CN101697259A - Map and surface roughness digitalization method for micro site selection of wind power station - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a map and surface roughness digitalization method for micro site selection of a wind power station, which can be widely applied to regions in which digitalized topographic maps cannot be directly acquired. The method comprises the following steps: (1) scanning an original map; (2) determining a coordinate of a raster image; (3) capturing and digitalizing contour lines; (4) downloading a satellite observation image; (5) determining a coordinate of the satellite observation image; (6) topologically synthesizing the satellite observation image and the digitized contour lines; and (7) determining the surface roughness, wherein the surface roughness is determined by referring to the satellite observation image, the satellite observation image is used as a background of a vector contour topographic map, the coordinates of the satellite observation image and the vector contour topographic map are same, the graphs of the satellite observation image and the vector contour topographic map are completely overlapped and the accuracy of the surface roughness is guaranteed. The method can accurately reflect the current morphosequent condition by combining the satellite observation image to determine the surface roughness in the process of digitalizing the map, overcomes the error caused by utilizing the original map legend to determine the surface roughness in the conventional map digitalization method, and is favorable for improving the accuracy of micro site selection of the wind power station.

Description

The map and the roughness of ground surface digitizing solution that are used for the addressing of wind energy turbine set microcosmic

Technical field

The invention belongs to wind energy turbine set planning technology field, specifically is a kind of method that obtains wind energy turbine set planning and the needed digital terrain figure of microcosmic addressing.

Background technology

The energy is that human society exists and the material base that develops.In past more than 200 year, the energy system that is based upon on the fossil fuel bases such as coal, oil, rock gas has greatly promoted the development of human society ground, but has also brought huge problem of environmental pollution.And wind energy is a kind of cleaning, non-pollution of renewable energy.China be in the world wind energy resources than one of country of horn of plenty, national average wind power density distribution figure according to China Meterological Science Research Institute's drafting, the wind energy total reserves of China's land 10m height layer is 32.26 hundred million kW, actual developable wind energy content is 2.53 hundred million kW, the wind energy resources developed of coastal waters wind field is land 3 times, in view of the above, the developable wind energy resources of China is about 1,000,000,000 kW, and wind-power electricity generation is gathered around in China and had broad application prospects.According to National Development and Reform Committee's planning, China's wind-powered electricity generation installation object of planning the year two thousand twenty reaches 3,000 ten thousand kW, may surpass nuclear power after the year two thousand thirty, and the year two thousand forty surpasses water power.Therefore the planning and the microcosmic addressing of wind energy turbine set seem very important.

Obtaining and planning to build wind energy turbine set zone digit topomap is the prerequisite and the basis of carrying out wind energy turbine set planning, and the external at present method that adopts generally is directly to buy digital terrain figure from correlative study mechanism and channel.And domestic many wind energy turbine set zone does not have digital terrain figure at present, and the addressing of wind energy turbine set microcosmic needs the roughness of ground surface information on the topomap, but existing many topography mappings are of the remote past, morphosequent on the topomap and current actual conditions have had a great difference, carry out digitizing according to the legend on the topomap and determine that roughness of ground surface will certainly bring very big error.And usually moonscope figure takes pictures to handle according to nearest satellite and obtains, and can accurately reflect current morphosequent situation.

Summary of the invention

Technical matters: the engineering actual conditions that the present invention is directed to the addressing of domestic wind energy turbine set microcosmic, be not inconsistent the roughness of ground surface error that causes for overcoming the traditional map digitizing solution because of actual morphosequent and The Key to Maps, propose a kind of map and roughness of ground surface digitizing solution that is used for the addressing of wind energy turbine set microcosmic, can be widely used in directly to obtain the zone of digital terrain figure.

Technical scheme: map and the roughness of ground surface digitizing solution that is used for the addressing of wind energy turbine set microcosmic provided by the invention may further comprise the steps:

1) original map scanning: original map is scanned generating raster image;

2) the raster image coordinate is determined: according to the coordinate system of original map mark, select at least three reference mark, input plane rectangular coordinate on raster image;

3) level line is caught and digitizing: utilize map digitizing software to catch level line automatically and carry out digitizing, perhaps man-machine interaction is manually caught level line and is carried out digitizing, and composes property value for every level line;

4) moonscope figure downloads: the coordinate system of original map is converted to the WGS-84 coordinate system, utilizes the moonscope figure of the map reference institute corresponding region under the GoogleEarth software download WGS-84 coordinate system;

5) moonscope figure coordinate is determined: select at least three reference mark on moonscope figure, the planimetric rectangular coordinates under the input original map coordinate system;

6) the isocontour topology of moonscope figure and digitizing is synthetic: with moonscope figure as a setting figure add in the digitizing hypsographic map;

7) determining of roughness of ground surface: different topography and geomorphology among the moonscope figure that distinguishes, classifies, in the digitizing hypsographic map, describe roughness curve, the inside and outside roughness length of roughness curve enclosing region is set, the output vector file.In step (7), figure determines roughness of ground surface with reference to moonscope, and moonscope figure is as the background of vector hypsographic map, and both coordinates are identical, and figure is overlapping fully, guarantees the accuracy of roughness of ground surface.

