methane-generating pit uses mainly is the hydraulic type fermentation technique, the biogas air pressure that produces when anaerobically fermenting is during greater than hydraulic pressure, the space of water is taken by biogas, when biogas air pressure during less than hydraulic pressure, water flows to air chamber, and the balance of formation hydraulic pressure and air pressure, thereby make the pressure of biogas keep constant relatively.The GB/T4750-1984 " rural area family expenses hydraulic type biomass pool standard collective drawings " that China Standard Press in 1984 has published State Bureau of Standardization's issue has proposed the structure of methane-generating pit, be shaped as circle or sphere, be provided with opening for feed, discharge port, sweathouse, gas tank, removable cover, airway, discharge room dual-purpose ager, therefore be referred to as hydraulic type biomass pool.China Standard Press in 2002 have published middle proposition of GB/T4750-2002 " domestic methane tank standard collective drawings " " meander cloth methane-generating pit " of national quality supervision and inspection quarantine office issue, be characterized in tilting to discharge port by opening for feed at the bottom of the pond, be provided with drapery panel in the bottom surface, pond, make fermentation raw material curved mobile, increase diffusingsurface, prolonged the running of fermentation raw material.The Qiu Ling of Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology of scientific and technical literature press publication in 2007 has narrated " revolving-flow methane-generating pit " in " garden biogas High-efficient Production and utilization " book, be characterized in, the circular arc type flow deflector that radius-of-curvature of construction is 5D/8 on pond, the end cuts off input and output material, make the pond raw material under the guide functions of flow deflector, must could arrive the bottom of circulation tube and dreg-drawing pipe along the flow deflector turn, thereby the flow path and the residence time of pit entry fermentation raw material have been prolonged, and the Qiu Ling of Xibei Univ. of Agricultural ﹠ Forest Science ﹠ Technology has also proposed Chinese patent ZL97243731.2 " revolving-flow automated cycle methane-generating pit ", and the revolving-flow methane-generating pit has been carried out technical description.
The type of above methane-generating pit is China's general popularization standard at present, adopts in fermentation and once feeds intake mixed fermentation.The pre-treatment and the pre-fermentation stage that do not have raw material.The adjusting of biogas pressure is the hydraulic pressure regulation and control.
Several methane-generating pits that these main flows are promoted the use of, build and use in following shortcoming is arranged: 1. an opening for feed, a water outlet hold concurrently water pressure house, a removable cover need be set, have three openings altogether, the construction of three openings need design and construct, required expense is about about 1/3 of total cost, if the minimizing number of openings may reduce cost and save material; 2. fermentation is mixed fermentation, does not have the pre-fermentation stage of raw material, even pre-fermentation stage is arranged, microbe inoculation effectively, exist raw material handle poor, the thorough problem of fermentation; 3. because the opening for feed floor area of building is little, the opening for feed gradient is little or when biogas air pressure was big, opening for feed blocked up full water, can cause that charging is floating, charging is difficult to be blocked phenomenon into pond, charging, like this charging be caused inconvenience, even can not charging.Raw material is gone into the pond and pre-fermentation problem is one of gordian technique of biogas fermentation so solve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new biogas fermentation technology, both the two fermentation techniques in two ponds.Two fermenting spaces are built in two ponds exactly, and one is that one is sweathouse between raw materials pretreatment and hydraulic pressure combination.So-called two fermentation is exactly a fermenting twice, once is the fermentation of raw material, is facultative, based on anaerobism, has aerobic fermenting raw materials process concurrently; One is absolute anaerobic marsh gas fermentation processes.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of two pond double-fermentation method and methane-generating pits.
Content of the present invention comprises the two ferment biomass pools of two pond double-fermentation methods and two ponds.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
Raw material is agricultural crop straw, human excrement, feces of livestock and poultry, and other agricultural organic waste, but can not contain the inorganic substance that stone, soil, washing composition, metal plate etc. can not digest.The agricultural crop straw chopping, can not be longer than 300mm, input stalk cumulative volume can not be more than 1/3 of input cumulative volume, and input ight soil is preferably based on fresh, the input amount of excrement sewage can not be less than 2/3, and the dried content that makes organic substance in the fermented liquid is about in the of 8%.
