CN101692163A - Method and system for remotely calibrating frequency standards - Google Patents
Method and system for remotely calibrating frequency standards Download PDFInfo
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- CN101692163A CN101692163A CN 200910176930 CN200910176930A CN101692163A CN 101692163 A CN101692163 A CN 101692163A CN 200910176930 CN200910176930 CN 200910176930 CN 200910176930 A CN200910176930 A CN 200910176930A CN 101692163 A CN101692163 A CN 101692163A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for remotely calibrating frequency standards, which overcome the defect that the frequency standards to be calibrated need to be powered off and are arranged in the same laboratory as a reference party in the prior art. The calibration method uses a reference frequency standard or a system time of a satellite navigation and positioning system as the reference party and can realize the remote calibration of the frequency standards to be calibrated without arranging the frequency standards to be calibrated and the reference party in the same laboratory. The method has high calibration precision and can calibrate items such as standard time, time stability and the like which cannot be calibrated by using a direct measurement method. The calibration system is provided with a receiver in the party to be calibrated or in both the party to be calibrated and the reference party respectively, uses each frequency standard as a clock reference of the corresponding receiver respectively, and obtains the time deviation, the frequency deviation, the time stability and the frequency stability of the receiver and the reference party by calculating the clock offset between the party to be calibrated and the reference party. Therefore, the calibration system has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of calibration steps and system thereof of time and frequency standard, particularly a kind of method and system thereof that frequency standard is carried out remote calibration based on the satellite navigation and location system carrier phase.
Background technology
As everyone knows, frequency standard is to produce standard-frequency signal, and is used for carrying out a kind of measuring apparatus of frequency and time measurement.At present, it mainly is to adopt the direct method of measurement that frequency standard is calibrated, and, frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard is placed on same laboratory that is, utilizes surveying instrument directly to treat the calibration frequency standard and calibrates.Fig. 1 shows the direct measuring method of several frequency standard calibrations commonly used at present:
1. phase comparing method
Figure 1A is the schematic diagram that utilizes phase comparing method calibration frequency standard.As shown in FIG., the frequency signal of frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard output is imported respectively than instrument mutually, then, than phase instrument two frequency signals are compared, obtain the phase difference value of two frequency signals, thereby calculate frequency difference and frequency stability, realize treating the calibration of calibration frequency standard thus.
2. two mixing time difference methods
Figure 1B is the schematic diagram that utilizes two mixing time difference method calibration frequency standards.As shown in FIG., the frequency signal of frequency standard to be calibrated and the output of reference frequency standard is imported two mixing time difference measurement instrument respectively, two mixing time difference measurement instrument are measured the frequency signal of two frequency standards, obtain the time difference value of two frequency signals, thereby calculate frequency difference and frequency stability, realize treating the calibration of calibration frequency standard thus.
3. time-interval counter method
Fig. 1 C is the schematic diagram that utilizes time-interval counter method calibration frequency standard.As shown in FIG., pps pulse per second signal difference interval counter input time of frequency standard to be calibrated and the output of reference frequency standard, time-interval counter is measured the pps pulse per second signal of two frequency standards, obtain the time difference value of two pps pulse per second signals, thereby calculate frequency difference and frequency stability, realize treating the calibration of calibration frequency standard thus.
Above-mentioned direct measuring method ratio is easier to realize.But, this method must be placed on frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard in the same laboratory and measure, frequency standard to be calibrated must be treated the generation of calibration frequency standard itself and related work and interrupt and adverse effect easily through moving processes such as reaching outage.In addition, if frequency standard to be calibrated is responsible for keeping the somewhere markers, then the local markers in outage back will be interrupted, so the direct method of measurement can't be calibrated markers constantly.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the defective that exists in the above-mentioned prior art, first purpose of the present invention provides a kind of frequency standard remote calibration method, this calibration steps has been realized the remote calibration to frequency standard, markers that simultaneously can also the calibration frequency standard constantly, degree of stability and frequency stability constantly.
Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of system that utilizes said method to carry out long-range frequency standard calibration, and this system has realized the remote calibration of frequency standard under the energising duty, and it is simple in structure, the user is easy to operate, measuring accuracy is high.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of frequency standard remote calibration method, it comprises the steps:
A) with one or more frequency standard to be calibrated respectively as the clock reference of one or more satellite navigation and location system receiver of corresponding number;
B) utilize described one or more satellite navigation and location system receiver receiving satellite signal, obtain satellite navigation and location system carrier phase measurement data;
C) be standard data format with described carrier phase measurement data storage;
D) the carrier phase measurement data that will be stored as standard data format are sent to data handling machine, carry out data pre-service, error modeling and compensation, delay mensuration and deduction, foundation is also resolved the carrier phase observation equation, carries out parameter estimation simultaneously, obtains the clock correction of described receiver; And
E) calculate according to the clock correction of described receiver, moment deviation when obtaining the system of frequency standard to be calibrated and satellite navigation and location system, frequency departure, degree of stability and frequency stability constantly, thus calibration finished to described one or more frequency standard to be calibrated.
