CN101694545B - Wave-front correcting method and wave-front correcting system for improving image quality of expansion target image forming - Google Patents
Wave-front correcting method and wave-front correcting system for improving image quality of expansion target image forming Download PDFInfo
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- CN101694545B CN101694545B CN2009102369024A CN200910236902A CN101694545B CN 101694545 B CN101694545 B CN 101694545B CN 2009102369024 A CN2009102369024 A CN 2009102369024A CN 200910236902 A CN200910236902 A CN 200910236902A CN 101694545 B CN101694545 B CN 101694545B
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a wave-front correcting method and a wave-front correcting system for improving image quality of expansion target image forming, wherein the method comprises multiple iterating processes, wherein each iterating process comprises calculating out the image definition functional value of selective zones of images, generating control voltage disturbance signals subjecting to Bernoulli distribution, adding with current control voltage signals applied on each actuator, and acting control voltage signals which are got through adding to the actuator, calculating out the image definition functional value after applying disturbance voltage signals, calculating out the disturbance value of image definition functional value of selective zones of images, getting control voltage signals which are iterated and applied on each actuator, applying on a corresponded actuator, collecting the image definition functional value of selective zones of gathered images after calculating out and applying the iterated voltage signals, stopping the iterate process when the differential value of image definition functional values of this time and last time is smaller than the presetting threshold value, or continuously executing the next iteration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wavefront correction field, relate in particular to a kind of wave front correction method and system based on the random paralleling gradient descent algorithm.
Background technology
Tradition is used for the ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS (for example adopting the ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS of Shack-Hartmann Wavefront sensor) of astronomical sight and is carrying out the wavefront error timing, usually all be to proofread and correct at the light wave aberration of visual field on the axle, this is because the observation celestial body can be regarded point target observation as in the astronomical sight, and the visual field of point target is positioned on the axle, so the aberration of visual field was proofreaied and correct on traditional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS was only considered axle when design, and the wave aberration of the outer visual field of axle can not be proofreaied and correct fully, the picture element of the outer visual field of axle can descend gradually along with the increase of field angle, and the field angle of traditional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS has only a rad magnitude usually.
But general occasion in the observation imaging, object is seen as the expansion target usually, and the wavefront error that is used to expand target is proofreaied and correct and is not only needed the aberration on the axle is proofreaied and correct, also need the wavefront error of the outer visual field of axle is proofreaied and correct, so utilize traditional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS can't improve the picture element of the outer visual field of axle.For the field range (promptly realizing wide visual field) that enlarges ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, people have proposed multiple solution, comprise adopting a plurality of parallel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS and adopting the ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS of proofreading and correct based on the multilayer conjugation etc.Wherein, adopt a plurality of parallel ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS to make total system become complicated more undoubtedly, and obtained effect is disproportionate with the cost of paying; The basic thought that the multilayer conjugation is proofreaied and correct is that turbulent atmosphere is divided into several layers, a distorting lens is set to proofread and correct the wavefront distortion that this atmosphere causes on every layer conjugate position, though proofreading and correct, the multilayer conjugation can effectively enlarge the ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS field angle, but under many circumstances, atmospheric turbulence is not the main error source that will proofread and correct, for example atmospheric turbulence is just very little to the picture element influence of space to ground remote sensing system, and at this moment the multilayer conjugation is proofreaied and correct and is not suitable for being used for enlarging field angle.
In addition, not only comprise complicated wavefront sensing system in traditional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, also need to search out a suitable beacon (normally natural star) that is positioned on the optical axis and be used for producing reference light wave.In a word, traditional ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS structure is complicated.
Muller in 1974 etc. propose a kind of notion of picture sharpening ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, adopt the image sharpness function to estimate image quality in this system, and when having eliminated wavefront error, the image sharpness function reaches extreme value.Concrete method of work is to make each degree of freedom of wave-front corrector produce disturbance by certain way, calculates which disturbance and trends towards making the image sharpness function to reach extreme value, keeps making the image sharpness function reach the disturbance of extreme value, progressively eliminates wavefront error.But when in the prior art image being optimized, all be to be optimized entire image, and it is often only interested in the practical application in the some zones in the image, for example most of zone is the desert in the entire image, and have only zonule is automobile in the desert very much, consider the cost of computing time, obviously only needing to optimize the automobile region, promoting this regional picture element.
