CN101686860A - 可通过微创外科手术技术植入的人工椎间盘 - Google Patents
可通过微创外科手术技术植入的人工椎间盘 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101686860A CN101686860A CN200780022595A CN200780022595A CN101686860A CN 101686860 A CN101686860 A CN 101686860A CN 200780022595 A CN200780022595 A CN 200780022595A CN 200780022595 A CN200780022595 A CN 200780022595A CN 101686860 A CN101686860 A CN 101686860A
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- soleplate
- artificial intervertebral
- intervertebral disk
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Abstract
本发明描述了人工椎间盘及其使用方法。所针对的人工椎间盘包括由可压缩核芯构件(130)分隔的上和下终板(110,120)。纤维(140)或纤维材料在终板之间延伸,并将它们保持在一起。核芯构件可以是可耕作的或者可以是可滑动地引入在终板之间。终板之间的距离可通过螺纹机构或通过将终板或核芯构件相对彼此移动而改变。
Description
背景技术
[0001]椎间盘是一种在解剖学上和功能性上都很复杂的关节。椎间盘由三个组成结构构成:(1)髓核;(2)纤维环;和(3)椎骨终板。在这些组成结构中的生物医学组合物和解剖学配置涉及所述盘的生物机械功能。
[0002]由于外伤或疾病过程,脊椎盘可能移位或受损。如果发生移位或受损,则髓核会脱出并且突出进入椎管或者椎间孔。此类变形被称为椎间盘脱出或滑动。脱出或滑动的盘压在穿过局部堵塞孔离开椎管的脊神经上,从而导致在其分布区域中的疼痛或瘫痪。
[0003]为了减轻这种状况,可能需要以外科手术方式取出涉及的盘,并熔合两个相邻的椎骨。在该过程中,分隔件被插入在由所述盘原来占据的空间中,并且它通过螺钉以及附接到椎骨的板/杆被固定在邻近的椎骨之间。尽管针对创伤性以及变质的脊椎病而进行的这种“椎骨熔合”短期效果较好,但是长期研究显示,生物机械环境的改变导致在相邻可移动节段处出现恶化的改变。相邻的盘具有增大的移动和应力,因为熔合节段刚度增大。长期来看,脊椎运动的机械学上改变导致这些相邻盘恶化。
[0004]为了克服该问题,人造椎间替换盘可用作椎骨熔合的替换方案。尽管已经开发出各种类型的人造椎间盘来恢复自然椎间盘的正常运动和负载属性,但是它们可被分组成两类,即,球窝接头型盘以及弹性橡胶型盘。
[0005]球窝型人造盘可由两个金属板构成,其中一个被附接到上椎骨,而另一个被附接到下椎骨,并且聚乙烯核芯像球一样工作。金属板具有用于接触聚乙烯核芯的凹进区域。球窝型允许在附接到人工盘的两个椎骨之间转动。这种类型的人造盘在竖直方向上非常刚硬;它们不能复制自然盘的正常压缩刚度。另外,由于这些盘缺乏载荷吸收能力,所以相邻的盘必须承担额外的载荷,从而甚至会导致这些相邻盘的过早恶化。
[0006]在弹性橡胶型盘中,弹性聚合物嵌于一对金属板之间并结合到该对金属板,这些金属板被固定到上和下椎骨。通过对金属板的多孔界面表面进行粗糙化,增强了弹性聚合物的结合。这种类型的盘吸收竖直方向上的振动,具有载荷吸收能力。然而,即使金属板的界面表面被处理以便提供更好的结合,在长期使用后也可能产生聚合残片。而且,长期使用后结合部可能由于剪切疲劳强度不足而裂开。
[0007]由于上述与球窝或弹性橡胶类型盘相关的缺陷,因而仍然需要开发新的人工椎间盘。
发明内容
[0008]在此描述了人工椎间盘及使用此类盘的方法。所针对的人工椎间盘包括上终板、下终板以及设置在这两个终板之间的可压缩核芯构件。所述人工椎间盘具有的形状、尺寸以及其他特征尤为适合于使用微创外科手术过程植入。
[0009]在一个变型中,所述人造椎间盘包括由一个或多个可压缩核芯构件分离开的顶和底终板。两个板可被围绕在顶终板的至少一个区域和底终板的至少一个区域周围的至少一个纤维保持在一起。所述盘可包括整体式椎体固定构件。当考虑从后路通路更换腰间盘时,所述两个板优选是细长的,其长度远大于其宽度。典型地,人工椎间盘的尺度范围是,高度从8mm到15mm;宽度从6mm到13mm。人工椎间盘的高度范围从9mm到11mm。所述盘的宽度范围可为10mm到12mm。人工椎间盘的长度范围可从18mm到30mm,或许从24mm到28mm。典型的形状包括矩圆形、子弹形、菱形、矩形之类。
[0010]所述盘结构的几种变型被围绕在上终板的至少一个区域和下终板的至少一个区域周围的至少一个纤维保持在一起。所述纤维通常为具有高弹性模量的高弹性纤维。纤维的弹性属性以及诸如所用纤维数量、纤维粗细、盘中纤维绕组层的数量、施加到每层的张力以及纤维绕组的交叉图案等因素,使人工椎间盘结构能够模仿正常功能的自然盘的功能特性和生物机械学特性。
[0011]可用许多传统的外科手术技术放置一对人工椎间盘。这些技术包括改进型后路腰椎椎体间融合术(PLIF)和改进型经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合术(TLIF)。本文还描述了用于使用微创外科手术过程植入人工椎间盘的装置和方法。在一个变型中,所述装置包括一对套管,其从后路并排插入,以在盘空间处获得通向脊柱的通路。一对人工椎间盘然后可通过套管植入,从而被定位在脊柱中两个椎体之间。
[0012]在另一变型中,可采用单一的可选择性地膨胀的盘。在未膨胀状态时,所述盘具有相对较小的轮廓,以易于将其传送到盘空间。一旦被可操作地定位,它然后就能够被选择性地膨胀到合适尺寸,以充分占据盘空间。单一盘的植入包括使用单一套管以及关节凿(articulating chisel)或者另行配置为构建曲线或直角盘传输路径的凿,从而使所述盘基本上位于盘空间内的中央。人工椎间盘可通过选择适于通过微创过程植入的尺寸和结构进行配置。
[0013]通过参考附图和下文的详细描述,描述了其他和另外的设备、装置、结构以及方法。
附图说明
[0014]在此包含的附图并不一定是按规定比例绘制,为清楚起见,某些构件和特征被放大。
[0015]图1A提供了用于植入一对人工椎间盘的微创外科手术过程的图示。
[0016]图1B提供了在图1A所示的一对人工椎间盘之外还放置第三盘的微创外科手术过程的图示。
[0017]图2提供了用于植入人工椎间盘的微创外科手术过程的另一变型的图示。
[0018]图3A提供了与微创外科手术过程一起使用的人工椎间盘的三维视图(局部截面形式)。
[0019]图3B提供用于与微创外科手术过程一起使用的另一人工椎间盘的三维视图(局部截面形式)。
[0020]图4A-E图示了另一人工盘组件和其多个组成部件。
[0021]图5A-B图示了另一人工椎间盘及其组成终板之一。
[0022]图6A-C图示了另一人工椎间盘以及其组成终板之一。
[0023]图7-10图示了整合到例如图3A-B所示的人工椎间盘中的多种替代性终板结构。
[0024]图11A-D图示了另一人工椎间盘及其终板中的两个。
[0025]图12-15分别图示了盘的另一变型的透视图、端视图、侧视图和俯视图。图16示出了在终板中具有侧凹槽的侧视图。
[0026]图17示出了图12-16的盘的安装工具。
[0027]图18-19是所述盘的现场可填充变型在填充前和填充后的透视图。图20-21示出了制造图18-19的盘的方法。
[0028]图22-23示出了呈坍缩形式的单一铰接型的盘。图24示出了呈坍缩形式的双铰接型的盘。图25示出了在组装和植入后的图22中的盘。图26示出了盘的变型的多个端视截面图。
[0029]图27是所述盘的现场可填充变型在填充前和填充后的透视图。这种实施例可填充以颗粒物质。图28示出用于植入图27的盘的示意性过程。图28A和28B示出了用于将所述盘填充以颗粒的装置。图30示出了所述盘的局部截面侧视图,其显示了替代性颗粒输入端口。图31A-31E示出了应性核芯的变型。
[0030]图32是在引入顺应性核芯后所述盘的另一变型的透视图。图33A、33B和33C分别示出了用于图32盘的终板和顺应性核芯的俯视图、侧视图和剖视图。图34A、34B和3C各自显示用于图32盘的终板和顺应性核芯的另一变型的俯视图、侧视图、截面图。图35A示出用于安装、坍缩、移动和展开图32盘的工具。图35B和35C示出用于将顺应性核芯扭转定位的工具。
[0031]图38A和38B分别示出了一组带有斜坡的终板和带有内终板的核芯构件,可用斜坡将内终板引入已组装的盘中。图38C和38D示出了带有内终板的核芯构件的侧视图,以及显示斜坡的外终板的截面侧视图。图37A示出了将球形核芯部件引入到整体式的一套终板中,图37B示出了内终板、外终板组合的分解视图,图37C示出了将球形核芯部件引入到非整体式的一套终板中。
[0032]图38A和38B分别示出了带斜坡的一套终板和带有内终板的核芯构件,以便使用斜坡引入被组装的盘。图38C和38D示出了带有内终板的核芯构件的侧视图以及显示斜坡的外终板截面侧视图。
[0033]图39A和39B示出了所述装置的这种变型的坍缩和膨胀视图。图40A和40B示出了如图39A和39B的位置中所示的盘的截面侧视图。图41示出在分离时所述两个终板的俯视图(或内视图)。
[0034]图42和43分别示出了配置为用于使用斜坡引入被组装盘的带斜坡的终板和核芯构件的透视图。图44示出了核芯构件、终板和用于插入核芯构件的工具的侧视图。图45和47示出了显示斜坡的终板截面侧视图。图46和48示出了分别使用图45和47所示斜坡轮廓的盘的轮廓。图49A和49B示出了用于与所述盘一起使用的可膨胀锚定构件。
[0035]图50示出了所述盘的另一变型的透视图。图51和54示出用于所述盘的这一变型的终板的截面侧视图。图52A、53和55示出了可用于该变型的可膨胀核芯的侧视图。图52B示出了图52A核芯构件的俯视图。
[0036]图56示出所述盘的另一变型的透视图。图57示出了在植入终板后核芯旋转的示意性视图。
具体实施方式
[0037]下文将描述人造椎间盘、使用此类盘的方法、用于植入此类盘的装置、以及用于植入此类盘的方法。应理解的是,人造椎间盘、植入装置及方法并不限于所述的特定实施例,因为这些实施例当然可以进行变化。也应理解的是,在此使用的术语仅仅意在描述特定实施例,并无意以任何方式限制本发明。
[0038]可以使用改进的传统过程,例如腰椎后路椎体间融合(PLIF)或者经椎间孔腰椎椎体间融合(TLIF),来进行人造盘的插入。在改进的PLIF过程中,经由背部内的中线切口接近脊椎。竖脊肌在所需级从椎板两侧对称地剥离。然后执行椎板切除术,以进一步允许神经根可视。也可以执行局部小关节切除术以易于暴露。神经根向一侧回撤,并执行椎间盘切除术。任选地,然后使用凿在脊椎终板中切出一个或多个凹槽,以承接人工椎体上的固定构件。然后,尺寸合适的人工椎体被插入到在椎管任一侧的椎间空间中。
[0039]在改进的TLIF过程中,也是从后路接近,但是不同于PLIF过程之处在于,去除了整个小关节(或称突关节),并且仅在椎体的一侧上形成通路。在进行了小关节切除术后,执行椎间盘切除术。可以再次使用凿在脊椎终板内形成一个或多个槽,以协同地承接位于每个人工椎体上的固定构件。然后可以将人造盘插入到椎间空间内。可以将一个人工椎体移动到通路的对侧,然后在通路侧插入第二人工椎体。
[0040]应该明白,我们将这些过程称为“改进的”,原因在于这些过程都没有被用来“融合”两个相邻的椎骨。
[0041]转向附图,图1中示出了一种用于植入一对椎间盘的微创外科手术过程。这种微创外科手术植入方法使用后路途径执行,而非传统的前路腰椎间盘替换术或者上文所述的改进的PLIF和TLIF过程。
[0042]转向图1A,两个套管700被后路地插入,以提供通向脊柱的通路。更具体而言,小切口形成,并且在椎管的每一侧形成穿过其中一个椎骨的椎板610的一对通路窗口,以便接近或访问到自然椎盘。脊髓605和神经根606被避开或移动以提供通路。一旦获得通路,就插入两个套管700。套管700可用作通路通道,以采用传统外科手术工具取出自然盘。替代性地,可在插入套管之前取出自然盘。
[0043]所述人工椎间盘被设计为可被应用于脊椎中多于一级(即,盘位置)。具体而言,多个自然盘可被替换成本发明的盘。如下文更详细地描述的,每个这种级将植入至少两个本发明的盘。考虑到了使用成套工具(或许还具有无菌封装),其包含两个本发明的盘用于单一盘替换,或者包含四个本发明的盘用于脊椎中两级处的盘的替换。此类成套工具也可以包含一个或多个套管,其具有允许本发明的盘通过和植入本发明的盘的中央开口。
