CN101695077A - Method, system and equipment for deployment of operating system of virtual machine - Google Patents

Method, system and equipment for deployment of operating system of virtual machine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN101695077A
CN101695077A CN200910235300A CN200910235300A CN101695077A CN 101695077 A CN101695077 A CN 101695077A CN 200910235300 A CN200910235300 A CN 200910235300A CN 200910235300 A CN200910235300 A CN 200910235300A CN 101695077 A CN101695077 A CN 101695077A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
virtual machine
point
operating system
server
host
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN200910235300A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
邵宗有
聂华
历军
孙国忠
樊兴军
崔建伟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dawning Information Industry Beijing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Dawning Information Industry Beijing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dawning Information Industry Beijing Co Ltd filed Critical Dawning Information Industry Beijing Co Ltd
Priority to CN200910235300A priority Critical patent/CN101695077A/en
Publication of CN101695077A publication Critical patent/CN101695077A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Stored Programmes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method, a system and equipment for deployment of an operating system of a virtual machine. The method includes following steps that a template virtual machine operating system image is created, a server obtains the template virtual machine operating system image and starts a point-to-point transmission protocol, and a to-be-deployed virtual machine obtains the template virtual machine operating system image through the point-to-point transmission protocol. The method, the system and the equipment for deployment of an operating system of a virtual machine greatly increase efficiency of bass deployment of operating systems of virtual machines.

