CN101672642A - Optical precision tracking detector based on double-pyramid rectangular pyramid - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model provides an optics precision tracking detector based on two pyramid pyramids, includes imaging lens, the pyramid that the center trompil, dynamic range matched lens, precision matched lens, facula magnifying lens, dynamic range light intensity detector, precision pyramid and precision light intensity detector, its characterized in that: the pyramid, the dynamic range matching lens and the dynamic range light intensity detector with a central hole are added to the hardware of the traditional optical precision tracking detector based on the pyramid, so that the dynamic range of the detection of the wave front inclination direction is enlarged, and the software calculates the mass center of the light beam by using a nested four-quadrant light spot mass center algorithm so as to restore the inclination direction or the inclination angle of the target wave front. The light intensity detector of the invention has the advantages of flexible selection, high detection precision, large dynamic range of the inclination direction of the detected wavefront, simple algorithm for restoring the wavefront inclination, and easy realization of the process, and provides conditions for detecting the weak illumination wavefront inclination with large dynamic range, high precision and high frame frequency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical precision tracking detector, particularly a kind ofly can be applied in the optical precision tracking detector that has great dynamic range and high precision characteristics in the optical communication of star ground based on pyramidal rectangular pyramids based on pyramidal rectangular pyramids.
Background technology
Star-ground optical communication is meant and utilizes laser beam to be carrier, sets up the optical communication link between satellite and ground.Compare with the microwave communication of generally adopting at present, star-ground optical communication has that message capacity is big, system dimension and weight is little, strong security, electromagnetic interference (EMI) is few and advantage such as bandwidth.Therefore, many countries have all dropped into the research that huge financial resources, man power and material are carried out star-ground optical communication.Wherein Japan utilizes the ETS-VI system successfully to finish laser communication test between star-ground July nineteen ninety-five first, has proved the feasibility of laser communication between star-ground.Star-flash of light preceding an earthquake communication demonstration machine OCD (the Optical Communications Demonstrator) data transmission rate of the jet power laboratory JPL of the U.S. (Jet Propulsion Lab) development can reach 250Mbps, U.S. BMDO estimates that in the common STRV2 star of subsidizing in space and missile defence headquarter-ground laser communication plan setting up distance between low-orbit satellite and fixed charge method earth station is 2000km, and data transmission rate is the optical communication link of 1Gbps.The GEO satellite AREMIS of the ESA of the European Space Agency development in Europe is in emission in 2000, and an optical link wherein can be realized satellite and communicating by letter between between the land station on Canary island.
(Pointing) technology is to need one of core technology that breaks through in star-ground optical communication to ATP for Acquisition, Tracking, and the ATP system is made up of optical precision tracking detector, control module and driver element.System is when work, optical precision tracking detector can be in real time provides tilt quantity before the object wave for control module, the tilt quantity of control module before according to object wave calculates needs and is loaded into voltage on the driver element, driver element rotates certain angle and direction under the effect of voltage, the measured target during thereby the optical axis that makes system can be aimed in real time and move is (referring to " optical laying and automatic tracking system design ", Xia Jiangtao, electric light and control, the 16th 5 phases of volume, the 74th page-77 pages, in May, 2009).
In the ATP system of star-ground optical communication, because light transmission need be passed through this accidental channel of atmosphere, be subjected to the atmospheric turbulence low order to differ influence with satellite motion, the hot spot of arrival system on a large scale randomized jitter (referring to " bias light and atmospheric turbulence receive the influence that hot spot produces to vacant lot laser communication ", Li Xiaofeng, Hu Yu, wireless light communication, the 22nd page-24 pages, 2004 10 phases), simultaneously, in star-ground optical communication, be subjected to the influence of spacecraft load-carrying, the emissive power of laser signal is limited on the satellite, after the propagation in atmosphere through growing distance, atmosphere is understood scattering and is sponged most of luminous energy (referring to " conceptual design of Air-Ground optical communication system and gordian technique are decomposed and channel simulator ", Liu Shuhua, University of Electronic Science and Technology's master thesis, 2002), in order to guarantee the unimpeded of star-ground optical communication link, lean forward unit one optical precision tracking detector that provides of gradient of object wave must have great dynamic range in the ATP system, high detection accuracy, characteristics such as high sensitivity and high frame frequency.