[0044]一旦自然盘已经被去除并且套管700被设置就位,则一对人工椎间盘100被植入在相邻椎体之间。在一个变型中,人工椎间盘的形状和尺寸适于用来进行微创手术。这些盘具有的形状例如可为下文所述的细长形单件式人工椎间盘。人工椎间盘100被引导穿过两个套管700(参见图1中的箭头C),从而使得每个人工椎间盘皆被植入在相邻的椎体之间。在一个植入过程中,这两个人工椎间盘被并排地且稍稍间隔开地置于两个椎骨之间。任选地,在进行植入之前,可以在其中一个椎体或两个椎体的内表面上形成凹槽,以便接合位于或整体地制于人工椎间盘100上的锚定构件或特征。可利用适合用于微创手术的凿子工具来形成这些凹槽,凿子工具适合用于微创手术即是说这种凿子工具适于穿过相对较小的通路空间(例如套管中的隧道型开口)延伸,并且适于在去除了自然盘后留出的椎间空间内提供凿削功能。
[0045]任选地,如图1B所示,可使用上述方法植入第三人工椎间盘。第三人工椎间盘可在所述两个人工椎间盘100之间的中心点处植入。可在放置两个盘100之前植入第三盘103。盘103可通过任一个套管700植入,然后,如果需要,则转动(或许多达90°)至其在另外两个人工椎间盘100之间的最终承载位置。然后可使用上述方法植入另外两个人工椎间盘100。
[0046]为了获得所希望的性能特性,还可以植入另外的人工椎间盘,并且所植入的盘可沿着多种不同的相对取向植入于椎间空间内。另外,多个人工椎间盘皆可具有不同的性能特性。例如,待植入于椎间空间中央部分内的人工椎间盘可被配置为,比在更接近椎间空间的外边缘处植入的一个或多个人工椎间盘更为抗压。举例而言,外盘(例如外盘100)的刚度每个均可被配置为使得这些外盘的刚度仅为内盘刚度的约5%-80%,或许为中心盘刚度的约30%-60%的范围内。也可以改变其他性能特性。
[0047]图2示意性地示出了另一种微创植入方法和装置。在该方法中,使用单一套管700。所述套管以上文所述方式在椎管的一侧插入。一旦套管被插入,则可以使用凿来在两个相邻椎体的终板上形成具有90°弯曲的凹槽701。因此,凹槽702的终端部分垂直于由插入套管700限定的轴线。
[0048]如上文所述,本文还描述了人工椎间盘的多种变型。“人工椎间盘”表示一种人工或人造装置,其被配置或成形为使得它可以用来整体地或局部地替换脊椎动物(例如,诸如人的哺乳动物)的脊椎内的椎间盘。所述人工椎间盘具有的尺度允许它们或者单独地或者与一个或多个其他人工椎间盘组合地基本上占据在去除两个相邻椎体之间的自然出现的盘时存在于两个相邻椎体之间的空间,即,空的盘空间。“基本上占据”意味着,在骨材(aggregrate)中,所述盘占据至少约50%的表面面积,或许至少约80%的表面面积或者更多。所述盘可具有粗略的子弹形或菱形结构,其适于容易地通过微创外科手术过程进行植入。
[0049]所述盘可具有上(或顶)和下(或底)终板,其中,上和下终板被可压缩元件(例如一个或多个核芯构件)彼此分离开,而终板和可压缩构件的组合结构提供了一种人工椎间盘,其在功能上接近或极其酷似自然盘。顶和底终板可通过至少一个纤维保持在一起,所述至少一个纤维附接到顶和底终板每一个的至少一部分或者卷绕在所述至少一部分的周围。因而,所述两个终板(或平坦基板)被一个或多个纤维彼此保持或固定,所述一个或多个纤维附接到上和下终板的至少一个范围、部分或区域或者围绕其进行卷绕,从而使所述板彼此接合。
[0050]图3A和3B中示出了两个不同的代表性人工椎间盘。如图所示,每个椎间盘100均包括上终板110和下终板120。核芯构件130(图3A)或一对核芯构件13a-b(图3B)可位于顶终板110和下终板120之间。顶和底终板110和120典型地为大致平坦的基板,其长度从约12mm到约45mm(例如从约12mm到约44mm),宽度从约11mm到约28mm(例如从约12mm到约25mm),厚度从约0.5mm到约5mm(例如从约1mm到约3mm)。顶和底终板由提供所需机械性能、主要结构刚度和耐久性的生理可接受材料制成或形成。可制成终板的代表性材料为本领域技术人员所公知,包括但不限于:钛、钛合金、不锈钢、钴/铬等等;塑性材料,例如具有超高摩尔质量(分子量)的聚乙烯(UHMW-PE)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)等等;陶瓷;石墨;等等。
[0051]所述盘还可包括在上终板110和下终板120之间卷绕并将上终板110连接到下终板120的纤维140。这些纤维140可延伸经过形成在上和下终板110、120每一个的各部分上的多个开口或孔124。因此,纤维140在所述一对终板110、120之间延伸,并且向上延伸经过上终板110中的第一孔124,并经过上终板110中的相邻孔124向下延伸回。(为清楚起见,在图3A-B中纤维140并未显示为全程围绕核芯130,130a,130b延伸。纤维140也并未显示在每幅图中。然而例如,如图3A-B所示,纤维140存在于下文所述的每个实施例中,并在下文所述的每个实施例中执行类似功能)。纤维140可以被不紧密地卷绕,从而允许在终板之间并通过终板进行一定程度的轴向转动、弯曲、屈曲和延伸。轴向转动的量通常具有的范围从约0°到约15°,或许从约2°到10°。弯曲量通常具有的范围从约0°到约18°,或许从约2°到15°。屈曲和延伸的量通常具有的范围从约0°到约25°,或许从约3°到15°。当然,纤维140可进行更为紧密或更不紧密的缠绕,以改变这些旋转值的合成值。核芯构件130、130a、130b可设置成未压缩状态或压缩状态。环形囊150可包含在上和下终板之间的空间内,围绕一个或多个核芯构件130,130a、130b以及纤维140。
[0052]图3A所示的人工椎间盘包括单一细长核芯构件130。图3B所示的结构包括双核芯,其包括两个大致圆柱形的核芯构件130a,130b。显然,双核芯结构(图3B)更佳地仿真了自然盘的性能特性。另外,相对于单核芯结构(图3A)中的纤维140,认为双核芯结构中的纤维140承受更小的应力。图3A-B中所示的每个示例性人工椎间盘长度大于宽度。所述盘的长宽比(长度∶宽度)可为约1.5到5.0,或许约2.0到4.0,或者约2.5到3.5。提供这些相对尺寸的示例性形状包括矩形、椭圆形、子弹形、菱形以及其他形状。这些形状便于通过上述微创过程植入所述盘。
[0053]上终板110的上表面和下终板120的下表面被描述为具有固定构件或机构,其用于将终板固定到上和下椎体的各自相对的骨表面,在所述骨表面之间将安装人工椎间盘。举例而言,如图3A-B所示,上终板110包括锚定特征111。如下文更为详细地描述的,图3A和3B所示的锚定特征111被示为“脊棱(keel)”,其具有基本上为三角形的横截面并且具有一系列外倒钩或锯齿。锚定构件111用于协同地接合形成在椎体表面上的配合凹槽,从而将终板固定到其相应的椎体。锚定特征111从上终板110的大致平坦的外表面大致垂直地延伸,即,从所述终板的上侧向上延伸,如图3A-B所示。锚定特征111可具有多个位于其顶边缘上的锯齿112。锯齿112用于增强锚定特征接合椎体并由此将上终板110固定到脊椎的能力。
[0054]类似地,下终板120的下表面包括锚定特征121。在下终板120的下表面上的锚定特征121在结构和功能上可以与在上终板110的上表面上的锚定特征111一致,包括或除去其在人工椎间盘上的位置。下终板120上的锚定特征121用于接合形成在下椎体中的配合凹槽。上终板110上的锚定特征111用于接合上椎体上的配合凹槽。因此,人工椎间盘100在相邻的椎体之间保持就位。
[0055]进一步地,锚定构件111,121可包括一个或多个孔、狭槽(或称缝槽)、脊、凹槽、凹口、或隆起表面(未示出),以进一步帮助将所述盘锚定到相关椎骨。这些物理特征将通过允许骨向内生长来提供帮助。此外,更多锚定特征可被提供在上终板110和下终板120之一或两者上。每个终板110和120可具有不同数量的锚定构件,而且那些锚定特征在每个终板上可具有不同的取向。锚定特征数量的范围从大致0至大致500,或许从约1到10。或者,可采用其他固定或锚定机构,例如凸纹、滚花表面、锯齿等。在某些变型中,所述盘没有外部固定机构。在这样的变型中,所述盘通过盘与椎体间的摩擦力保持就位。
[0056]进一步地,每种所述变型可另外包含多孔覆盖物或层(例如喷涂的Ti金属),从而允许骨向内生长,并可包括一些成骨材料。
[0057]如上文提到的,在图3A和3B所示的变型中,上终板110和下终板120每个均包含多个孔124,纤维140可穿过孔124或通过孔124卷绕,如图所示。终板上所含孔124的实际数目是可变的。增大孔数目,就允许增大将终板保持在一起的纤维的圆周密度。孔的数目的范围可从约3到100,或许在10到30的范围内。另外,孔的形状可被选择从而提供沿孔长度可变的宽度。举例而言,孔的宽度可从较宽的内端渐缩到较窄的外端,或者反之亦然。另外,纤维可在同一孔内卷绕数次,从而增大纤维的径向密度。无论何种情况,这都改进了抗磨损性能,并增大了人工椎间盘的抗扭和屈曲刚度,从而进一步接近自然盘的刚度。另外,纤维140可根据需要穿过所述孔或卷绕在所述孔上。纤维可采用单向方式卷绕,其中纤维沿同一方向(例如顺时针)卷绕,这种方式逼真地模拟了自然盘中的自然环状纤维,或者纤维可双向卷绕。也可以采用其他卷绕图案,包括单向和多向卷绕。
[0058]此处论述的在多个终板中设置的孔可呈多种形状。此类孔形状包括恒定宽度的狭槽;可变宽度的狭槽;基本上为圆形、椭圆形、正方形、矩形等的开口。细长孔可以被径向定位、周向定位、螺旋定位、或这些形状的组合。在单一终板中可采用多于一种的形状。
[0059]在若干所述变型中,孔124基本上偏离终板边缘。举例而言,在如图3B和4A所示的实施例中,孔124中有许多大致延伸经过终板110,120的中央,并因此基本上偏离其边缘。类似地,在如图5A、5B、7、9和10所示的实施例中,许多孔124基本上与每个终板110,120的纵向端部间隔开。一些孔124位于如图3B所示的核芯构件130a,130b之间,并因此基本上远离终板的边缘设置或间隔开。孔124与终板边缘这种偏离就使人工椎间盘具有基于终板的尺寸和形状的覆盖区(在椎骨位置上),而无论纤维卷绕是否布置在这些终板的边缘上。
[0060]纤维140的一个目的在于将上终板110和下终板120保持在一起,并限制运动范围,以仿真或者至少接近自然盘的运动范围。纤维可包括具有高弹性模量的高韧性纤维,例如至少约100MPa,或许至少约500MPa。高韧性纤维意味着纤维能够承受至少50Mpa或许至少250Mpa的纵向应力而不撕裂。纤维140为大致细长形的纤维,其具有的直径范围从约100微米到约1000微米,优选约200微米到约400微米。任选地,纤维可被共挤压注模成型,或者以其他方式涂覆以人造橡胶以包封所述纤维,从而提供保护防止组织向内生长,并改善抗扭和挠曲刚度。纤维可被涂覆以一种或多种其他材料,以改善纤维刚度和抗磨损性。另外,核芯可被注入以润湿剂(例如盐水)以使纤维润湿,并易于模仿自然盘的黏弹性属性。纤维可包括单组分或多组分纤维。
[0061]纤维140可由任意合适的材料制成。合适材料的实例包括聚酯(例如或尼龙)、聚乙烯(例如包括超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE))、聚芳酰胺、对位芳香族聚酰胺(例如)、碳或玻璃纤维、聚乙二醇对苯二甲酸酯(PET)、丙烯酸脂类聚合物、甲基丙烯酸类聚合物、聚亚安酯、聚脲、其他聚烯烃(例如聚丙烯和其他混合物以及烯烃共聚物)、卤代聚烯烃、多糖、乙烯类聚合物、聚磷腈、聚硅氧烷、等等。纤维140可以多种不同方式终结于终板上。举例而言,可通过将纤维在终板的上级表面或下级表面上打结而将纤维终结。替代性地,可通过将纤维的终端滑动到终板的边缘上的孔中来终结纤维140,该方式类似于线轴上保持线的方式。孔可采用孔结构自身的夹压来保持纤维,或者通过诸如套圈压接件(crimp)等另外的保持器来保持纤维。作为进一步替代性方案,短突状压接件可被加工到或焊接到终板结构,以固定纤维的终端。然后,纤维可被闭合在压接件中以对其进行固定。作为更进一步的替换方案,聚合物可用于通过焊接(包括粘合剂或热粘接)将纤维固定到终板。所述终结的聚合物可由与纤维相同的材料(例如UHMWPE、PE、PET或其他上文列出的材料)制成。更进一步地,可通过将横构件压接于纤维而形成T形接头,或者通过将球压接于纤维而形成球窝接头,而将纤维保持在终板上。
[0062]回到图3A和3B所示的变型,上终板110和下终板120中每一个均各自设置有一个或多个内部组件113,123。内部组件113,123中的每一个形成其各自终板的一部分,并且为包含纤维140可穿过而缠绕的孔124的结构构件。举例而言,在图3A中,每个内部组件113,123呈大致椭圆形形状,以致大致配合于其相应终板110,120内。另一方面,在图3B中,每个内部组件113a、113b、123a、123b呈大致圆形,并且占据各自终板110,120少于一半的长度。也可以采用其他形状和尺寸的内部组件113,123。这种内部组件113,123可被焊接或另行结构性地连接到其相应终板110,120。内部组件113,123可由上文所述的适于构建终板的任意材料形成。核芯构件130,130a,130b用于提供支撑,并保持上终板110和下终板120之间的相对间隔。核芯构件130,130a,130b可包括一个或多个相对顺应性较好的材料。特别地,在该变型中的可压缩核芯构件和在此论述的其他可压缩核芯构件,可包括热塑性弹性体(TPE),例如聚碳酸酯聚氨酯TPE,例如其肖氏值为50D到60D(例如55D)。此类材料的实例是在市面上可购买到的TPE、比奥内特(Bionate)。肖氏硬度经常用于描述弹性体的弹性模量或挠曲模量。我们已经成功开发出包含TPE的核芯构件,其是在中等温度下由挤压成型材料压力模塑而成。举例而言,采用上文提到的聚碳酸酯聚氨酯TPE,选定量的聚合物被引入到闭合模具中,在该模具上在加热时可施加足够的压力。TPE量被选择为可制造具有特定高度的压缩构件。压力在70℃-90℃的温度下施加达8-15小时,典型地是在80℃下施加约12小时。
