Background technology
The 2-bromo-ethyl-methyl ether is the important intermediate of medication chemistry, like the midbody as the anticarcinogen Tarceva.Its compound method mainly contains following several kinds:
Direct and the phosphorus tribromide prepared in reaction of A:2-methyl cellosolve, synthetic route is following:
CH
3OCH
2CH
2OH+PBr
3→CH
3OCH
2CH
2Br,
This method is the most frequently used method, and is simple and direct; But yield low (usually less than 50%) is difficult to obtain finished product, and cost is high.
B: carry out the substitution reaction preparation by 2-chloroethyl methyl ether and bromizating agent, synthetic route is following:
Problems such as also there is the aftertreatment difficulty in this method, and yield is low.
C: methyl alcohol, bromine and activatory iron tetracarbonyl ethene complex compound prepared in reaction, synthetic route is following:
CH
3OH+(CH
2=CH)-Fe(CO)
4+Br
2→CH
3OCH
2CH
2Br,
This method rests on theoretical research stage at present, is inappropriate for industrial production.
D: with tricresyl phosphite (2-methoxyl group-1-ethyl-) ester is that raw material carries out the bromination reaction preparation, and synthetic route is following:
This method feedstock production difficulty is inappropriate for industrial production.
Above-mentioned each method or yield are low, or the feedstock production difficulty, all not too are applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the defective that above-mentioned prior art exists, and a kind of novel method of the 2-of preparation bromo-ethyl-methyl ether is provided, and to improve the content and the yield of product, reduces and pollutes, and is fit to suitability for industrialized production.
For this reason; The present invention adopts following technical scheme: the preparation method of 2-bromo-ethyl-methyl ether; With the 2-methyl cellosolve is raw material; At first in the presence of solvent, obtain metaboric acid three-(2-methoxyl group-1-yl)-ethyl ester, the midbody metaboric acid three that obtains-(2-methoxyl group-1-yl)-ethyl ester is handled obtaining title product 2-bromo-ethyl-methyl ether then with hydrogen bromide with the metaboric acid anhydride reactant.
The metaboric acid acid anhydride is the raw material on-site prepn by boric acid, and reaction formula is:
Be reflected under 70-130 ℃ and carry out, usually with boiling spread at 70-130 ℃ and exist refluxed to react with the immiscible solvent of water, aromatic hydrocarbons or esters solvents such as ETHYLE ACETATE, butylacetate such as solvent commonly used such as benzene,toluene,xylene; The mode that is adopted is an azeotropic band water, and the general reaction times is 1.5-4.5 hour, till water is no longer taken out of; Used quantity of solvent is generally 3-6 times of boric acid, does not have special restriction.
The metaboric acid acid anhydride that obtains is usually without separation; Directly in solvent, carry out next step reaction, finish the back like band water and add 2-methyl cellosolve, band water to the reaction solution that continues to reflux is transparent; No longer till the water outlet, just can obtain corresponding metaboric acid three-(2-methoxyl group-1-yl)-ethyl ester; Synthetic route is following:
Also can adopt boric acid, 2-methyl cellosolve and solvent the reflux mode of band water of back that feeds intake is together reacted.
Described 2-methyl cellosolve charging capacity is 1 to 1.5 times (mole) of boric acid, with 1.1-1.2 doubly better, carries out next step reaction after can after reaction finishes, steaming solvent and excessive 2-methyl cellosolve, also can directly carry out next step reaction.The activity of midbody metaboric acid three-(2-methoxyl group-1-yl)-ethyl ester is very high, is easy to take place reactions such as hydrolysis and nucleophilic substitution, and the present invention has utilized the high characteristics of its reactive behavior to accomplish novel process.
The mol ratio of hydrogen bromide and boric acid is 1.0-1.5: 1 is better, and with 1.1-1.2: 1 is best.Hydrogen bromide can use pure bromize hydrogen gas to feed; Also can use the solution of hydrogen bromide in inert solvent; All right on-the-spot in-situ preparing adds Sodium Bromide or other method etc. as adopting sulfuric acid.The decomposition reaction of midbody metaboric acid ester is following:
It is that methylene dichloride, chloroform or toluene, benzene etc. are to sour inert solvent that hydrogen bromide decomposes the used solvent of midbody metaboric acid ester reaction.Described temperature of reaction is-5 ℃ to 40 ℃, with 15-30 ℃ better; Temperature is high to be prone to produce side reaction, and temperature crosses that low that speed of response is slowed down is also not too favourable.
