CN101694976B - High-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator - Google Patents
High-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101694976B CN101694976B CN2009102050470A CN200910205047A CN101694976B CN 101694976 B CN101694976 B CN 101694976B CN 2009102050470 A CN2009102050470 A CN 2009102050470A CN 200910205047 A CN200910205047 A CN 200910205047A CN 101694976 B CN101694976 B CN 101694976B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator. One end of an input shaft of the speed regulator is connected with a rotating shaft of a main motor, and the other end thereof is connected with external teeth of a high-speed solar wheel shaft so as to form backlash flotation; the high-speed solar wheel shaft is connected with an output shaft of a high-speed planet carrier by being meshed with a high-speed planet wheel sheathed on a high-speed planet wheel shaft; the output shaft of the high-speed planet carrier is simultaneously taken as a low-speed planet driving input shaft and fixed in an output shaft inner hole of a low-speed planet carrier; the high-speed planet wheel is meshed with a high-speed internal gear which is meshed with a first gear coupling; a first bevel gear is fixedly connected on the first gear coupling; the first bevel gear is meshed with a first bevel gear shaft and a second bevel gear shaft simultaneously; the first bevel gear shaft and the second bevel gear shaft are respectively connected with a hydraulic rotating functional element; and the tail end of the first bevel gear shaft is also connected with an input shaft of an auxiliary motor. The speed regulator integrates soft start, stepless speed adjustment and other functions, has high transmission efficiency, low noise, compact structure, reliable performance and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator.
Background technology
When motor starts in load, can produce the starting current of 5～7 times of rated current intensity, concerning high power motor, great start-up current can produce very big impact to motor and electrical network; And when shutting down, make rotating speed prompt drop to zero control mode also can bring impact to equipment through momentary power failure, and reduce useful life, so under a lot of operating modes, do not allow the instantaneous shutdown of high-power machinery equipment, need the shutdown of steadily slowing down; At work, need to consider the steady stepless speed regulation problem of the caused high-power machinery equipment of working conditions change equally.Solve the problems of the technologies described above, just need adopt soft start/stepless speed regulation technology, make it can realize controlled soft start, soft stop, stepless speed regulation, functions such as automatic overload protection and many driving powers balance powerful device.
In machinery, motor and multidisciplinary fields such as electronics, fluid power and hydraulic pressure soft start/stepless speed regulation technology has been carried out deeply and extensive studies both at home and abroad; Developed diversified soft start/speed regulating device or equipment, can be summed up as substantially: fluid-flywheel clutch soft start/speed governing, liquid viscosity soft start/speed governing, frequency control soft start, DC speed regulation soft start, power transformation resistance speed governing, friction speed-regulating, Hydraulic Adjustable Speed etc.Though respectively there are characteristics in these soft start/speed-regulating actuators or system, the shortcoming that also all has some can't make the user accept fully.Variable speed fluid coupling can change output speed and torque through the degree of filling of regulating working chamber liquid, has certain soft start function and speed governing ability.But long-term theoretical research and application practice show, it can't satisfy actual requirement far away on the function of soft start/speed governing and performance.The sticky shearing active force that liquid viscosity soft start/speed regulating device utilization is present in oil film between the driving and driven friction plate comes transferring power.This device can be realized stepless speed regulation and the synchronous operation between the master and slave moving axis within the specific limits, can carry out overload protection to drive system.But when soft start, motor is in the load starting state, and starting current is big, and the rush of current time is long, is not real No Load Start, and transmission efficiency is lower, and power loss is big, and heating is serious, and the device more complicated, and manufacturing and maintenance cost are higher.Frequency control soft start, DC speed regulation soft start, power transformation resistance speed governing, friction speed-regulating and Hydraulic Adjustable Speed etc. generally all adopt control main drive motor rotating speed or torque differences to reach two-way stepless speed regulation on electrical equipment control, guarantee that machine driven system seamlessly transits.But though RHVC has been realized soft