[0064]在M.Szycher,J.Biomater.Appl.“Biostability ofpolyurethane elastomers:a critical review”,3(2):297 402(1988);A.Coury等人,“Factors and interactions affecting the performance ofpolyurethane elastomers in medical device”,J.Biomater.Appl.3(2):130179(1988);和Pavlova M等人,“Biocompatible and biodegradablepolyurethane polymers”,Biomaterials 14(13):1024 1029(1993)中一般性地论述了适应性聚亚安酯。合适的聚亚安酯弹性体的实例包括脂肪族聚氨酯漆、段间聚胺酯、亲水性聚亚安酯、聚醚尿烷、聚碳酸酯聚氨酯、和硅酮-聚醚-尿烷。
[0065]其他合适的弹性体包括各种聚硅醚(或硅酮)、硅酮和聚亚安酯的共聚物、聚烯烃、诸如无规聚丙烯的热塑性弹性体(TPE)、苯乙烯和丁二烯的嵌段共聚物(例如SBS橡胶)、聚异丁烯、和聚异戊二烯、氯丁橡胶、聚腈、诸如由1-己烯和5-甲基-1,4-己二烯所制的共聚物制成的人造橡胶。
[0066]用于核芯构件的构造的一种变型包括由水凝胶形成的核和弹性体加强纤维环。
[0067]举例而言,所述核(即核芯构件130的中心部分)可包括水凝胶材料。水凝胶是水可膨胀或水膨胀性的聚合材料,其典型地具有由亲水性均聚物或共聚物的交联或互穿网络所限定的结构。在物理交联的情况下,键合可采用缠结、微晶或氢键结构的形式,以提供针对聚合网络的结构和物理完整性。
[0068]合适的水凝胶可由各种亲水聚合物和共聚物形成,这些亲水聚合物和共聚物包括:多乙酸酒精、聚乙烯乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚氧化乙烯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚亚安酯、聚氧化乙烯基聚亚安酯、和聚羟乙基异丁烯酸酯、以及上述物质的共聚物和混合物。
[0069]硅酮基水凝胶也是合适的。可通过对如下单体的混合物进行聚合来制备硅酮水凝胶,所述单体包括至少一种含硅酮的单体和或低聚物以及至少一个亲水性共聚单体,例如N-乙烯砒咯烷酮(NVP)、N-乙烯基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基-N-甲基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基-N-乙基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基-N-乙基甲烯胺、N-乙烯基甲酰胺、2-羟乙基-碳酸乙烯酯、和2-羟乙基-胺基甲酸乙烯酯(β-丙胺酸)。
[0070]髓核可包括采用纤维加强的弹性体,例如上文所述的那些。用于纤维的合适材料的范围,从包括高拉伸强度线到聚合纤维,所述高拉伸强度线包括各种不锈钢和超弹性合金(例如镍钛诺),所述聚合纤维包括聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、低密度和高密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯、聚丁烯、以及这些聚合物的混合物和合金。HDPE和UHMWPE尤为合适。其他合适的用于制备各种纤维的材料包括聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(例如)、聚酰胺(例如各种尼龙)、其他聚酯,例如聚乙二醇对苯二甲酸酯(“PET”,其在市面上称为DACRON和HYTREL),以及液晶聚合物,例如以商标VECTRA流通的那些、聚芳酰胺、诸如聚四氟乙烯和e-PTFE的多氟烃。可使用诸如碳纤维和玻璃纤维的其他非聚合材料。纤维成分可为单链,或者更典型地,为多链聚集状态。作为设计选择的一方面,纤维将通常具有高弹性模量并具有高抗磨损性能。纤维可具有的弹性模量例如为,至少约100MPa,或许至少约500MPa。纤维可具有的直径,范围从约0.1到约0.5mm,例如约0.2mm到约2mm。
[0071]纤维可采用多种不同配置围绕核芯构件进行卷绕,例如,以随机图案卷绕核芯构件、圆周卷绕、径向卷绕、围绕核芯移动而渐极(近极)卷绕、以及这些图案和其他图案的组合。
[0072]核芯构件130,130a、130b的每一个的形状典型地为大致圆柱形,如图3B所示,但是所述形状(以及构成核芯构件的材料以及核芯构件尺寸)可改变以获得所希望的物理或性能特性。例如,核芯构件130形状、尺寸和材料将直接影响人工椎间盘的屈曲、拉伸、横向弯曲和轴向旋转的程度。通过比较,图3B的双核芯结构提供了如下设计,其包括用于容纳纤维140的多个空间,从而提供另外一点的设计灵活性。
[0073]环形囊150可由合适的聚合物制成,例如聚亚安酯或硅酮或上文论述的材料,并且可通过注模、两部分成分混合、或将终板-核芯-纤维组件滴入聚合物溶液而制成。如图所示,环形囊为具有大致笔直侧壁的大致矩圆形。替代性实施例可包括形成在侧壁中的一个或多个膜盒(bellow)。环形囊的功能是用作屏障,以将盘材料(例如纤维束)保持在盘体中,并在所述盘外部保持自然向内生长。
[0074]本发明人工椎间盘的多种变型以及它们相应的组成部分和特征,图示于图4A-E、5A-B、6A-C、7-10和11A-D中。
[0075]图4A所示的人工椎间盘非常类似于图3B中所示的。图4B-4E示出了该人工椎间盘的各构件。图4A中的变型包括上和下终板110,120,每个终板包括一对内部组件113a、113b、123a、123b。上终板110和下终板120中的每一个均各自包括一对锚定特征111a、111b、121a、121b。一对核芯构件130a-b位于上和下终板110,120之间。尽管图中未示出,但是多条纤维140延伸于内部组件113a、113b、123a、123b上设置的孔124之间并围绕所述孔卷绕,从而将所述一对终板互连。
[0076]转向图4B-C,图示了与终板110,120构造有关的其他细节。如图所示,每个终板110,120的面向内部分包括一对凹部115a、115b、125a、125b,其中承接和附接内部组件113a、113b、123a、123b。每个终板还包括中心孔116、126,每个内部组件113a、113b、123a、123b的一部分延伸穿过所述中心孔,以便于将内部组件113a、113b、123a、123b连接到终板110,120。内部组件113a、113b、123a、123b可通过焊接,使用粘合剂,或其他本领域技术人员公知的其他合适方法附接到终板110,120。
[0077]图4D-E图示了与内部组件113,123有关的其他细节。如图4D所示,举例而言,内部组件113包括绕其外围的例如十三个的孔124。孔的数目通常范围从约3个到约100个孔,优选在10个到30个的范围内。在该变型中描述的孔124显示为大致矩圆形,但是它们可呈现任意其他合适形状或尺寸,如本文其他实例中所述的。另外,图4E图示了形成在内部组件113的中心部分中的一对孔124。在本实施例中,纤维124除了附接到绕核芯构件130外围的终板110,120上之外,还行进通过核芯构件130的中央。
[0078]尽管在图4A-E所示的实施例中,内部组件113,123显示为大致圆形,但是它们通常也可设置为任意形状或朝向。当它与大致圆柱形核芯构件130或者与另外具有大致圆形覆盖区的核芯构件130结合使用时,优选圆形形状。当内部组件113,123设置为其他形状或尺寸时,优选类似地改变设置在终板110,120的内表面上的凹部115的形状和/或尺寸以容纳内部组件。
[0079]如上文所提,尽管图中未示出,但是一个或多个纤维140优选通过行进经过每个内部组件113,123上形成的孔124,而延伸于两个终板110,120之间,并且互连这两个终板110,120。纤维140可由上文所述的任意材料形成,并且以本文所述的或提供希望结果的任意合适图案进行卷绕。此外,任选的环形囊150(在图4A-E中也没有示出)可采用例如与图3A、3B相关的上文所述方式,设置围绕在两个终板110,120之间的空间的周界。
[0080]图5A示出了本发明人工椎间盘100的另一变型,并包括具有整体式结构(即无内部组件)的终板110,120。在所示的实施例中,每个终板110,120设置有中央部分,其具有形成椭圆形图案的孔124,以容纳大致椭圆形或矩圆形形状的核芯构件130。孔124也可设置为其他形状和其他尺寸。例如,在图5B中,整体式终板110被显示为具有形成大致圆形图案的多个孔124,优选以容纳大致圆柱形核芯构件。如下文所述,图6A-C示出了具有整体式终板110,120的盘100,整体式终板110,120具有形成大致杠铃形图案的多个孔124,优选以合并类似形状的核芯构件130。也可以采用其他形状和尺寸。
[0081]在使用如图5A、5B所示的整体式终板110,120的情况下,可以在上终板110的上表面上的暴露孔124上方以及下终板120的下表面上方放置盖或其他构件(未示出)。盖或其他构件可由与终板110,120相同的材料形成,或者它可由合适的聚合材料或其它材料形成。在其他功能之中,所述盖将向围绕形成于整体式终板上的孔124卷绕的纤维140提供保护。所述盖也可包括集成到其中或附接在其上的锚定特征。
[0082]如图5A-B所示,终板110,120中每一个的横向或水平表面面积,即,接合椎体的盘表面区域,基本上大于核芯构件130的横截面表面面积。核芯构件130的横截面表面面积为给定终板110,120的横截面面积的约5%到约80%,或许从约10%到约60%,或者从约15%到约50%。以此方式,针对具有足够压缩、屈曲、拉伸、旋转和其他性能特性但具有相对小横截面尺寸的给定核芯构件130,核芯构件可用于支撑具有相对较大的横截面尺寸的终板,以便帮助防止下沉到椎体表面内。在此处描述的变型中,核芯构件130和终板110,120也具有适用于或适应于通过后路途径或微创外科手术过程进行植入的尺寸,例如上文所述。
[0083]图6A-C示出了具有整体式终板110,120的人工椎间盘100、具有大致杠铃形的核芯构件130、后部圆柱形节段131、前部圆柱形节段132、和中部桥接阶段133。图6B中示出上终板110的内表面,其中示出了终板110设置有凹部134节段,凹部134节段具有用于承接核芯构件130的配合锁孔形状。多个孔124设置在上终板110和下终板120的每一个中。孔124位于终板110,120上,呈现与核芯构件130的圆周相符的图案。因此,纤维140(未示出,见图3A-B)行进经过核芯构件130周围的孔124,以互连上和下终板110,120。任选的囊(也未示出,见图3A-B)可设置在纤维140和核芯构件130外围的周围。
[0084]接合机构或构件135设置在人工椎间盘的上和下终板110,120的每一个的后端处。接合表面135提供了如下表面朝向,该朝向允许工具或其它器具协同地接合人工椎间盘100,以便在植入过程期间操作所述盘。举例而言,接合表面135可包括形成在终板110,120的一个或两个的端部上的小孔、脊、孔、突起或其他结构。在图6A-C所示的实施例中,接合表面135包括在上终板110和下终板120上的一对孔。所述孔适于接合在合适的配置工具上形成的突起。
[0085]在终板110,120中形成的纤维孔124可被设置并具有任意希望的密度,并且孔密度可根据终板110,120的不同节段而改变。例如,孔密度在如图6A-C所示的终板110,120的前端处高于在终板110,120的后端的孔密度。举例而言,围绕核芯构件130的前部132示出15个孔124,而围绕核芯构件130的后部131仅仅10个孔。通常,由更高的孔密度所能够引发的更高的纤维密度,将提供对于屈曲、拉伸、弯曲和旋转更高程度的抵抗。孔密度可采用任意合适方式进行改变,以提供所希望的临床结果。
[0086]图7-10图示了具有不同形状、尺寸和朝向的整体式终板110的多个变型。这些实例中的每一个为完整人工椎间盘的一部分,该部分具有对应的类似尺寸和形状的下(或上)终板120、核芯构件130、在终板之间卷绕并对终板进行互连的纤维140、和可选的保护性囊150,图7-10中未示出上述任何一个。相反地,为清楚起见,图7-10仅示出人工椎间盘的顶终板110,可以理解的是,其余结构可以包含所述任一个特征。