Optical precision tracking detector generally is made up of imaging len, electrooptical device and wavetilt processor.Be incident upon after imaging len compiles from the light signal of target on the photosurface of electrooptical device and form the target hot spot, when object wave leans forward the gradient change, the target hot spot moves on the photosurface of electrooptical device, light energy distribution changes on the photosurface, at this moment, the wavetilt processor can calculate the centroid position of target hot spot according to the photosignal of electrooptical device output, thereby calculates the tilt quantity before the object wave.At present CCD cameras, CMOS camera or the 4 quadrant detectors of adopting of electrooptical device more, wherein CCD camera low read frame frequency drawbacks limit its application in high frame frequency is surveyed; Drawbacks limit such as the big noise of CMOS camera and low lightsensitivity its application in weak light detection; And the 4 quadrant detector photosurface only has four quadrants, be subjected to the influence in dead band, can't realize simultaneously that great dynamic range and high-precision detection are (referring to " performance of Photon Counting photomultiplier four-quadrant type and low light level image intensifying CCD tracker relatively ", Rao Changhui, Zhang Xuejun, Jiang Wenhan, Tang Guomao, optics journal, the 22nd 1 phase of volume, the 67th page-73 pages, 2002 1 phases).
For requirements such as the great dynamic range that guarantees the optical precision tracking detector system of ATP system in star-ground optical communication, high detection accuracy, high sensitivity and high frame frequencies, at present schemes that adopt based on the optical precision tracking detector of 4 quadrant detector more.Yet when the ecological deterioration of system works, in order to guarantee the unimpeded of star ground optical communication, the optical precision tracking detector in the ATP system must adopt the electrooptical device of photon counting level, and integrated 4 quadrant detector is difficult to reach this requirement at present.And what adopt based on the optical precision tracking detector of pyramidal rectangular pyramids is four independently light intensity detectors, has light intensity detector to select advantage flexibly, so be that of optical precision tracking detector of photon magnitude well selects.Traditional optical precision tracking detector based on pyramidal rectangular pyramids by imaging len, pyramidal rectangular pyramids and four independently light intensity detector form.Thereby the outside surface of pyramidal rectangular pyramids plating reflectance coating forms four reflectings surface, common pyramidal summit all is placed in the focus place of imaging len, the optical axis coincidence of its central shaft and imaging len can be cut apart by four ribs of pyramidal rectangular pyramids through the hot spot that forms behind the imaging len before the object wave and reflect in the light intensity detector that enters correspondence therewith.When facula position changes, the light intensity of folded light beam also changes thereupon on the four direction, at this moment can with four independently light intensity detector regard four quadrants of 4 quadrant detector as, utilize centroid algorithm to calculate the position of facula mass center, because there is fixing geometric relationship the position of facula mass center with the preceding angle of inclination on both direction of object wave, so can go out the angle of inclination on both direction before the object wave from facula mass center position inverse.But traditional optical precision tracking detector based on pyramidal rectangular pyramids is subjected to the restriction of pyramidal rectangular pyramids processing technology, the spot diameter that shines on the pyramidal rectangular pyramids must could guarantee enough detection accuracies greatly, and the target surface area of light intensity detector is certain, spot diameter is big more, the dynamic range of detector is more little, so there is the problem that can't take into account dynamic range and detection accuracy in traditional optical precision tracking detector based on pyramidal rectangular pyramids.
In the optical communication of star ground, be: when the object wave top rake is big, point out the direction of its inclination, and before object wave, good detection accuracy is arranged during near plane wave to the requirement of optical precision tracking detector.Light intensity before object wave has in limited time, if set up the angle of inclination before two covers independently are respectively applied for the vergence direction before the great dynamic range ground detection object wave and detect object wave accurately based on the optical precision tracking detector of pyramidal rectangular pyramids, can reduce the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of wave front detector and the complexity of increase algorithm, so how two covers independently are incorporated into together based on the optical precision tracking detector of pyramidal rectangular pyramids, only import the single channel light signal, just can realize great dynamic range and detect the angle of inclination of low light level wavefront accurately, reduce the complicacy of wavetilt algorithm when improving the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of optical precision tracking detector, be great dynamic range, high frame frequency, low light shines, the tracking target light beam provides the core solution accurately, has just become a very important research project.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and can be applied in the optical precision tracking detector that has great dynamic range and high precision characteristics in the optical communication of star ground.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of optical precision tracking detector based on double pyramidal rectangular pyramids, it is characterized in that this optical precision tracking detector is by imaging len, the dynamic range light intensity detector, the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling, the precision light intensity detector, the precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids, the optical precision tracking detector processor, the Accuracy Matching lens, hot spot amplifying lens and dynamic range matched lenses are formed, wherein, the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling is positioned at the out of focus position of imaging len, imaging len converts converging beam to before with object wave, when the object wave top rake, the optical axis of imaging len can be departed from the center of converging beam, if the pitch angle before the object wave is less, converging beam is only swung in the center pit scope of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling, this moment, converging beam can unhinderedly pass through center pit, amplifying hot spot that the back forms through the hot spot amplifying lens is cut apart by the precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids and reflect the light intensity that is afterwards entered each light beam of detection in the precision light intensity detector by the Accuracy Matching Lens Coupling, if to such an extent as to the big converging beam swing in the pitch angle before the object wave has surpassed the center pit scope of pyramidal rectangular pyramids, by dynamic range matched lenses be coupled into light intensity that dynamic range light intensity detector survey each light beam after converging beam can be cut apart by the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling and reflect this moment, thereby last optical precision tracking detector processor utilizes vergence direction or angle of inclination before the barycenter of nested four-quadrant facula mass center algorithm computation light beam restores object wave.