The present invention also provides a kind of frequency standard remote calibration method, and it comprises the steps:
A) with one or more frequency standard to be calibrated and a reference frequency standard respectively as the clock reference of the satellite navigation and location system receiver of corresponding number;
B) utilize described satellite navigation and location system receiver receiving satellite signal respectively, obtain satellite navigation and location system carrier phase measurement data;
C) be standard data format with described carrier phase measurement data storage;
D) the carrier phase measurement data that will be stored as standard data format are sent to data handling machine, carry out data pre-service, error modeling and compensation, delay mensuration and deduction, foundation is also resolved the carrier phase observation equation, carries out parameter estimation simultaneously, obtains the clock correction of described receiver; And
E) calculate according to the clock correction of described receiver, obtain moment deviation, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and the frequency stability of one or more frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard, thereby finish calibration described one or more frequency standard to be calibrated.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of frequency standard remote calibration system, it comprises: one or more receiver that is used to receive the satellite navigation and location system satellite-signal; Link to each other with described one or more receiver, be used as corresponding one or more frequency standard to be calibrated of the clock reference of described one or more receiver; One or more data storage computing machine that links to each other with described one or more receiver, is used to gather the observation data of described receiver and described observation data is stored as standard data format; And data handling machine, this data handling machine be used to receive one or more data storage Computer Storage data, set up and resolve the carrier phase observation equation, obtain the clock correction of receiver, and further the clock correction of described receiver is compared, moment deviation when obtaining one or more frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, degree of stability and frequency stability constantly, the i.e. moment deviation of described one or more frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, degree of stability and frequency stability constantly respectively with the system of satellite navigation and location system.
The present invention also provides a kind of system of frequency standard remote calibration, and it comprises: the reference side's receiver that is used to receive the satellite navigation and location system satellite-signal; Link to each other with described reference side receiver, be used as the reference frequency standard of the clock reference of described reference side receiver; Be used to receive one or more side's receiver to be calibrated of satellite navigation and location system satellite-signal; Link to each other with described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated, be used as one or more frequency standard to be calibrated of the clock reference of described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated; Link to each other, be used to gather the observation data of described reference side receiver with described reference side receiver and described observation data is stored as the reference number formulary of standard data format according to the storage computation machine; Link to each other, be used to gather the observation data of described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated with described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated and described observation data is stored as one or more number formulary to be calibrated of standard data format according to the storage computation machine; And data handling machine, described data handling machine be used to receive described with reference to number formulary according to the storage computation machine, number formulary to be calibrated is according to the data of storage computation machine storage, set up and resolve the carrier phase observation equation, obtain described reference side, the clock correction of side's receiver to be calibrated, and further the clock correction of described receiver is compared, obtain the moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability, the i.e. moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability.
The carrier phase that the present invention is based on satellite navigation and location system is carried out frequency calibration, when utilizing the system of reference frequency standard or satellite navigation and location system, it, need not frequency standard to be calibrated and reference side are placed on the remote calibration that the calibration frequency standard can be realized treating in same laboratory as calibration reference.The project that the direct methods of measurement such as simultaneously, owing to the time need not frequency standard outage to be calibrated in calibration, its markers can be moved continuously, so this method can calibrate markers constantly, and is stable constantly can not be calibrated.In addition, this method is calibrated based on satellite navigation and location system carrier phase measurement technology, and its calibration accuracy is higher, and time difference degree of stability can be controlled in inferior ns level, can reach 2 * 10 with respect to the difference on the frequency uncertainty of measurement
-15Magnitude/sky.
Frequency standard calibration system of the present invention is simple in structure, need not adopt direct method surveying instruments such as time-interval counter, only need the receiver with satellite navigation and location system carrier phase observing capacity to be set respectively side to be calibrated or side to be calibrated and reference side, and with frequency standard to be calibrated or frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard respectively as the clock reference of a receiver, when calculating the system of side's receiver clock to be calibrated and satellite navigation and location system or the time difference of reference side's receiver clock, and then calculate the moment deviation of receiver and reference side, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability.Therefore, this calibration system is simple in structure, easy to operate.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is the schematic diagram that utilizes phase comparing method calibration frequency standard;
Figure 1B is the schematic diagram that utilizes two mixing time difference method calibration frequency standards;
Fig. 1 C is the schematic diagram that utilizes time-interval counter method calibration frequency standard;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation according to first preferred implementation of frequency standard remote calibration of the present invention system;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation according to second preferred implementation of frequency standard remote calibration of the present invention system;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram according to first preferred implementation of frequency standard remote calibration method of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram according to second preferred implementation of frequency standard remote calibration method of the present invention; And
Fig. 6 is the time difference observed reading of frequency standard remote calibration method according to the present invention when calibrating.
Reference numeral:
The 201GPS receiver; 202 frequency standards to be calibrated;
203 data storage computing machines; 204 data handling machines;
301 reference side GPS receivers; 302 side GPS receivers to be calibrated;
303 reference frequency standards; 304 frequency standards to be calibrated;
305 with reference to number formulary according to the storage computation machine; 306 number formularies to be calibrated are according to the storage computation machine;
307 data handling machines.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawings preferred implementation of the present invention is elaborated.
The invention provides a kind of frequency standard remote calibration method, in its first preferred implementation, it comprises the steps:
Step 1: with one or more frequency standard to be calibrated respectively as the clock reference of one or more satellite navigation and location system receiver of corresponding number;
Step 2: utilize described one or more satellite navigation and location system receiver receiving satellite signal, obtain satellite navigation and location system carrier phase measurement data;
Step 3: with described carrier phase measurement data storage is standard data format;
Step 4: the carrier phase measurement data that will be stored as standard data format are sent to data handling machine, carry out data pre-service, error modeling and compensation, delay mensuration and deduction, foundation is also resolved the carrier phase observation equation, carries out parameter estimation simultaneously, obtains the clock correction of described receiver; And
Step 5: the clock correction according to described receiver is calculated, moment deviation when obtaining the system of frequency standard to be calibrated and satellite navigation and location system, frequency departure, degree of stability and frequency stability constantly, thus calibration finished to described one or more frequency standard to be calibrated.
In the present embodiment, satellite navigation and location system can be any satellite navigation system, can for but be not limited to GPS (GPS), GLONASS (Global Navigation SatelliteSystem, GPS (Global Position System)), satellite navigation system such as COMPASS (big-dipper satellite positioning system), Galileo (Galileo) Global Positioning System (GPS), in the present embodiment, preferably adopt GPS.