Description

A kind of allocating operating system method, system and equipment of virtual machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of computer technology, relate more specifically to the allocating operating system technology of virtual machine.
Background technology
Existing virtualization software provides the deploying virtual machine method, and for example virtualization software VMware has following steps when disposing virtual machine:
Create virtual machine;
Be the virtual machine installing operating system;
Make template by virtual machine;
The template clone is virtual machine.
Above-mentioned method by template deployment virtual machine can improve the deployment efficient of virtual machine to a certain extent, but because virtual machine template all is to be obtained by server end, if many (as 100) virtual machines are arranged need be disposed, all virtual machines all need be by the template clone of server end, obviously it is unpractical allowing these 100 virtual machines begin simultaneously to dispose, and can not raise the efficiency even begin simultaneously also to be limited to the transmitting capacity of server end.
Therefore, need a kind of deploying virtual machine scheme rapidly and efficiently at present.
Summary of the invention
In order one of to address the above problem, the present invention proposes the allocating operating system method of a kind virtual machine, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: create model VME operating system mirror image; Server obtains described model VME operating system mirror image and starts point-to-point host-host protocol; Virtual machine to be disposed obtains described model VME operating system mirror image by described point-to-point transmission agreement from described server.
According to embodiments of the invention, the step of described startup of server point-to-point transmission agreement also comprises: described startup of server dynamic host allocation protocol, file transfer protocol (FTP), mirror back-up of data instrument, point-to-point transmission protocol data Exchange Service, point-to-point transmission agreement seed file write service.
According to embodiments of the invention, virtual machine to be disposed comprises from the step that described server obtains described model VME operating system mirror image by described point-to-point transmission agreement: start virtual machine to be disposed, and virtual machine described to be disposed is set to the network interface card startup; Virtual machine described to be disposed obtains Internet protocol IP address by described network interface card; Virtual machine described to be disposed utilizes file transfer protocol (FTP) to download the kernel of support point to a host-host protocol and mirror back-up of data instrument on described server; Virtual machine described to be disposed use described mirror back-up of data instrument on described server download point to a host-host protocol seed file; Virtual machine activation point-to-point transmission agreement described to be disposed is downloaded described model VME operating system mirror image from described server.
According to embodiments of the invention, also comprise after the step of described startup of server point-to-point transmission agreement: described startup of server monitor service is used to monitor the progress that virtual machine described to be disposed carries out allocating operating system.
According to embodiments of the invention, described point-to-point transmission agreement comprises the BitTorrent host-host protocol.
According to embodiments of the invention, the step of creating model VME operating system mirror image comprises: create the model virtual machine; Be described model virtual machine installing operating system; Be described model virtual machine installation data mirror back-up instrument.
The invention allows for a kind of allocating operating system system of virtual machine, described system comprises model virtual machine, server and virtual machine to be disposed.Wherein, described model virtual machine is used to generate model VME operating system mirror image; Described server is used to obtain described model VME operating system mirror image and starts point-to-point host-host protocol; Virtual machine described to be disposed is used for obtaining described model VME operating system mirror image by described point-to-point transmission agreement from described server.
The invention allows for a kind of server, comprise acquisition module and start module.Wherein, described acquisition module is used to obtain model VME operating system mirror image; Described startup module is used to start point-to-point host-host protocol.
According to embodiments of the invention, described startup module is used to start dynamic host allocation protocol, file transfer protocol (FTP), mirror back-up of data instrument, point-to-point transmission protocol data Exchange Service, point-to-point transmission agreement seed file and writes service.
According to embodiments of the invention, described server also comprises monitoring module, and it is used to monitor the progress that virtual machine described to be disposed carries out allocating operating system.
According to embodiments of the invention, described point-to-point transmission agreement comprises the BitTorrent host-host protocol.
Allocating operating system method, system and the equipment of virtual machine proposed by the invention adopt point-to-point transmission means, made full use of the network bandwidth, make and the deployment parallelization of Virtual Cluster operating system greatly improved the efficient that VME operating system is disposed in batches.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of VME operating system dispositions method according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of model virtual machine according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 obtains the schematic diagram of the operating system mirror image of model virtual machine for server according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of VME operating system deployment system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings.Below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings is exemplary, only is used to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the flow chart of VME operating system dispositions method 100 according to an embodiment of the invention, this method 100 comprises:
S101: create model VME operating system mirror image.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, this step can comprise: create model virtual machine (or claiming template processing machine) and be its installing operating system, and installation data mirror back-up instrument.Be illustrated in figure 2 as the schematic diagram of model virtual machine according to an embodiment of the invention, as one embodiment of the present of invention, the mirror back-up of data instrument can comprise the mirror back-up of data instrument RSYNC under the class Unix system.
S102: server obtains model VME operating system mirror image and starts point-to-point host-host protocol.
Be illustrated in figure 3 as the schematic diagram that server according to an embodiment of the invention obtains the operating system mirror image, wherein, the model virtual machine communicates by switch-to-server.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, the point-to-point transmission agreement can comprise BitTorrent (or claiming BT) host-host protocol.Certainly, in other embodiment, also can adopt other point-to-point transmission agreements that is fit to, as ED (eDonkey) etc.
In the above-described embodiments, the step of startup of server point-to-point transmission agreement can comprise: the enabling address distributorship agreement, as DHCPD (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol dynamic host allocation protocol), be used to each virtual machine for the treatment of the deployment operation system to distribute a temporary ip address; Startup file host-host protocol such as TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP) are used for to virtual machine transmission kernel herein; Log-on data mirror back-up instrument as RSYNC (the mirror back-up of data instrument under the class unix system), is used for the seed file to virtual machine transmission BT; Start point-to-point transmission protocol data Exchange Service,, be used for the assitance data transmission herein as BITTORRENT-TRACKER (helping to use between the main frame BitTorrent agreement to carry out the service of swap data); Start point-to-point host-host protocol seed and write service,, be used for the assitance data transmission herein as BITTORRENT-SEEDER (file transmission information being write the service of BT seed file).
As one embodiment of the present of invention, server can also start MONITOR (monitor service), is used to monitor the progress that VME operating system is disposed herein, and it is presented on the user interface.
S103: virtual machine to be disposed obtains model VME operating system mirror image by the point-to-point transmission agreement from described server.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, this step can comprise:
Create the virtual machine that needs deployment;
Start virtual machine, and it is made as the network interface card startup;
Virtual machine obtains a temporary IP (Internet Protocol, Internet protocol) address;
Virtual machine uses the TFTP agreement to download a kernel of supporting BT agreement and Rsync on server;
Virtual machine uses Rsync to download the BT seed file on server;
Virtual machine activation BT begins to download the operating system mirror image from server, disposes end back startup virtual machine and can use.
Be illustrated in figure 4 as the schematic diagram of the allocating operating system system of virtual machine according to an embodiment of the invention.This system comprises server and virtual machine, communicates by switch between server and the virtual machine.Wherein virtual machine comprises model virtual machine and virtual machine to be disposed.
The model virtual machine is used to generate model VME operating system mirror image.Server is used to obtain described model VME operating system mirror image and starts point-to-point host-host protocol.Virtual machine to be disposed is used for obtaining described model VME operating system mirror image by the point-to-point transmission agreement from described server.
The invention allows for a kind of server, be used to deploying virtual machine operating system, this server comprises acquisition module and starts module that wherein, acquisition module is used to obtain model VME operating system mirror image, starts module and is used to start point-to-point host-host protocol.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, server also comprises monitoring module, is used to monitor the progress that virtual machine to be disposed carries out allocating operating system.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, start module and be used to start dynamic host allocation protocol, file transfer protocol (FTP), mirror back-up of data instrument, point-to-point transmission protocol data Exchange Service, point-to-point transmission agreement seed file and write service.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, the point-to-point transmission agreement can comprise the BitTorrent host-host protocol.
Method, system and the equipment of deployment virtual machine proposed by the invention adopt point-to-point mode, after each virtual machine activation point-to-point transmission agreement, also use for other virtual machines uploading the part that oneself gets access to when obtaining mirror image.Like this, for each virtual machine, it can obtain the resource that needs by any one node itself from system, also provide resource for any one node in the system simultaneously.
Allocating operating system method, system and the equipment of virtual machine proposed by the invention adopt point-to-point transmission means, have made full use of the network bandwidth, make the deployment parallelization of Virtual Cluster operating system.To dispose 4 physical machine, create 4 virtual machine instances on every physical machine, dispose, need about 2 hours time according to traditional scheme, adopt scheme of the present invention only to need about 40 minutes, greatly improved the efficient that VME operating system is disposed in batches.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification that scope of the present invention is by claims and be equal to and limit to these embodiment.