[0087]举例而言,图7图示了肾形整体式终板110,并且图8图示了曲线形整体式终板110。这些形状中每一种均包括适于接近或近似椎体的外曲线并便于插入装置的曲线或曲面。因此,由终板支承的负荷可从椎体的中央部分向椎体的外壳(环状骨突)向外分布。
[0088]图9示出具有圆形孔124的大致矩形的整体式终板。用于卷绕纤维124的孔124可为:圆形,如图9所示;矩圆形,如其余多幅图所示,包括图7、8和10;或者其他任意合适形状。孔124也可为适于承接纤维140绕组的尺寸。举例而言,图10示出了杠铃形终板110,其具有适于承接大致矩圆形核芯构件130的凹部以及适于围绕所述核芯构件130的大致矩圆形孔124的图案。
[0089]每个前述终板的形状、尺寸和朝向仅仅是出于示意性目的。可以考虑另外的形状和尺寸,并且完全保持具有在此所述的人工椎间盘的结构。
[0090]图11A-D示出了本发明人工椎间盘100的另一变型。所述盘包括上终板110、下终板120、和位于上下终板之间的核芯构件130。上终板110和下终板120中的一个或多个包括曲线形支承表面170。在图示实例中,仅仅下终板120包括曲线形支承表面170。然而,在上终板110上可包含这种支承表面以代替下终板120,或者除下终板120外还包含这种支承表面。在仅仅一个终板包含曲线形支承表面170的情况下,另一终板将优选为平坦的。每个终板110,120呈大致杠铃形,提供用于大致椭圆形的核芯构件130(如图11E所示),以及用于孔124的类似椭圆形图案。
[0091]曲线形支承表面170包括大致平坦的中间节段171和在任一端上的隆起侧部172,所述任一端靠近终板110的前端和后端。曲线形支承表面170允许在所述盘的屈曲和拉伸期间在核芯130和终板120之间相对滑动运动。这种结构还提供用于相对较大的有效核芯覆盖区。
[0092]图12示出本发明人工椎间盘200的变型。该变型包括由可压缩核芯206分隔开的上终板202和下终板204。如下文更为详细地描述的,可压缩核芯206可包括一个或多个核芯构件(未示出),并且可被在上终板202和下终板204之间延伸的一个或多个纤维207所缠绕。上和下终板202,204可包括孔208,纤维207可穿过孔208。其他构件(编织或非编织织物、线、等等)可用于功能性替代纤维207。
[0093]图13为装置200的端视图,其特别地示出了侧槽210,212的深度。图14为装置200的侧视图,其也示出了侧槽210,212。
[0094]图15示出了人工椎间盘200的俯视图。核芯构件(未示出)的形状可从在俯视图中所见的纤维装置208的放置位置确定。在上终板202中的侧槽212可见于(阴影中)该视图中。在所述盘的这一变型中,下终板204的形状将与图15所示相同。
[0095]所述盘还可包括缠绕在上终板202和下终板204之间并将上终板202连接到下终板204的纤维207。这些纤维207可延伸经过形成于上和下终板202,204的每一个的各部分上的多个开口或孔208。因此,纤维207在成对的终板202,204之间延伸,并向上延伸经过在上终板202中的第一孔208,并向下向回延伸经过在上终板202中的相邻的孔208。纤维207可不被紧密缠绕,从而允许在终板之间由终板引发的一定程度的轴线旋转、弯曲、屈曲和拉伸。轴线旋转的量通常处于从约0°到约15°的范围内,或许从约2°到10°。弯曲量通常具有从约0°到约18°的范围,或许从约2°到15°。屈曲和拉伸量通常具有从约0°到约25°的范围,或许从约3°到15°。当然,纤维207可被更紧密或更不紧密地缠绕,以改变这些旋转值的综合值。形成可压缩核芯206的核芯构件(未示出)可设置成未压缩状态或压缩状态。环形囊可包含在上和下终板202,204之间的空间中,以围绕可压缩核芯206。
[0096]所述人工椎间盘可包括可压缩核芯206,其包括较大的单一细长核芯构件、大致圆形的核芯构件、或两个或更多个大致圆柱形核芯构件。双核芯结构可更好地仿真自然盘的性能特性。另外,相对于单核芯结构中的纤维207,双核芯结构中的纤维207承受更小的应力。
[0097]每个终板202,204的横向或水平表面面积,即接合椎体的盘表面的面积,基本上大于一个或多个核芯构件的横截面表面面积。一个或多个核芯构件的横截面表面面积可为给定终板202,204的横截面面积的约5%到约80%,或许从约10%到约60%,或者从约15%到约50%。以此方式,针对具有足够压缩、屈曲拉伸、旋转和其他性能特性但具有相对小横截面尺寸的给定可压缩核芯206,核芯构件可用于支撑具有相对较大横截面尺寸的终板,以便帮助防止陷入椎体表面内。在此处所述变型中,可压缩核芯206和终板202,204还具有适合于或适应于通过后路途径或微创外科手术过程进行植入的尺寸,例如上文所述。
[0098]在如图12-16所示的变型中尤为令人感兴趣的是侧向放置的安装槽(在下板204中为210,在上板202中为212)。在上板202和下板204中的安装槽210,212可与诸如如图17所示的工具一起使用。功能上讲,槽210,212的深度足以允许通过滑动如图所示的工具300的上杆(图17中的302)和下杆(图17中的304)来夹持所述盘200。可选地,但希望地,槽210,212也被配置为,允许用户压缩盘200的高度,并降低盘200的用于穿过囊(图1中的700)并用于更易于植入的轮廓。如图17明显所示,当两个可操作夹表面306,308朝向彼此移动时,成对的上杆或分叉302朝向下杆或分叉304移动。
[0099]图16示出了本发明人工椎间盘250的另一变型,其中,(上终板254的)上侧狭槽252和(下终板258)的下狭槽256并非各自平行于这些终板的配合表面260,262。然而,上狭槽252大致平行于下狭槽254,从而允许使用诸如图17所示的安装和压缩装置。这种结构允许植入人工椎间盘,其中,例如,终板并非平行。这种盘结构允许使用呈楔状的核芯(例如,264)或者具有不均匀围绕可压缩核芯的纤维(例如266)放置位置的核芯。在此类结构中,将上终板254相对于下终板258转动268所需的力在脊椎屈曲时可不同于早它们处于脊椎拉伸时。所述盘250的形状可用于提供特定的具体脊椎运动能力,或允许人工椎间盘在植入后松弛成具体配置或形状。
[0100]图17示出了可用于植入在此所述的盘的工具350。也可适合采用其他具有上延伸杆302的工具,该上延伸杆通常沿大致平行的路径靠近或远离下延伸杆304而移动。上文未论述的是上和下定位或配置螺钉310,312。使用附接缆314并因此将安装盘推离工具并推进椎间空间,就转动这些上和下螺钉310,312。所述盘可能已经被解压缩,或者随着其被传送到椎间空间,就处于其压缩状态。
[0101]图18示出了本发明人工椎间盘270处于坍缩形式的一个变型的透视图。该变型包括由可压缩核芯276隔开的上终板272和下终板274。如下文详细所述,可压缩核芯276可包括一个或多个可膨胀核芯构件(未示出),并可被在上终板272和下终板274之间延伸的一个或多个纤维280所缠绕。该图中还示出了膨胀管路282,膨胀材料可流经该管路。上和下终板272,274可包括孔278,纤维280可穿过孔278。其他成分(编织或未编织织物,线,等等)可用于功能性替换纤维280。
[0102]图19为图18中所示盘270但出于膨胀已植入状态的透视图。填充管路(图18中的282)已经被除去,并且气囊密封284。图18和19中均示出开口286,其可用于协同附接以植入工具以及附接特征或构件(例如“脊棱”)288,用于持久地附接到椎骨。
[0103]所述盘可包括在上终板272和下终板274之间卷绕并将上终板272连接到下终板274的纤维277。这些纤维277可延伸经过在上和下终板272,274中每一个的各部分上形成的多个开口或孔278。因此,纤维277在所述一对终板272,274之间延伸,并向上延伸经过在上终板272中的第一孔278,并向回向下延伸经过在上终板272中的相邻孔278。形成可压缩核芯276的基于气囊的核芯构件(未示出)可设置成坍缩形式以用于植入。环形囊可包含在上和下终板272,274之间的空间中,围绕可压缩核芯276。
[0104]图20和21示出本发明人工椎间盘的步进式结构。具体而言,图20在步骤(a)中显示特别构建(尺寸,角度等等)以形成人工椎间盘的形式290,当膨胀时,所述盘具有与形式290相同的在上终板272和下终板274之间的角度。上终板272和下终板安装在形式290上。具有膨胀端口和线294的小气囊或可膨胀构件292被选择以配合在上和下终板272,274之间的区域中。采用这种方式,终板位于特定角度处,这样,当填充管路294被居前放置时,结果形成的盘导致形成在相邻的椎骨之间的脊柱前凸角。气囊通常采用惰性气体(例如氮气等等)膨胀到合适压力。气囊可通常由合适的聚合物制成,但用于制造血管成形或等级传送气囊(stent delivery balloon)的材料相当优良。尽管用于制造适应性以及半适应性气囊的材料可用于此类气囊,但是用于制造高压非适应性血管成形气囊的聚合材料是更优选择。非适应性气囊典型地已经由聚乙二醇对苯二甲酸酯(PET)制成,所述PET带有或不带有各种其他共聚物(例如聚内酯)。可用具有明显抗穿透性的多层气囊。
[0105]随着气囊292膨胀到如步骤(b)所示的尺寸,纤维280穿过孔(图18和19中的278)进行编织,而形成纤维网络,随着力被施加到其中一个终板,就将该力围绕所述盘进行分布。
[0106]最后,如步骤(c)所示,带有相关纤维矩阵280的气囊292被膨胀。膨胀盘281可从形式290去除。盘281准备植入。膨胀盘281可在植入之前被进一步压缩。
[0107]图21示出了与图20相同的设置,不同之处在于,填充管路280位于气囊292的相对侧上。
[0108]通常,两组材料被认为适合用于这种基于气囊的核芯的填充剂:在放置气囊之后可固化以产生可压缩核芯和水凝胶的聚合物系统。上述两种的物理混合物也是可行的。
[0109]举例而言,可固化聚合物系统可以是可固化聚亚安酯组合物,其包括能够在提供可流动组分并开始固化时杀菌、存储和混合的多个部分。所述部分可包括:(1)预聚物,其包括一种或多种多元醇(例如聚醚或聚碳酸酯多元醇)的反应产物,以及一种或多种二异氰酸酯,以及可选的疏水性添加剂;和(2)一种或多种固化组分,例如一种或多种多元醇、一种或多种增链剂、一种或多种催化剂、以及如果希望,还有抗氧化剂和染料。在混合后,组分将足够彻底地流动,以允许在压力下传送到气囊。这些材料也将在生理状况下固化。
[0110]水凝胶是水可膨胀或水膨胀性的聚合材料,其典型地具有由亲水性均聚物或共聚物的交联或互相贯通的网络所限定的结构。在物理交联的情况下,链接可采用缠绕、微晶或氢键性结构的形式,以提供针对聚合网络的结构和物理完整性。
[0111]合适的水凝胶可由各种亲水聚合物和共聚物形成,包括:多乙酸酒精、聚乙烯乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚氧化乙烯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚亚安酯、聚氧化乙烯基聚亚安酯、和聚羟乙基异丁烯酸酯、以及上述物质的共聚物和混合物。
[0112]硅酮基水凝胶也是合适的。可通过对如下单体的混合物进行聚合来制备硅酮水凝胶,所述单体包括至少一种含硅酮的单体或者低聚物以及至少一种亲水性共聚用单体,例如N-乙烯砒咯烷酮(NVP)、N-乙烯基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基-N-甲基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基-N-乙基乙酰胺、N-乙烯基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基-N-乙基甲酰胺、N-乙烯基甲酰胺、2-羟乙基-碳酸乙烯酯、和2-羟乙基-胺基甲酸乙烯酯(β-丙胺酸)。
[0113]图22示出了本发明人工椎间盘300的一个变型的透视图。该变型包括由可压缩核芯306分隔的上终板302和下终板304。如下文详细论述,可压缩核芯306可包括一个或多个核芯构件(未示出),并被在上终板302和下终板304之间延伸的一个或多个纤维308所捆缚。上下终板302,304可包括孔310,纤维308可穿过孔310。其他构件(编织或未编织织物、线、等等)可用于功能性替换纤维308。
[0114]如图22可见,上终板302包括铰链312,其在可压缩核芯306上折叠。所述铰链降低了人工椎间盘300的有效厚度,并改进其性能,以到达在植入人工椎间盘的过程中取出自然盘之时形成的椎间开口。当试图使用后部途径替换盘时,尤其在替换具有从后部途径始的脊柱前凸角的盘时,这种降低的轮廓是有益的。
[0115]通过使用两个加强杆314,就实现了在放置于椎间空间之后对上终板302的拉直。这些杆314可具有:燕尾节段316,其协作地操作为在燕尾导轨中的滑动燕尾销;或者舌状节段318,其在上终板302的边缘处发现。在盘体300放置在椎间空间中之后,加强杆于是就滑动到燕尾边缘槽318中,从而拉直铰链区域312。