Methane-generating pit is divided into two ponds up and down, and upper storage reservoir is the dual-purpose pond, is that water pressure house and pre-sweathouse are public, and the present invention is referred to as the dual-purpose pond; Lower storage reservoir is a fermentation vat, is a traditional methane-generating pit.
Raw material is rendered in the top dual-purpose pond, because the dual-purpose pond also is a water pressure house, natural pond liquid, natural pond slag, raw material three coexist in the space in the dual-purpose pond, and mix and stirring action along with the change of hydraulic pressure produces, owing to communicate with ambient atmosphere, so exist the part aerobic state, the fermentative action of carrying out is facultative fermentation in this case, and raw material can carry out enzymolysis under this facultative state, make macromolecular cpd be decomposed into micromolecular compound, be decomposed into the precursor substance of methane again.And this fermentation stage is not need anaerobic, and facultative state helps pre-fermentation, and owing to have a large amount of natural pond liquid, natural pond slag to inoculate effect fully, makes pre-fermentation efficiency improve.
The two ferment biomass pools in two ponds of the present invention comprise that with the lower section upper storage reservoir is dual-purpose pond, removable cover inlet and outlet system, methane-generating pit main body; Specifically by dual-purpose pond 1, methane-generating pit 2, skylight 3, input and output material standby pipes 4, biogas metal tube 5, dual-purpose pond exterior wall 6, water hole 7 is returned on the top and people's walking along the street 8 is formed.
The removable cover inlet and outlet system comprises skylight 3 and input and output material standby pipes 4, is when not using dual-purpose pond 1, the redundant system of raw material and treating water turnover.This invention has been cancelled the water-in and the water inlet pipe of traditional methane tank, adopt removable cover inlet and outlet system Inlet and outlet water, input and output material standby pipes 4 is the cement pipe that connect skylight 3 and methane-generating pit 2, pipeline section is directly deeply to methane-generating pit bottom central authorities, bore 300mm, unimpeded for making input and output material, the inclined-plane of 45 ° of inclinationes is made at the pipe end, also can manage the end and open 200 * 200mm opening, so that feed and exhaust tube 4 keeps good connection state with methane-generating pit 2 main bodys.
Methane-generating pit 2 main bodys are the closed tank bodies of a spherical, divide three parts, i.e. methane-generating pit episphere, methane-generating pit right cylinder, methane-generating pit lower semisphere.When if upper and lower hemispheres is inconvenient to build, can use the trapezoid cross section body.The construction basically identical of this methane-generating pit and traditional hydraulic type biomass pool, this methane-generating pit need not to build conventional water-in and water outlet.
Methane-generating pit 2 loam cakes are traditional hydraulic type biomass pool skylight 3 double discharging standby pipes 4 that are installed into, and its sealing method is the same with traditional methane tank.3 next doors plug the initial joint of a metal biogas pipe 5 as biogas in feed-pipe in the skylight.
Dual-purpose of the present invention pond comprises: water hole 7 is returned on dual-purpose pond 1 and top, and dual-purpose pond 1 is used for input and output material and water pressure house, has charging, discharging, water pressure house function, so be called the dual-purpose pond.Dual-purpose pond 1 is the pond of extending on methane-generating pit 2 right cylinder walls, and diameter is the same with the methane-generating pit right cylinder, highly is the last sagitta and the skylight height sum of methane-generating pit.But the building in dual-purpose pond 1 is 3/4 round pool, stays 1/4 and is people's walking along the street 8, passes in and out, observes methane-generating pit with the person who happens to be on hand for an errand, and methane-generating pit 2 is carried out various operations.It is the passages that connect methane-generating pit 2 and dual-purpose pond 1 that water hole 7 is returned on the top, and this methane-generating pit adopts the top to return the water design, with the pressure adjusting hydraulic pressure of biogas.It is the pipes that diameter is 300mm that water hole 7 is returned on the top, and design height is methane-generating pit 2 cylindrical 1/2 places, pushes up the length of returning water hole 7 like this and is about 700mm, and the position that water hole 7 is returned on the top is on the opposite of dual-purpose pond 1 people's walking along the street 8, and both the middle of dual-purpose pond 1 located.So that management and turnover feed liquid.