start, right powerful frequency-variable controller price is very expensive, and circuit wherein and electronic devices and components maintenance difficult, and maintenance cost is high; The subject matter of DC continuous speed regulation/soft start is: high power direct-current motor is bulky, and costs an arm and a leg, and particularly the investment of transformer station is often very big, system complex.Under the environment of moist or many dirt, the commutator of DC motor, brushgear and silicon controlled control section need often to safeguard that maintenance cost is also very high.At present, the price of the price of high power DC governing system and big-power transducer is suitable.Though power transformation resistance speed governing also can realize soft start, power consumption is big, and power more greatly then use cost is high more, and control system is also more complicated, and it is also big more to take up room; Friction speed-regulating only is applicable to small-power, and when using when high-power, friction catch moment is big, and the frictional heating problem can't solve, and the friction speed-regulating mode is for big-and-middle-sized power master motor, and soft start also is far from being; Existing Hydraulic Adjustable Speed, though can realize soft start/stepless speed regulation, equipment is prone to leak, noise is big, temperature is high, environment is had pollution, and efficient is low, fault is many, thereby integral working is not good.In addition, also have some soft initiator devices, be mainly used in the start-up course of motor, its output only changes voltage and does not change frequency, does not possess functions such as stepless speed regulation and power-balance, is mainly used in non-important middle low power transmission occasion.
During large power overloading equipment work, also must solve a problem of output overloading being limit the square protection.Many main equipments (like high-power belt conveyor) are to be driven by multiple motors, and when real work, the loading condition that drives each motor in the drive system maybe be different more.How to adopt the stepless speed regulation speed reduction gearing to guarantee many driving powers balance in the drive system, thereby the support equipment smooth working also is a problem drive more.
Take a broad view of above-mentioned various soft start speed device, a kind of both can having accomplished keeping in the constant absence of main motor speed, realizes the two-way stepless speed regulation of output speed and seamlessly transits; Can make high-power machinery equipment master electric motor starting electric current realize soft start less than rated current again; Possess functions such as the square protection of output overloading limit and many driving powers balance simultaneously; And can also accomplish that simple in structure, reliable working performance, manufacturing and working service are with low cost.Be used for the powerful device in down-hole and explosive place for some, transmission device also must be realized explosion prevention function easily.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is; Deficiency to prior art; A kind of simple in structure, reliable working performance, manufacturing and the lower-cost high-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator of working service are provided; Realize the mechanical soft start of high-power main motor with the small-power stand-by motor, the great start-up current when solving powerful device and starting produces the problem of impacting to electrical network; To the machine driving continuous control, realize frequent two-way smooth stepless speed-regulating, soft stop, the square protection of output overloading limit and many driving powers balance in the powerful device work with the continuous controllable property realization of fluid transmission.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is: a kind of high-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator; Comprise the power shaft and the slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft that are fixed on the casing both sides through roller bearing; This power shaft one end stretches out casing and links to each other with the rotating shaft of main motor, it is characterized in that:
The end that A, said power shaft are located in the casing is offered endoporus; This endoporus is provided with the involute spline internal tooth; The external tooth of this involute spline internal tooth and high speed level sun wheel shaft connects and composes backlash and floats; This high speed level sun wheel shaft one end is realized axial location by block and power shaft; The other end is realized axial location by jacking block and the high speed level planet carrier output shaft that is fixed on by roller bearing in the casing simultaneously; This high speed level planet carrier output shaft also is a slow speed turbine stage Gear Planet Transmission power shaft simultaneously, and it is fixed in the endoporus of slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft;