Decompose in the midbody metaboric acid ester process at hydrogen bromide; Usually boric acid derivatives can constantly be separated out as by product; Its solubleness in organic solvent is low; Therefore can add less water earlier after reaction finishes boric acid derivatives is converted into boric acid, the boric acid of filtered and recycled can be applied mechanically after with the solvent rinsing, promptly reduces pollution and reducing cost again; Filtrating directly adds washing, layering, wash neutrality with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution again after, layering, rectifying just can obtain pure product 2-bromo-ethyl-methyl ether after organic layer reclaimed solvent.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: reaction raw materials 2-methyl cellosolve, boric acid, hydrogen bromide etc. all are large industrial raw material, and be cheap and easy to get; React easy to operate, system is gentle, and side reaction is few, and the content of product and yield are high; Ability such as boric acid recovery set usefulness, the pollutent that reaction produces is few.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described further.
Embodiment
Analytical instrument of using among the embodiment and equipment: gas chromatography mass spectrometry, MS5973N-GC6890N (U.S. Agilent company); NMR, AVANCE DMX II I 400M (mark in the TMS, Bruker company); IR, NICOLET 360FT-IR; Gc: the beautiful 7890F in sky, Shanghai.
The preparation of embodiment 1:2-bromo-ethyl-methyl ether
In the 500ml there-necked flask, add boric acid 84g (1.4mol), toluene 260ml, band water refluxes; Synteny goes out 23.5g water (1.3mol) after about 2 hours, cools to 90 ℃, adds 2-methyl cellosolve 122g (1.6mol), and the band water 4 hours of continuing to reflux is transparent to reaction solution; No longer till the water outlet, lower the temperature water pump decompression and solvent recovery toluene and unreacted 2-methyl cellosolve; Get colourless transparent liquid 173g, be midbody metaboric acid three-(2-methoxyl group-1-yl)-ethyl ester, structural confirmation:
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δ(ppm):3.38(s,3H,O-CH
3);3.54(t,J=4.8Hz,2H,B-O-CH
2CH*
2-O-CH
3);4.09(s,2H,B-O-CH*
2CH
2-O-CH
3)
13CNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δ(ppm):58.94(O-CH
3);63.32(B-O-CH*
2CH
2-O-CH
3);72.38(B-O-CH
2CH*
2-O-CH
3)。
In above-mentioned liquid residue, add chloroform 200ml, down slowly logical bromize hydrogen gas 130g (1.6mol, available weightening finish method metering) is stirred in the cooling bath insulation, needs led in 4 hours approximately, continues to stir half a hour, is added dropwise to (the careful heat release of 30 ml waters then! ), stirring 10 minutes after-filtration, filter residue is washed with 50ml chloroform bubble, dries to such an extent that white solid boric acid 77 restrains, and can apply mechanically.Filtrating merges back water 50ml and washes layering; Wash more than the neutrality with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution again, anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, decompression and solvent recovery is to doing then, and the cut of collecting 107-110 ℃ gets product 153 grams, is colourless liquid, places flavescence, gas phase content 98.1%, total recovery 78.3% (calculating with boric acid).
Product structure is confirmed:
GC-MS(m/e):45(100%),63,94,96,107,109,138,140;
1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δ(ppm):3.17(s,3H,O-CH
3);3.41(t,J=7.2Hz,2H,BrC*H
2CH
2-O-CH
3);3.53(t,J=7.2Hz,2H,BrCH
2C*H
2-O-CH
3)
13CNMR(400MHz,CDCl
3)δ(ppm):30.72(BrC*H
2CH
2-O-CH
3);56.94(O-CH
3);73.12(BrCH
2C*H
2-O-CH
3)
IR(v/cm
-1):2812-2986(C-H),1125(CH
2-O-CH
2)。
The preparation of embodiment 2:2-bromo-ethyl-methyl ether
In the 500ml there-necked flask, add the boric acid 77g (1.4mol) that reclaims among new boric acid 7g and the embodiment 1, the toluene and the 2-methyl cellosolve mixed solution 240ml that reclaim among the embodiment 1; New 2-methyl cellosolve 107g (1.4mol) refluxes and is with water, and synteny goes out 50g water after about 5 hours, cools to 20 ℃; Down slowly logical bromize hydrogen gas 130g (1.6mol, available weightening finish method metering) is stirred in the cooling bath insulation; Needed led in 4 hours approximately, continue to stir half a hour, be added dropwise to (the careful heat release of 30 ml waters then! ), stirring 10 minutes after-filtration, filter residue is washed with 50ml toluene bubble, dries to such an extent that white solid boric acid 78 restrains, and can apply mechanically.Filtrating merges back water 50ml and washes layering; Wash more than the neutrality with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution again, anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, decompression and solvent recovery is to doing then, and the cut of collecting 107-110 ℃ gets product 156 grams, is light yellow liquid, gas phase content 98.3%, total recovery 80% (calculating with boric acid).The product nuclear magnetic spectrogram is identical with embodiment 1.