The present invention can produce following beneficial effect.
1. changing traditional one time fermentation technology is the Secondary Fermentation technology, and raw material can fully be degraded.
2. biomass pool structure is simple, can reducing the construction costs, and the intake-outlet of cancellation traditional methane tank has increased skylight input and output material stand-by plant, has prolonged the function and the life-span of methane-generating pit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is techniqueflow of the present invention and working method (see figure 1);
The overall construction drawing (see figure 2) that Fig. 2 implements for methane-generating pit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view (see figure 3) of methane-generating pit among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is another construction mode of the present invention (Fig. 4).
Embodiment
The invention discloses the two pond double-fermentation methods and the methane-generating pit technology of biogas, employed raw material must be the rural area organic waste, for example stalk, ight soil, swill, food residuum, biological sewage, can not contain stone, metal, washing composition, soil etc., so that guarantee the sustainable performance of fermentation, can not accumulate precipitation.
From the two pond double-fermentation methods of Fig. 1 and the technical process of methane-generating pit technology, the agricultural crop straw chopping, can not be longer than 300mm, input stalk cumulative volume can not be more than 1/3 of input cumulative volume, input ight soil is preferably based on fresh, the input amount of excrement sewage can not be less than 2/3, and the dry weight content of organic substance is about in the of 8% in the fermented liquid.
So-called two fermentation is exactly to ferment twice, be facultative fermentation for the first time, it is the facultative fermenting process that in dual-purpose pond 1, carries out, the consequently mixing of raw material, pre-treatment, predecomposition be degraded to the process of micromolecular compound from biomacromolecule, this is the process of a facultative aerobic formation methane precursor.Fermentation is an anaerobically fermenting for the second time, is the process that micromolecular compound is converted into methane of carrying out in methane-generating pit 2.Two processes are separated, and are because two processes are by the micro-flora effect with different ecological position, distinguish two processes and help the mutual enrichment of two bacterioids and play a role respectively.So the present invention is referred to as two fermentation techniques and application thereof.
In biogas two pond double-fermentation methods disclosed by the invention and the methane-generating pit technology, build supporting methane-generating pit in order to implement this Technology Need, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The invention belongs to ecological energy type biogas utilization pattern, natural pond liquid after the processing and natural pond slag can be used for fertilizer or breed fish.Building materials varies in size according to methane-generating pit, adopts different concrete structures.
Methane-generating pit volume calculation method of the present invention, overall shape is a cylinder chop type, establishing methane-generating pit 2 volumes is V (cubic meter), ρ is radius-of-curvature (rice), f rise (rice), and H is methane-generating pit 2 cylinder bay wall height (rice), D is pond interior diameter (rice), and R is pond inside radius (rice), and the skylight height is h.
So, methane-generating pit right cylinder V1=π R 2H,
The radius-of-curvature of chop housing is ρ=(4f at the bottom of Chi Gai and the pond 2+ D 2)/8f,
The volume of then chopping at the bottom of Chi Gai and the pond is respectively V=π f 2(3 ρ-f)/3, V=V2+V3,
Methane-generating pit 2 cumulative volumes are V=V1+V2+V3,
The volume V4=[3 π R in dual-purpose pond 1 2(f1+h)-π f1 2(3 ρ 1-f1)]/4
Table 1 circulation cloth methane-generating pit geometrical dimension (rice)
Figure G2009101936323D0000041
Methane-generating pit of the present invention is mainly residents, and volume is difficult for too big.Application is that organic sewage emission treatment such as peasant household, small-sized plant, small food source mill produce the biogas use.
Input and output material standby pipes 4 is shared with removable cover skylight 3, and the present invention establishes independent intake-outlet, and skylight 3 is that internal diameter is the rectangle that 1 meter the circle or the length of side are 1 meter, its design and mode of construction consistent with traditional hydraulic type biomass pool (as Fig. 2).Skylight 3 central authorities are provided with an input and output material standby pipes 4, the input and output material standby pipes is a concrete duct that internal diameter is 300mm, highly be (H+f1+f2), so concrete duct reaches the methane-generating pit lowermost end, the side is opened angle or is 200 * 200mm in the lateral opening size, and input and output material standby pipes 4 is placed into the methane-generating pit center, has formed incorporate skylight/standby charging/discharging device, this system is standby, adopts when not adopting two fermentation.As seen, the present invention has cancelled water-in, water inlet pipe and the water outlet of traditional methane tank, adopts the standby input and output material in skylight, and input and output material uses center tube.