The system complex of in the prior art wavefront being proofreaied and correct can not be proofreaied and correct the specific region further in a word.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of wave front correction method and wavefront correction system that improves image quality of expansion target image forming, do not need complicated Wavefront sensor and beacon, system architecture is simple, and can realize wide visual field wavefront correction.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of wave front correction method that improves image quality of expansion target image forming, this method comprises:
A. calculate the image sharpness functional value of the selection area that applies the image of gathering before the control voltage disturbance signal;
B. each actuator in the wave-front corrector is produced and obey the control voltage disturbance signal that Bernoulli Jacob distributes, and with the current control voltage signal addition that is applied on each actuator, and the control voltage signal that addition obtains affacted respectively on each actuator, calculate the image sharpness functional value of the selection area that applies the images acquired behind the control voltage disturbance signal;
The image sharpness functional value of the image sharpness functional value that C. calculates the selection area apply the image behind the control voltage disturbance signal and the selection area that applies the image before the control voltage disturbance signal poor obtains the disturbed value of image sharpness functional value of the selection area of image;
D. cancel the control voltage disturbance signal that is applied on each actuator, to apply the product that control voltage signal before the control voltage disturbance signal subtracts the control voltage disturbance signal that produces among the disturbed value of the image sharpness functional value that obtains among iteration step long value and the step C and the step B to each actuator, and obtain this iteration and be applied to control voltage signal on each actuator;
E. the control voltage signal that described this iteration is applied on each actuator is applied on the corresponding actuator, calculates to apply the image sharpness functional value that described this iteration is applied to the described selection area of the later images acquired of control voltage signal on each actuator;
F. when the size of the difference of the image sharpness functional value of the selection area of this and last iteration images acquired during, stop iterative process, otherwise continue to carry out next iteration less than predetermined threshold value.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of wavefront correction system, comprises the wave-front corrector that is arranged in the imaging optical path, and controller, and described controller is used to carry out repeatedly iterative process, and described each iterative process comprises:
A. calculate the image sharpness functional value of the selection area that applies the image of gathering before the control voltage disturbance signal;
B. each actuator in the wave-front corrector is produced and obey the control voltage disturbance signal that Bernoulli Jacob distributes, and be applied to current control voltage signal addition on each actuator, and the control voltage signal that addition obtains affacted respectively on each actuator, calculate the image sharpness functional value of the selection area that applies the images acquired behind the control voltage disturbance signal;
The image sharpness functional value of the image sharpness functional value that C. calculates the selection area apply the image behind the control voltage disturbance signal and the selection area that applies the image before the control voltage disturbance signal poor obtains the disturbed value of image sharpness functional value of the selection area of image;
D. cancel the control voltage disturbance signal that is applied on each actuator, to apply the product that control voltage signal before the voltage disturbance signal subtracts the control voltage disturbance signal that produces among the disturbed value of the image sharpness functional value that obtains among iteration step long value and the step C and the step B to each actuator, and obtain this iteration and be applied to control voltage signal on each actuator;
E. the control voltage signal that described this iteration is applied on each actuator is applied on the corresponding actuator, calculates the image sharpness functional value of the described selection area of the later images acquired of control voltage signal that applies this iteration;
F. when the size of the difference of the image sharpness functional value of the selection area of this and last iteration images acquired during, stop iterative process, otherwise continue to carry out next iteration less than predetermined threshold value.
Pass through the embodiment of the invention, do not need complicated Wavefront sensor, do not need beacon or reference picture yet, system architecture is simple, in addition, because native system is based on the optimization process of image, the zone of wavefront correction can be adjusted according to the selection of the integral domain S of image sharpness function, so can realize wide visual field wavefront correction.In addition,, proofread and correct, can also further save the time of iterative process so can carry out specific aim to the picture element in a certain zone owing to can select correcting area.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of synoptic diagram that improves the wave front correction method of image quality of expansion target image forming that the embodiment of the invention one provides;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of in the embodiment of the invention one image being divided;
Fig. 3 is that a kind of wavefront correction system applies of image quality of expansion target image forming of improving that the embodiment of the invention two provides is in the synoptic diagram of ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
The method of directly optimizing picture element based on the image sharpness function is commonly referred to the model-free optimized Algorithm at present.The essence of model-free optimized Algorithm is the problem that the multivariate function are asked extreme value, and the method for solving that proposes is by factor alternative method, climbing method, method of steepest descent, method of conjugate gradient, random paralleling gradient descent method, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing etc. at present.Wherein the random paralleling gradient descend (Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent, SPGD) method is a kind of new algorithm that occurs in the later stage nineties, this efficiency of algorithm height, speed are fast, practical, and good prospects for application is arranged.SPGD adopts the parallel method that applies disturbance, when the actuating unit of wave-front corrector more for a long time, it is more efficient that this algorithm is compared other system optimizing control.