For utilizing said method of the present invention to realize remote calibration to frequency standard, the invention provides a kind of frequency standard remote calibration system, it comprises one or more receiver that is used to receive the satellite navigation and location system satellite-signal; Link to each other with described one or more receiver, be used as corresponding one or more frequency standard to be calibrated of the clock reference of described one or more receiver; One or more data storage computing machine that links to each other with described one or more receiver, is used to gather the observation data of described receiver and described observation data is stored as standard data format; And data handling machine, described data handling machine is used to receive the data of described one or more data storage Computer Storage, set up and resolve the carrier phase observation equation, obtain the clock correction of receiver, and further the clock correction of described receiver is compared, moment deviation when obtaining one or more frequency standard to be calibrated respectively with the system of satellite navigation and location system, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability, the i.e. moment deviation of described one or more frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability.
Fig. 2 shows first preferred implementation of said frequencies standard remote calibration system.This remote calibration system comprises: the GPS receiver 201 that is used to receive the satellite-signal of satellite navigation and location system; Link to each other with this GPS receiver 201, be used as the frequency standard to be calibrated 202 of the clock reference of this GPS receiver 201; The data storage computing machine 203 that links to each other with this GPS receiver 201, is used to receive the observation data of GPS receiver 201 and observation data is stored as standard data format; And data handling machine 204, this data handling machine 204 be used to receive 203 storages of data storage computing machine data, set up and resolve the carrier phase observation equation, thereby obtain the clock correction of receiver, and further the clock correction of receiver is analyzed, moment deviation when obtaining the system of frequency standard to be calibrated 202 and satellite navigation and location system, frequency departure, degree of stability and frequency stability constantly, the i.e. moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, degree of stability and frequency stability constantly.Finish the calibration for the treatment of the calibration frequency standard thus.
In the present embodiment, data handling machine 204 can directly link to each other with data storage computing machine 203 to receive its data; Also can receive the data of data storage computing machine 203 storages by the mode of Network Transmission, this Network Transmission mode can for but be not limited to transmission modes such as FTP, email, in the present embodiment, the preferred employing by data storage computing machine 203 transmitted data to the mode that data handling machine 204 sends email.
In the present embodiment, when carrying out remote calibration, the delay of transmission line and device need use corresponding instrument to measure, can for but be not limited to network analyzer, and measurement result can compensate in final calibration result.
For different satellite navigation and location systems, the carrier wave frequency range difference can observe the receiver of the carrier phase of this satellite navigation and location system and pseudo-random code signal also different.In the present embodiment, satellite navigation and location system preferably adopts gps system, and receiver preferably adopts the GPS receiver that can observe GPS L1 and L2 carrier phase and pseudo-random code signal.According to the present invention, for the embodiment that adopts other satellite navigation and location system, those skilled in the art just can implement through simple transformation, are not described in detail at this.
In the present embodiment, GPS receiver 201 can for but be not limited to geodetic type receiver, dual-frequency receiver, in the present embodiment, preferred GPS receiver 201 is a GPS double frequency hyperchannel geodetic type receiver.
In the present embodiment, GPS receiver 201 certain hours at interval receives a satellite-signal, this time interval be data acquisition at interval, this data acquisition comprises that at interval length is the integer time of second, can for but be not limited to 30s.
The data that data handling machine 204 receives 203 storages of the data storage computing machines line data of going forward side by side is handled, is set up the carrier phase equation, and finds the solution GPS receiver 201 clock correction.In the present embodiment, for finding the solution clock correction, the time interval of data handling machine 204 deal with data is the data processing interval, and this data processing is spaced apart data acquisition integral multiple at interval.
Fig. 4 shows and utilizes said frequencies standard calibration system to carry out the process flow diagram of remote calibration, and it comprises the steps:
Step 1: with the clock reference of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated as a GPS receiver 201.Specifically be timing signal and frequency standard signal input GPS receiver 201 with frequency standard 202 to be calibrated, and as the clock reference of this GPS receiver 201, in the present embodiment, preferably with the 1PPS timing signal of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated and 5M or 10M frequency signal input GPS receiver 201 with clock reference as this GPS receiver 201.
Step 2:GPS receiver 201 receives gps satellite signal, thereby obtains the carrier phase measurement data.In the present embodiment, concrete grammar is to utilize the carrier phase measurement method to measure the phase change value of gps carrier signal on travel path, with the distance of determining that carrier signal is propagated.When carrying out carrier phase measurement, the carrier signal that it is given value λ that satellite S sends a wavelength, t at any time, its phase place at satellite S place is
Process is apart from ρ, and the phase place when carrier signal propagates into receiver K place is
Calculate for convenient, carrier phase is a unit with all numbers all.Then by S to K, the phase change of carrier signal is
Wherein, both comprise the complete cycle number of phase change, also comprised the less than fraction part in one week.According to this method, if can measure
Satellite S being then to receiver K apart from ρ:
Wherein, N
0For carrier signal in t phase change value constantly
The complete cycle fractional part, i.e. integer ambiguity,
For
In the fraction part of not enough one-period.
In actual applications, owing to can't record the phase place of carrier signal at satellite S place
Therefore, in the present embodiment, receiver can produce a frequency and first phase and i the identical reference signal of gps satellite carrier signal, t at any one time then, and the phase place of receiver reference signal is the phase place of carrier signal on the satellite.