Beneficial effect: the invention has the beneficial effects as follows, in the map digitizing process, determine roughness of ground surface in conjunction with moonscope figure, can accurately reflect current morphosequent situation, overcome in the traditional map digitizing solution and utilized the original map legend to determine the error that roughness of ground surface causes, helped improving the precision of wind energy turbine set microcosmic addressing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is map and the roughness of ground surface digitizing solution process flow diagram that is used for the addressing of wind energy turbine set microcosmic, and wherein part is the core content of this patent in the frame of broken lines.

Embodiment

Below with reference to accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.

1) original map scanning: collect hypsographic map, original map is scanned generating raster image;

In this process, the topomap excessive to map sheet if can't carry out entire scan, can be divided into several sections with topomap and scan separately.

2) the raster image coordinate is determined: according to the coordinate system of original map mark, select at least three reference mark, input plane rectangular coordinate on raster image;

For determining the coordinate information of digital terrain figure, at least need in map, choose three reference mark and input plane rectangular coordinate (Gauss projection), consider generally the reference mark to be chosen on the intersection point of meridian and latitude line for simple, then the output vector map file.

3) level line is caught and digitizing: utilize map digitizing software to catch level line automatically and carry out digitizing, perhaps man-machine interaction is manually caught level line and is carried out digitizing, and composes property value for every level line;

Can utilize software to carry out the topomap digitizing automatically in theory, but, further descend through scan resolution, so can only manually carry out digitizing for map of the remote past.Every isocontour track in the topomap utilizes mouse to describe every level line.Can on level line, mark key point, then these key points are linked to be straight line, need to mark some points to improve precision more in the bigger place of level line flexibility.At last, be each bar level line mark sea level elevation, sea level elevation information can obtain in the papery topomap.

4) moonscope figure downloads: the coordinate system of original map is converted to the WGS-84 coordinate system, utilizes the moonscope figure of the map reference institute corresponding region under the GoogleEarth software download WGS-84 coordinate system;

The national terrestrial coordinate that uses in China's surveying work is Beijing 54 coordinate systems and Xi'an 80 coordinate systems at present, and Google Earth use is the WGS-84 coordinate system, so need be the coordinate under the WGS-84 coordinate system with the coordinate conversion under 54 coordinate systems of the Beijing in the topomap and Xi'an 80 coordinate systems, in Google Earth, import latitude and longitude coordinates then, intercepting and the moonscope figure that intends carrying out digitized topomap same area.Google Earth map can cover domestic overwhelming majority zone, and precision can satisfy the needs of microcosmic addressing.

For of the conversion of Beijing 54 coordinate systems, can directly utilize seven parameter models to the WGS-84 coordinate system

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{X}_{54}\\ Y_{54}\\ Z_{54}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{X}_{84}\\ Y_{84}\\ Z_{84}\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{\Δx}\\ \mathrm{\Δy}\\ \mathrm{\Δz}\end{array}\right]+k\left[\begin{array}{c}{X}_{84}\\ Y_{84}\\ Z_{84}\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0& -{\mathrm{\Ω}}_z& -{\mathrm{\Ω}}_y\\ -{\mathrm{\Ω}}_z& 0& {\mathrm{\Ω}}_x\\ {\mathrm{\Ω}}_y& -{\mathrm{\Ω}}_x& 0\end{array}\right]\left[\begin{array}{c}{X}_{84}\\ Y_{84}\\ Z_{84}\end{array}\right]---\left(1\right)$

Wherein, seven parameters of model are respectively

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{\Ω}}_x={\mathrm{\Ω}}_y=0,{\mathrm{\Ω}}_z\≈{(2.686\×{10}^{-6})}^{\′\′}\\ \mathrm{\Δx}=-28.3m,\mathrm{\Δy}=1449m,\mathrm{\Δz}\≈77.5m\\ k\≈2.26\×{10}^{-7}\end{array}\right.$

For of the conversion of Xi'an 80 coordinate systems to the WGS-84 coordinate system, can be converted to Beijing 54 coordinate systems earlier, be converted to the WGS-84 coordinate system again, wherein Xi'an 80 coordinate systems are to adopting the Bursa-Wolf model for Beijing 54 origin coordinate system transform

${\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]}_{80}=(1+m){\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]}_{54}+\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0& {\text{\ϵ}}_z& -{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_y\\ -{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_z& 0& {\mathrm{\ϵ}}_x\\ {\mathrm{\ϵ}}_y& -{\mathrm{\ϵ}}_x& 0\end{array}\right]{\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]}_{54}+\mathrm{\Δ}\left[\begin{array}{c}{X}_0\\ Y_0\\ Z_0\end{array}\right]---\left(2\right)$

Δ X in the formula (2) ₀, Δ Y ₀, Δ Z ₀Be three translation parameterss, ε _x, ε _y, ε _zBe three rotation parameters, m is the dimensional variation parameter.