[0116]图22中还可见开口320,其用于处理和放置工具。
[0117]图23为图22所示装置300的侧视图,其特别示出了上终板302中的燕尾槽318。
[0118]图24为装置330另一变型的侧视图。该变型具有带铰链312的上终板302以及也具有铰链334的下终板332。上终板302和下终板304中每一个均包括燕尾槽318,其用于拉直所述盘330并将其沿拉直方向锁定。
[0119]图25为图24中所示的人工椎间盘330的透视图。在该图中,所述盘的上和下终板302,332已经被拉直,并且加强杆336已经滑动就位。纤维孔310也可见。
[0120]作为对本文所有变型的情况,所述盘还包括纤维338,其在上终板302和下终板332之间卷绕并将上终板302连接到下终板332。这些纤维338可延伸经过在上下终板302,332中每一个的各部分上形成的多个开口或孔310。因此,纤维338延伸在所述一对终板302,332之间,并向上延伸经过在上终板302中的第一孔,并向回向下延伸经过在上终板302中的相邻孔310。
[0121]形成可压缩核芯340的核芯构件(未示出)可设置成未压缩状态或压缩状态。环形囊可包含在上和下终板302,332之间的空间内,围绕可压缩核芯340。
[0122]图26示出了多个终板的截面图以及两个加强杆的透视图。6(a)变型显示滑动的“T”接头350。6(b)变型使用滑动燕尾接头352。6(c)变型为位于终板356中央而非边缘上的滑动中央燕尾354。该变型的终板356将具有与之前所述相比在植入期间更宽的损伤。6(d)变型包括附接到滑动燕尾的固定构件。6(e)变型使用中央滑动“T”接头360。6(f)变型采用带有固定构件364的滑动“T”接头。6(g)变型采用一对位于中央的加强杆366,其具有圆形横截面并也包括固定构件。6(h)变型368是带有固定构件370的6(b)变型的透视图。最后,6(i)变型358是6(d)变型的透视图。
[0123]图27示出了本发明人工椎间盘400在填充和植入之后它将具有的形式的一个变型的透视图。该变型包括由可压缩核芯406分隔的上终板402和下终板404。如下文更为详细论述,可压缩核芯406可包括一个或多个核芯材料(未示出),并可被在上终板402和下终板404之间延伸的一个或多个纤维410所捆缚。如下文所更为详细阐释的,核芯构件(至少局部地)包括可压缩颗粒。上下终板402,404可包括孔408,纤维410可穿过孔408。其他构件(编织或未编织织物、线、等等)可用于功能性替换纤维410。开口412被定位而与安装和膨胀工具一起使用。如果希望,这些开口可被攻螺纹。
[0124]图28提供了用于对本发明人工椎间盘400的一个变型进行膨胀和填充的示意性过程。初始步骤(未示出)为盘子构件的产物,即,由上终板402、下终板404、和纤维闭合罩410构成的组件。所制成的盘子构件不具有核芯构件,或者如果希望,则具有仅仅一个或者多个局部核芯构件。此类局部核芯构件的实例对应图31A-31E进行论述。在任一种情况中,纤维内部的容积在初始盘子构件中至少局部为空。这种盘子构件初始时以坍缩形式被引入椎骨中。
[0125]图28,步骤(a)示出呈坍缩形式的盘子构件420,其与安装和膨胀工具422接合。盘子构件420的非常低的轮廓,允许其到达许多不同的脊髓位置,并且特别有用于后路途径过程,其中,脊髓和分支神经限制了此类盘可经过的区域。在工具422的两个把手424彼此远离的运动期间,把手424保持大致彼此平行,并且以大致平行的关系携载上和下终板402,404。
[0126]在任何情况下,在图28中,把手424彼此远离而移动,该过程在盘子构件420被放入椎间空间后完成。在图28中,步骤(c)(至少局部的)空部正在采用注射器进行填充。注射器可包括可压缩物质的颗粒或液滴,例如热塑性弹性体(TPE),诸如具有例如50D到60D(例如55D)的肖氏值的聚碳酸酯聚氨酯TPE。此类材料的示例为商业可行的TPE、BIONATE。肖氏硬度经常用于针对弹性体指定弹性或曲度。合适的代表性弹性体材料的其他实例包括硅酮、聚亚安酯、或聚酯(例如)。
[0127]这些颗粒可从较大块的选择材料上割下,或者初始时合成为希望形式。可压缩颗粒尺寸大致适于可被引入所述盘中,如步骤(c)所示,而带有注射器428,该注射器带有或不带有传递液。初始时将颗粒堆积在盘420中,必须小心进行以消除在核芯构件中的空部。
[0128]尽管并非必要,但人们可以将粘合剂添加到所堆积的核芯构件,以固化核芯构件或者使形状稳定。
[0129]在图28中,步骤(d),填充完成并且工具422正在从开口412取出。现在完成了所述方法的实质性部分。
[0130]图29A和29B示出用于将颗粒引入本发明人工椎间盘的替代性固体处理装置。具体而言,图29A示出如下装置,其具有含固体的仓450,该仓带有通向固体传输管线454的圆锥形底部452。管线454含有帽状构件(在图29B的横截面中为456),其被马达458转动。供给盘的颗粒的量可采用此类装置容易地进行控制。
[0131]图30是上终板460、如上所述的纤维闭合罩462、穿过上终板460的通路464、和颗粒填充管路466的截面侧视图。这就允许颗粒进入所述盘而不穿透纤维闭合罩462。
[0132]图31A-31E显示适合用于我们的装置的可压缩核芯的各种结构的横截面的俯视图。如上文所提和图31A所示,可压缩核芯可包括由如上文所述的纤维闭合罩472所围绕的颗粒材料470。图31B示出核芯变型,其具有的中央容积474包括由环形区域476围绕的颗粒,环形区域476可被模制或由固体材料(例如TPE或上文所述的其他材料)形成,并在引入颗粒474之前安装在所述盘中。
[0133]图31C示出具有由纤维闭合罩484隔开的一种颗粒的中央容积480和包含另一类型颗粒的环形容积482的核芯。两种类型的颗粒的不同点取决于具有专门用途的盘的设计者。所述不同点可为如下物理参数,例如物理尺寸、物理形状、颗粒混合物、一种类型的颗粒、封装密度、填充颗粒、或对装置的物理运行或寿命形成冲击的其他不同点。
[0134]图31D示出一种变型,其中颗粒的外环形区域围绕中央无颗粒区域490。中央区域490可包括上述弹性体或水凝胶材料。所述区域之间的边界可根据中央节段的属性而适应性调整。
[0135]图32示出本发明人工椎间盘500的变型。该变型包括由可压缩核芯506分隔的上终板502和下终板504。如下文更为详细论述的,在终板已经被引入空的椎间空间内之后,可压缩核芯506可插入到上和下终板502,504之间的空间内。具体而言,可压缩核芯506可“拧入”或旋转进入内终板空间,或可被压入该空间。核芯构件可被在上终板502和下终板504之间延伸的一个或多个纤维507捆缚。上和下终板502,504可包括孔508,纤维507可穿过孔508。其他构件(编织或未编织织物、线、等等)可用于功能性替换纤维507。
[0136]图33A为一个终板504的俯视图,其示出的内通路具有与核芯构件(图33C中的510)内的类似螺纹(图33C中的508)啮合的螺纹509。图33B示出终板504的截面侧视图,并更为清楚地示出螺纹509。图33C示出带有附属槽508的螺纹核芯构件510。如上所提,在该变型中,核芯510被扭转进入或拧入终板中的啮合螺纹内。这种行为将终板进行分隔并且植入人工椎间盘。
[0137]图34A示出本发明的盘的另一变型的终板520的俯视图。该变型采用核芯构件(图34C中的530),其被推动进入在终板之间的空间,而并非如针对图33A、33B和33C所述的变型中被拧入或扭转进入。该变型包括在终板520中的脊522,其与核芯构件530中的圆周槽524相符。图34B提供标示所含脊522的终板520的剖切侧视图。终板502,504还包括在终板的近端中的开口512,其可与可用于植入所述盘的工具一起使用。
[0138]图35A、35B和35C示出适用于植入所述盘的工具。图35A示出具有上分叉554和下分叉556的工具550,每个分叉具有配合进入位于终板502,504的近端处的开口512的延伸部。两个分叉554,556通过附接到主柱560而彼此大致平行。在该变型中,上分叉554可在主柱560上滑动而靠近或远离下分叉556。主柱560刚性地固定到下分叉556。即使在上分叉554移动时,分叉554,556也并行而处。
[0139]当分叉554,556插入到终板中的开口512中时,工具550可用于减小(或最小化)盘组件552的用于插入到椎间空间中的高度。在合适地放置在植入位置之后,工具550然后可用于膨胀盘组件552,以便引入核芯构件510,530。
[0140]图35B和35C示出适用于将核芯构件放入盘组件552中的工具。图35B示出夹持核芯构件530的夹持工具580。核芯构件530的这种变型将与具有如图33A和33B所示的配置的终板一起使用。夹持工具580然后用于将核芯构件580旋进核芯组件530,并将其膨胀到最终高度。
[0141]图35C示出可用于将核芯构件旋进盘组件510的另一驱动工具582。在该变型中,驱动工具582为正方形轮廓驱动器,其被插入到核芯构件510端部中的配合接收器584。
[0142]图35示出本发明人工椎间盘600的变型。该变型包括由可压缩核芯609隔开的上终板602和下终板604。如下文更为详细所述,可压缩核芯606可包括一个或多个核芯构件,并且可被在上终板602和下终板604之间延伸的一个或多个纤维607捆缚。上和下终板602,604可包括孔608,纤维607可穿过孔608。其他构件(编织或未编织织物,线,等等)可用于功能性替换纤维607。
[0143]图36示出了本发明的另一变型。
[0144]图37A示出一种在该人工椎间盘的另一实例中将球形核芯部件614引入到坍缩盘组件616中的方法。
[0145]图37B是本发明的盘的另一变型的分解透视图。在该变型中,终板为外终板(上外终板650和下外终板652)和内终板(上内终板654和下内终板656)的组件。在该变型中,内盘子组件658首先由上内终板654和下内终板656、丝状构件662和可压缩核芯构件660组装而成。可压缩核芯构件660可为球形。在图37C中,这就导致形成另一子组件658,其然后可被引入一套预先定位的外终板中。
[0146]另一方式为:两个外终板650,652可被首先引入到在自然盘取出之后形成的椎间空间内。所述两个终板每个均呈非常低的轮廓。内盘子组件658然后滑动进入外终板650,652的配合斜坡664,666。在外终板664,666中的配合斜坡和在内终板654,656的外表面被显示为较宽的燕尾。其他类似的配置,例如“T”接头、狭槽、舌状件和凹槽等等,也是可以接受的。
[0147]图38A-38D示出本发明的盘的另一变型的各方面。外终板每一个均包括包含斜坡节段的路径,用于在现场将内盘子组件放置到这些外终板中。
[0148]图38A为上外终板663和下外终板664的透视图。每个终板包括在通路668中的斜坡节段666。用于内终板子组件670的斜坡节段666和通路668中每一个的相对位置和深度较佳地见于图5D中。
[0149]图38B为包含上内终板654和下内终板656、丝状构件662、和一个或多个可压缩核芯构件(不可见)的内终板子组件670的分解透视图。如上文所提,这种子组件可在其布置后滑动进入相关外终板中。纤维孔608可见于该视图。
[0150]最后,图38C示出内终板子组件668,其还包括上内终板682和下内终板684、丝状构件686、和一个或多个可压缩核芯构件(不可见)。在该图中需要特别注意的是在终板之间的角度。这种脊柱前凸角可用于帮助将内终板子组件680放置到例如在如图38D所示的外终板中的斜坡666内。所述角也还用于实现在结果形成的植入中的特定角关系。
[0151]图39A示出在轴线移位低轮廓状况下本发明人工椎间盘701。上终板702和下终板704被可压缩核芯(视图中不可见)所分隔。可压缩核芯也可在该轮廓中轴向移位,以驻留或至少部分地容装在每个终板702,704中发现的专门形成的相对凹部中。如下文更为详细所述,可压缩核芯706可被在上终板702和下终板704之间延伸的一个或多个纤维(未示出)捆缚。上和下终板702,704可包括孔(未示出),纤维可穿过该孔。其他构件(编织或未编织织物、线、等等)可用于功能性替换所述纤维。
[0152]图39B示出处于高轮廓状况的本发明人工椎间盘701。上终板702和下终板704现在被分隔开,并且可压缩核芯706可见。可看见在下终板704中的凹部708的一部分,其用于在所述盘处于其低轮廓状况时隐匿住可压缩核芯706。
[0153]图40A示出如图39A所见处于低轮廓状况的本发明的盘701的截面图。在上终板702中的凹部区域720和在下终板704中的凹部区域722将可压缩核芯706固定于低轮廓状况。两个凹部(上终板702中的720;下终板704中的722的形状和定位可清楚见于图41中。图40B示出如图39B所示处于高轮廓位置的盘的截面侧视图。凹部720,722已经被腾空。可压缩盘706轴向移动到其最终驻留位置,该位置可在一对浅凹部(上终板702中的724;下终板704中的726中。这些浅凹部在其移动到最终位置期间引导可压缩核芯706的运动。浅凹部724,726还用作针对盘运动的限制止挡。