Describe the specific implementation of SPGD algorithm below in detail.The SPGD algorithm is actually the improvement algorithm of the method for steepest descent (claiming the gradient descent method again) in the optimization algorithm.Hypothetical target function J is control vector u=(u
1, u
2..., u
N) function, J (u)=(u is promptly arranged
1, u
2..., u
N), the iterative formula of method of steepest descent is:
γ wherein
kBe the step-length of k step iterative computation,
Be that J is at u
kThe gradient at place.
Need the gradient of calculating target function J in the formula 1 to control vector u
In the reality often the funtcional relationship between J and the u be unknown, for example in picture sharpening ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS, objective function J is exactly as clear function, u is exactly the control voltage that is applied on each actuator of wave-front corrector, and the funtcional relationship between the control voltage of image sharpness function and each actuator of wave-front corrector is unknown, so can't directly calculate
Can estimate according to measurement data, theoretical analysis as can be known, random value { δ J δ u
l/ σ
2On the meaning of statistical average, be the gradient component of objective function J
An estimation, estimated accuracy is o (σ
2), so can be approximated as follows:
With the formula 2 substitution formulas 1 of expression gradient component, and get γ
k=γ can get:
u
l K+1=u
l k-μ δ J
kδ u
l kL=1 ..., N (formula 3)
μ=γ/σ wherein
2Be iteration step length, k is an iterations.
Formula 3 is the iterative formula of SPGD algorithm, corresponding objective function minimization process when μ＞0, the corresponding objective function maximization procedure in μ＜0.Corresponding objective function maximization procedure when μ＜0.
Embodiment one
The embodiment of the invention one provides a kind of wave front correction method that improves image quality of expansion target image forming, and this method is based on SPGD algorithm mentioned above.In the present embodiment, objective function J is defined as the image sharpness function based on intensity profile, as shown in the formula:
S represents the field range in the image planes zone that needs are proofreaied and correct in the formula 4, and I is illustrated in the light intensity in the region S.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment provides the wave front correction method that improves image quality of expansion target image forming to comprise the steps:
Step S101: initialization, the control voltage zero setting of each actuator of wave-front corrector.
Then carry out repeatedly SPGD iteration.Wherein each iteration comprises the steps:
Step S102: the image sharpness functional value J that calculates the selection area that applies the preceding images acquired of perturbation control voltage signal
o
In the present embodiment, wavefront correction is that certain selection area to image carries out, and carries out the simplest division as shown in Figure 2 for the zone of entire image, promptly image can be divided into 9 zones by the visual field.Certainly, the combination that can choose several zones can also be with entire image as selection area as above-mentioned selection area.Behind selection area, make the region S in the formula 4 get final product for this selection area.
Step S103: each actuator in the wave-front corrector produced respectively obey the control voltage disturbance signal that Bernoulli Jacob distributes, these each control voltage disturbance signal { δ u
iConstitute and control voltage disturbance vector delta u
oWith control voltage disturbance signal and the current control voltage signal u that is applied on each actuator
oAddition obtains u '
o=u
o+ δ u
oThe control voltage signal u ' that addition is obtained
oAct on each actuator.
In the present embodiment, each amplitude of controlling the voltage disturbance component is equal, promptly | and δ u
i|=σ, the probability that each disturbance component is got positive negative value respectively is 50%.Promptly have:
＜δ u
iδ u
j〉=σ
2δ
I, j, i, j=1,2 ..., N (formula 5)
P (δ u
i=+σ)=P (δ u
i=-σ)=0.5 (formula 6)
When reality was determined the value of σ, the J value variable quantity that disturbance is caused was not covered by system noise, but the value of σ again can not be too big simultaneously, otherwise can cause algorithm to produce vibration near the extreme value of J.
Step S104: calculate the image sharpness functional value J ' apply the selection area of images acquired behind the control voltage disturbance signal
o, and calculate the disturbance δ J that applies the image sharpness functional value of controlling the voltage signal front and back
o=J '
o-J
o
Step S105: cancel the control voltage disturbance signal on each actuator of the selection area correspondence that is applied to image, with the control voltage signal u that applies before the control voltage disturbance signal
oSubtract the disturbed value δ J of the image sharpness functional value that obtains among iteration step long value μ and the step S104
oAnd control voltage disturbance value δ u among the step S103
oProduct μ δ J
oδ u
o, obtain the control voltage signal u that this iteration is applied to each actuator of image selection area
1=u
o-μ δ J
oδ u
o
Step S106: the control voltage signal u that this iteration that obtains among the step S105 is applied to each actuator of image selection area
1Be applied on the actuator of image selection area correspondence, after calculating applies the voltage signal of this iteration, the image sharpness functional value of the selection area of images acquired;
Step S107: relatively whether the absolute difference of image sharpness functional value that obtains after this iteration and the image sharpness functional value behind the last iteration less than predetermined threshold value, if, execution in step S108 then: stop iteration; If not, execution in step S109 then: return and continue to carry out next iteration.