B, the outer sheathed high-speed carrier of said high speed level planet carrier output shaft; Fixedly install the high-speed row star-wheel by the high-speed row spider gear shaft on this high-speed carrier; This high-speed row star-wheel and the engagement of said high speed level sun wheel shaft; This high-speed row star-wheel and the engagement of high speed internal gear; This high speed internal gear meshes with first gear coupling simultaneously; Constitute radially backlash and float, this first gear coupling is set in the level planet carrier output shaft outside at a high speed;
Fixedly connected first bevel gear on C, said first gear coupling; This first bevel gear is meshed with first conical tooth shaft that is fixed on by roller bearing on the casing; Middle part socket first idler gear of this first conical tooth shaft; This first idler gear is connected with at least one hydraulic rotating function element through at least one first connection gear, and the power shaft of the stand-by motor that the end of this first conical tooth shaft is outside with being installed in casing connects;
D, said first bevel gear are meshed with second conical tooth shaft that is fixed on through roller bearing on the casing simultaneously; The other end spline external tooth of second conical tooth shaft and an endoporus are that second idler gear of spline is connected, and this second idler gear second connects gear and is connected with at least one hydraulic rotating function element through at least one;
The end that E, said slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft are positioned at casing fixedly installs the slow speed turbine stage planetary gear through the slow speed turbine stage planet wheel spindle; Also be arranged with the slow speed turbine stage sun gear in the endoporus of this slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft; This slow speed turbine stage sun gear and the engagement of slow speed turbine stage planetary gear; This slow speed turbine stage planetary gear and the engagement of slow speed turbine stage internal gear; This slow speed turbine stage internal gear meshes with second gear coupling simultaneously, and radially backlash is unsteady to constitute slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft, and this second gear coupling is set in the slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft outside and is fixed on the casing simultaneously.
Said hydraulic rotating function element is oil pump or hydraulic motor.
Said hydraulic rotating function element is fixed on the casing.
When the present invention installs and uses; Should the workpiece of large power overloading plant equipment be connected with the slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft of apparatus of the present invention; And hydraulic rotating function element (oil pump or hydraulic motor) outlet pressure signal outputed in the external control circuit of main motor, just can carry out work then.
Concrete operation principle of the present invention is set forth as follows:
(1) realization of soft start: during work, at first start the microrunning of small-power stand-by motor, drive the high-speed row star-wheel that meshes with the high speed internal gear through first conical tooth shaft, first bevel gear, first gear coupling and rotate.In theory; High speed internal gear and the engagement of high-speed row star-wheel can drive level planet carrier output shaft and sun wheel shaft rotation at a high speed, and this moment, transmission device of the present invention became the differential gearing train of single input (input of high speed internal gear), a dual output (sun wheel shaft and high speed level planet carrier output shaft).But it is because very big with the load that high speed level planet carrier output shaft links to each other through slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft; The input power of small-power stand-by motor can't drive at a high speed, and level planet carrier output shaft rotates; In fact the differential gearing train of this single input dual output becomes a high speed level planet carrier output shaft and fixes; The input of high speed internal gear, the fixed shaft gear train of level sun wheel shaft output at a high speed.Like this, the small-power stand-by motor is through high speed internal gear, high-speed row star-wheel and level sun wheel shaft at a high speed, drives the stall square inertia that high-power main rotor overcomes when starting through power shaft again and rotates.When the small-power stand-by motor accelerates to control during rotating speed gradually, main motor also thereupon zero load accelerate to rated speed.When main motor reaches rated speed; Automatically connect main motor power; And cutting off the stand-by motor power supply, main motor need not the rotor of main motor is quickened, so the starting current of high-power main motor will be very little; Main motor will start under real idle condition, also just accomplish the unloaded soft start of high-power main motor.