[0154]图42示出本发明人工椎间盘800的变型。该变型包括被可压缩核芯806分隔的上终板802和下终板804。如下文更为详细所述,可压缩核芯806可包括一个或多个核芯构件(未示出),并被在上终板802和下终板804之间延伸的一个或多个纤维807捆缚。上和下终板802,804可包括孔808,纤维807可穿过孔808。浅槽或凹陷809用于将可插入的可压缩核芯806从终板子构件组件外部引导到其最终位置。其他构件(编织或未编织织物、线、等等)也用于功能性替换纤维807。明显的是,这种人工椎间盘以如下方式被植入:“终板子构件组件”,由上下终板802,804和内置纤维807构成的低轮廓组件被放置在椎间空间和可压缩核芯806中。
[0155]图43为具有插入支撑件810的可插入的可压缩核芯806的透视图,当已经取出自然盘时,在已经将子组件引入到椎间空间之后,所述插入支撑件810可用于将核芯引入终板子构件组件。
[0156]图44以示意性方式示出插入工具814和坍缩终板子构件组件816的组合。插入工具814通过插入到开口811中而支撑上和下终板802,804。可插入盘806采用其支撑构件810通过使用螺钉818被推进到坍缩终板子构件组件816中。当可插入盘806完全推进到坍缩终板子构件组件816中时,实现了全高度盘(如图2所示)。
[0157]终板的各种轮廓可用于提供各种最终板轮廓。举例而言,图45示出带有槽或通路822的终板820的侧视截面图,槽或通路822用于将可压缩核芯引导行进到其最终位置。图6示出在将可压缩核芯826插入于两个终板820之间后人工椎间盘824的最终轮廓的侧视截面图。最终形状可用于提供在保持明显的内终板间隔之时相对于盘824的具体脊柱前凸或脊柱后凸角。低轮廓坍缩终板子构件组件816也允许通过可与后路途径一起使用的小访问开口而进入椎间空间。
[0158]图47以截面侧视图的方式示出也具有用于引导可压缩核芯行进的槽或路径830的终板828的另一轮廓。接着,图48以截面侧视图的方式示出结果形成的人工椎间盘834的膨胀轮廓。在该实例中,斜坡成角度,以提供可压缩核芯836通向其最终位置的简单路径。盘834的轮廓具有面向椎骨的大致平行的表面。
[0159]图49A和49B提供了通过放置核芯构件842而转动就位的可延伸锚定特征840的截面侧视图。所描述的锚定特征可围绕铰链销844或仅仅通过将锚定特征840放置在合适形状开口中而进行转动。
[0160]上和下终板的表面,那些于上和下椎体的相应相对的骨表面接触并最终粘合的表面,可具有一个或多个锚定或固定构件或机构(例如针对图49A和49B所论述的那些),其用于将这些终板固定到椎体。举例而言,锚定特征可为一个或多个“脊棱”,一种鳍装伸长部,其经常具有大致三角形横截面,并具有一系列外钩部或锯齿。这种锚定构件用于协同接合在椎体表面上形成的配合凹槽,从而将终板固定到其相应椎体。锯齿增强了锚定特征接合椎体的能力。
[0161]进一步,锚定构件的这种“脊棱”变型可包括一个或多个孔、狭槽、脊、凹槽、凹口或隆起表面,以进一步帮助将所述盘锚定到相关椎骨。这些物理特征将通过允许骨内生而进行帮助。每个终板可具有数目不同的锚定构件,并且这些锚定特征可具有在每个终板上的不同朝向。
[0162]图50示出本发明人工椎间盘900的变型。该变型包括由可压缩核芯组件906分隔的上终板902和下终板904。如下文更为详细所述,可压缩核芯组件906可被在可压缩核芯组件906的上端和可压缩核芯组件906的下端之间延伸的一个或多个纤维907捆缚。可压缩核芯组件906包括上和下螺纹节段908,910,其与在上终板902和下终板904中的配合螺纹相啮合,并进行配合。可压缩核芯组件906可包括孔(图52B中的910),纤维907可穿过该孔。其他构件(编织或未编织织物、线等等)可用于功能性替换纤维907。
[0163]图51为用于图50装置900中的终板902,904的侧向剖视图。螺纹区域912清楚可见。
[0164]图52A示出与螺纹部分互补的可压缩核芯组件906。纤维907也可见。图52B为图52A可压缩核芯组件906的俯视图,其示出纤维907穿过的孔910。通过扭转可压缩核芯组件906的主体,可压缩核芯组件906的这种变型从其在终板中的低轮廓位置隆起。
[0165]图53示出具有螺纹区域922,923的可压缩核芯组件920的另一变型的侧视图,螺纹区域922,923拧入在上和下终板902,904中的阴螺纹区域。可压缩核芯组件906的这种变型包括圆周环924,其具有一系列开口926,诸如扳手(tang wrench)的工具与之配合,从而与这些开口进行装配,以允许可压缩核芯组件906的旋转,并将其从其低轮廓位置提升。
[0166]图54示出具有小得多的螺纹区域934的终板930,932的另一变型。
[0167]图55示出带有较小螺纹柱938的可压缩核芯构件936以及带有用于使可压缩核芯构件906旋转的开口942的圆周环940。
[0168]图56示出本发明人工椎间盘950的变型。该变型包括被包含两个核芯构件958的可压缩核芯956隔开的上终板952和下终板954。如下文详细论述,可压缩核芯956可包括一个或多个核芯构件958,并可被在上终板952和下终板954之间延伸的一个或多个纤维960捆缚。上和下终板952,954可包括孔962,纤维960可穿过孔962。其他构件(编织或未编织织物、线等等)可用于功能性替换纤维960。
[0169]图57提供了一种用于放置本发明人工椎间盘的概括方法。在步骤(a)中,可选地具有所包含的一部分纤维绕组960的一对终板952,954被放置在上脊椎970和下脊椎972自检的植入位置处。在步骤(b)中,核芯构件974插入在两个终板952,954之间。核芯构件974可呈大致圆柱形,并且其直径小于其高度。在步骤(b)中,核芯构件974可插入于其侧部。在步骤(c)中,核芯构件974被旋转,从而使核芯构件974的轴线与脊椎轴线对准,或者处于竖直。
[0170]核芯构件974的几何结构可被改变,以易于进行旋转核芯构件974这一步骤。例如,增大在圆柱体的边缘上的倒圆或倒角,将帮助进行旋转。
[0171]另外,多于一个的此类核芯构件974可放置在终板之间。盘(图2中的950)为一种此类变型。恰好一个核芯构件974也可引入到人工椎间盘中。
[0172]上文所述显示了显著改进的人工椎间盘。采用正确选择的材料以及类似物,本发明的盘接近地模拟或大致接近用于进行替换的全功能自然盘的机械性能。
[0173]更具体而言,椎骨运动的模式,其特征可为压缩振动吸收(即,非常快速的压缩加载和卸载)、屈曲(前向)和拉伸(后向)、横向弯曲(侧对侧)、扭曲(扭动)、以及平移和脱位(轴向移动)。在此所述的人工椎间盘类似于针对每种移动模式的自然生理学约束,而非完全约束,或者允许将被解除约束的模式。采用此方式,所述人工椎间盘的正确设计和加工的变型紧密模仿或接近自然盘的性能。
[0174]所针对的盘展现了在轴向方向上的刚度、抗扭刚度、在半平面(saggital plane)中的弯曲刚度、和在前面中的弯曲刚度,其中这些特征的程度可通过调节所述盘的构件而独立控制。在所述人工椎间盘的多个变型的终板和核芯构件之间的界面能够进行非常容易的外科手术操作。
[0175]可以理解的是,作为本专利申请主体的本发明并不限于本发明的盘的具体示例。
[0176]在提供数值范围的情况下,可以理解的是,处于所述某个范围内的每个居间值是处于该范围的上限和下限之间以及任何其他提到的或插入的数值之间,除非上下文明确地另行指出,以下限单位的十分之一进行插入。服从于在陈述范围内的任何具体排他限制,这些小范围的上限和下限可独立包含在所描述的较小范围内。在所陈述的范围包括一个或两个限制时,排斥上述所含限制中任一个或两个的范围也得到描述。
[0177]除非另行定义,在此使用的所有技术和科技术语均具有与医疗器械领域的普通技术人员所通常理解相同的含义。尽管在所述装置和方法的实践或测试中也可以使用与在此描述相似或等价的方法和材料,但是在本文中描述了优选的方法和材料。在此提及的所有公开物通过引用并入于此,以公开和描述引用出版物所结合的方法和/或材料。
[0178]必须注意的是,如在此和所附权利要求书所使用的,单数形式“一”、“一个”、“该”、“所述”包括复数指代,除非上下文明确地另行指出。
[0179]一旦阅读本公开内容,本领域技术人员将明了,在不偏离本公开内容的范围和精神的情况下,在此描述和图示的单独变型中的每一个具有可被容易地从其他多种实施例中的任一个区分或者组合的独立构件和特征。举例而言且无限制性地,在此描述的多个变型包括锚定特征、保护性囊、纤维绕组、和用于整体式终板的覆盖暴露纤维的保护性盖。可以清楚理解的是,这些特征可被并入(或不并入)其中未显示或描述这些特征的变型中。
[0180]在此提及的所有专利、专利申请以及其他出版物因此通过引用以其整体并入于此。在此论述的专利、申请和出版物单独提供,它们的公开内容早于本申请的递交日期。本文中的任何内容都不应被理解为承认这些专利、申请和出版物的内容是“现有的”,如该词汇在专利法中使用的。
[0181]之前仅仅描述了本发明的原理。可以理解的是,本领域技术人员将能够设计不同的配置,尽管这些配置并未在此得到清楚描述或显示,却实施了在此另行描述的原理,并被包含在其精神和范围内。进一步,在此引用的所有示例和状况语言原理上用于帮助读者理解我们的装置和方法的所描述的原理。另外,在此引用其精神、方面和变型以及特定示例的所有陈述,意在涵盖结构和功能上的等价方案。另外,意在的是,此类等价方案包括当前公知的等价方案以及将来开发的等价方案,即,执行相同功能而无论结构而开发的任意构件。
Claims (112)
1.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
第一终板;
第二终板;
位于所述第一和第二终板之间的至少两个可压缩核芯构件;和
在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维;以及
其中,所述终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一终板和所述第二终板中的至少一个包括形成于其中的多个孔,所述孔处于基本上偏离终板边缘的位置处。
3.根据权利要求2所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一终板和所述第二终板,二者均包括形成于其中的多个孔,所述孔处于基本上偏离终板边缘的位置处。
4.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少两个可压缩核芯构件和所述至少一个纤维以基本上模仿了自然椎间盘功能属性的方式被配置。
5.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少两个可压缩核芯构件从所述第一终板延伸到所述第二终板。
6.根据权利要求2所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个纤维延伸穿过所述第一终板的所述孔中的至少一个,并穿过所述第二终板的所述孔中的至少一个。
7.根据权利要求3所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个纤维延伸穿过所述第一终板的所述多个孔中的每一个,并穿过所述第二终板的所述多个孔中的每一个。
8.根据权利要求4所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个纤维围绕所述终板进行卷绕,卷绕图案选自单向卷绕图案、双向卷绕图案和多向卷绕图案。
9.根据权利要求7所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个纤维限定了两个或更多个纤维。
10.根据权利要求9所述的人工椎间盘,其中,第一层的纤维和第二层的所述纤维被施加以相同张力。
11.根据权利要求9所述的人工椎间盘,其中,第一层的纤维和第二层的所述纤维被施加以不同张力。
12.根据权利要求11所述的人工椎间盘,其中,第一层的所述纤维以相对于所述终板中至少一个的第一角度延伸,第二层的所述纤维以相对于所述终板中至少一个的第二角度延伸。
13.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述可压缩核芯构件皆包括至少一个弹性体。
14.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个纤维包括选自聚合物、金属和碳的至少一种构件。
15.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个纤维包括选自多丝纤维、单丝纤维和包封纤维的至少一种构件。
16.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,进一步包括至少一个固定构件,其用于将所述第一终板或所述第二终板固定到椎体,所述固定构件从所述第一终板或所述第二终板的外表面延伸。