Claims (11)

1. the allocating operating system method of a virtual machine is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Create model VME operating system mirror image;
Server obtains described model VME operating system mirror image and starts point-to-point host-host protocol;
Virtual machine to be disposed obtains described model VME operating system mirror image by described point-to-point transmission agreement from described server.
2. the allocating operating system method of virtual machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of described startup of server point-to-point transmission agreement also comprises:
Described startup of server dynamic host allocation protocol, file transfer protocol (FTP), mirror back-up of data instrument, point-to-point transmission protocol data Exchange Service, point-to-point transmission agreement seed file write service.
3. the allocating operating system method of virtual machine according to claim 2 is characterized in that, virtual machine to be disposed comprises from the step that described server obtains described model VME operating system mirror image by described point-to-point transmission agreement:
Start virtual machine to be disposed, and virtual machine described to be disposed is set to the network interface card startup;
Virtual machine described to be disposed obtains Internet protocol IP address by described network interface card;
Virtual machine described to be disposed utilizes file transfer protocol (FTP) to download the kernel of support point to a host-host protocol and mirror back-up of data instrument on described server;
Virtual machine described to be disposed use described mirror back-up of data instrument on described server download point to a host-host protocol seed file;
Virtual machine activation point-to-point transmission agreement described to be disposed is downloaded described model VME operating system mirror image from described server.
4. the allocating operating system method of virtual machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises after the step of described startup of server point-to-point transmission agreement:
Described startup of server monitor service is used to monitor the progress that virtual machine described to be disposed carries out allocating operating system.
5. the allocating operating system method of virtual machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described point-to-point transmission agreement comprises the BitTorrent host-host protocol.
6. the allocating operating system method of virtual machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of creating model VME operating system mirror image comprises:
Create the model virtual machine;
Be described model virtual machine installing operating system;
Be described model virtual machine installation data mirror back-up instrument.
7. the allocating operating system system of a virtual machine is characterized in that, described system comprises model virtual machine, server and virtual machine to be disposed, wherein,
Described model virtual machine is used to generate model VME operating system mirror image;
Described server is used to obtain described model VME operating system mirror image and starts point-to-point host-host protocol;
Virtual machine described to be disposed is used for obtaining described model VME operating system mirror image by described point-to-point transmission agreement from described server.
8. a server is characterized in that, comprise acquisition module and start module, wherein,
Described acquisition module is used to obtain model VME operating system mirror image;
Described startup module is used to start point-to-point host-host protocol.
9. server according to claim 8, it is characterized in that described startup module is used to start dynamic host allocation protocol, file transfer protocol (FTP), mirror back-up of data instrument, point-to-point transmission protocol data Exchange Service, point-to-point transmission agreement seed file and writes service.
10. server according to claim 8 is characterized in that described server also comprises monitoring module, and it is used to monitor the progress that virtual machine described to be disposed carries out allocating operating system.
11. server according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described point-to-point transmission agreement comprises the BitTorrent host-host protocol.
CN200910235300A 2009-09-30 2009-09-30 Method, system and equipment for deployment of operating system of virtual machine Pending CN101695077A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200910235300A CN101695077A (en) 2009-09-30 2009-09-30 Method, system and equipment for deployment of operating system of virtual machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200910235300A CN101695077A (en) 2009-09-30 2009-09-30 Method, system and equipment for deployment of operating system of virtual machine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN101695077A true CN101695077A (en) 2010-04-14