(2) realization of two-way stepless speed regulation: the power supply of small-power stand-by motor is cut off in main motor energized.Main motor remains in operation turning under the constant situation; The former road of power is returned; Drive level sun wheel shaft rotation at a high speed through power shaft; Input power; Formed a kind of single input; The dynamic branch state of dual output: a part of power drives hydraulic rotating function element (oil pump or the hydraulic motor) work that connects through first and second conical tooth shaft through high speed internal gear to the first bevel gear of differential planetary train, the auxiliary output of meaning; Part power is exported through slow speed turbine stage Gear Planet Transmission train to slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft through the high speed level planet carrier output shaft of differential gearing train, drives the large power overloading equipment workpiece, the main output of meaning.According to speed discrepancy balance shunting rule; Increase the outlet pressure of auxiliary output hydraulic rotating function element; The rotational resistance torque of first and second conical tooth shaft is increased gradually; Then the rotating speed of auxiliary output will reduce gradually, and the power that is applied on the main workpiece of exporting will increase gradually, realize that workpiece is seamlessly transitted by zero speedup to rated speed.When workpiece reaches rated speed and need slow down later on; Reduce the outlet pressure of auxiliary output hydraulic rotating function element; The rotational resistance torque of first and second conical tooth shaft is diminished; Then assist the rotating speed of output to increase gradually, the power that then is applied on the main workpiece of exporting will reduce, and realize that workpiece is seamlessly transitted to zero deceleration by rated speed.So just, realized main output by zero to rated speed and by rated speed to the zero two-way stepless speed regulation of acceleration, deceleration.
(3) realization of output overloading automatic protection functions: the allowable pressure of setting the hydraulic rotating function element according to the allowable load (output power torque) of equipment work mechanism; Former thereby when surpassing allowable value because of some when the external applied load of system, main output torque increases, the corresponding increase of auxiliary output torque; Hydraulic rotating function element outlet pressure is because of surpassing controlled pressure overflow allowable; Drive first and second conical tooth shaft and produce differential slippage rotation, main output reduction of speed formula is stopped, preventing the damage of main motor and machine driven system overload; After outer load problems of too solved, normal operation can recover again in system.
(4) realizations that drive the main motor current balances: the hydraulic rotating function element outlet pressure controlling value of the soft start stepless speed regulator of each drive point is set in the power torque that should bear according to each drive point of equipment more; When the load inequality occurring; The drive point power torque that bearing load is bigger increases, and makes the corresponding increase of this drive point hydraulic rotating function element outlet pressure, when hydraulic rotating function element outlet pressure surpasses controlled pressure allowable; Through hydraulic rotating function element earial drainage; Make first and second conical tooth shaft produce differential slippage rotation, thereby make main output reduction of speed, receive certain load and till keeping balance automatically up to other underload drive point.
(5) realization of soft braking: when the needs soft stop; Need not to turn-off main motor power, according to the rule of main motor power, according to predetermined decompression rule to main output and auxiliary output steering; Gradually reduce the outlet pressure of auxiliary output hydraulic rotating function element; Increase its power output, make the rotating speed of output shaft reduce to zero gradually, thereby realize the soft braking of plant equipment according to predetermined reduction of speed law curve.Identical with the operation principle of soft start, the braking time of soft braking also is adjustable.
(6) power saving function: if the present invention is applied to running environment and has certain haul distance gradient; And the high-power machinery equipment (like mine hoist and inclined shaft ribbon conveyer etc.) of frequent uplink and downlink; Under the condition that safety and reliability are protected; Can consider that the potential energy that utilizes himself and load deadweight to produce serves as descending operating mode power, energy savings.Be that descending operating mode does not start main motor (this moment, main motor was shut down braking); Weight utilization deadweight is transferred, and is equivalent to former main output and becomes the power reverse input, drives the working equipment rotation; Be equivalent to power reverse input low speed planetary differential train and high speed planet differential gear train; Through first and second conical tooth shaft, drive the hydraulic rotating function element running of auxiliary output, the unique output loading of power for this reason of hydraulic rotating function element this moment again.Control hydraulic rotating function element outlet pressure is equivalent to increase load, i.e. the speed that may command weight deadweight is transferred makes that device security is controlled reliably transfers.