According to said method, the carrier signal of i gps satellite when receiver can access moment t, because carrier signal is a kind of periodic sinusoidal signal, actual phase can't be measured integer ambiguity N in measuring
0, can only measure the less than fraction part in one week.And owing to ionosphere, troposphere, solid tide, relativistic effect equal error, retardations such as cable, adapter, receiver, antenna, influence such as receiver noise and multipath effect, by complete cycle jump to detect and blur level definite after, when doing observation, be that the carrier phase observation equation of unit is with rice with the carrier phase observed quantity:
ΔΦ
i(t) λ=R
i(t)+λ N
i+ Cd τ
i(t)-Cd τ
t(t)-d ρ
Ion+ d ρ
Trop+ v
Φ+ dM wherein,
ΔΦ
i(t) be in the carrier wave lagging phase observed reading of moment t between receiving station and i the gps satellite;
R
i(t) be at the geometric distance of moment t between receiving station and i the gps satellite;
C is the light velocity;
λ is the carrier wavelength of gps signal;
N
iBe the carrier phase hysteresis complete cycle number of receiving station at i gps satellite of moment t to the, that is, and integer ambiguity;
D τ
t(t) be the clock of the gps signal receiver deviation during with respect to gps system;
D τ
i(t) be the clock of i the gps satellite deviation during with respect to gps system;
D ρ
IonThe transmission delay that causes for ionosphere;
D ρ
TropThe transmission delay that causes for the troposphere;
v
ΦFor receiver is measured noise;
DM is the multipath error.
Step 3: with the carrier phase measurement data storage is standard data format.In the present embodiment, specifically be the carrier phase measurement data that data storage computing machine 203 receives GPS receivers 201, and be to measure blanket standard data format in the application at GPS with the carrier phase measurement data storage.This standard data format can for but be not limited to RINEX (Receiver Independent ExchangeFormat is with the irrelevant Interchange Format of receiver).
Step 4: the carrier phase measurement data that will be stored as standard data format are sent to data handling machine 204, carry out data pre-service, error modeling and compensation, delay mensuration and deduction, set up and resolve the carrier phase observation equation, carry out parameter estimation simultaneously, obtain the clock correction of GPS receiver 201.In the present embodiment, data handling machine 204 can directly link to each other with data storage computing machine 203 to receive its data; Also can receive the data of data storage computing machine 203 storages by the mode of Network Transmission, this Network Transmission mode can for but be not limited to transmission modes such as FTP, email, in the present embodiment, the preferred employing by data storage computing machine 203 transmitted data to the mode that data handling machine 204 sends email.
This step is specifically: at first, the carrier phase measurement data that are stored as the RINEX file that data storage computing machine 203 is transmitted gather, and be the data layout * .xxo relevant, and download ephemeris files such as corresponding IGS (international GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) service) ephemeris file and the corresponding sun, the moon, ut1, leap second with the time with the uniform format of RINEX file.In the present embodiment, the xx correspondence the corresponding time, and for example 2008 is * .08o, and 2009 is * .09o.
Once more, to the error modeling compensation, it comprises the compensation of relativity correction equal error that ionosphere, troposphere, sagnac (Sagnac) effect, antenna coordinate, ephemeris and gps satellite orbital eccentricity are caused.
Then, deduction is measured in delay, comprises the mensuration deduction to delays such as cable and miniature device delay, day wire delay and receiver internal latencies.
At last, set up the carrier phase observation equation, and utilize GPS geodetic analysis software to carry out the carrier phase observation equation and resolve, carry out the estimation of unknown parameter simultaneously, obtain the clock correction value of GPS receiver 201.In the present embodiment, unknown parameter comprises integer ambiguity and GPS receiver clock correction.The method of estimation concrete to above-mentioned unknown parameter is: utilize least square method to obtain the floating-point blur level in single poor observation equation, after being converted into two difference floating-point blur leveles, in two poor observation equations, utilize the LAMBDA method to carry out integer ambiguity and fix, obtain integer ambiguity; In single poor observation equation, utilize the Kalman filtering method to calculate final GPS receiver clock correction according to the integer ambiguity value that obtains.
According to the description of said method in this step,, can access a plurality of carrier phase observation equations, thereby set up the observation equation group that unknown parameter is GPS receiver clock correction and integer ambiguity according to observation difference constantly.Process is resolved system of equations, finally obtains the deviate of GPS receiver clock and gps system time, and the elapsed time frequency dependence calculates the time difference, frequency difference and the degree of stability that can obtain final receiver Reference clock.Specifically be to utilize GPS geodetic analysis software to carry out the carrier phase observation equation to resolve, obtain the clock correction Δ t of GPS receiver 201
i, i=1 ... n.
Step 5: the clock correction of this GPS receiver 201 is the time difference of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated, calculates deviation, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability constantly according to the time difference then, thereby finishes the calibration for the treatment of calibration frequency standard 202.Concrete computing method are: after the time difference value of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated is averaged is exactly the moment deviation of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated:
After the time difference value of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated carried out linear fit, slope is the frequency difference value of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated, it is the frequency departure of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated, utilize the time difference value of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated to calculate its standard deviation value, this is the moment degree of stability of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated:
The Allan standard deviation value that utilizes the time difference value of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated to calculate corresponding sampling interval is the frequency stability of frequency standard 202 to be calibrated:
In the present embodiment, sampling interval is a data processing integral multiple at interval.In addition, in resolving process, use comprise satellite clock offset correction value and satellite is provided by the IGS website at the IGS precise ephemeris of information such as rail precision positions value.
After calculating the moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability, these data are the result to the frequency standard calibration, finish the calibration for the treatment of the calibration frequency standard thus.
The invention provides a kind of frequency standard remote calibration method, in its second preferred implementation, it comprises the steps:
A) with one or more frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard respectively as the clock reference of the satellite navigation and location system receiver of corresponding number;
B) utilize described satellite navigation and location system receiver receiving satellite signal respectively, thereby obtain the carrier phase measurement data;
C) gather carrier phase measurement data and be standard data format with described carrier phase measurement data storage;
D) the carrier phase measurement data that will be stored as standard data format are sent to data handling machine, carry out data pre-service, error modeling and compensation, delay mensuration and deduction, foundation is also resolved the carrier phase observation equation, carries out parameter estimation simultaneously, obtains the clock correction of described receiver; And
E) calculate according to the clock correction of described receiver, obtain moment deviation, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and the frequency stability of one or more frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard, thereby finish calibration described one or more frequency standard to be calibrated.