Wherein, the selected of threshold value determined according to experiment, for example, can take all factors into consideration the convergence time of iterative process and select this threshold value.
Wave front correction method in the present embodiment can be realized wavefront correction to the image specific region by the selection to region S, not only can carry out specific aim like this to the picture element in a certain zone and proofread and correct, and can also further save the time of iterative process.In addition, do not need in this method complicated wavefront sensing system additionally is set, and do not need beacon or reference picture.
In addition, iteration step length μ in each iterative process in the present embodiment can get fixed value, also can preferably iteration step length be taken as iteration step long value in the last iteration process divided by the last iteration process after the image sharpness functional value of selection area of images acquired.This preferred scheme can be regulated iteration step length according to the value of image sharpness function J, in the iterative process incipient stage, the image sharpness functional value is less, and the corresponding iteration step length that obtains is bigger, and so each iteration image sharpness functional value rises also than comparatively fast, carrying out along with iteration, the image sharpness functional value increases gradually, and iteration step length reduces gradually, and the image sharpness functional value also will tend to be steady like this, obviously, this preferred iteration step length scheme makes iterative process more reasonable.
In addition, the control voltage signal preferred process before applying that is applied to each driver on the wave-front corrector is amplified.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment is corresponding to provide a kind of wavefront correction system that improves image quality of expansion target image forming, and Fig. 2 shows the synoptic diagram of this wavefront correction system applies in ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.As shown in Figure 2, the wavefront correction system that present embodiment provides comprises wave-front corrector 11 and the controller 12 that is arranged in the imaging optical path, and whole ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS also comprises imaging sensor 2, comprises imaging len 21 and CCD22 in this imaging sensor 2.In the present embodiment, controller 12 is used for collecting picture signal from receiving imaging sensor 2, and the selection area of images acquired is carried out iterative process based on the SPGD algorithm, and the correction that realizes wavefront of control wave-front corrector 11, optimizes picture element.
Describe the course of work of the wavefront correction system in the present embodiment below in detail.
System carries out initialization, the control voltage zero setting of each actuator of controller 12 control wave-front correctors.Then controller 12 execution are based on the iterative process of SPGD algorithm.Each iterative process is as follows: controller 12 receives the two field picture that imaging sensor 2 collects before applying the perturbation control voltage signal, and calculates the image sharpness functional value J of the selection area of this image
oEach actuator in 12 pairs of wave-front correctors 11 of controller produces respectively obeys control voltage disturbance signal { the δ u that Bernoulli Jacob distributes
i, these each control voltage disturbance signal { δ u
iConstitute and control voltage disturbance vector delta u
o, the current control voltage signal u on each actuator that control voltage disturbance signal is corresponding with being applied to selection area
oAddition obtains u '
o=u
o+ δ u
oThe control voltage signal u ' that controller 12 controls obtain addition
oAct on each actuator of wave-front corrector 11 of image selection area correspondence.Controller 12 receives and applies the two field picture that imaging sensor 12 is gathered behind the control voltage disturbance signal then, and calculates the image sharpness functional value J ' of this image
o, and then calculate the disturbance δ J that applies the image sharpness functional value of controlling the voltage signal front and back
o=J '
o-J
oController 12 is cancelled the control voltage disturbance signal on each actuator of the selection area correspondence that is applied to image then, with the control voltage signal u that applies before the control voltage disturbance signal
oSubtract the disturbed value δ J of iteration step long value μ and image sharpness functional value
oAnd control voltage disturbance value δ u
oProduct μ δ J
oδ u
o, obtain the control voltage signal u that this iteration is applied to each actuator of image selection area
1=u
o-μ δ J
oδ u
oController 12 will be controlled voltage signal u
1=u
o-μ δ J
oδ u
oBe applied on the actuator of image selection area correspondence, after calculating applies the voltage signal of this iteration, the image sharpness functional value of the selection area of images acquired; Then controller 12 relatively go on foot the image sharpness functional value that obtains after this iteration and the image sharpness functional value behind the last iteration absolute difference whether less than predetermined threshold value, if, execution in step S108 then: stop iteration; If not, execution in step S109 then: return and continue to carry out next iteration.