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is melted into a whole soft start, stepless speed regulation, the square protection of output overloading limit and many power drive equilibrium function etc., is a kind of soft start stepless speed regulating device of Multi Role Aircraft electrohydraulic integration; 2. adopt two-way controlled stepless speed regulation, large power overloading equipment can be operated on the speed of any setting; 3. realize the soft start of high-power main motor with the small-power stand-by motor; Not only can alleviate the startup impact that drive system itself receives significantly; Prolong the useful life of key components and parts; Simultaneously can also realize main empty load of motor starting current, to the impact of electrical network, reduce the equipment investment of power supply facilities when avoiding powerful device to start less than rated current; 4. apparatus of the present invention have realized the output overloading limiting protecting, have guaranteed safe operation.5. apparatus of the present invention can realize the main motor current balances that drive more, and the security of operation of uniting driving arrangement for the many motors of need provides safeguard.6. there is certain haul distance gradient in apparatus of the present invention as being applied to running environment, and on the high-power machinery equipment of frequent uplink and downlink, downward storke can need not power, transfer according to deadweight safety, save electric energy.7. this device power source can be diversified, can not limited by power source, and except that electric power, other power sources can be realized the same function of machine.Method is to change the hydraulic valve of controlling the hydraulic oil pump outlet pressure into the mechanical type overflow valve to get final product.8. this speed regulator is easy to realize explosion prevention function if be disposed at the powerful device in down-hole and other explosive place.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the forward cutaway view of a kind of concrete structure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention includes casing 6 and and be fixed on the power shaft 2 on the casing 6 through roller bearing, these power shaft 2 one ends stretch out casing 6 and link to each other with the rotating shaft of main motor through flat key 1, and the other end is offered endoporus 4.Be provided with the involute spline internal tooth in the endoporus 4 of this power shaft 2, the external tooth of this involute spline internal tooth and high speed level sun wheel shaft 35 connects and composes backlash and floats.Level sun wheel shaft 35 1 ends are realized axial location through block 3 and power shaft 2 at a high speed simultaneously, and the other end is realized axial location through jacking block 34 and the high speed level planet carrier output shaft 33 that is fixed on through roller bearing in the casing 6.This high speed level planet carrier output shaft 33 also is a slow speed turbine stage Gear Planet Transmission power shaft simultaneously, and it is fixed in the endoporus of slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft 14 through roller bearing, and realizes axial location through a jacking block and slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft 14.This slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft 14 is fixed on the opposite side of casing 6 through roller bearing 13, and these slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft 14 1 ends stretch out outside the casing 6.
Socket high-speed carrier 30 on this high speed level planet carrier output shaft 33 fixedly installs high-speed row star-wheel 29 through high-speed row spider gear shaft 32 on this high-speed carrier 30.This is level sun wheel shaft 35 and 29 engagements of high-speed row star-wheel at a high speed; This high-speed row star-wheel 29 meshes with high speed internal gear 28 simultaneously; This high speed internal gear 28 meshes with first gear coupling 5 simultaneously; Constitute radially backlash and float, and this first gear coupling 5 is set in level planet carrier output shaft 33 outsides at a high speed through roller bearing.
This first gear coupling 5 connects first bevel gear 21 through flat key 22 and bolt, and this first bevel gear 21 is meshed with first conical tooth shaft 12 that is fixed on through roller bearing on the casing 6.Middle part socket first idler gear 11 of this first conical tooth shaft 12, this first idler gear 11 first connects gear 7 be connected with at least one hydraulic rotating function element 8 (being two first connection gears 7 and two hydraulic rotating function element 8 in the present embodiment) through at least one.This hydraulic rotating function element 8 can be oil pump or hydraulic motor.The end of this first conical tooth shaft 12 connects through the power shaft of motor coupling 10 with the stand-by motor 9 that is installed in casing 6 outsides.
This first bevel gear 21 simultaneously be fixed on casing 6 on second conical tooth shaft 20 be meshed.The other end spline external tooth of second conical tooth shaft 20 and an endoporus are that second idler gear 23 of spline is connected, and this second idler gear 23 second connects gear 24 be connected with at least one hydraulic rotating function element 8 (being two first connection gears 7 and two hydraulic rotating function element 8 in the present embodiment) through at least one.This hydraulic rotating function element 8 can be oil pump or hydraulic motor.