Utilize said method of the present invention to realize remote calibration to frequency standard, the invention provides a kind of frequency standard remote calibration system, it comprises the reference side's receiver that is used to receive the satellite navigation and location system satellite-signal; Link to each other with described reference side receiver, be used as the reference frequency standard of the clock reference of described reference side receiver; Be used to receive one or more side's receiver to be calibrated of satellite navigation and location system satellite-signal; Link to each other with described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated, be used as one or more frequency standard to be calibrated of the clock reference of described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated; Link to each other, be used to gather the observation data of described reference side receiver with described reference side receiver and described observation data is stored as the reference number formulary of standard data format according to the storage computation machine; Link to each other, be used to gather the observation data of described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated with described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated and described observation data is stored as one or more number formulary to be calibrated of standard data format according to the storage computation machine; And data handling machine, described data handling machine be used to receive described with reference to number formulary according to the storage computation machine, number formulary to be calibrated is according to the data of storage computation machine storage, set up and resolve the carrier phase observation equation, obtain described reference side, the clock correction of side's receiver to be calibrated, and further the clock correction of described receiver is compared, obtain the moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability, the i.e. moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability.
In second preferred implementation of frequency standard remote calibration of the present invention system, this frequency standard remote calibration system comprises: the reference side's receiver and the side's receiver to be calibrated that are used to receive the satellite-signal of satellite navigation and location system; Link to each other with reference side's receiver, as this reference frequency standard with reference to the clock reference of square receiver; Link to each other with side's receiver to be calibrated, be used as the frequency standard to be calibrated of the clock reference of this side's receiver to be calibrated; Link to each other, be used to gather this with reference side's receiver and be stored as the reference number formulary of standard data format according to the storage computation machine with reference to the observation data of square receiver and with observation data; Link to each other, be used to gather the observation data of this side's receiver to be calibrated with side's receiver to be calibrated and observation data is stored as the number formulary to be calibrated of standard data format according to the storage computation machine; And data handling machine, this data handling machine is used for receiving reference side, number formulary to be calibrated is according to the data of storage computation machine storage, set up the carrier phase observation equation and this carrier phase observation equation is resolved, thereby obtain this respectively with reference to the side, clock correction during the system of side's receiver to be calibrated and satellite navigation and location system, and further the clock correction of two receivers is compared, obtain the moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability, it is the moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability, these data are the result who treats the calibration frequency standard calibration, finish the calibration for the treatment of the calibration frequency standard thus.
In the present embodiment, satellite navigation and location system preferably adopts gps system, and receiver preferably adopts the GPS receiver that can observe GPS L1 and L2 carrier phase and pseudo-random code signal.For the embodiment that adopts other satellite navigation and location system, just can implement through simple transformation, be not described in detail at this, Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of this embodiment.As shown in FIG., this frequency standard remote calibration system comprises: the reference side GPS receiver 301 and the side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated that are used to receive the satellite-signal of satellite navigation and location system; Link to each other with reference side GPS receiver 301, as this reference frequency standard 303 with reference to the clock reference of square GPS receiver 301; Link to each other with side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated, be used as the frequency standard to be calibrated 304 of the clock reference of this side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated; Link to each other, be used to receive this with reference side GPS receiver 301 and be stored as the reference number formulary of standard data format according to storage computation machine 305 with reference to the observation data of square GPS receiver 301 and with observation data; Link to each other, be used to receive the observation data of this side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated with side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated and observation data is stored as the number formulary to be calibrated of standard data format according to storage computation machine 306; And data handling machine 307, this data handling machine 307 is used for receiving reference side, number formulary to be calibrated is according to storage computation machine 305, the data of 306 storages, set up the carrier phase observation equation and this carrier phase observation equation is resolved, thereby obtain this respectively with reference to the side, side GPS receiver 301 to be calibrated, 302 clock correction when the gps system, and further the clock correction of two receivers is compared, obtain the moment deviation of frequency standard 304 to be calibrated and reference frequency standard 303, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability, it is the moment deviation of accurate frequency standard 304 to be calibrated, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability, these data are the result who treats 304 calibrations of calibration frequency standard, finish the calibration for the treatment of the calibration frequency standard thus.
In the present embodiment, data handling machine 307 can directly link to each other to receive its data according to storage computation machine 305,306 with reference side, number formulary to be calibrated; Also can receive reference side, number formulary to be calibrated data by the mode of Network Transmission according to 305,306 storages of storage computation machine, this Network Transmission mode can for but be not limited to transmission modes such as FTP, email, in the present embodiment, the preferred employing by reference side, number formulary to be calibrated transmitted data according to storage computation machine 305,306 to the mode that data handling machine 307 sends email.
In the present embodiment, when carrying out remote calibration, the delay of transmission line and device need use corresponding instrument to measure, can for but be not limited to network analyzer, and measurement result can compensate in final calibration result.
In the present embodiment, reference side GPS receiver 301, side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated can be observed GPS L1 and L2 carrier phase and pseudo-random code signal, they can for but be not limited to geodetic type receiver, dual-frequency receiver, in the present embodiment, preferred reference side GPS receiver 301, side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated are respectively GPS double frequency hyperchannel geodetic type receiver.
Reference frequency standard 303 can be the temporal frequency benchmark of any country, place, industry or department, can for but be not limited to the rubidium clock of atomic clock, atomic clock group, crystal oscillator, GNSS control or crystal oscillator etc., in the present embodiment, preferred reference frequency standard 303 is hydrogen atomic clock or cesium-beam atomic clock.