Family

ID=42094017

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN200910235300A Pending CN101695077A (en) 2009-09-30 2009-09-30 Method, system and equipment for deployment of operating system of virtual machine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN101695077A (en)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102073536A (en) * 2011-01-11 2011-05-25 济南银泉科技有限公司 Method for editing template into warehouse by cloud platform and generating virtual machines in bulk
CN102736946A (en) * 2011-04-11 2012-10-17 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 Batch application node deploying method and device
CN102810067A (en) * 2011-06-02 2012-12-05 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Virtual machine template updating system and method
CN102981889A (en) * 2012-11-02 2013-03-20 曙光云计算技术有限公司 Virtual machine creating method and device for virtual machine creation
CN103019802A (en) * 2012-11-20 2013-04-03 中标软件有限公司 Virtual machine management method and virtual machine management platform
CN103118108A (en) * 2013-01-30 2013-05-22 北京荣之联科技股份有限公司 Automatic virtualized system pushing method and device thereof
CN103167041A (en) * 2013-03-28 2013-06-19 广州中国科学院软件应用技术研究所 System and method for supporting cloud environment application cluster automation deployment
CN103186407A (en) * 2011-12-28 2013-07-03 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Virtual machine application system and method
CN103259813A (en) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-21 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Method of automatically expanding virtual machines
CN103283176A (en) * 2010-12-29 2013-09-04 维亚塞斯公司 Method of transmitting and receiving a multimedia content
CN103368785A (en) * 2012-04-09 2013-10-23 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Server operation monitoring system and method
CN103414584A (en) * 2013-08-01 2013-11-27 南京邮电大学 Method for rapidly expanding computer cluster based on P2P network technology
CN103491131A (en) * 2013-08-09 2014-01-01 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 Network operating system fast batch installing method based on P2P
CN103685399A (en) * 2012-09-17 2014-03-26 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 Method, device and system for logging in Unix-like virtual container
CN104360821A (en) * 2014-10-21 2015-02-18 中电科华云信息技术有限公司 System and method for realizing mixed virtualization
CN108170508A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-06-15 顺丰科技有限公司 Batch creates method, apparatus, equipment and its storage medium of virtual machine
CN109165027A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-01-08 郑州市景安网络科技股份有限公司 VME operating system installation method, device, equipment and readable storage medium storing program for executing
CN109918096A (en) * 2019-03-20 2019-06-21 浪潮商用机器有限公司 A kind of installation method of server operating system, system and associated component
CN110740192A (en) * 2019-10-29 2020-01-31 西安雷风电子科技有限公司 mirror image distribution method and system in P2P network-based virtualization environment