The end that this slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft 14 is positioned at casing 6 fixedly installs slow speed turbine stage planetary gear 16 through slow speed turbine stage planet wheel spindle 17.The end outside near slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft 14 of level planet carrier output shaft 33 is arranged with slow speed turbine stage sun gear 15 at a high speed; This slow speed turbine stage sun gear 15 and 16 engagements of slow speed turbine stage planetary gear; Those slow speed turbine stage planetary gears 16 and 18 engagements of slow speed turbine stage internal gear; This slow speed turbine stage internal gear 18 meshes with second gear coupling 19 simultaneously; Constitute slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft radially backlash float, and this second gear coupling 19 also is set at a high speed level planet carrier output shaft 33 outsides and is fixed on simultaneously on the casing 6.
Claims (4)
1. a high-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator comprises the power shaft and the slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft that are fixed on the casing both sides through roller bearing, and this power shaft one end stretches out casing and links to each other with the rotating shaft of main motor, it is characterized in that:
The end that A, said power shaft are located in the casing is offered endoporus; This endoporus is provided with the involute spline internal tooth; The external tooth of this involute spline internal tooth and high speed level sun wheel shaft connects and composes backlash and floats; This high speed level sun wheel shaft one end is realized axial location by block and power shaft; The other end is realized axial location by jacking block and the high speed level planet carrier output shaft that is fixed on by roller bearing in the casing simultaneously; This high speed level planet carrier output shaft also is a slow speed turbine stage Gear Planet Transmission power shaft simultaneously, and it is fixed in the endoporus of slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft;
B, the outer sheathed high-speed carrier of said high speed level planet carrier output shaft; Fixedly install the high-speed row star-wheel by the high-speed row spider gear shaft on this high-speed carrier; This high-speed row star-wheel and the engagement of said high speed level sun wheel shaft; This high-speed row star-wheel and the engagement of high speed internal gear; This high speed internal gear meshes with first gear coupling simultaneously; Constitute radially backlash and float, this first gear coupling is set in the level planet carrier output shaft outside at a high speed;
Fixedly connected first bevel gear on C, said first gear coupling; This first bevel gear is meshed with first conical tooth shaft that is fixed on by roller bearing on the casing; Middle part socket first idler gear of this first conical tooth shaft; This first idler gear is connected with at least one hydraulic rotating function element through at least one first connection gear, and the power shaft of the stand-by motor that the end of this first conical tooth shaft is outside with being installed in casing connects;
D, said first bevel gear are meshed with second conical tooth shaft that is fixed on through roller bearing on the casing simultaneously; The other end spline external tooth of second conical tooth shaft and an endoporus are that second idler gear of spline is connected, and this second idler gear second connects gear and is connected with at least one hydraulic rotating function element through at least one;
The end that E, said slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft are positioned at casing fixedly installs the slow speed turbine stage planetary gear through the slow speed turbine stage planet wheel spindle; Also be arranged with the slow speed turbine stage sun gear in the endoporus of this slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft; This slow speed turbine stage sun gear and the engagement of slow speed turbine stage planetary gear; This slow speed turbine stage planetary gear and the engagement of slow speed turbine stage internal gear; This slow speed turbine stage internal gear meshes with second gear coupling simultaneously, and radially backlash is unsteady to constitute slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft, and this second gear coupling is set in the slow speed turbine stage planet carrier output shaft outside and is fixed on the casing simultaneously.
2. high-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said hydraulic rotating function element is an oil pump.
3. high-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said hydraulic rotating function element is a hydraulic motor.
4. high-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said hydraulic rotating function element is fixed on the casing.
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| CN2009102050470A CN101694976B (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2009-10-16 | High-power mechanical-electrical liquid composite soft start stepless speed regulator |
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| CN201526622U (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2010-07-14 | 李本平 | High-power mechanical-electron hydraulic compound soft-start stepless speed regulator |
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