Frequency standard 304 to be calibrated is frequency standard or time and frequency standard, can for but be not limited to the rubidium clock of atomic clock, atomic clock group, crystal oscillator, GNSS control or crystal oscillator etc., in the present embodiment, preferred frequency standard to be calibrated 304 is hydrogen atomic clock or cesium-beam atomic clock.
Reference side GPS receiver 301, side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated link to each other with frequency standard 304 to be calibrated with reference frequency standard 303 respectively, the timing signal of two frequency standards and frequency standard signal are imported respective receiver respectively with the clock reference as this receiver, in the present embodiment, preferably with the 1PPS signal of two frequency standards and 5M or 10M frequency signal input respective receiver with clock reference as this receiver.
In the present embodiment, receiver at interval certain hour receives a satellite-signal, this time interval be data acquisition at interval, this data acquisition comprises that at interval length is the integer time of second, can for but be not limited to 30s.
The data that data handling machine receives the data storage Computer Storage line data of going forward side by side is handled, is set up the carrier phase equation, and finds the solution the clock correction of reference side GPS receiver 301 and side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated.In the present embodiment, for finding the solution clock correction, the time interval of data handling machine deal with data is the data processing interval, and this data processing is spaced apart data acquisition integral multiple at interval.
Fig. 5 shows the process flow diagram that second preferred implementation of utilizing said frequencies standard calibration system is carried out remote calibration, comprises the steps:
Step 1: with frequency standard 304 to be calibrated and reference frequency standard 303 respectively as the clock reference of a GPS receiver.Specifically be the timing signal of reference frequency standard 303 and frequency standard to be calibrated 304 and frequency standard signal to be imported reference side GPS receiver 301, side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated respectively and as the clock reference of corresponding receiver, in the present embodiment, preferably with the 1PPS signal of two frequency standards and 5M or 10M frequency signal input respective receiver with clock reference as this receiver.
Step 2: reference side, side GPS receiver 301,302 to be calibrated receive gps satellite signal respectively, thereby obtain the carrier phase measurement data.In the present embodiment, the method that reference side, side GPS receiver 301,302 to be calibrated obtain the carrier phase measurement data is identical with the method principle that GPS receiver 201 in first preferred implementation of frequency standard calibration system obtains the carrier phase measurement data, is not repeated in this description at this.In the present embodiment, this step can obtain the method enforcement of carrier phase measurement data according to the GPS receiver 201 in first preferred implementation.
Step 3: with described carrier phase measurement data storage is standard data format.In the present embodiment, specifically be the carrier phase measurement data that receive reference side GPS receiver 301, side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated with reference to number formulary according to storage computation machine 305 and number formulary to be calibrated according to storage computation machine 306 respectively, and be blanket standard data format in GPS measure to use with the carrier phase measurement data storage, this standard data format can for but be not limited to the RINEX data layout.
Step 4: the carrier phase measurement data that will be stored as standard data format are sent to data handling machine 307, carry out data pre-service, error modeling and compensation, delay mensuration and deduction, set up and resolve the carrier phase observation equation, carry out parameter estimation simultaneously, obtain the clock correction of both sides GPS receiver.This step is specifically: at first, to gather according to the carrier phase measurement data that storage computation machine 306 is stored as the RINEX file according to storage computation machine 305 and number formulary to be calibrated with reference to number formulary, and be the data layout * .xxo relevant, and download ephemeris files such as corresponding IGS ephemeris file and the corresponding sun, the moon, ut1, leap second with the time with the uniform format of RINEX file.
Once more, to the error modeling compensation, it comprises the compensation of relativity correction equal error that ionosphere, troposphere, sagnac effect, antenna coordinate, ephemeris and gps satellite orbital eccentricity are caused.
Then, deduction is measured in delay, comprises the mensuration deduction to delays such as cable and miniature device delay, day wire delay and receiver internal latencies.
At last, set up the carrier phase observation equation, and utilize GPS geodetic analysis software to carry out the carrier phase observation equation and resolve, carry out the estimation of unknown parameter simultaneously, obtain the clock correction value of reference side GPS receiver 301 and side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated.In the present embodiment, unknown parameter comprises GPS receiver clock correction and integer ambiguity.Concrete solution procedure is: in single poor observation equation, utilizing least square method to obtain the floating-point blur level, be converted to two difference floating-point blur leveles after, in two poor observation equations, utilize the LAMBDA method to carry out blur level and fix, obtain integer ambiguity; In single poor observation equation, utilize the Kalman filtering method to calculate final GPS receiver clock correction according to the integer ambiguity value that obtains again.
According to the description of said method in this step,, obtain a plurality of carrier phase observation equations, thereby set up the observation equation group that unknown parameter is research station clock jitter and integer ambiguity according to observation difference constantly.Through to the resolving of system of equations, finally can obtain clock and the deviate of gps system time of two receivers 301,302 respectively, elapsed time frequency dependence calculating can obtain time clock correction, difference on the frequency and the degree of stability of final two receiver Reference clocks.Specifically be to utilize GPS geodetic analysis software to carry out the carrier phase observation equation to resolve, obtain the clock correction Δ t of reference side GPS receiver 301
i R1, i=1 ... n, and the clock correction Δ t of side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated
i R2, i=1 ... n.
Step 5: the clock correction according to reference side GPS receiver 301 and side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated is calculated, obtain moment deviation, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and the frequency stability of frequency standard 304 to be calibrated, thereby finish the calibration for the treatment of the calibration frequency standard.