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103283176B (en) * 2010-12-29 2015-11-25 维亚塞斯公司 For transmitting the method with receiving multimedia content
CN103283176A (en) * 2010-12-29 2013-09-04 维亚塞斯公司 Method of transmitting and receiving a multimedia content
CN102073536A (en) * 2011-01-11 2011-05-25 济南银泉科技有限公司 Method for editing template into warehouse by cloud platform and generating virtual machines in bulk
CN102736946A (en) * 2011-04-11 2012-10-17 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 Batch application node deploying method and device
CN102736946B (en) * 2011-04-11 2015-12-16 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 A kind of batch dispositions method of application node and device
CN102810067A (en) * 2011-06-02 2012-12-05 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Virtual machine template updating system and method
CN103186407A (en) * 2011-12-28 2013-07-03 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Virtual machine application system and method
CN103259813A (en) * 2012-02-17 2013-08-21 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Method of automatically expanding virtual machines
CN103368785A (en) * 2012-04-09 2013-10-23 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 Server operation monitoring system and method
CN103685399B (en) * 2012-09-17 2018-03-23 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 A kind of methods, devices and systems for logging in class Unix virtual containers
CN103685399A (en) * 2012-09-17 2014-03-26 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 Method, device and system for logging in Unix-like virtual container
CN102981889B (en) * 2012-11-02 2016-10-05 曙光云计算技术有限公司 Virtual machine creation method and device
CN102981889A (en) * 2012-11-02 2013-03-20 曙光云计算技术有限公司 Virtual machine creating method and device for virtual machine creation
CN103019802B (en) * 2012-11-20 2015-11-25 中标软件有限公司 A kind of virtual machine management method and platform
CN103019802A (en) * 2012-11-20 2013-04-03 中标软件有限公司 Virtual machine management method and virtual machine management platform
CN103118108A (en) * 2013-01-30 2013-05-22 北京荣之联科技股份有限公司 Automatic virtualized system pushing method and device thereof
CN103167041B (en) * 2013-03-28 2016-04-20 广州中国科学院软件应用技术研究所 A kind ofly support the system and method that the automation of cloud environment application cluster is disposed
CN103167041A (en) * 2013-03-28 2013-06-19 广州中国科学院软件应用技术研究所 System and method for supporting cloud environment application cluster automation deployment
CN103414584A (en) * 2013-08-01 2013-11-27 南京邮电大学 Method for rapidly expanding computer cluster based on P2P network technology
CN103491131A (en) * 2013-08-09 2014-01-01 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 Network operating system fast batch installing method based on P2P
CN104360821A (en) * 2014-10-21 2015-02-18 中电科华云信息技术有限公司 System and method for realizing mixed virtualization
CN104360821B (en) * 2014-10-21 2018-08-10 中电科华云信息技术有限公司 Realize the system and method for hybrid virtualization
CN108170508A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-06-15 顺丰科技有限公司 Batch creates method, apparatus, equipment and its storage medium of virtual machine
CN109165027A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-01-08 郑州市景安网络科技股份有限公司 VME operating system installation method, device, equipment and readable storage medium storing program for executing
CN109918096A (en) * 2019-03-20 2019-06-21 浪潮商用机器有限公司 A kind of installation method of server operating system, system and associated component
CN110740192A (en) * 2019-10-29 2020-01-31 西安雷风电子科技有限公司 mirror image distribution method and system in P2P network-based virtualization environment

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101695077A (en) Method, system and equipment for deployment of operating system of virtual machine
CN108809722B (en) Method, device and storage medium for deploying Kubernetes cluster
US10855464B2 (en) Methods and apparatus to manage credentials in hyper-converged infrastructures
CN101820387B (en) Method for rapidly deploying extensible cluster
CN101778132B (en) Method, system and device for network installation based on load balance
CN103984575A (en) Rapid deployment method of cluster Linux operation system in cloud-computing environment
CN108089913B (en) Virtual machine deployment method of super-fusion system
WO2014169870A1 (en) Virtual network element automatic loading and virtual machine ip address acquisition method and system, and storage medium
CN101778136A (en) Method for installing operating systems for client through remote real-time monitoring of network
US20190007369A1 (en) Assigning ip addresses and configuration parameters in hyper-converged infrastructure
CN107707687B (en) Method and device for configuring IP address of virtual machine
CN111273871B (en) Method and device for dynamically allocating storage resources on container platform
CN106549789B (en) Method and system for realizing server installation
CN108628716B (en) Information receiving and managing system, method and device
CN101478429A (en) Method, system and equipment for version upgrade
CN107800580B (en) Method, server and system for monitoring installation state of large-batch operating systems
WO2014015732A1 (en) Method and system for generating terminal capability description information
JP2022514834A (en) Methods, devices, and programs for processing media content in MPEG NBMP
CN103685496A (en) Transmission method and device of file data
CN102932455B (en) Construction method based on cloud computing render farms
KR20150108230A (en) Cluster construction method and apparatus thereof
CN105183529A (en) Method for refreshing server firmware, target server, source server and system
CN102664922A (en) High-speed network starting method based on Linux system
CN109600439B (en) PaaS platform and deployment method thereof based on microservice
CN114565502A (en) GPU resource management method, scheduling method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C53 Correction of patent for invention or patent application
CB02 Change of applicant information

Address after: 100193 Beijing, Haidian District, northeast Wang West Road, building 8, No. 36

Applicant after: Dawning Information Industry (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

Address before: 100084 No. 6 South Road, Zhongguancun Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Haidian District

Applicant before: Dawning Information Industry (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

C12 Rejection of a patent application after its publication
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20100414