The preparation of embodiment 3:2-bromo-ethyl-methyl ether
In the 500ml there-necked flask, add the boric acid 78g (1.4mol) that reclaims among new boric acid 6g and the embodiment 2, benzene 260ml, band water refluxes; Synteny goes out 23.7g water (1.3mol) after about 2 hours, cools to 90 ℃, adds 2-methyl cellosolve 122g (1.6mol); The band water 4 hours of continue refluxing is transparent to reaction solution, no longer till the water outlet, and cooling; Water pump decompression and solvent recovery benzene and unreacted 2-methyl cellosolve get colourless transparent liquid 171g, and 250ml adds methylene chloride in above-mentioned liquid residue; Down slowly logical bromize hydrogen gas 130g (1.6mol, available weightening finish method metering) is stirred in the cooling bath insulation; Needed led in 4 hours approximately, continue to stir half a hour, be added dropwise to (the careful heat release of 30 ml waters then! ), stirring 10 minutes after-filtration, filter residue is washed with 50ml chloroform bubble, dries to such an extent that white solid boric acid 77.5 restrains, and can apply mechanically.Filtrating merges back water 50ml and washes layering; Wash more than the neutrality with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution again, anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, decompression and solvent recovery is to doing then, and the cut of collecting 107-110 ℃ gets product 145 grams, is colourless liquid, gas phase content 97.9%, total recovery 74.1% (calculating with boric acid).
The preparation of embodiment 4:2-bromo-ethyl-methyl ether
Band water solvent among the embodiment 1 is changed to ETHYLE ACETATE, and other charge ratio is identical with reaction conditions, behind water pump decompression and solvent recovery ETHYLE ACETATE and the unreacted 2-methyl cellosolve, gets colourless transparent liquid 170g; Transfer in the 1000ml there-necked flask after in above-mentioned liquid residue, adding chloroform 250ml dissolving; Add Sodium Bromide 165g (1.6mol); The cooling bath insulation slowly drips vitriol oil 80g (0.8mol) under the mechanical stirring, needed drip off in 3 hours approximately; Continue to stir half a hour, be added dropwise to (the careful heat release of 50 ml waters then! ), stir 10 minutes after-filtration.Filtrate water 50ml washes, layering; Wash more than the neutrality with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution again, anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, decompression and solvent recovery is to doing then, and the cut of collecting 107-110 ℃ gets product 137 grams, is light yellow liquid, gas phase content 98.2%, total recovery 70.1% (calculating with boric acid).
The preparation of embodiment 5:2-bromo-ethyl-methyl ether
Band water solvent among the embodiment 1 is changed to butylacetate, and other charge ratio is identical with reaction conditions, behind water pump decompression and solvent recovery ETHYLE ACETATE and the unreacted 2-methyl cellosolve, gets colourless transparent liquid 174g; Transfer in the 1000ml there-necked flask after the 300ml that in above-mentioned liquid residue, the adds methylene chloride dissolving; Add Sodium Bromide 165g (1.6mol); The cooling bath insulation slowly drips vitriol oil 80g (0.8mol) under the mechanical stirring, needed drip off in 3 hours approximately; Continue to stir half a hour, be added dropwise to (the careful heat release of 50 ml waters then! ), stir 10 minutes after-filtration.Filtrate water 50ml washes, layering; Wash more than the neutrality with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution again, anhydrous magnesium sulfate drying, decompression and solvent recovery is to doing then, and the cut of collecting 107-110 ℃ gets product 141 grams, is light yellow liquid, gas phase content 98.2%, total recovery 72.2% (calculating with boric acid).