Computing method concrete in this step are: will make the time difference value that difference can obtain both sides' frequency standard, the time difference of frequency standard 304 promptly to be calibrated with reference to the clock correction value of square GPS receiver 301 and side GPS receiver 302 to be calibrated:
It is exactly the moment deviation of frequency standard 304 to be calibrated that time difference of frequency standard 304 to be calibrated is averaged:
After the time difference value of frequency standard 304 to be calibrated carried out linear fit, slope was the frequency difference value of frequency standard 304 to be calibrated, the frequency departure of frequency standard 304 promptly to be calibrated; Utilize the time difference value of both sides' frequency standard to calculate its standard deviation value, this is the moment degree of stability of frequency standard 304 to be calibrated:
Utilize the time difference value of both sides' frequency standard to calculate the Allan standard deviation value of corresponding sampling interval, this is the frequency stability of frequency standard 304 to be calibrated:
In the present embodiment, sampling interval is a data processing integral multiple at interval.In addition, in resolving process, use comprise satellite clock offset correction value and satellite is provided by the IGS website at the IGS precise ephemeris of information such as rail precision positions value.
After calculating the moment deviation of frequency standard 304 to be calibrated, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability, these data are the result to the frequency standard calibration, finish the calibration for the treatment of calibration frequency standard 304 thus.
According to said method frequency standard is calibrated, the calibration accuracy that obtains is higher, time difference observed reading when Fig. 3 shows and calibrates according to this method, as seen from the figure, carry out the frequency standard calibration according to calibration steps of the present invention, time difference degree of stability can be controlled in inferior ns level, can reach 2 * 10 with respect to the difference on the frequency uncertainty of measurement
-15/ day magnitude.
Except that above-mentioned two preferred implementations, calibration system of the present invention also can be embodied as Jiang Duotai frequency standard to be calibrated respectively as the 3rd preferred implementation (not shown in the accompanying drawing) of the clock reference of many GPS receivers of corresponding number, in the 3rd preferred implementation, frequency standard to be calibrated is more than two or two.Wherein, every frequency standard to be calibrated is respectively as the clock reference of a GPS receiver, each data storage computing machine with the carrier phase measurement data transmission of each GPS receiver observation to data handling machine, this data handling machine is set up the carrier phase observation equation, and carry out parameter estimation simultaneously, all carrier phase observation equations are resolved synchronously, obtain the clock correction of each GPS receiver, calculate according to the clock correction of GPS receiver then, moment deviation when obtaining each frequency standard to be calibrated and gps system synchronously, frequency departure, constantly degree of stability and frequency stability, thus same step calibration finished to each frequency standard to be calibrated.In addition, in the 3rd preferred implementation, can also have a reference frequency standard, this reference frequency standard and every frequency standard to be calibrated are respectively as the clock reference of a GPS receiver, each data storage computing machine with the carrier phase measurement data transmission of each GPS receiver observation to data handling machine, this data handling machine is set up the carrier phase observation equation, and carry out parameter estimation simultaneously, all carrier phase observation equations are resolved synchronously, obtain the clock correction of each GPS receiver, calculate according to the clock correction of GPS receiver then, obtain the moment deviation of many frequency standards to be calibrated and reference frequency standard synchronously, frequency departure, constantly degree of stability and frequency stability, thus same step calibration finished to many frequency standards to be calibrated.Therefore, according to this 3rd preferred implementation, can carry out remote calibration to many frequency standards synchronously, calibration efficiency is improved significantly.
More than disclosed only be the preferred embodiments of the present invention, can not limit the scope of the present invention with this certainly.Be appreciated that the equivalent variations of doing according to the present invention's essence defined in the appended claims and scope, still belong to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (20)
1. a frequency standard remote calibration method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A) with one or more frequency standard to be calibrated respectively as the clock reference of one or more satellite navigation and location system receiver of corresponding number;
B) utilize described one or more satellite navigation and location system receiver receiving satellite signal, obtain satellite navigation and location system carrier phase measurement data;
C) be standard data format with described carrier phase measurement data storage;
D) the carrier phase measurement data that will be stored as standard data format are sent to data handling machine, carry out data pre-service, error modeling and compensation, delay mensuration and deduction, foundation is also resolved the carrier phase observation equation, carries out parameter estimation simultaneously, obtains the clock correction of described receiver; And
E) calculate according to the clock correction of described receiver, moment deviation when obtaining the system of frequency standard to be calibrated and satellite navigation and location system, frequency departure, degree of stability and frequency stability constantly, thus calibration finished to described one or more frequency standard to be calibrated.
2. a frequency standard remote calibration method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A) with one or more frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard respectively as the clock reference of the satellite navigation and location system receiver of corresponding number;
B) utilize described satellite navigation and location system receiver receiving satellite signal respectively, thereby obtain satellite navigation and location system carrier phase measurement data;
C) be standard data format with described carrier phase measurement data storage;
D) the carrier phase measurement data that will be stored as standard data format are sent to data handling machine, carry out data pre-service, error modeling and compensation, delay mensuration and deduction, foundation is also resolved the carrier phase observation equation, carries out parameter estimation simultaneously, obtains the clock correction of described receiver; And
E) calculate according to the clock correction of described receiver, obtain moment deviation, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and the frequency stability of one or more frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard, thereby finish calibration described one or more frequency standard to be calibrated.
3. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described satellite navigation and location system comprises gps system, GLONASS system, COMPASS system, Galileo system.
4. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described satellite navigation and location system is a gps system.
5. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in a step, the clock reference of described satellite navigation and location system receiver comprises the timing signal and the frequency standard signal of described frequency standard to be calibrated.
6. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, in a step, the clock reference of described satellite navigation and location system receiver comprises the timing signal and the frequency standard signal of described frequency standard to be calibrated or reference frequency standard.
7. as claim 4, one of 5 or 6 described frequency standard remote calibration methods, it is characterized in that described timing signal comprises the 1PPS signal; Described frequency standard signal comprises that frequency is the frequency signal of 5M or 10M.
8. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, in the c step, with the described carrier phase measurement data storage data file that is the RINEX form.
9. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, described d step further comprises:
D1) data pre-service, the carrier phase measurement data of one or many satellite navigation and location system receiver are gathered, and be the data layout * .xxo relevant, and download and comprise IGS ephemeris file and the corresponding sun, the moon, ut1 (a class universal time), leap second ephemeris file accordingly with the time with the uniform format of the RINEX file of described or many receivers;
D2) error modeling compensation comprises the modeling compensation of relativity correction equal error that ionosphere, troposphere, sagnac (Sagnac) effect, antenna coordinate, ephemeris and satellite navigation and location system eccentricity of satellite orbit are caused;
D3) deduction is measured in delay, comprises the mensuration deduction to delays such as cable and miniature device delay, day wire delay and receiver internal latencies; And
D4) set up the carrier phase observation equation, utilize the geodetic analysis software to carry out the carrier phase observation equation and resolve, carry out the estimation of unknown parameter simultaneously, obtain the clock correction value of described or many receivers.
10. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the data layout * .xxo during described d1 step is advanced, and wherein, the xx correspondence the corresponding time.
11. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described e step further comprises:
E1) time difference value during as frequency standard to be calibrated and satellite navigation and location system system with the clock correction value of receiver, i.e. the time difference value of frequency standard to be calibrated is exactly the moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated after the time difference value of frequency standard to be calibrated is averaged;
E2) time difference value is carried out linear fit, obtain the frequency difference value of frequency standard to be calibrated, be the frequency departure of frequency standard to be calibrated;
E3) utilize time difference value to calculate its standard deviation value, obtain the moment degree of stability of frequency standard to be calibrated;
E4) utilize time difference value to calculate the Allan of corresponding sampling interval (Allan) standard deviation value, obtain the frequency stability of frequency standard to be calibrated.
12. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, the moment deviation calculation formula of frequency standard to be calibrated is in the described e step:
The moment degree of stability computing formula of frequency standard to be calibrated is:
The frequency stability computing formula of frequency standard to be calibrated is:
13. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described e step further comprises:
E1) get the difference of the clock correction value of two receivers, thereby obtain the time difference value of frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard, being the time difference value of frequency standard to be calibrated, is exactly the moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated after the time difference value of frequency standard to be calibrated is averaged;
E2) will the time difference carry out linear fit, obtain the frequency difference value of frequency standard to be calibrated, be the frequency departure of frequency standard to be calibrated;
E3) utilize time difference value to calculate its standard deviation value, obtain the moment degree of stability of frequency standard to be calibrated;
E4) utilize time difference value to calculate the Allan standard deviation value of corresponding sampling interval, obtain the frequency stability of frequency standard to be calibrated.
14. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the time difference computing formula of frequency standard to be calibrated is in the described e step:
The frequency standard to be calibrated computing formula of deviation constantly is:
The frequency standard to be calibrated computing formula of degree of stability constantly is:
The computing formula of frequency standard frequency stability to be calibrated is:
15. frequency standard remote calibration method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the data acquisition that described receiver receives the satellite-signal of satellite navigation and location system comprises at interval and is spaced apart 30s.
16., it is characterized in that the data processing during described data handling machine deal with data is spaced apart described data acquisition integral multiple at interval as claim 1, one of 2 or 15 described frequency standard remote calibration methods.
17. a system that utilizes the described calibration steps of claim 1 to carry out the frequency standard remote calibration is characterized in that, comprising:
Be used to receive one or more receiver of satellite navigation and location system satellite-signal;
Link to each other with described one or more receiver, be used as corresponding one or more frequency standard to be calibrated of the clock reference of described one or more receiver;
One or more data storage computing machine that links to each other with described one or more receiver, is used to receive the observation data of described receiver and described observation data is stored as standard data format; And
Data handling machine, described data handling machine be used to receive described one or more data storage Computer Storage data, set up and resolve the carrier phase observation equation, obtain the clock correction of receiver, and further the clock correction of described receiver is analyzed, moment deviation when obtaining one or more frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, degree of stability and frequency stability constantly, the i.e. moment deviation of described one or more frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, degree of stability and frequency stability constantly respectively with the system of satellite navigation and location system.
18. a system that utilizes the described calibration steps of claim 2 to carry out the frequency standard remote calibration is characterized in that, comprising:
Be used to receive reference side's receiver of satellite navigation and location system satellite-signal;
Link to each other with described reference side receiver, be used as the reference frequency standard of the clock reference of described reference side receiver;
Be used to receive one or more side's receiver to be calibrated of satellite navigation and location system satellite-signal;
Link to each other with described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated, be used as one or more frequency standard to be calibrated of the clock reference of described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated;
Link to each other, be used to receive the observation data of described reference side receiver with described reference side receiver and described observation data is stored as the reference number formulary of standard data format according to the storage computation machine;
Link to each other, be used to receive the observation data of described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated with described one or more side's receiver to be calibrated and described observation data is stored as one or more number formulary to be calibrated of standard data format according to the storage computation machine; And
Data handling machine, described data handling machine be used to receive described with reference to number formulary according to the storage computation machine, number formulary to be calibrated is according to the data of storage computation machine storage, set up and resolve the carrier phase observation equation, obtain described reference side, the clock correction of side's receiver to be calibrated, and further to described reference side, the clock correction of side's receiver to be calibrated compares, obtain the moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated and reference frequency standard, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability, the i.e. moment deviation of frequency standard to be calibrated, frequency departure, moment degree of stability and frequency stability.
19. as claim 17 or 18 described frequency standard remote calibration systems, it is characterized in that, described receiver be can the observation satellite navigation positioning system carrier phase and the receiver of pseudo-random code signal.
20., it is characterized in that described receiver is for observing the GPS double frequency hyperchannel geodetic type receiver of GPS L1 and L2 carrier phase and pseudo-random code signal as the described frequency standard remote calibration of one of claim 17-19 item system.
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