Biogas metal tube 5 positions of methane-generating pit of the present invention are provided with a biogas pipe at methane-generating pit loam cake convex position, are metal biogas pipes that is plugged in skylight 3 or methane-generating pit 2 air chamber tops, and this metal tube has constituted the initial joint of biogas.
Methane-generating pit 2 main bodys are a right cylinder and the sealing cement pit of each hemisphere combination up and down, are gastight tank structures, and the data structure of methane-generating pit 2 right cylinders and upper and lower hemispheres sees Table 1, and is consistent with traditional hydraulic type biomass pool.Any current deflecting device is not established in methane-generating pit 2 right cylinder inside.
Methane-generating pit 2 returns water hole 7 with being connected of dual-purpose pond 1 by the top and realizes, it is the pipes that diameter is 300mm that water hole 7 is returned on the top, design height is methane-generating pit 2 cylindrical 1/2 places, pushing up the length of returning water hole 7 like this is 700mm, the position that water hole 7 is returned on the top is on the opposite of dual-purpose pond 1 people's walking along the street 8, and both the middle of dual-purpose pond 1 located.So that management and turnover feed liquid.On methane-generating pit 2 tops are dual- purpose ponds 1, and 1 in dual-purpose pond builds 3/4, stays 1/4 position behaviour walking along the street 8 (Fig. 3).The height in dual-purpose pond 1 is f1+h, and h is skylight 3 height, and general general skylight height is 300mm, so dual-purpose pond volume (h=300mm) is shown in Table 1.
The construction in dual-purpose pond 1 is exactly a concrete placing outer wall on methane-generating pit 2 right cylinders, reaches with till the methane-generating pit skylight is concordant, and building volume is 3/4, stays 1/4 to be people's walking along the street 8, if do not establish people's walking along the street 8, and possible operation inconvenience (Fig. 2).

Claims (2)

1. two pond double-fermentation method and methane-generating pits of a biogas, it comprises builds the two ferment biomass pools in two ponds, and the intake-outlet of cancellation traditional methane tank, increased and used the design skylight to make the input and output material stand-by plant, the methane-generating pit of being built is divided into two ponds up and down, and upper storage reservoir is facultative aerobic dual-purpose pond, is that water pressure house and pre-sweathouse are shared, lower storage reservoir is absolute anaerobism marsh gas fermentation pool, and the dual-purpose pond is returned the water hole with methane-generating pit by the top and is connected.
2. according to claims 1 described building method of methane tank, it is characterized in that, the biogas fermentation raw material is directly put in the dual-purpose pond, under facultative good oxygen condition, realized fermentation for the first time, then along with the motion of hydraulic pressure, the raw material of hydrolysis enters methane-generating pit and carries out anaerobically fermenting, thereby has realized two fermenting processs, and having changed traditional one time fermentation technology is the Secondary Fermentation technology.
CN200910193632A 2009-11-05 2009-11-05 Two-tank double-fermentation method of methane and methane tank Pending CN101698855A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104480006A (en) * 2015-01-22 2015-04-01 张伟伟 Efficient methane generation system communicated with fermentation area to promote flow stirring
CN105779274A (en) * 2016-03-04 2016-07-20 罗显平 Adit type methane-generating pit and method for treating black-odor urban river with same

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104480006A (en) * 2015-01-22 2015-04-01 张伟伟 Efficient methane generation system communicated with fermentation area to promote flow stirring
CN104480006B (en) * 2015-01-22 2016-01-20 张伟伟 Be communicated with fermentation zone and promote the high-efficiency methane generation systems that flowing is stirred
CN105779274A (en) * 2016-03-04 2016-07-20 罗显平 Adit type methane-generating pit and method for treating black-odor urban river with same

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