17.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,进一步包括封装所述可压缩核芯的囊。
19.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一终板和所述第二终板中的至少一个包括与所述核芯构件接合的曲线形支承表面。
20.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一和第二终板皆具有长度和宽度,并且所述长度大于所述宽度。
21.根据权利要求20所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一和第二终板的长度比宽度的长宽比在约1.5到5.0的范围内。
22.根据权利要求20所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一和第二终板的长度比宽度的长宽比在约2.0到4.0的范围内。
23.根据权利要求20所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一和第二终板的长度比宽度的长宽比在约2.5到3.5的范围内。
24.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为子弹形。
25.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为菱形。
26.一种用于采用后路途径通过外科手术替换脊椎中多个盘的成套工具,其包括至少四个根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘。
27.根据权利要求26所述的成套工具,进一步包括适用于后路途径的至少一个套管,其被配置为访问待替换的盘,并绕过脊髓以及本地神经根,并且进一步地将尺寸设计为适于穿过所述至少四个根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘中的至少一个。
28.根据权利要求27所述的成套工具,其中,所述至少四个人工椎间盘中的每一个的第一和第二终板具有长度和宽度,并且所述长度大于所述宽度。
29.根据权利要求28所述的成套工具,其中,所述至少四个人工椎间盘中的每一个的第一和第二终板具有的第一和第二终板的长度比宽度的长宽比在约1.5到5.0的范围内。
30.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
第一终板;
第二终板;
位于所述第一和第二终板之间的可压缩核芯构件;和
在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维;
其中,所述终板和所述核芯构件以基本上模仿了自然椎间盘功能特征的方式保持在一起;以及
其中,所述第一终板和所述第二终板中的至少一个包括与所述核芯构件接合的曲线形支承表面。
31.根据权利要求30所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一终板和所述第二终板皆包括曲线形支承表面。
32.根据权利要求30所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述曲线形支承表面包括大致平坦的中间节段和在所述第一终板和所述第二终板中所述至少一个终板的每一相对末端上的隆起侧部。
33.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
第一终板;
第二终板;
位于所述第一和第二终板之间的至少一个可压缩核芯构件;和
在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维;以及
与所述第一和第二终板中每一个相关联的至少一个安装槽,而且
其中,所述终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起。
34.根据权利要求33所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一和第二终板具有边缘,并且所述至少一个安装槽位于所述终板的边缘的至少一个中。
35.根据权利要求34所述的人工椎间盘,其中,在所述上终板中的所述至少一个安装槽平行于所述上终板中的表面。
36.根据权利要求34所述的人工椎间盘,其中,在所述上终板中的所述至少一个安装槽不平行于所述上终板中的表面。
37.根据权利要求34所述的人工椎间盘,其中,在所述下终板中的所述至少一个安装槽平行于所述下终板中的表面。
38.根据权利要求34所述的人工椎间盘,其中,在所述下终板中的所述至少一个安装槽不平行于所述下终板中的表面。
39.根据权利要求33所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为子弹形。
40.根据权利要求33所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为菱形。
41.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
第一终板;
第二终板;
位于所述第一和第二终板之间的至少一个可压缩核芯构件;
在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维;以及
与所述第一和第二终板中每一个相关联的至少一个可滑动安装舌状件,而且
其中,所述终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起。
42.根据权利要求41所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一和第二终板具有边缘,并且所述至少一个可滑动安装舌状件位于所述终板的边缘中的至少一个中。
43.根据权利要求42所述的人工之间盘,其中,在所述上终板中的所述至少一个可滑动安装舌状件平行于所述上终板中的表面。
44.根据权利要求42所述的人工之间盘,其中,所述上终板中的所述至少一个可滑动安装舌状件不平行于所述上终板中的表面。
45.根据权利要求42所述的人工之间盘,其中,所述下终板中的所述至少一个可滑动安装舌状件平行于所述下终板中的表面。
46.根据权利要求42所述的人工之间盘,其中,所述下终板中的所述至少一个可滑动安装舌状件不平行于所述下终板中的表面。
47.根据权利要求41所述的人工之间盘,其中,所述盘为子弹形。
48.根据权利要求41所述的人工之间盘,其中,所述盘为菱形。
49.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
第一终板;
第二终板;
位于所述第一和第二终板之间的包括可填充构件的至少一个核芯构件;和
在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维;而且
其中,所述终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起。
50.根据权利要求49所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述可填充构件包括预定尺寸的可膨胀构件。
51.根据权利要求50所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述可填充构件包括聚合物气囊。
52.根据权利要求51所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述可填充构件包括纤维卷绕的聚合物气囊。
53.根据权利要求49所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述纤维已经被放置成以包含所述可填充构件的形式在所述第一终板和所述第二终板之间延伸。
54.根据权利要求49所述的人工椎间盘,进一步包括在所述可填充构件中可固化的一定量的至少一种可固化聚合物系统。
55.根据权利要求49所述的人工椎间盘,进一步包括一定量的至少一种水凝胶。
56.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
a)第一终板和第二终板;所述第一和第二终板中的至少一个被铰接和配置为朝向另一个终板弯曲,被铰接的终板进一步配置有至少一个基本上纵向的构件,所述基本上纵向的构件被配置为可滑动地承接加强杆并伸直被铰接的终板,
b)至少一个加强杆,其数量对应于所述至少一个基本上纵向的构件的数量,并且被配置为可滑动地接合所述第一或第二终板中的基本上纵向的构件,
c)至少一个可压缩核芯构件,其位于所述第一和第二终板之间;
d)在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维;而且
其中,所述终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起。
57.根据权利要求56所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个基本上纵向的构件包括狭槽。
58.根据权利要求56所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个基本上纵向的构件包括舌状件。
59.根据权利要求56所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一和第二终板中的每一个被铰接。
60.根据权利要求57所述的人工椎间盘,其中,配置为具有至少一个基本上纵向的构件的所述至少一个第一和第二终板中的每一个包含一个狭槽,其中所述基本上纵向的构件配置为承接加强杆。
61.根据权利要求57所述的人工椎间盘,其中,配置为具有至少一个基本上纵向的构件的所述至少一个第一和第二终板中的每一个包含两个狭槽,其中所述基本上纵向的构件配置为承接加强杆。
62.根据权利要求56所述的人工椎间盘,其中,每个狭槽具有选自燕尾、“T”形和圆形构成的组中的横截面形状。
63.根据权利要求56所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为子弹形。
64.根据权利要求56所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为菱形形。
65.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
第一终板;
第二终板;
至少一个核芯构件,其包括承接预定量的颗粒状可压缩材料的容积,所述核芯构件位于所述第一和第二终板之间;
在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维;
其中,所述终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起;以及
所述预定量的颗粒状可压缩材料。
66.根据权利要求65所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述纤维已经被放置成以封装所述颗粒状可压缩材料的形式在所述第一终板和所述第二终板之间延伸。
67.根据权利要求65所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个核芯构件进一步包括聚合物环形构件,其封装所述颗粒状可压缩材料。
68.根据权利要求65所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述颗粒状可压缩材料形成围绕中央聚合物构件的环带。
69.根据权利要求68所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述中央聚合物构件包括至少一种水凝胶。
70.根据权利要求65所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个核芯构件包括所述颗粒状可压缩材料。
71.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
a)第一终板;
b)第二终板;其中所述第一和第二终板被配置具有协同的基本上纵向的开口,以在所述第一和第二终板已经被引入到椎间空间之后,轴向地承接大致圆柱形的可压缩核芯构件,
c)在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维;而且
其中,所述终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起。
72.根据权利要求71所述的人工椎间盘,进一步包括所述圆柱形可压缩核芯构件。