The central shaft of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of described center drilling and the optical axis coincidence of imaging len, the top of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling is positioned on the focal plane of imaging len, or is positioned on the out of focus face of imaging len.When the top is placed on the out of focus face, can increase the diameter of being cut apart light beam by the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling, reduce because the optical energy loss that bring in the dead band that the prism processing technology forms.
The last plane of the center pit of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of described center drilling and the lower plane of center pit all are squares, the length of side of the last plane open squares of center pit is less than the length of side of the lower plane open squares of center pit, so just can avoid the center pit inside surface to by the blocking of center pit light beam, the outside surface of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling be coated with reflectance coating and and the lower surface of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling between angle be 45 °
The summit of described precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids places the picture plane place of hot spot amplifying lens with respect to the focal plane, the central shaft of precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids and the optical axis coincidence of imaging len.
Described hot spot amplifying lens is the convergent point by the center pit light beam to be amplified and be imaged on to be placed on the precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids of hot spot amplifying lens as the place, plane, and the hot spot after the amplification has reduced the optical energy loss that bring in dead band that the prism processing technology forms effectively.
The computing formula of described nested four-quadrant facula mass center algorithm is:
Wherein: I
1～I
4Be when four dynamic range light intensity detectors are represented quadrant of 4 quadrant detector respectively, the output signal of the dynamic range light intensity detector of the 1st～4 quadrant, i
1～i
4Be when four precision light intensity detectors are represented quadrant of 4 quadrant detector respectively, the output signal of the precision light intensity detector of the 1st～4 quadrant, (x
c, y
c) be the facula mass center coordinate that calculates, object wave preceding angle of inclination or vergence direction α in the x direction
xWith angle of inclination or the vergence direction α on the y direction
yComputing formula be respectively:
Wherein f is the focal length of imaging len, works as x
cDuring ∈ (1 ,+1), α
xX is worked as at angle of inclination before the expression object wave on the x direction of principal axis
c=± 1 o'clock, α
xPositive and negative positive and negative corresponding to the vergence direction on the x axle before the object wave; In like manner, work as y
cDuring ∈ (1 ,+1), α
yThe expression object wave before angle of inclination on the y direction of principal axis, work as y
c=± 1 o'clock, α
yPositive and negative positive and negative corresponding to the vergence direction on the y direction of principal axis before the object wave.