5) moonscope figure coordinate is determined: select at least three reference mark on moonscope figure, the planimetric rectangular coordinates under the input original map coordinate system;

Any three angles of choosing moonscope figure are as the reference mark, with the reference mark coordinate of intending carrying out under the corresponding input of digitized topomap Beijing 54 coordinate systems or Xi'an 80 coordinate systems.

6) the isocontour topology of moonscope figure and digitizing is synthetic: with moonscope figure as a setting figure add in the digitizing hypsographic map;

7) determining of roughness of ground surface: different topography and geomorphology among the moonscope figure that distinguishes, classifies, in the digitizing hypsographic map, describe roughness curve, the inside and outside roughness length of roughness curve enclosing region is set, the output vector file.

Determining of different surface landforms roughness grade number and roughness length numerical value can reference table 1.

Table 1 different surface landforms roughness length numerical value and roughness grade number

Roughness grade number	Roughness length/m	Energy index (%)	Face of land class shape
				??0	??0.0002	??100	The water surface
??0.5	??0.0024	??73	The open fully landform face of land is smooth, as the airport concrete track, and the meadow of cutting

Roughness grade number	Roughness length/m	Energy index (%)	Face of land class shape
				??1	??0.03	??52	Open rural area does not have fence and hedgerow, and very fragmentary house is arranged, and slow circular massif is arranged
??1.5	??0.055	??45	The farmland, it is 1250 meters the shrub zone that keeps out the wind that some houses and 8 meters high spacings are arranged
				??2	??0.1	??39	The farmland, it is 500 meters the shrub zone that keeps out the wind that some houses and 8 meters high spacings are arranged.
??2.5	??0.2	??31	There are many houses, shrub in the farmland, or 8 meters high spacings are arranged is 250 meters the shrub zone that keeps out the wind
				??3	??0.4	??24	There is very coarse and uneven zone, the many high shrub zone that keeps out the wind, forest and faces of land in the village
??3.5	??0.8	??18	The many high buildingss of big city municipalization
				??4	??1.6	??13	There are high-lager building and skyscraper in very large city

Map and roughness of ground surface digitized process with the Northeast China wind energy turbine set are the specific implementation process that example illustrates above-mentioned steps:

1) collects hypsographic map, topomap is scanned;

As can be seen from the figure this topomap was taken photo by plane in nineteen fifty-five, was surveyed and drawn in 1962, apart from of the remote past now.

2) this map adopts Beijing 54 coordinate systems, chooses three reference mark, for ease of operation, is selected in warp and parallel intersection point place, input reference mark coordinate, and the planimetric rectangular coordinates at reference mark can read from figure, and saves as polar plot.

3) utilize map digitizing software (such as R2V), draw a contour line, and mark isocontour sea level elevation.

4) seven parameter models that utilize formula (1) become coordinate under the WGS-84 coordinate system with the topomap coordinate conversion under 54 coordinate systems of Beijing, utilize the moonscope figure of the map reference institute corresponding region under the Google Earth software download WGS-84 coordinate system.

5) moonscope figure is selected the reference mark, input reference mark coordinate.Three reference mark can be chosen on three angles of map, and three reference mark coordinates are the coordinate under 54 coordinate systems of Beijing, input reference mark coordinate.

6) use assistant software (such as WAsP) with moonscope figure as a setting figure add in the digitizing hypsographic map.

7) different topography and geomorphology among the corresponding moonscope figure is described roughness curve and roughness length is set in Vector Topographic Map, the output vector file obtains final digital terrain figure.To the classification of landform roughness with define and to carry out by reference table 1.

Claims (2)

1. a map and roughness of ground surface digitizing solution that is used for the addressing of wind energy turbine set microcosmic, step comprises:

1) original map scanning: original map is scanned generating raster image;

2) the raster image coordinate is determined: according to the coordinate system of original map mark, select at least three reference mark, input plane rectangular coordinate on raster image;

3) level line is caught and digitizing: utilize map digitizing software to catch level line automatically and carry out digitizing, perhaps man-machine interaction is manually caught level line and is carried out digitizing, and composes property value for every level line;

4) moonscope figure downloads: the coordinate system of original map is converted to the WGS-84 coordinate system, utilizes the moonscope figure of the map reference institute corresponding region under the GoogleEarth software download WGS-84 coordinate system;

5) moonscope figure coordinate is determined: select at least three reference mark on moonscope figure, the planimetric rectangular coordinates under the input original map coordinate system;

6) the isocontour topology of moonscope figure and digitizing is synthetic: with moonscope figure as a setting figure add in the digitizing hypsographic map;

7) determining of roughness of ground surface: different topography and geomorphology among the moonscope figure that distinguishes, classifies, in the digitizing hypsographic map, describe roughness curve, the inside and outside roughness length of roughness curve enclosing region is set, the output vector file.

2. map according to claim 1 and roughness of ground surface digitizing solution, it is characterized in that, in step (7), figure determines roughness of ground surface with reference to moonscope, and moonscope figure is as the background of vector hypsographic map, both coordinates are identical, and figure is overlapping fully, guarantee the accuracy of roughness of ground surface.

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