In practice, between controller 12 and wave-front corrector 11, wave-front corrector driver element 13 can be set, be used for being applied to again on the wave-front corrector 11 after being applied to voltage signal on the wave-front corrector 11 and amplifying.
The wavefront correction system that improves image quality of expansion target image forming that present embodiment provides does not need complicated Wavefront sensor, do not need beacon or reference picture yet, system architecture is simple, in addition, because native system is based on the optimization process of image, the zone of wavefront correction can be adjusted according to the selection of the integral domain S of image sharpness function, so can realize wide visual field wavefront correction.In addition,, proofread and correct, can also further save the time of iterative process so can carry out specific aim to the picture element in a certain zone owing to can select correcting area.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a wave front correction method that improves image quality of expansion target image forming is characterized in that, comprises repeatedly iterative process, and wherein each iterative process comprises:
A. calculate the image sharpness functional value of the selection area that applies the image of gathering before the control voltage disturbance signal;
B. each actuator in the wave-front corrector is produced and obey the control voltage disturbance signal that Bernoulli Jacob distributes, and with the current control voltage signal addition that is applied on each actuator, and the control voltage signal that addition obtains affacted respectively on each actuator, calculate the image sharpness functional value of the selection area that applies the images acquired behind the control voltage disturbance signal;
The image sharpness functional value of the image sharpness functional value that C. calculates the selection area apply the image behind the control voltage disturbance signal and the selection area that applies the image before the control voltage disturbance signal poor obtains the disturbed value of image sharpness functional value of the selection area of image;
D. cancel the control voltage disturbance signal that is applied on each actuator, to apply the product that control voltage signal before the control voltage disturbance signal subtracts the control voltage disturbance signal that produces among the disturbed value of the image sharpness functional value that obtains among iteration step long value and the step C and the step B to each actuator, and obtain this iteration and be applied to control voltage signal on each actuator;
E. the control voltage signal that described this iteration is applied on each actuator is applied on the corresponding actuator, calculates to apply the image sharpness functional value that described this iteration is applied to the described selection area of the later images acquired of control voltage signal on each actuator;
F. when the size of the difference of the image sharpness functional value of the selection area of this and last iteration images acquired during, stop iterative process, otherwise continue to carry out next iteration less than predetermined threshold value.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the iteration step long value among the described step D be iteration step long value in the last iteration process divided by last iteration after the image sharpness functional value of selection area of images acquired.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described method also comprises: the control voltage signal that is applied to each actuator of described wave-front corrector all passed through amplification before being applied to each actuator.
4. a wavefront correction system that improves image quality of expansion target image forming is characterized in that, comprises the wave-front corrector that is arranged in the imaging optical path, and controller, and described controller is used to carry out repeatedly iterative process, and described each iterative process comprises:
A. calculate the image sharpness functional value of the selection area that applies the image of gathering before the control voltage disturbance signal;
B. each actuator in the wave-front corrector is produced and obey the control voltage disturbance signal that Bernoulli Jacob distributes, and with the current control voltage signal addition that is applied on each actuator, and the control voltage signal that addition obtains affacted respectively on each actuator, calculate the image sharpness functional value of the selection area that applies the images acquired behind the control voltage disturbance signal;
The image sharpness functional value of the image sharpness functional value that C. calculates the selection area apply the image behind the control voltage disturbance signal and the selection area that applies the image before the control voltage disturbance signal poor obtains the disturbed value of image sharpness functional value of the selection area of image;
D. cancel the control voltage disturbance signal on each actuator of the selection area correspondence that is applied to image, to apply the product that voltage signal before the control voltage disturbance signal subtracts the control voltage disturbance signal that produces among the disturbed value of the image sharpness functional value that obtains among iteration step long value and the step C and the step B to each actuator, and obtain this iteration and be applied to control voltage signal on each actuator;
E. the control voltage signal that described this iteration is applied on each actuator is applied on the corresponding actuator, calculates the image sharpness functional value of the described selection area of the later images acquired of control voltage signal that applies this iteration;
F. when the size of the difference of the image sharpness functional value of the selection area of this and last iteration images acquired during, stop iterative process, otherwise continue to carry out next iteration less than predetermined threshold value.
5. wavefront correction according to claim 4 system, it is characterized in that, described wavefront correction system also comprises the wave-front corrector driver element, is used for being applied on the described wave-front corrector after being applied to control voltage signal on the described wave-front corrector and amplifying again.
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