Principle of the present invention is: the wavefront of inclination is after seeing through imaging len, the optical axis of imaging len can be departed from the center of its imaging beam, the angle of wavetilt is big more, the center of imaging beam is just big more with respect to the displacement of the optical axis of imaging len, so can be at traditional pyramidal rectangular pyramids that adds center drilling in based on the optical precision tracking detector of pyramidal rectangular pyramids, dynamic range matched lenses and dynamic range light intensity detector, the central shaft of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling and the optical axis coincidence of imaging len, the top is placed on the out of focus face, when the inclination that is detected the corrugated is big, be detected the corrugated and can be cut apart by the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling and reflect by the light beam that imaging len forms, each folded light beam is coupled in the corresponding dynamic range light intensity detector through the dynamic range matched lenses and detects light intensity; When the inclination that is detected the corrugated hour, can unhinderedly pass through the center pit of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling before the object wave by the light beam that forms behind the imaging len, enter in the precision light intensity detector after the hot spot that forms after the hot spot amplifying lens amplifies is cut apart by the precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids and detect light intensity, utilize light intensity data and nested four-quadrant facula mass center algorithm just can calculate the barycenter of the light beam that is reflected at last, thereby inverse go out angle of inclination or vergence direction before the object wave.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage: traditional optical precision tracking detector based on pyramidal rectangular pyramids is subjected to the restriction of pyramidal rectangular pyramids processing technology and the influence of light intensity detector target surface area, can't take into account detection accuracy simultaneously and survey dynamic range; And when adopting two covers, need the input two ways of optical signals independently based on the optical precision tracking detector of pyramidal rectangular pyramids, reduced the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that the object wave top rake detects, increased and tilted to follow the tracks of to survey computation complexity.The present invention proposes the pyramidal rectangular pyramids that adds center drilling in based on the optical precision tracking detector of pyramidal rectangular pyramids traditional, dynamic range matched lenses and dynamic range light intensity detector are to increase the dynamic range of traditional optical precision tracking detector probing wave top rake direction based on pyramidal rectangular pyramids, only import the single channel light signal, pitch angle before just realizing great dynamic range and detecting object wave accurately, thereby propose to adopt the barycenter of nested four-quadrant facula mass center algorithm computation light beam to restore the preceding angle of inclination of object wave simultaneously, raising reduces the complicacy of wavetilt algorithm based on the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the optical precision tracking detector of pyramidal rectangular pyramids the time, is great dynamic range, high frame frequency, low light shines, the tracking target light beam provides the core solution accurately.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the pyramidal rectangular pyramids synoptic diagram of center drilling of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the locus and the light path synoptic diagram of pyramidal rectangular pyramids, dynamic range matched lenses and the dynamic range light intensity detector of center drilling of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids of the present invention, Accuracy Matching lens and precision light intensity detector locus and light path synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that two nested 4 quadrant detectors are simulated eight independently output signal synoptic diagram of light intensity detector in the algorithm of the present invention;
Fig. 6 works as the detecting error curve map of the angle of inclination wavetilt than hour wave tilt detector;
Fig. 7 can detect the preceding allowable angle of inclination O of object wave for when the length of side α of dynamic range light intensity detector photosurface=10mm
MaxGraph of relation with the focal distance f of the reduction magnification β of dynamic range matched lenses, imaging len.
Among the figure: 1: imaging len, 2: the dynamic range light intensity detector, 3: the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling, 4: the precision light intensity detector, 5: the precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids, 6: optical precision tracking detector processor, 7: Accuracy Matching lens, 8: the hot spot amplifying lens, 9: the dynamic range matched lenses, 10: before the object wave, 11: the optical axis of imaging len, 12: imaging beam, 13: the last plane of center pit, 14: the lower plane of center pit, 15: the outside surface of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling, 16: the lower surface of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes: imaging len 1, dynamic range light intensity detector 2, the pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3 of center drilling, precision light intensity detector 4, precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids 5, optical precision tracking detector processor 6, Accuracy Matching lens 7, hot spot amplifying lens 8, dynamic range matched lenses 9.
When before the object wave 10 seeing through imaging len 1 after, its imaging beam 12 can depart from the optical axis 12 of imaging len.The present invention utilizes the characteristic of preceding 10 relations of imaging beam 12 and object wave just, place the pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3 of a center drilling at the out of focus face place of imaging len 1, the central shaft of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3 of center drilling overlaps with the optical axis 12 of imaging len, and the last plane 14 of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling is placed on the out of focus face place of imaging len 1.If the pitch angle of object wave preceding 10 is less, converging beam 13 is only swung in the center pit scope of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3 of center drilling, therefore converging beam 13 can unhinderedly pass through center pit, amplifying hot spot that the back forms through hot spot amplifying lens 8 is cut apart by precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids 5 and reflect the light intensity that afterwards is coupled into each light beam of detection in the precision light intensity detector 4 by Accuracy Matching lens 7, if to such an extent as to big converging beam 13 swings in the pitch angle of object wave preceding 10 have surpassed the center pit scope of pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3, at this moment, converging beam 13 can be cut apart and reflect the back and be coupled into the light intensity that dynamic range light intensity detector 2 is surveyed each light beam by dynamic range matched lenses 9 by the pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3 of center drilling, thereby last optical precision tracking detector processor 6 utilizes the barycenter of nested four-quadrant facula mass center algorithm computation light beam to restore the vergence direction or the angle of inclination of object wave preceding 10.