73.根据权利要求72所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述可压缩核芯构件位于所述第一和第二终板之间。
74.根据权利要求71所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一和第二终板被配置具有协同开口,这些开口具有与圆柱形可压缩核芯构件上的螺纹相符的内螺纹。
75.根据权利要求74所述的人工椎间盘,进一步包括所述带螺纹的圆柱形可压缩核芯构件。
76.根据权利要求71所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述第一和第二终板被配置具有协同开口,其具有与圆柱形可压缩核芯构件上的圆周槽相符的内圆周脊。
77.根据权利要求76所述的人工椎间盘,进一步包括所述开有槽的圆柱形可压缩核芯构件。
78.根据权利要求71所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为子弹形。
79.根据权利要求71所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为菱形。
80.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
终板子组件,所述终板子组件包括:
a)第一终板;
b)第二终板;
c)在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维,其形成用于在放置于椎间空间之后承接至少一个可压缩核芯构件的区域;而且
其中,所述终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起。
81.根据权利要求80所述的人工椎间盘,进一步包括所述至少一个可压缩核芯构件。
82.根据权利要求81所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个可压缩核芯构件包括球形核芯部件。
83.根据权利要求81所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个可压缩核芯构件包括多于一个的球形核芯部件。
84.根据权利要求81所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为子弹形。
85.根据权利要求81所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为菱形。
86.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
a)第一外终板,
b)第二外终板,
c)内终板子组件,所述内终板子组件包括:
i)第一内终板;
ii)第二内终板;
iii)在所述第一和第二内终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二内终板接合的至少一个纤维,其形成用于在放置于椎间空间之后承接至少一个可压缩核芯构件的区域;以及
iv)所述至少一个可压缩核芯构件
其中,所述第一和第二内终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起,并且所述第一和第二内终板被配置为在所述第一和第二外终板被植入后配合地接合所述第一外终板和所述第二外终板。
87.根据权利要求86所述的人工椎间盘,进一步包括所述第一外终板和所述第二外终板中每一个内的斜坡。
88.根据权利要求86所述的人工椎间盘,其中所述盘为子弹形。
89.根据权利要求86所述的人工椎间盘,其中所述盘为菱形。
90.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
第一终板,其具有轴线和凹部,所述第一终板中的凹部被配置为与第二终板中的凹部协作以在所述第一终板处于相对于第二终板的第一位置时,至少部分地容装可压缩核芯构件;
所述第二终板,其具有所述轴线和凹部,所述第二终板中的凹部被配置为与所述第一终板中的凹部协作,以在所述第一终板处于相对于第二终板的第一位置时容装所述可压缩核芯构件;
位于所述第一和第二终板之间的所述可压缩核芯构件;
其中,所述第一和第二终板被进一步配置为,当所述第一终板处于相对于所述第二终板的第一位置时,所述可压缩核芯构件被容装在所述凹部中时,提供低轮廓,并且在所述第一终板沿着所述第二终板的轴线运动直至所述第一终板处于相对于所述第二终板的第二位置时,提供较高轮廓。
91.根据权利要求90所述的人造椎间盘,进一步包括在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维,并且所述终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起。
92.根据权利要求90所述的人造椎间盘,其中,所述可压缩核芯构件基本上为圆柱形。
93.根据权利要求90所述的人造椎间盘,其中,所述盘为子弹形。
94.根据权利要求90所述的人造椎间盘,其中,所述盘为菱形。
95.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
具有斜坡的第一终板,该斜坡被配置为用于承接可插入的可压缩核芯,并且用于在所述第一终板和第二终板已经被植入在相邻椎体之间后,将所述可插入的可压缩核芯定位在所述第一终板和所述第二终板之间;
具有斜坡的所述第二终板,该斜坡被配置为用于承接所述可插入的可压缩核芯,并且用于在所述第一终板和第二终板已经被植入相邻椎体之间之后,将所述可插入的可压缩核芯定位在所述第一终板和所述第二终板之间;
在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维;而且
其中所述终板被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起。
96.根据权利要求95所述的人工椎间盘,进一步包括所述可插入的可压缩核芯。
97.根据权利要求96所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述可插入的可压缩核芯被定位在所述第一和第二终板之间。
98.根据权利要求95所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为子弹形。
99.根据权利要求95所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为菱形。
100.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
第一终板,其具有至少部分穿过其中的螺纹开口,该螺纹开口被配置为承接与可压缩核芯构件相关联的螺纹构件;
第二终板,其具有至少部分穿过其中的螺纹开口,该螺纹开口被配置为承接与所述可压缩核芯构件相关联的螺纹构件;
可压缩核芯构件,其带有位于所述核芯构件的相对端部处的上和下螺纹区域,所述上和下螺纹区域能够与每个终板中的螺纹开口螺纹配合,并且被定位在所述第一和第二终板之间;
至少一个纤维,其在所述上和下螺纹区域之间延伸并与所述上和下螺纹区域接合;以及
其中,所述螺纹区域和螺纹开口被配置为,当所述可压缩核芯构件转动时,使所述第一和第二终板分离。
101.根据权利要求100所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述核芯构件基本上为圆柱形,并且所述螺纹区域具有与所述核芯构件基本上相同的直径。
102.根据权利要求100所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述核芯构件基本上为圆柱形,并且所述螺纹区域的直径小于所述核芯构件的直径。
103.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为子弹形。
104.根据权利要求1所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为菱形。
105.一种人工椎间盘,包括:
第一终板;
第二终板;
至少一个可压缩核芯构件,其被配置为,在所述第一和第二终板已经被植入相邻的椎体之间之后,它可以被引入于第一低轮廓中,并被定位在所述第一和第二终板之间,以及可以被转动到第二较高轮廓且同时处于所述第一和第二终板之间;
在所述第一和第二终板之间延伸并与所述第一和第二终板接合的至少一个纤维;以及
其中,所述终板和所述核芯构件被所述至少一个纤维保持在一起。
106.根据权利要求105所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个可压缩核芯构件基本上为圆柱形。
107.根据权利要求105所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述至少一个圆柱形可压缩核芯构件包括已经被倒圆或倒角的边缘。
108.根据权利要求105所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为子弹形。
109.根据权利要求105所述的人工椎间盘,其中,所述盘为菱形。
110.一种用于采用后路途径在外科手术中替换脊椎中的盘的成套工具,包括选自由权利要求33-109所述的盘构成的组中的正好两个人工椎间盘。
111.根据权利要求110所述的成套工具,进一步包括适用于后路途径的至少一个套管,其被配置为访问待替换的盘,并绕过脊髓和本地神经根,并且进一步地将尺寸设计为适于穿过所述两个人工椎间盘中的至少一个。
112.根据权利要求110所述的成套工具,其中,所述人工椎间盘中每一个的所述第一和第二终板具有长度和宽度,并且所述长度大于所述宽度。
113.根据权利要求112所述的成套工具,其中,所述人工椎间盘的第一和第二终板具有的所述第一和第二终板的长度比宽度的长宽比在约1.5到5.0的范围内。
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PCT/US2007/009694 WO2007124078A2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-04-19 | Prosthetic intervertebral discs implantable by minimally invasive surgical techniques |
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- 2007-04-19 CA CA002649719A patent/CA2649719A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-04-19 CN CN200780022595A patent/CN101686860A/zh active Pending
- 2007-04-19 JP JP2009506606A patent/JP2009534105A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-04-19 BR BRPI0710547-9A patent/BRPI0710547A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2007-04-19 WO PCT/US2007/009694 patent/WO2007124078A2/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0710547A2 (pt) | 2011-08-16 |
US20070270952A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
WO2007124078A3 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
AU2007240728A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
EP2037843A2 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
JP2009534105A (ja) | 2009-09-24 |
WO2007124078A2 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
CA2649719A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
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