As shown in Figure 2, the last plane 13 of the center pit of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3 of center drilling and the lower plane 14 of center pit all are squares, the last plane 13 foursquare length of sides of center pit so just can avoid the center pit inside surface to blocking by the center pit light beam less than the lower plane 14 foursquare length of sides of center pit.The outside surface 15 of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling be coated with reflectance coating and and the lower surface 16 of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling between angle be 45 °.
Hot spot amplifying lens 8 will be by center drilling the light beam convergent point of center pit of pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3 amplify and be imaged on the precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids 7 that is placed on place, hot spot amplifying lens 8 picture planes, the hot spot after the amplification can reduce the optical energy loss that bring in dead band that the prism processing technology forms effectively.
As shown in Figure 3, four dynamic range matched lensess 9 and four dynamic range light intensity detectors 2 correspond respectively to four reflectings surface of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3 of center drilling, four dynamic range light intensity detectors 2 are surveyed the light intensity that the obtains light intensity corresponding to pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3 each face beam reflected of center drilling, so the pyramidal rectangular pyramids 3 of center drilling, four dynamic range coupling mirrors 9 and four dynamic range light intensity detectors 2 can be regarded as a 4 quadrant detector.In like manner, as shown in Figure 4, four Accuracy Matching lens 7 and four precision light intensity detectors 4 correspond respectively to four reflectings surface of precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids 5, four precision light intensity detectors 4 are surveyed the light intensity that the obtains light intensity corresponding to precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids 5 each face beam reflected, so precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids 5, Accuracy Matching mirror 7 and precision light intensity detector 4 can also be regarded a 4 quadrant detector as.Two 4 quadrant detectors are formed nested 4 quadrant detector, as shown in Figure 5.
Because the light path parameter of this optical precision tracking detector is identical in the x and y direction, so present embodiment is only discussed the situation of wavetilt on the x direction, the situation of y direction is similar in this.
The centroid calculation formula of imaging beam 12 on the x direction is:
Wherein: I
1～I
4Be when 4 dynamic range light intensity detectors (2) are represented quadrant of 4 quadrant detector respectively, the output signal of the dynamic range light intensity detector (2) of the 1st～4 quadrant, i
1～i
4Be when 4 precision light intensity detectors (2) are represented quadrant of 4 quadrant detector respectively, the output signal of the precision light intensity detector (2) of the 1st～4 quadrant, (x
c, y
c) be the facula mass center coordinate that calculates,
10 angle of inclination or vergence direction α before the object wave on the x direction of principal axis
xComputing formula be:
Wherein: f is the focal length of imaging len.
When 10 angles of inclination before the object wave were big, imaging beam 12 was concentrated in positive axis or negative semiaxis, the then x of x axle
c=± 1, thus this moment α
xValue can only point out the vergence direction of object wave preceding 10; And the angle that tilts when object wave preceding 10 hour, and imaging beam 12 can be across the positive axis and the negative semiaxis of x axle, the pitch angle that can draw the object wave that has detecting error preceding 10 this moment, the detecting error E of preceding 10 inclinations of object wave
θComputing formula be:
Wherein, SNR
vThe signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of expression system, when only there is photon noise in system,
D is the clear aperture of imaging len 1; λ is the mean wavelength that enters system's light wave.
The computing formula that can detect the allowable angle of inclination of object wave preceding 10 is:
Wherein: a is the length of side of single dynamic range light intensity detector 2 photosurfaces; β is the reduction magnification of dynamic range matched lenses 9; F is the focal length of imaging len 1.
Fig. 6 be the angle that tilts when object wave preceding 10 than hour; The detecting error curve of this wave tilt detector; Fig. 7 is when the length of side a=10mm of dynamic range light intensity detector 2 photosurfaces, can detect the allowable angle of inclination O of object wave preceding 10
MaxGraph of relation with the focal distance f of the reduction magnification β of dynamic range matched lenses 9, imaging len 1.Obviously, the vergence direction that can under the prerequisite that guarantees detection accuracy, realize great dynamic range ground detection of a target wavefront 10 really of this wave tilt detector.
From present embodiment as can be seen, this wave tilt detector can realize before detected with high accuracy is near the object wave of plane wave 10 angle of inclination really under the vergence direction condition of great dynamic range ground detection of a target wavefront 10.
The content that the present invention does not elaborate is those skilled in the art's common practise.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of optical precision tracking detector based on double pyramidal rectangular pyramids, it is characterized in that this optical precision tracking detector is by imaging len (1), dynamic range light intensity detector (2), the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling (3), precision light intensity detector (4), precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids (5), optical precision tracking detector processor (6), Accuracy Matching lens (7), hot spot amplifying lens (8) and dynamic range matched lenses (9) are formed, wherein, the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling (3) is positioned at the out of focus position of imaging len (1), imaging len (1) converts converging beam (13) to (10) before the object wave, when (10) before the object wave tilt, the optical axis (11) of imaging len can be departed from the center of converging beam (13), if the pitch angle of (10) is less before the object wave, only swing in the center pit scope of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids (3) of center drilling of converging beam (13), converging beam this moment (13) can unhinderedly pass through center pit, amplifying hot spot that the back forms through hot spot amplifying lens (8) is cut apart by precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids (5) and reflect the light intensity that afterwards is coupled into each light beam of detection in the precision light intensity detector (4) by Accuracy Matching lens (7), if before the object wave (10) to such an extent as to big converging beam (13) swing in pitch angle surpassed the center pit scope of pyramidal rectangular pyramids (3), converging beam this moment (13) is cut apart by the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling (3) and reflect the back and is coupled into the light intensity that dynamic range light intensity detector (2) is surveyed each light beam by dynamic range matched lenses (9), at last optical precision tracking detector processor (6) thus utilize the barycenter of nested four-quadrant facula mass center algorithm computation light beam to restore the vergence direction or the angle of inclination of (10) before the object wave.
2, a kind of optical precision tracking detector according to claim 1 based on double pyramidal rectangular pyramids, it is characterized in that: the central shaft of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of described center drilling (3) overlaps with the optical axis (11) of imaging len, and the top of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling (3) is positioned on the focal plane of imaging len (1) or on the out of focus face of imaging len (1).When the top is placed on the out of focus face, can increase the diameter of being cut apart light beam by the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling (3), reduce because the optical energy loss that bring in the dead band that the prism processing technology forms.
3, a kind of optical precision tracking detector according to claim 1 and 2 based on double pyramidal rectangular pyramids, it is characterized in that: the last plane (13) of the center pit of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of described center drilling (3) and the lower plane (14) of center pit all are squares, the length of side of last plane (13) open squares of center pit is less than the length of side of lower plane (14) open squares of center pit, so just can avoid the center pit inside surface to by the blocking of center pit light beam, the outside surface of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling (15) be coated with reflectance coating and and the lower surface (16) of the pyramidal rectangular pyramids of center drilling between angle be 45 °.
4, a kind of optical precision tracking detector according to claim 1 based on double pyramidal rectangular pyramids, it is characterized in that: the summit of described precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids (5) places the picture plane place of hot spot amplifying lens (8) with respect to the focal plane, and the central shaft of precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids (5) overlaps with the optical axis (11) of imaging len.
5, a kind of optical precision tracking detector according to claim 1 based on double pyramidal rectangular pyramids, it is characterized in that: described hot spot amplifying lens (8) is the convergent point by the center pit light beam to be amplified and be imaged on to be placed on the precision pyramidal rectangular pyramids (7) of hot spot amplifying lens (8) as the place, plane, and the hot spot after the amplification has reduced effectively because the optical energy loss that bring in the dead band that the prism processing technology forms.
6, a kind of optical precision tracking detector according to claim 1 based on double pyramidal rectangular pyramids, it is characterized in that: the computing formula of described nested four-quadrant facula mass center algorithm is:
Wherein: I
1～I
4Be when 4 dynamic range light intensity detectors (2) are represented quadrant of 4 quadrant detector respectively, the output signal of the dynamic range light intensity detector (2) of the 1st～4 quadrant, i
1～i
4Be when 4 precision light intensity detectors (2) are represented quadrant of 4 quadrant detector respectively, the output signal of the precision light intensity detector (2) of the 1st～4 quadrant, (x
c, y
c) be the facula mass center coordinate that calculates, (10) are at the angle of inclination or the vergence direction α of x direction before the object wave
xWith angle of inclination or the vergence direction α on the y direction
yComputing formula be respectively:
Wherein f is the focal length of imaging len (1), works as x
cDuring ∈ (1 ,+1), α
xX is worked as at (10) angle of inclination on the x direction of principal axis before the expression object wave
c=± 1 o'clock, α
xPositive and negative positive and negative corresponding to (10) vergence direction on the x axle before the object wave; In like manner, work as y
cDuring ∈ (1 ,+1), α
yThe expression object wave before (10) angle of inclination on the y direction of principal axis, work as y
c=± 1 o'clock, α
yPositive and negative positive and negative corresponding to (10) vergence direction on the y direction of principal axis before the object wave.
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